IRJET- Experimental Study on Manufacture of Fly Ash Brick by using Construction and Demolition Waste

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Experimental Study on Manufacture of Fly Ash Brick by Using Construction and Demolition Waste Aswini.G1, Anargha.B.S2, Ardra.M.S3, Dhivya.G4 & Hemapriya.M5 1Assistant

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, Thiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India 2, 3, 4 & 5B.E Civil Engineering students of Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, Thiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract -Developing a sustainable construction material

of structural element like brick without any combustion process and to compare the structural properties assigned by the Indian Standard specification for load bearing brick.

This project will thus be very useful in an eco-friendly environment.

(brick) using construction and demolition (C&D) waste by diversion of C&D waste from the main waste stream can help in gaining a substantial area of land.The study investigates the potential for reusing construction debris as a replacement for sand by using construction and demolition waste at a range of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%.

The material properties are checked, brick was casted, tested and compared the properties such as compressive strength, water absorption capacity, efflorescence, density.

This project will thus be very useful in an eco- friendly environment.

Key Words: C&D Waste, compressive efflorescence, density, water absorption

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES 2.1 Fly Ash Fly ash, the fine particulate waste material produced by pulverized coal-based thermal power station, is an environmental pollutant, it has a potential to be a resource material. It is nowadays used in cement, concrete, brick and other cement based applications in India.

The experiment were conducted to study the physical properties of fly ash as per IS code. The test results are tabulated below: Table – 1: Properties of Fly Ash Physical Standard Experimental S.No Properties Value Values Specific 1.9 to 2 2.3 Gravity 2.96

strength,

1. INTRODUCTION Increasing population and rapid urbanization contribute towards solid waste generation. Waste in construction activity is generated either in new projects or in the process of demolition of old structures. Construction and demolition waste may be generated due to various reasons such as demolition or dismantling structures, damaged or excess construction material, non use of material due to alteration in specification, change in design during construction, etc. Fly ash is produced as a by-product from municipal solid waste incinerators and coal fuelled power stations, is also an environmental pollutant like C&D waste, it has a potential to be a resource material.

Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problems. Hence the reuse of waste materials has been emphasized. Waste can be used to produce new products so that natural resources are used more efficiently and the environment is protected from waste deposit. Partial replacement of building material by using C&D waste could lead to reduction in sand mining from river beds or cutting of rocks. The C&D plant can efficiently recover brick, soil, sand and concrete which can be re used. Thus the process not only helps in reducing waste, but also indirectly leads to decreasing pollution.

Here we are taking an effort towards use of waste material such as C&D waste and fly ash in manufacturing Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

2.2 Construction and Demolition Waste Huge quantity of construction and demolition (C&D) debris is produced during the construction and development works. As the construction industry grows, it generates more and more C&D debris, which create a major portion of solid wastes. The amount and type of C&D debris depend on many factors such as the stage of construction, type of construction work, and nature of construction practice on site. Most of the C&D debris are generally disposed of in landfills or openly dumped into uncontrolled waste pits and open areas. Therefore, the continuous industrial development would pose a serious disposal problem of C&D debris. The use of C&D debris in construction materials could ease the process of waste management.

The experiments were conducted to study the physical properties of Construction and demolition waste as per IS 383-1970 code. The test results are tabulated below:

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 4369

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 3.1 Methodology

Table – 2: Properties of C&D Waste Physical Experimental Properties Values Specific Gravity 2.6 Water Absorption 12% Fineness 3.2

S.No 1 2 3

First selected the topics that are “Experimental Study on Manufacture of Fly Ash Brick by using construction and demolition waste with fly ash” and then collected the literature review related on the selected title. After that materials were collected for the progress of work. The collected materials include construction and demolition waste, OPC, Sand and also coconut shell ash. Then the material properties were checked. The construction and demolition waste was collected from the backyards of the college itself which was crushed manually and sieved using IS 1.18 sieve. And the sand was also sieved using IS 1.18 sieve. After these, the materials collected were taken in proportion and mix was prepared for the casting purpose of bricks. After being casted the bricks were kept for curing. After 7 days and 28 days period of curing, the specimen were taken out and different properties of prepared specimen are tested and compared with properties assigned by Indian Standard specifications for normal fly ash bricks.

Table -5: Mix Proportions %Of C Weight Weight Weight &D of fly ash of sand of OPC waste required required required added MIX1 0 1400g 1300g 300g MIX2 25 1400g 975g 300g MIX3 50 1400g 650g 300g MIX4 75 1400g 325g 300g MIX5 100 1400g 0 300g

2.3 Sand The experiment were conducted to study the physical properties of sand as per IS 383-1970. The test results are tabulated below: Table – 3: Properties of Sand S.No Physical Experimental Properties Values 1 Specific Gravity 2.71 2

Water Absorption

0.5

3

Fineness

2.9

2.4 Ordinary Portland Cement The experiments were conducted to study the physical properties of cement as per IS code. The test results are tabulated below: Table – 4: Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement S. No

Physical Properties

Standard Values

Experiment al Values

1

Specific Gravity

3.15

3.15

2

Setting Time Initial

30 mts (min)

30 mts

Final

600 mts (max)

480 mts

Consistency

26% - 33%

31.5%

3

Fig – 1: Casted Specimens

2.5 Water

3.2 Tests on Bricks A. Compressive Strength

Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participated in the chemical reaction with cement.

Since it help to form the strength giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of water is required to look carefully.

In practice, very often great control on quality of water is often neglected. Since quality of water affects the strength, it is necessary for us to go into the purity and quality of water.

5 specimens of bricks are taken to laboratory for testing and tested one by one. In this test a brick specimen is put on crushing machine and applied pressure till it breaks. The ultimate pressure at which brick is crushed is taken into account. All five brick specimens are tested one by one and average result is taken as brick’s compressive/crushing strength.

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 4370

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net 4

75 %

5.138

10.474

5

100 %

3.953

7.312

Fig – 2: Compressive strength testing apparatus

B. Water Absorption test In this test bricks are weighed in dry condition and let them immersed in fresh water for 24 hours. After 24 hours of immersion those are taken out from water and wipe out with cloth. Then brick is weighed in wet condition. The difference between weights is the water absorbed by brick. The percentage of water absorption is then calculated. The less water absorbed by brick the greater its quality. Good quality brick doesn’t absorb more than 20% water of its own weight.

Chart – 1: Comparison of compressive strength

B. Water Absorption

C. Efflorescence test

Water absorption test were performed on the brick specimen of size 230mm × 110mm × 70mm by weighing in dry condition and wet condition after immersed in fresh water for 24 hours.

Table - 7: Water Absorption

The presence of alkalies in bricks is harmful and they form a grey or white layer on brick surface by absorbing moisture. To find out the presence of alkalis in bricks this test is performed. In this test a brick is immersed in fresh water for 24 hours and then it’s taken out from water and allowed to dry in shade. If the whitish layer is not visible on surface it proofs that absence of alkalis in brick. If the whitish layer visible about 10% of brick surface then the presence of alkalis is in an acceptable range. If that is about 50% of surface then it is moderate. If the alkalies presence is over 50% then the brick is severely affected by alkalies.

1 2 3 4 5

4. RESULTS A. Compressive Strength

2

25 %

3.573

9.486

3

50 %

3.966

9.881

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

% of water absorbed

Compressive strength tests were performed on brick specimen of size 230mm × 110mm × 70mm using compressive strength testing machine. Three samples per batch were tested with the average strength value reported in table: Table – 6: Compressive Strength Average Compressive % of Strength (N/mm2) S.No construction After 7 After 28 and Days of Days of demolition Curing Curing waste added 1 0% 2.767 7.509

% of construction and demolition waste added 0% 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

% of Water Absorption 3.271 7.393 7.427 9.578 9.842

% of construction and demolition waste added

Chart – 2: Comparison of % of water absorbed

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 4371

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

C. Density



Density tests were performed on one brick of size 230mm × 110mm × 70mm. Three samples per batch were tested with the average density value reported in the table: Table – 8: Density of brick % of construction Density of brick in S.No and kg/m3 demolition waste added 1 0% 2030.49 25 %

2001.12

3

50 %

1930.54

4

75 %

1879.73

5

100 %

1686.62

4. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusion can be drawn from the present investigation: 1. It is an eco-friendly brick because it reduces the environmental pollution by reducing the wastage of useful lands.

2. The average compressive strength of fly ash sand lime brick increases while replacing sand using construction and demolition waste up to 75%, after that it decreases.

3. Water absorption value increases with percentage of construction and demolition waste added, but it is not more than 20% by its weight.

4. Weight of the brick decreases with increase in percentage of construction and demolition waste added.

5. The maximum compressive strength occurs with 75% replacement of construction and demolition waste. It is 5.138 N/mm2 at 7 days and 10.474 N/mm2 at 28 days.

6. Density of the brick decreases with increase in percentage of construction and demolition waste added. That is the decrease in density is due to decrease in weight of brick.

7. The replacement of sand by construction and demolition waste is economical.

Density in kg/m³

2

% of construction and demolition waste added Chart – 3: Comparison of density of brick

D. Efflorescence

The test was conducted by soaking the bricks in water for 24 hours and depositions of patches on the bricks were studied. The liability to efflorescence shall be reported as ‘nil’, ‘slight’, ‘moderate’, ‘heavy’ or ‘serious’ in accordance with the following definitions and the results were shown in Table 4.9.  Nil - When there is no perceptible deposit of efflorescence.  Slight - When not more than 10 percent of the exposed area of the brick is covered with a thin deposit of salts.  Moderate - When there is a heavier deposit than under ‘slight’ and covering up to 50 percent of the exposed area of the brick surface but unaccompanied by powdering or flaking of the surface.  Heavy - When there is a heavy deposit of salts covering 50 percent or more of the exposed area of the brick surface but unaccompanied by powdering or flaking of the surface © 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

Serious - Place the end of the bricks in the dish, the depth of immersion in water being 25 mm.

Place the When there is a heavy deposit of salts accompanied BP powdering and or flaking of the exposed surfaces.

Table – 9: Effect of Efflorescence % Of construction Effect of S.NO and efflorescence demolition waste added 1 0% Nil 2 25% Nil 3 50% Slight 4 75% Slight 5 100% Slight

REFERENCES

Md. Safiuddin, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, M. A. Salam, M. S. Islam & R. Hashim “Utilization of solid wastes in construction materials” - International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(13), pp. 1952-1963.

Alaa.A.Shakir, Sivakumar Naganathan, Kamal Nasharuddin Bin Mustapha “Development Of Bricks From Waste Material: A Review Paper” - Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(8): 812-818.

Mohit Agarwal, Amit Krishan “Reusability of Construction & Demolition waste in bricks” - International |

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 4372

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),Volume : 04 Issue: 12.

R.Sumathi “Study and analysis in making of bricks using construction debris” - International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 12.

Shishir Bansal, S K Singh “A Sustainable Approach towards the Construction and Demolition Waste” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Vol. 3, Issue 2.

Yogesh Mohan, Urmil Sheoran, Anusha Rani “Construction and Demolition Waste Management Advantages of Demolition in Construction” - International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 6, Issue 6.

Alaa El-Din M. Sharkawi, Slah El-Din M. Almofty, Eng. Shady M. Abbass “Performance of Green Aggregate Produced by Recycling Demolition Construction Wastes (Case Study of Tanta City)”.

Mansi Jain “Economic Aspects of Construction Waste Materials in terms of cost savings – A case of Indian construction Industry” - International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 10.

Sally M. Elgizawy, Salah M. El-Haggar, Khaled Nassar “Approaching Sustainability of Construction and Demolition Waste Using Zero Waste Concept”.

Yasemin Kilic , Mustafa Kara , Bahattin Murat Demir , Aylin Şahin , Cavit Unal “The Use of Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Brick Production” International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER), Volume 03, Issue 05.

Akaninyene A. Umoh “Recycling Demolition Waste Sandcrete Blocks As Aggregate In Concrete”.

N. Sai Trinath Kumar, Chava Siva “Use Of Construction Renovation And Demolition Waste in Partial Replacement of Coarse aggregate in M20 Concrete” IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 04 Issue: 10.

M.S Shetty – Concrete Technology, S.Chand & Co.Ltd.2003.

IS 12894:2002, Specifications for fly ash lime brick, IS 3945, Specifications for methods of test for brick.

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 4373