International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Case Study of Power Factor Improvement on Village Loads Dr.P.Santosh Kumar Patra1, Dr.N.Ramchandra2, 1Principal
& Professor in Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 2Professor in Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India -----------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - The main aim of this paper is to improve the power DSTATCOM is control algorithm which plays a vital role in its factor by developing DSTATCOM with Instantaneous Unit principle of operation [2-3]. It controls the compensator Template algorithm. In this paper a particular zone in voltage by controlling the firing pulses of IGBT based Voltage Chandragunda village, Warangal district, Telangana is Source Inverter (VSI). Based on compensator voltage and considered for case study of power factor in distribution line. It grid voltage it acts either a source or sink of reactive power. is observed that the most common problem in village is the If the compensating voltage is greater than grid voltage then interruption of power supply due to frequent tripping of it acts as source of reactive power and works in capacitive distribution transformer. The causes for frequent tripping of mode to improve the power factor. In this paper a particular distribution transformer are large reactive loads, low power zone in chandragunda village Warangal district is chosen for factor and overloading. The large consumers with low power case study of power factor in distribution line. In this village factor also being charged penalty by the electricity board. agriculture is the major occupation and uses the induction Therefore power factor improvement plays a vital role for motors for irrigation. All the induction motors are connected efficient system operation and reducing electricity to the feeder of the distribution transformer. The most consumption cost. In this paper a test distribution system common problem noticed is the interruption of power connected to four induction motors of different ratings and supply due to frequent tripping of distribution transformer. rectifier loavd is considered. In order to improve the power The causes for frequent tripping are large reactive loads, low factor DSTATCOM with instantaneous unit template algorithm power factor and overloading. Therefore in order to control is connected in parallel with the feeder and simulated for the reactive power flow and for power factor improvement a simulation results. pole mounted DSTATCOM is proposed. It should be connected at load end to improve the performance of the Key Words: Power factor, Harmonics, Reactive Power system. A novel control technique i.e., the instantaneous unit DSTATCOM, Voltage template algorithm is proposed to control the operation of the DSTATCOM. This algorithm uses unit templates and 1. INTRODUCTION instantaneous powers for the extraction of reference currents which reduces the execution time. Hysteresis In villages the most of the loads connected to the current controller is used to generate firing pulses for IGBT distribution lines are inductive loads. Especially in based VSI. For simulation a test distribution system which is agriculture induction motors are used for irrigation purpose. connected to four induction motors of different ratings and a It requires more reactive power for magnetization and rectifier load is considered. The system is simulated with and increases the apparent power requirement in distribution without DSTATCOM and observed the results. The next line which reduces the power factor. Due to low power factor section discusses about power factor and power factor the induction motors draws high currents greater than the correction methods. pre outage current from distribution transformer causes 2. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION overloading. It is one of the major causes for frequent 2.1 Power factor tripping of distribution transformer in villages. Therefore it Power factor is used to measure how effectively the is essential to improve the power factor at load ends. electrical power is being used by the consumers. If it is less In order to improve the power factor the FACTS device like than one the electricity board has to supply more current DSTATCOM, a shunt compensator is connected at load end to the consumers for a given amount of power use which [1]. It controls the reactive power flow in the distribution increases the line losses. As a result they will charge line by injecting compensator currents to improve the penalty for large consumers having low power factor [4]. performance of the system. The building block of the
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