IRJET- Effect of Cementitious Material on Pervious Concrete Properties : A Review

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Effect of Cementitious Material on Pervious Concrete Properties: A Review Ritu Bala1, Parveen Kaur2, Abhilash Thakur3 1M.Tech

Scholar, Civil engineering, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Village Khiala, Padhiana, Punjab.

Professor, Civil engineering, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Village Khiala, Padhiana, Punjab.

---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------2 ,3 Assistant

Abstract - Now a days the urbanisation is increasing day by

day and these urbanisations creates main problem is flooding during rainfall. In the city area most of the rainfall is converted into runoff due to the impervious strata of pavement. To overcome this burden a suitable concrete is used is Pervious concrete, which was firstly utilized in Europe as asphalt surfacing during the 1800s[1]. Cost productivity was the fundamental thought process because of a contracted measure of cement. Due to of the shortage of concrete previous concrete was turned out to be progressively practical in many cities after World War II but didn’t become as well known in the US until the 1970s. In 2000, in India it got conventional[2]. The main objective of this study to carry out the research to overcome the runoff or to increase discharge of land. Because in India the rainfall intensity is low at some region and the evaporation losses are high. At some places the discharge is high so flooding problem is the serious issue.

Figure 1 Pervious concrete diagram

1.2 USE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE The expanded utilization of pervious cement in streets, walkways, and parking garages requests improved determinations, execution models, and acknowledgment test strategies for assessing primary execution and strength of this inventive solid item.[4]

Key Words: pervious concrete, storm water, strength, hydrological cycle.

1. INTRODUCTION When the amount of fine aggregate is less or negligible than the concrete is considered as Pervious concrete comprises of concrete, the size of coarse aggregate is varying between 9.5 mm to 12.5 mm. in the normal concrete the strength was recorded higher than previous concrete because of fine aggregate fill the gap. Around 0.28 to 0.40 water to solid ratio is considered with 15 to 25 percent void ratio[3]. Water is lesser used because of insufficient availability of fine aggregate, this will affect the strength of concrete. A diagram of previous concrete is shown blow in fig 1.

Lower water and solid ratio will build the strength of the concrete, yet too little water may cause surface disappointment. The lower compaction of concrete reduces the compressive strength and vice versa due to permeability.

Pervious asphalts, which are otherwise called permeable asphalts, are asphalt frameworks with between associated organization of void spaces. Pervious asphalts are a significant advance towards improving the climate.

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Figure 2 restriction of utilization [38,39]

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Manageability has gotten one of the main plan factors for asphalt engineers throughout the most recent quite a long while. A lot of this attention has been on decreasing material expenses for asphalt foundation by utilizing imaginative materials into conventional asphalt plan. Pervious solid asphalt can counterbalance the normal prerequisite for stormwater the board lakes for huge cleared territories[5]. It tends to be considered as an option in contrast to impenetrable asphalt frameworks as the open void structure of pervious solid asphalt permits water to penetrate rapidly through it and join the characteristic ground water table.

• The method of disappointment of these asphalts is by over the top raveling, consequently making surface rutting and free particles which clearly decreases porousness.

Black-top asphalts have being utilized since the mid-20th century. Everywhere on the world, engineers endeavour to find some kind of harmony. Every one of these worries set off the turn of events and ensuing advancement of pervious asphalts. Impenetrable asphalts, which are most of asphalts laid around the world, are liable for 66% of the abundance overflow and furthermore hydrocarbon poisons in metropolitan settlements[6]. The vast majority of the stormwater spill over issues emerge because of loss of the water holding capacity of the dirt in the metropolitan settlements. The significant issues with stormwater are the volume of the overflow water and the contaminations conveyed by this water.

Pervious cement requires less measure of concrete when contrasted with ordinary cement. After the World War II, a few nations in Europe and United States started the utilization of pervious concrete as a kind of asphalt. This way, pervious cement was utilized as overlays on ordinary solid streets to build waste. It was in the 1970's that pervious cement made a critical imprint in the United States[11]. Florida was the primary State to utilize pervious cement on account of its hydrological properties. Its porosity and pressure driven capacity limit made it an extraordinary answer for the Florida streets framework which was tormented with expanded spill over volumes. Literature review in previous years showed in table[12]

• expansion straightforwardly influences the encompassing waterways and streams, with effects, for example, expanded stream bank disintegration, diminished water quality, and diminished base stream as zones become less and less pervious. [10] Advantages:

Pervious cement is without a doubt the most researched pervious asphalt type. The utilization of customary cement (impenetrable) as an asphalt surface goes back to the nineteenth 3 century. As per Croney and Croney main trial development of thick solid asphalts was done in Scotland in 1865[7]. At the beginning phase, utilization of regular concrete as asphalts was not upheld in urban communities since it was accepted to influence the admittance to underground utilities. Accordingly, it doesn't upset the common hydrological cycle or increment the interest on the nearby stormwater the executives.

1.3 ECONOMICAL FACTOR Figure 3 Reference Year[19,20, 21,29, 33]

Pervious asphalts favourable circumstances far dwarf its inconveniences. This development in asphalt innovation utilizes land use by annihilating the requirement for maintenance bowls, swales and other conventional stormwater the board gadgets. It is practical and diminishes contaminations from spill over. [8] These frameworks additionally have a few disorders.

• In regions encountering freeze defrost cycles, pervious asphalts are effortlessly influenced by furrowing in light of the fact that this cycle deteriorates the total particles and can likewise harm the pavers. At the point when upheld by hefty mud soil subgrade, the voids effectively get obstructed in this way decreasing its porousness properties.[9]

Figure 4 References with Cementitious material (kg/m3)[16,17,18 ,34]

• Compressive strength is very low due to absence of fine aggregate.

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Figure 8 References with Water (kg/m3)[32,35,40,41]

Figure 5 References with Aggregates (kg/m3)[22,23,24]

1.4 CONCLUSIONS • It is suitable where availably of fine aggregate is low and coarse aggregate is available in good manner.

• It has high probability on practices as far as unit weight, compaction endeavours, porosity, restoring strategy, exhaustion.

• Utilisation of waste like coarse derbies is involved good strength.

• Present good result in freezing and thawing.

• Pervious cement was first utilized as burden bearing dividers and precast pieces in structures because of absence of development materials.

Figure 6 References with W/CM [26,27,28,36,37]

• Other than stormwater the board, pervious cement can likewise give ecological and monetary advantages, for example, eliminating water toxins, decreasing clamour contamination, bringing down the warmth island impact, bringing down light interest, and expanding driver wellbeing through improved perceivability.

REFERENCES 1) Putman BJ, Neptune AI (2011) Comparison of test specimen preparation techniques for pervious concrete pavements. Constr Build Mater 25:3480– 3485 2) Suozzo M, Dewoolkar MM (2014) Evaluation of strength and hydraulic testing methods of pervious concrete. ACI Mater J 111(1) 3) Technical guidance on implementing the stormwater runoff Environment protection agency.

EPA 2017

Figure 7 References with Aggregate/CM ratio[25,30,31]

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4) Torres A, Jiong H, Ramos A (2015) The effect of the cementitious paste thickness on the performance of pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 95:850–859

2012, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington D.C. 18) ^ "Specification for Pervious Concrete." ACI 522.108. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 7pp.

5) Wu MH, Lin CL, Huang WC, Chen JW (2016) Characteristics of pervious concrete using incineration bottom ash in place of sandstone graded material. Constr Build Mater 111:618–624

19) Yahia A, Daddy Kabagire K (2014) New approach to proportion pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 62:38–46

6) "Pervious Ready Mix Concrete". srmconcrete.com.

Retrieved 19 November2015.

20) Yang J, Jiang G (2003) Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials. Cem Concr Resea 33:381–386

7) Chopra, Manoj. "Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete Pavements"(PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved 1 October 2012.

21) Zheng M, Chen S, Wang B (2012) Mix design method for permeable base of porous concrete. Int J Pavement Res Technol 5:102–107

8) "Storm Water Technology Fact Sheet: Porous Pavement." United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 832-F-99-023, September 1999.

22) Zhong R, Wille K (2015) Material design and characterization of high performance pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 98:51–60

9) Ashley, Erin. "Using Pervious Concrete to Achieve LEED Points" (PDF). National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. Retrieved 1 October 2012.

23) Zhong R, Wille K (2016a) Compression response of normal and high strength pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 109:177–187

10) Majersky, Gregory. "Filtration of Polluted Waters by Pervious Concrete" (PDF). Liquid Asset Development. Retrieved 3 October 2012.

24) Zhong R, Wille K (2016b) Linking pore system characteristics to the compressive behavior of pervious concrete. Cem Concr Comp 70:130–138

11) "Pervious Concrete". Purinton Builders. Retrieved 3 October 2012.

12) John T. Kevern; Vernon R. Schaefer & Kejin Wang (2011). "Mixture Proportion Development and Performance Evaluation of Pervious Concrete for Overlay Applications". Materials Journal. American Concrete Institute. 108 (4): 439–448. Archived from the original on July 7, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2013.

25) Zouaghi A (2002) Technological problems of multiperformance porous concrete. In: Proceedings of the 1st fib congress, pp 233–242 26) ASTM International. "Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete." Standard No. C1688.

13) Desai, Dhawal. "Pervious Concrete – Effect of Material Proportions on Porosity". Civil Engineering Portal. Retrieved 30 September 2012.

27) Vernon R. Schaefer; Keijin Wang; Muhammad T. Suleiman; John T. Kevern (2006). "Mix Design Development for Pervious Concrete in Cold Weather Climates". Ames, IA: Iowa State University. National Concrete Pavement Technology Center. Report No. 2006-01.

14) ^ Jump up to:a b Kevern, John; K. Wang; V. R. Schaefer (2008). "A Novel Approach to Characterize Entrained Air Content in Pervious Concrete" (PDF).

ASTM International. 5 (2).

28) Bassuoni MT, Sonebi M (2010) Pervious concrete: a sustainable drainage solution. Concr Concr Soc 44:14–16

15) Kevern, John. "Effect of Compaction Energy on Pervious Concrete Properties". RMC Research Foundation. Retrieved 1 October 2012.

29) Chandrappa AK, Biligiri KP (2016) Comprehensive investigation of permeability characteristics of pervious concrete. A hydrodynamic approach.

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16) Kevern, John. "Operation and Maintenance of Pervious Concrete Pavements" (PDF). Retrieved 1 October 2012.

17) Kevern, J.T. and Farney, C. “Reducing Curing Requirements for Pervious Concrete Using a Superabsorbent Polymer for Internal Curing.”

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board (TRB), Construction

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30) Chang JJ, Yeih W, Chung TJ, Huang R (2016) Properties of pervious concrete made with electric arc furnace slag and alkali-activated slag cement.

Constr Build Mater 109:34–40

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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31) Chen Y, Wang K, Wang X, Zhou W (2013) Strength, fracture and fatigue of pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 42:97–104

Parveen Kaur, is working as an assistant professor . She has 5 year teaching experiences the area of interest is application of waste foundry sand as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete.

32) Crouch LK, Pitt J, Hewitt R (2007) Aggregate effects on pervious Portland cement concrete static modulus of elasticity. J Mater Civ Eng 19:561–568 33) Burdette EG (2010) Laboratory evaluation of permeability and strength of polymer-modified pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 24:818–823.

Abhilash thakur, working as an assistant professor he has 3 years teaching and 3years industries experiences, the area of interest is effect of partial replacement of sand by iron slag in concrete as strength development.

34) Kevern JT, Schaefer VR, Wang K (2009a) The effect of curing regime on pervious concrete abrasion resistance. J Test Eval 37(4) 35) Kevern JT, Schaefer VR, Wang K (2009b) Evaluation of pervious concrete workability using gyra- tory compaction. J Mater Civil Eng 21:764–770 36) Khankhaje E, Salim MR, Mirza J, Hussin MW, Rafieizonooz M (2016) Properties of sustainable lightweight pervious concrete containing oil palm kernel shell as coarse aggregate. Constr Build Mater 126:1054–1065 37) Lian C, Zhuge Y, Beecham S (2011) The relationship between porosity and strength for porous concrete.

Constr Build Mater 25:4294–4298 38) Lim E, Twan KH, Fwa TF (2013) Effect of mix proportion on strength and permeability of pervious concrete for use in pavement. Proc Eastr Asia Soc Trans Studvol 9 39) Neithalath N, Sumanasooriya MS, Deo O (2010) Characterizing pore volume, sizes, and connectivity in pervious concretes for permeability prediction. Mater Charact 61:802–813 (Elsevier) 40) Nguyen DH, Boutouil M, Sebaibi N, Leleyter L, Baraud F (2013) Valorization of seashell by products in pervious concrete pavers. Constr Build Mater 46:151–160 41) Nguyen DH, Sebaibi N, Boutouil M, Leleyter l, Baraud F (2014) A modified method for the design of pervious concrete mix. Constr Build Mat 73:271– 282

BIOGRAPHIES Ritu Bala is pursuing M.Tech in Civil engineering at Sant Baba Bhag Singh University. Area of interest is utilization of various waste in concrete.

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