IRJET- A Comparative Study between the Usages of Differently Sized Waste Tire Rubber Over the Streng

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE USAGES OF DIFFERENTLY SIZED WASTE TIRE RUBBER OVER THE STRENGTH ASPECTS OF RIGID ROAD PAVEMENTS: A REVIEW MANISH KUMAR BHARDWAJ1, Er. SANJEEV GUPTA2 1Student

of M.Tech, Transportation Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------------2Assistant

ABSTRACT: Unwanted tires and their accretion is comprehensive ecological anxiety; they are not decomposable, and, universally, a project of 1.7 billion are engendered yearly. Leftover tires in landfill and accumulations are well-known for percolating poisonous substances into the adjacent atmosphere, performing as upbringing dregs for parasites, and driving inextinguishable fires. The possessions of surplus tire rubber and industrial claims have been formerly described in a variety of periodicals with reverence to the ecological, commercial, and methodological influences. This reading accumulates and analyses this investigation with an emphasis on geotechnical engineering solicitations, such as fortifications and substructure building. The solicitations of unwanted rubber in building ingredients comprises cementitious concrete, tarmacadam concrete and grainy constituents for ground constructions. It can be noted down as Scrap rubber, when used as a fine gravel spare in movable concrete fill, upgraded ductility and strength is to weight fraction. A 35 MPa concrete mixture with rubber scrap gratified exhibit optimum asset and air entrainment competences, demonstrating negligible impairment afterwards 49 freeze is to thaw fraction rotations. Waste Rubber, as a fractional substitute for aggregate in highway base and sub-base stratums, unpleasantly exaggerated the CBR of the grouped aggregate sordid sequence. Rubber is to earth combinations as the interface of groundwork and construction generated a 55–65 % decrease in perpendicular and straight earth decelerations while endangered to seismic activity in imitation demonstrating.

Also, there is anxiety concerning the poisonousness of unwanted rubber combined merchandises due to leachates of hefty metals and additional substances conjoint in tires. Additionally, wide-ranging readings in this area are required. More researches must be taken into consideration under diverse pH and liquefied to firm proportions.

Keywords: Concrete Pavement, Waste tire Rubber, Waste Materials, Rigid Pavements, Waste Rubber, Environmental Sustainability INTRODUCTION General A road pavement is a construction that comprises of the overlaid status of handled ingredients beyond the ordinary earth subgrade, whose major function is to dispense the functional automobile masses to the layer below. The roadway assembly must be competent to deliver seeming of adequate equestrian excellence, passable slip confrontation, promising dainty shimmering physiognomies, and truncated sound trash. The conclusive goal is to safeguard that the conveyed pressures due to maneuver weight are satisfactorily abridged so that they will not surpass bearing capability of the below grade. Binary kinds of roadways are commonly documented as aiding this perseverance, specifically elastic pavements and inelastic pavements. This belowgiven sub-division provides a summary of roadway types, depending upon their deposits, and their purposes, and catastrophes. Inappropriate design of roadways principals to a primary catastrophe of roadways distressing the equestrian quality.

Rigid Pavement Rigid road surfaces or pavements have adequate flexural forte to transfer the steering wheel load pressures to a broader space underneath. A characteristic cross-section of the inelastic road surface is shown below. Associated to elastic pavements, rigid road surfaces are located moreover unswervingly on the primed sub-base or a solitary stratum of grainy or steadied substantial. Subsequently, there is solitarily one stratum of substantial amongst the concrete and the sub-base, this level can be named as a layer or sub-layer progression. In rigid road surface, freight is dispersed by the slab deed, and the asphalt road performs similar to a flexible plate resting on a viscid medium. Inelastic pavements are fabricated by PCC and must be

Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1347

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

investigated by plate philosophy in place of layer philosophy, presumptuous a flexible plate latent on viscid groundwork. Plate philosophy is a shortened form of layer philosophy that adopts the concrete wedge as a medium dense plate which is flat before stacking and to continue as plane after loading. Meandering of the slab due to rolling load and temperature difference and the subsequent tensile and flexural pressure.

Figure 1. Cross-section of Rigid Road Pavement https://theconstructor.org/transportation/rigid-pavement-composition-structure/5495/ Waste Tire Rubber The automobile tires which are disposed to landfills are a significant part of the rigid waste. Stockpiled tires also cause many types of, healthiness, ecological and financial jeopardies through airborne, aquatic and earth pollution. These tires also accumulate water for an extended period for the reason of its specific form and impermeable nature of providing an upbringing environment for parasites and numerous other nuisances. Waste Tire burning, which was the calmest and inexpensive technique of discarding these tires, sources thoughtful fire threats. When burned, it is very problematic to quench as 70% to 80% of allowed space leads to the accumulation portion of allowed oxygen. In tallying, the remains in the powdered form, left after sweltering adulterates the earth. The lubricant that is engendered from the melting of tires can also poison earth and liquid. A predictable of 1000 million tires touch the culmination of their expedient lives every single year. At current, massive amounts of waste tires are already hoarded and landfilled, approximately 2000 million in European Union and 800 million in the United States. So consequently this tire remaining should be used as an alternative of several elements in the construction industry. In several areas, tire waste can be used to enhance the properties of the structure. It can be used majorly in three forms which are, Shredded or chipped rubber which can be used as a replacement of the gravel, Crumb rubber that can replace sand and Ground rubber that may or may not replace cement depending upon the equipment used for size reduction.

Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1348

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Figure 2. Waste Tire Rubber https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447917301132 LITERATURE REVIEW (Gajendra Rajan, Sakthieswaran, & Ganesh Babu, 2020) contemplated the use of a few disposed of tires and found that the unloading of these waste tires stays to position an insightful terrorizing to natural stronghold and strength. The main objective of this perusing was the utilization of Leftover tire elastic significant as a partial replacement for fine totals in M30 evaluation of solid blend at assorted portions to yield a biological cement. It was additionally discovered that it has a valuable advantage of saving standard totals. In this main side, an evident adjustment method was extended to unite solid faction congregations to the vulcanized elastic surface, to deliver a powerful biochemical guarantee among the elastic and the OPC lattice. It is an employable cycle to propel the mechanical attributes of cement.

(Choudhary, Chaudhary, Jain, & Gupta, 2020) put forth an attempt to support the practically requested solid belongings by subbing the common sand with undesirable elastic tire strands at disparate volume amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%) for a constant Water concrete division of 0.35. Rubber treated practically requested concrete, marked basically by FOC, can be ordered by the difference in the design of development that in adjustment shows the equal variety in the qualities of the solid. For the thorough examination, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, scraped area opposition test, and fluid assimilation tests were executed on traditionalist solid, elastic fiber concrete and afterwards likened. Execution investigation was finished on the base of results achieved. The perusing introduced decreased compressive strong points for elastic fiber concrete when contrasted with moderate cement. The flexural strength esteems were predominant for squander Rubber Fiber Concrete. Additionally, it was better in mileage resistance and better outcomes were begun for concrete containing elastic filaments. The fluid ingestion of changed cement was correspondingly overstated by the joining of elastic filaments. The learning set up that the use of Rubber Fiber cement may be a reasonable technique in transit, to the improvement of strong risk tiles, and at the residences, any place progressed flexural strength is basic.

Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1349

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

(Mhaya, Huseien, Abidin, & Ismail, 2020) evaluates the impacts of the tire elastic morsel squanders at different substances (5% to 30% of volume) and granulated impact heater slag as the fine and coarse totals replacement on the qualities of newly planned blocks of cement. Around 12 gatherings of such blocks of cement were orchestrated by the mix of the designing junks checking the granulated impact heater slag with conventional Portland concrete. The mechanized and durability sanctioning of these changed blocks of cement were inspected by methods for droop cone test, compressive strength test, elasticity test, flexural strength test, and resistance to acidic episode test. The solid improved with 20% of granulated impact heater slag as concrete reserve indicated improved mechanical practices in which the compressive resource a short time later the corrective age of 28 days is more noteworthy than the concrete control blend. Besides, the blend planned with 5% of tire elastic morsel squanders as fine and coarse totals replacement is intently 15% as related to the normal Portland concrete examples. The outcomes demonstrated that the tire elastic piece squanders substitution up-to an edge of 15% of the common sand and rock into the solid can be usably denied of any strength harm.

(Li, Ling, & Hung Mo, 2020) sensibly surveys the utilities and impacts of moldable and elastic junks castoff as recyclable totals on the restored and hardened belongings just as the strength order in mortars and cement. The sort and premise of waste plastic and waste elastic junks devoured as standard total, just as their qualities in articulations of total mass, replacement substance, and the executive’s procedures are underlined. In a more extensive range, the event of moldable total drops the functionality of cement, while the result of the waste elastic total is generally managed by the size and replacement content. Correspondingly, the level outside and more modest explicit gravity of plastic just as elastic total, related to common total enlarged the pore get together which compressed the grid minimization and mechanical strong point. Then again, natural administration of waste elastic total was begun to be an efficient and practicable method to reward the mechanical strength harm of waste elastic amalgamated cement. A ways off from refining the pliability of cement, exclusively the very pinnacle of favorable physiognomies of the plastic and elastic total was, the lower warm conductivity, acoustical conductivity and electrical conductivity and therefore these totals are extraordinary decisions for manufacturing warm and thorough sheltering concrete.

(Polydorou et al., 2020) concentrated their research work and focused their examination on the mechanical response of waste created rubber treated cement, with the thought process of increasing its skinny Interfacial Changeover Region.

Pretreatment of waste arranged reprocessed tire elastic components by extra generous that is then estimated as abundance.

Extra Mine Dust was likewise utilized, and it directed the hydrophobicity of waist elastic and thus killed superfluous fluid hindering all through fraternization and was assuming a critical function in plunging the openings identified at the intersection point using Scanning electron microscopy imaging. The pretreatment thusly admissible for overhauled compressive strength, results bring up, a most extreme expansion in the seven and multi-day compressive strength, correspondingly, for the assigned rubber treated solid blend.

(Valizadeh, Hamidi, Aslani, & Shaikh, 2020) looks at the impact of test measurement and profile on the compressive strength and elasticity of Crumbed elastic cement containing 0%, 10%, and 20% morsel elastic totals by assets of commonly investigational and breakage methodology established hypothetical strategies. Cubic examples for evaluating the compressive strength, cylindrical examples for parting rigidities appraisal, and crystal test for the flexural strength appraisal were readied.

The insightful learning was cultivated, grounded on the improved measurement result from little model and directing its limitations by spreading the investigational outcomes, to initiate the relationship among the mechanical attributes Crumbed elastic cement of with the calculation of the mechanical segment. Moreover, the relationship among the modulus of partition and compressive intensity of the Crumbed elastic cement has been likewise settled, in light of the plan codes proposed for oneself compacting concrete.

(Shahjalal et al., 2021) inspects the aggregate impact of waste elastic and polypropylene fibre on the real and mechanical attributes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Moreover, the flexural reaction of Fiber Reinforced Concrete bars was inspected. A grouping of 14 Fiber Reinforced Concrete bar tests, gaging 150 mm x 200 mm x 1500 mm were prepared and afterwards confirmed through testing. Various groupings were viewed as where the factors were squandered elastic with content (5% to 10%) and steel extents (0.65% and 1.75%) with substances of waist elastic and polypropylene fiber static at 30% and 0.5%, correspondingly. The outcomes of the investigational amendment suggest an upgrade in the solid, for a more limited term and long term thinking about the mechanical qualities, following the presentation of waste elastic and polypropylene fiber. Solid shafts with squander elastic and polypropylene fiber showed better-quality in flexural limit, pliability, and toughness.

Moreover, examination builds up that the overarching codes and configuration core value are inadequate for listing the

Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1350

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

flexural strength of pillars with different fortification portions. By and large, this investigation sets up an inventive channel toward the cleaner development of natural cement.

(Shen, Huang, Ma, Hao, & Lv, 2020) analyzed the impacts of artistic total and Waste tire elastic (0% to 7.5% of fastener) on aloof compression and the microstructure of polymer concrete. The investigational results call attention to that placid withdrawal in Polymer concrete with clay total and waste tire elastic is definitively less than that of Polymer concrete with folded stone total. Extraordinary pressure loosening execution of polymer concrete was identified. At the point when waste elastic contacted 8.5% of the fastener, the importance of placid withdrawal was roughly zero. Ultra profundity 3-dimensional microscopy, X beam determined tomography and checking electron miniature extension were thought about to portray polymer solid attributes for the assurance of weight decrease creations.

CONCLUSIONS From the above-discussed literature studies over usage of waste tires, several conclusions are drawn which are as follows: 







In a more extensive viewpoint, the inclusion of waste elastic began total seems to devise similar impact concerning the functionality drop of grout or cement. Besides, more prominent fillings of these masses prompt bigger functionality decay. In any case, In a condition of the total that is hard, the structure and total region were brought into the case to impact the usefulness. Starting at a few gathered works examines, in relations of usefulness, it appears to have the use of waste elastic began total could complete improved as likened to total that is hard at the indistinguishable helper level, accordingly the underlying treatment and commendable gathering can without much of a stretch be achieved through the utilization of the past.

The solidities of mortar or cement framed with the use of elastic began total, remains correctly equal, and because the assortment in exact gravity expressed for squandering elastic started totals is 1.11 to 1.43 and 0.62–1.32 correspondingly. The conservativeness of filling or strong is essentially coordinated by the replacement centralization of waste elastic arranged total related toward the extensive lesser exact gravity conversely through total which is common, for example, feeder sand with explicit gravity of 2.59 and the strength shows straightly lessening float with the upsurge in the convergence of waste elastic arranged total. Distinctively, the extraordinary decline in the robustness of mortar or solid that may be refined through the use of this kind of totals up to 25% to 35%.

The plausible filling outcome of improved measured waste elastic totals at lower amount appeared to moreover have the helpful outcome for pore filling, henceforth diminishing fluid ingestion, in any case, intensified fillings slope to catch strengthening air, separating after a greater amount of openings. The more modest meticulousness of waste elastic arranged totals finances to modern compression of the follow-on mortar or combination of concrete, sand and total, anyway such significant properties may uphold the freezing and defrosting showdown while joined at the appropriate amount.

The most significant and favorable position of utilizing waste elastic arranged totals credibly exists in the inclusion of the useful properties of grout or cement. For the explanation that of the vacuums existent and expanded porousness in the plan while such totals remained included, the warmth directing property may likewise be dense, and the sound captivation might be advanced gigantically.

FURTHER CREDITS (Ali, Qureshi, & Khan, 2020; Canestrari & Ingrassia, 2020; Choudhary et al., 2020; Dezhampanah et al., 2020; Di Graziano, Marchetta, & Cafiso, 2020; Gajendra Rajan et al., 2020; Gupta, Siddique, Sharma, & Chaudhary, 2019; Huang, Dong, Ni, & Wang, 2020; Ingrassia, Spinelli, Paoloni, & Canestrari, 2020; Li et al., 2020; Liang, Gu, Chen, Ni, & Zhang, 2020; Liu, Su, Li, You, & Zhao, 2020; Lu et al., 2020; Martínez-Barrera et al., 2020; Mhaya et al., 2020; Omairey, Gu, & Zhang, 2021; Peng et al., 2020; Plati, Loizos, & Gkyrtis, 2020; Polydorou et al., 2020; Qiao et al., 2020; Rangelov, Dylla, Mukherjee, & Sivaneswaran, 2020; Roychand et al., 2020; Shahjalal et al., 2021; Shao et al., 2020; Shen, Huang, et al., 2020; Shen, Ma, et al., 2020; Siddika et al., 2019; Ungureanu et al., 2020; Valizadeh et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Yang & Zhou, 2020)

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1351

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

REFERENCES 1.

Ali, B., Qureshi, L. A., & Khan, S. U. (2020). Flexural behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete and its impact on the cost and carbon footprint of concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 120820. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120820

2.

Canestrari, F., & Ingrassia, L. P. (2020). A review of top-down cracking in asphalt pavements: Causes, models, experimental tools and future challenges. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2020.08.002

3.

Choudhary, S., Chaudhary, S., Jain, A., & Gupta, R. (2020). Valorization of waste rubber tyre fibre in functionally graded concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.122

4.

Dezhampanah, S., Nikbin, I., Charkhtab, S., Fakhimi, F., Bazkiaei, S. M., & Mohebbi, R. (2020). Environmental performance and durability of concrete incorporating waste tire rubber and steel fibre subjected to acid attack.

Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122216

5.

Di Graziano, A., Marchetta, V., & Cafiso, S. (2020). Structural health monitoring of asphalt pavements using smart sensor networks: A comprehensive review. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2020.08.001

6.

Gajendra Rajan, R., Sakthieswaran, N., & Ganesh Babu, O. (2020). Experimental investigation of sustainable concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with treated waste tyre rubber by acidic nature. Materials Today: Proceedings. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.279

7.

Gupta, T., Siddique, S., Sharma, R. K., & Chaudhary, S. (2019). The behaviour of waste rubber powder and hybrid rubber concrete in an aggressive environment. Construction and Building Materials, 217, 283-291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.080

8.

Huang, M., Dong, Q., Ni, F., & Wang, L. (2020). LCA and LCCA based Multi-objective Optimization of Pavement Maintenance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124583. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124583

9.

Ingrassia, L. P., Spinelli, P., Paoloni, G., & Canestrari, F. (2020). Top-down cracking in Italian motorway pavements: A case study. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 13, e00442. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00442

10. Li, X., Ling, T.-C., & Hung Mo, K. (2020). Functions and impacts of plastic/rubber wastes as eco-friendly aggregate in concrete – A review.

Construction and Building Materials, 240, 117869. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117869 11. Liang, J., Gu, X., Chen, Y., Ni, F., & Zhang, T. (2020). A novel pavement means texture depth evaluation strategy based on three-dimensional pavement data filtered by a new filtering approach. Measurement, 166, 108265. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108265 12. Liu, Y., Su, P., Li, M., Yu, Z., & Zhao, M. (2020). Review on evolution and evaluation of asphalt pavement structures and materials.

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2020.05.003 13. Lu, G., Wang, H., Törzs, T., Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Wang, D., . . . Grabe, J. (2020). In-situ and numerical investigation on the dynamic response of unbounded granular material in the permeable pavement. Transportation Geotechnics, 25, 100396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100396 14. Martínez-Barrera, G., del Coz-Díaz, J. J., Álvarez-Rabanal, F. P., López Gayarre, F., Martínez-López, M., & Cruz-Olivares, J. (2020). Waste tire rubber particles modified by gamma radiation and their use as modifiers of concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 12, e00321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00321

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1352

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

15. Mhaya, A. M., Huseien, G. F., Abidin, A. R. Z., & Ismail, M. (2020). Long-term mechanical and durable properties of waste tires rubber crumbs replaced GBFS modified concretes. Construction and Building Materials, 256, 119505. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119505 16. Omairey, E. L., Gu, F., & Zhang, Y. (2021). An equation-based multiphysics modelling framework for oxidative ageing of asphalt pavements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124401 17. Peng, C., Hu, X., Yu, Z., Xu, F., Jiang, G., Ouyang, H., . . . Dai, J. (2020). Investigation of anti-icing, anti-skid, and water impermeability performances of an acrylic superhydrophobic coating on asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 264, 120702. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120702 18. Plati, C., Loizos, A., & Gkyrtis, K. (2020). Integration of non-destructive testing methods to assess asphalt pavement thickness. NDT & E International, 115, 102292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102292 19. Polydorou, T., Constantinides, G., Neocleous, K., Kyriakides, N., Koutsokeras, L., Chrysostomou, C., & Hadjimitsis, D. (2020). Effects of pre-treatment using waste quarry dust on the adherence of recycled tyre rubber particles to cementitious paste in rubberised concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 254, 119325. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119325 20. Qiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Lemkus, T., Stoner, A. M. K., Zhang, J., & Cui, Y. (2020). Assessing impacts of climate change on flexible pavement service life based on Falling Weight Deflectometer measurements. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 102908. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2020.102908 21. Rangelov, M., Dylla, H., Mukherjee, A., & Sivaneswaran, N. (2020). Use of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of Pavement Materials in the United States of America (U.S.A.) to Ensure Environmental Impact Reductions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124619. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124619 22. Roychand, R., Gravina, R. J., Zhuge, Y., Ma, X., Youssf, O., & Mills, J. E. (2020). A comprehensive review of the mechanical properties of waste tire rubber concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 237, 117651. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117651 23. Shahjalal, M., Islam, K., Rahman, J., Ahmed, K. S., Karim, M. R., & Billah, A. H. M. M. (2021). Flexural response of fibre reinforced concrete beams with waste tires rubber and recycled aggregate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123842. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123842 24. Shao, J., Zhu, H., Zuo, X., Lei, W., Borito, S. M., Liang, J., & Duan, F. (2020). Effect of waste rubber particles on the mechanical performance and deformation properties of epoxy concrete for repair. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 118008. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118008 25. Shen, Y., Huang, J., Ma, X., Hao, F., & Lv, J. (2020). Experimental study on the free shrinkage of lightweight polymer concrete incorporating waste rubber powder and ceramic. Composite Structures, 242, 112152. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112152 26. Shen, Y., Ma, X., Huang, J., Hao, F., Lv, J., & Shen, M. (2020). Near-zero restrained shrinkage polymer concrete incorporating ceramsite and waste rubber powder. Cement and Concrete Composites, 110, 103584. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103584 27. Siddika, A., Mamun, M. A. A., Alyousef, R., Amran, Y. H. M., Aslani, F., & Alabduljabbar, H. (2019). Properties and utilization of waste tire rubber in concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 224, 711-731. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.108 28. Ungureanu, D., Țăranu, N., Hoa, D., Zghibarcea, Ș., Isopescu, D. N., Boboc, V., . . . Hudișteanu, I. (2020). Accelerated testing of a recycled road structure made with reclaimed asphalt pavement material. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 120658. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120658

© 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1353

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

29. Valizadeh, A., Hamidi, F., Aslani, F., & Shaikh, F. U. A. (2020). The effect of specimen geometry on the compressive and tensile strengths of self-compacting rubberised concrete containing waste rubber granules. Structures, 27, 16461659. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.07.069 30. Wang, C., Fu, H., Ma, W., Zhang, Z., Ji, X., & Han, X. (2020). Combination design and performance evaluation of the conductive bonding layer for asphalt pavement active deicing. Construction and Building Materials, 263, 121037. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121037 31. Yang, Q., & Zhou, S. (2020). Theoretical analysis of pavement deflection response sensitivity under steady-state excitation.

International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2020.08.002 BIOGRAPHIES: MANISH KUMAR BHARDWAJ, M.E Student Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Completed Bachelors from Chandigarh, University.

Š 2020, IRJET

|

Impact Factor value: 7.529

|

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

|

Page 1354