International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF AERODYNAMIC WINGS OF FORMULA ONE RACING CAR Pritam Pain1, Deep Dewan2, Arighna De3 1Dept.
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Polytechnic College, Barasat, West Bengal, India 3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------2Dept.
Abstract: The aim of this report is to introduce the design and simulation of aerodynamic wings that is generally used in formula one racing cars. In this paper, the basic concept of aerodynamics, related terms are described. From the design of aerodynamic wings to the simulation of the wings using Solidworks 2016 well described in this paper.
Fourth, a ground vehicle has fewer degrees of freedom than an aircraft, and its motion is less affected by aerodynamic forces. Fifth, passenger and commercial ground vehicles have very specific design constraints such as their intended purpose, high safety standards and certain regulations.
Key Words: Aerodynamics, Wings, Solidworks, Simulation
CONCEPT OF DRAG AND DOWNFORCE:
INTRODUCTION:
Motor sports are all about maximum performance, to be the fastest is the absolute. There is nothing else. To be faster power is required, but there is a limit to how much power can be put on the ground. To increase this limit, force to ground must be applied on the wheels. Increasing weight can do this, but weight makes handling worse and require more power. So, we need some virtual weight, we call it downforce and get it from airflow around the car.
Aerodynamics is the study of motion of air, particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane and automobile wing. It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air. The formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier.
Typically, the term "lift" is used when talking about any kind of aerodynamically induced force acting on a surface. This is then given an indicator, either "positive lift" (up) or "negative lift" (down) as to its direction. In aerodynamics of ground racing (cars, bikes, etc.) the term "lift" is generally avoided as its meaning is almost always implied as positive, i.e., lifting the vehicle off the track. The term "downforce", therefore, should always be implied as negative force, i.e., pushing the vehicle to the road.
AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS: Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. Its main goals are reducing drag and wind noise, minimizing noise emission, and preventing undesired lift forces and other causes of aerodynamic instability at high speeds. Air is also considered a fluid in this case. For some classes of racing vehicles, it may also be important to produce downforce to improve traction and thus cornering abilities.
Both the drag force and the downforce are proportional to the square of the velocity of a car. The drag force is given by: Fdrag = 0.5CdAV² where is: Fdrag - Aerodynamic drag Cd- Coefficient of drag D- Air density A- Frontal area V- Object velocity
COMPARISON WITH AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS: Automotive aerodynamics differs from aircraft aerodynamics in several ways. First, the characteristic shape of a road vehicle is much less streamlined compared to an aircraft.
Cd is the coefficient of drag determined by the exact shape of the car and its angle of attack. The downforce is given by:
Second, the vehicle operates very close to the ground, rather than in free air. Third, the operating speeds are lower(and aerodynamic drag varies as the square of speed).
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Fdown = 0.5ClAV² where is:
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