International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Analysis of Catalytic Converter of Automobile Engine. Nagareddy Gadlegaonkar1, Vaibhav Patil2, Vedantsingh Pardeshi3, Titiksha Bajgude4, Asif Patel5 1Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GHRCEM, Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Mechanical Engineering, GHRCEM, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------2,3,4,5Student,
Abstract - A major part of the air pollution caused is due to the vehicular emission which is increasing at an alarming rate. The different types of vehicles like car, bus, truck etc. contribute a way as well as play a dominant duty in increasing air pollution. These vehicles find its running source mainly from the extracts of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel. The fuels undergo combustion to generate energy so as to support the vehicle for duty. The incomplete combustion of the fuels in the engine paves a way for production of products like the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. A high emission level is therefore a proved result.
In Internal combustion Engines loose a small amount of work due to exhausting of burnt gases from the cylinder and the admission of fresh charge into the cylinder. This loss of power due to gas exchange process is due to pumping gas from lower inlet pressure to higher exhaust pressure. The gas exchange processes affects the volumetric efficiency of the engine. The performance of the engine, to a great deal, depends on the volumetric efficiency. During the exhaust stroke when the piston moves from bottom dead centre to top dead centre, pressure rises and gases are pushed into exhaust pipe. Thus the power required to drive the exhaust gases is called the exhaust stroke loss and increase in speed increases the exhaust stroke loss.
For the purpose of forcing the fuel to have efficient combustion and for reduction of the emission levels for reducing air pollution a wide range of processes are applicable. These include improvising engine design, fuel pre-treatment etc. Among these wide ranges of options available catalytic converter is found to be a better way for establishing an efficient combustion in the controller engine of the vehicle. Usage of noble group metal is an effective way for effective combustion like the platinum group metal serves way good for reducing the exhausts. With the help of secondary measures efficiency of the engine is improved as well. The techniques are still under development as because there are some limitations of the catalytic converters which are needed to be dealt with but the application of this technique has better achievement points as well.
Therefore it is clear from the above discussion that the net work output per cycle from the engine is dependent on the pumping work consumed, which is directly proportional to the backpressure. To minimize the pumping work, the backpressure must be as low as possible for obtaining the maximum output from the engine. The backpressure is directly proportional to the pressure drop across the catalytic converter or design of complete exhaust system components causing the back pressure. Therefore exhaust system components and devices such as catalytic converter, in this case must be designed for minimum backpressure so that it should not disturb the engine as well as other subsystems operation. The present work therefore is an attempt to reduce exhaust emissions using copper as a catalyst without affecting engine performance.
Key Words: CFD, Catalytic Converter, Particulate Matter (PM), Wire Mesh.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK
1. INTRODUCTION
i.
The simplest and the most effective way to reduce NOx and PM, is to go for the after treatment of exhaust. Devices developed for after treatment of exhaust emissions includes thermal converters or reactors, traps or filters for particulate matters and catalytic converters. The most effective after treatment for reducing engine emission is the catalytic converter found on most automobiles and other modern engines of medium or large size. The catalyst and filter materials placed inside the catalytic converter increase back pressure. This increase in back pressure causes more fuel consumption, and in most cases, engine stalling might happen. The presence of catalytic converter increase back pressure in engine.
Š 2019, IRJET
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Impact Factor value: 7.211
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To understand the concept of conventional catalytic converter very well and depending on that overcomes the various negative aspects. To improve the performance of conventional catalytic converter by changing its design criteria. To minimize the backpressure effect on engine by changing and testing the honeycomb structure of catalyst. To determine Pressure and velocity analysis of catalytic converter of an Automobile Engine. To examine various design parameter of catalyst of automobile catalytic converter. To evaluate the effect of CO exhaust gas mass fraction via catalyst.
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