SECURING FUTURE CONNECTIVITY: An Extensive Analysis on 5G Network Security

SECURING FUTURE CONNECTIVITY: An Extensive Analysis on 5G Network Security

Athira Krishna M P1, Anu Eldho2 , Rini T Paul 3

1Student, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius college of Engineering, Kerala,India

2Professor, Dept of computer science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius college of Engineering ,Kerala,India

3Professor, Dept of computer science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius college of Engineering ,Kerala,India ***

Abstract - One crucial component of the deployment of 5G technology is 5G cellular network security. The way we use and engage with technology is about to undergo a radical change thanks to the fifth generation of mobile networks, whichalsopresentsnewsecurityproblemsandopportunities. Since 5G networks are expected to be more intricate and interconnectedthanthoseofpreviousgenerations,strongand all-encompassing security measures will be necessary to guarantee that confidential and safe sensitive data is transferredoverthe networkfromcyber-attacks.Itisthejoint responsibilityofnetworkoperators,devicemanufacturers,and service providers to ensure the security of 5G networks. Network administrators must enforce stringent security measuresandmakesurethatsecurity isincorporatedintothe network architecture from the beginning. It is the responsibilityofdevicemanufacturerstoguaranteethattheir products are patched quickly, have the most recent security software and hardware, and are safe. In addition to putting policies in place to identify and handle security problems, service providers need to assume accountability for the security of the apps and services they provide.

Key Words: D2D,SDN,HDNET

1.INTRODUCTION

Theexisting4G/InternationalMobileTelecommunications (IMT)-Advanced Systems are not as capable as the fifth generation (5G) of wireless systems, which represents a breakthrough in mobile wireless telecommunications. Beyond merely being a cellular network, 5G is an allencompassingsystemwithdistinctfeaturesandobjectives thatunlockamultitudeofserviceopportunities.Oneofthe primarygoalsof5Gistoprovidemobile broadbandusers withdensernetworksandhigherbandwidththan4G.The integration of massive machine-type communications and device-to-device(D2D)communicationscapabilitiesmakes the network more flexible. Furthermore, 5G planning includes enhancements for Internet of Things (IoT) implementation,withafocusonlowlatencyandlowenergy usage.Thegroundbreakingnatureof5Gwirelesssystemsis furtherdemonstratedbyitseightkeycharacteristics:100% coverage, an astounding 99.999% availability, 1000 times more bandwidth per unit area, ultra-fast (1–10 Gbps) connectionstofieldendpoints,anastounding1millisecond latency, the ability to connect 10-100 times more devices,

andupto10yearsofbatterylifeforlow-powerdevices.For 5Gsystemstomeetthesehigh-performancegoals,avariety of cutting-edge technologies are used. Among these are networkslicing,D2Dcommunications,mmWave,softwaredefinednetworks(SDN),heterogeneousnetworks(HetNet), massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and network functions virtualization (NFV). Despite these advancements,thestandardizationprocessfor5Gwireless technology is still in its early stages. Security of wireless communications is a hot topic, and 5G offers unique prospectsanddifficultiesinthisfield.Securityfeatureslike secrecy, integrity, and authentication can be provided, althoughtherearelimitationsduetothelimitedbandwidth ofthebroadcastformat.Moderncellularnetworksprovide securitythreatsatthemediaaccesscontrollayer(MAC)and physical layer (PHY) because of potential attacks, vulnerabilities, and privacy issues. Features like communication route protection, mutual authentication between the network and user equipment (UE), and user identitymanagementareincludedinconventionalsecurity designs for voice and data security. One example of how legacycellularnetworksprovideahighdegreeofsecurity anddependabilityisLongTermEvolution(LTE).

Both encryption of user communication and mutual authenticationbetweenUEsandbasestationsarestandard operations.However,because5Ghasspecialqualitieslike lowlatencyandexcellentenergyefficiency,therearefurther security concerns. This paper explores the quickly developingfieldofsecurityprotocolsdesignedtosatisfy5G network specifications. It carefully looks at how different state-of-the-art technologies, such as device-to-device interactions, heterogeneous networks, software-defined networks (SDN), massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO),andtheInternetofThings(IoT),activelycontribute toimprovingtheoverallsecurityframeworkof5Gnetworks. Examiningthesecutting-edgetechnologieshighlightshow 5G'ssecurityenvironmentisdynamicandhowconventional methodsmightnotbesufficienttohandlethenewthreats thatarisefromthisgeneration'suniquecharacteristics.For example, the Internet of Things brings a variety of networkeddevices,thereforestrongsecuritymeasuresare requiredtoensuretheintegrityofdatatransfer.Likethis, software-defined networks offer new factors to ensure securecommunication whilealsoprovidingflexibilityand programmability to network management. While they

further improve the 5G environment, massive MIMO, heterogeneousnetworks,anddevice-to-deviceinteractions alsoposenewsecuritychallenges.To ensuretheintegrity and dependability of the upcoming wave of wireless networks, it is becoming more and more important to address and resolve these security vulnerabilities proactivelyas5Gnetworkscontinuetodevelop.

To create a secure and robust 5G ecosystem, researchers, industry professionals, and technology developers must work together. They are vital to strengthening the foundationsof5Gnetworksandguaranteeingthattheynot onlymeetbutsurpassthestrictspecificationsforreliability andintegrityinwirelesscommunicationsbyresearchingand puttingintopracticecutting-edgesecuritymethods.

In summary, the ever-changing landscape of 5G security necessitates constant innovation and adaptation, and stakeholder efforts working together are critical to effectivelytacklingthesedifficultiesastheyarise.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Thegoalofthe5Gcellularnetworksecurityliteraturereview istothoroughlyevaluatethecurrentlevelofsecurityin5G networks,withafocusonidentifyingandanalyzingdifferent security concerns as well as investigating suggested solutions. Vulnerabilities like eavesdropping and radio frequencyinterferencearebroughttolightwhenexamining the physical layer, which emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehendandprotectagainstunauthorizedaccess.Akey componentof5G,networkslicingallowscustomizednetwork segmentsforarangeofusecases.However,italsopresents risksassociatedwithmisconfigurationsandvulnerabilitiesin particularslices,whichcouldresultinillegalaccessorservice interruptions. The inclusion of edge computing in 5G increases the attack surface, so it is important to pay attention to making sure edge nodes and device-to-edge communication are secure. In addition, the evaluation exploresthesecurityimplicationsofdevice-to-device(D2D) communication, acknowledging that while it can improve connection, there are risks associated with it as well that mustberesolvedtohaveastrongsecurityframeworkin5G networks.Bydoingso,theliteraturestudyhopestoshedlight onhow5Gsecurityisdeveloping,provideaframeworkfor comprehending and resolving present issues, and suggest workablesolutions. Throughtheirwork,sungmoonKwon [1] validates session management techniques that verify a range of session management strategies. Broadening the focus,theliteratureanalysisincludesadetailedassessmentof securitysolutionsthatareobtainableoverthe5Gnetwork and provides a thorough comparison of their functionality withothergoodsthatareonthemarket.Throughadetailed examination based on the NSS performance evaluation criteria, researchers provide insights into the efficacy and efficiency of these security measures. By comparing the performance to currently available goods, the comparison highlightsthenecessityofactualdatatosupportanyclaims

ofsuperiority.Whenanewpointisintroduced,itisassumed thatanewcontrolgrouphasbeenfound,necessitatingextra proof to support the claim that the control group's performanceevaluationdataisstilluptodate.Crucially,the assessment emphasizes that the suggested session managementmethodcanbeusedanywhereifthenetwork complieswith5GSA(Standalone)requirements,provingits adaptabilityinavarietyofsettings.

MAwaisJaved[2].Thispaperexploresseveralissuesrelated totheimpendingrolloutof5Gnetworks,lookingforwardto theiruniqueandsophisticatedconnectioncharacteristicsthat are defined by automation, virtualization, and centralized resource management. To strengthen defenses against network-based jamming attacks, two significant security flaws unprotected re-authenticated traffic and the vulnerability of commonly used wireless channels are noted and must be addressed. Beyond these worries, the conversation also covers the use of specialized security featuresin5Gapplications,suchasInternetofThings(IoT), HetNet(HeterogeneousNetworks),D2D(Device-to-Device communication),M-MIMO(MassiveMultiple-InputMultipleOutput),andSDN(Software-DefinedNetworking).Theessay isnoteworthyforitsin-depthexaminationofSDN'sfunction in delivering autonomous security and centralized control within5Gultra-densenetworks(UDN).Toovercomethese issues, the essay emphasizes how strategically integrating SDN, NFV (Network Functions Virtualization), and cloud computing can provide flexibility, improved network security,andhugeconnectivityinthe5Gecosystem.Overall, theessayoffersa thoroughanalysisofthemostimportant securityissuesinthenext5Geraandshedslightonviable fixesthatmakeuseofcutting-edgetechnologiestocreatea morerobustandsecurenetworkinfrastructure.KeXiao[3] Withtheupcomingreleaseof5Gtechnology,therewillbea greater focus on using high frequencies, specifically in the millimeter-wave (mm Wave) spectrum because of its significantlylargeraccessiblebandwidth.Thedevelopment anddeploymentofmicrocellnetworks,whichareessential tothearchitectureof5Gnetworks,dependonthisfocuson mm Wave frequencies. Nonetheless, there are numerous difficulties brought about by the quick development of millimeter-wavesystems,especiallyregardingthesafetyof physical layer (PHY) protocols. The complexity of security issues in 5G millimeter-wave small cell network PHYs is exploredinthispaper,whichalsolooksatseveralessential communication technologies like Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)andMultipleInputMultipleOutput(MIMO). Itseekstoprovideinsightontheuniquesecurityissuesthat ariseinthemillimeter-wavebandbyexaminingthesubtleties of these technologies. Creating a thorough grasp of the security environment via the lens of 5G millimeter-wave small cell communication technologies is one of the main goals of this investigation. The paper presents a Radio Tomography(RT)basedcommunicationchannelmodelusing numerical experiments,providinganaccuratedepictionof the 5G mm Wave small cell environment. The paper

demonstrates through these experiments how the secrecy capacityofthemmWavebandisstronglyinfluencedbythe richnessoftheRadioFrequency(RF)environment.Through its discussion of the security issues surrounding small cell networksandmillimeterwavefrequencies,thepaperadds significant perspective to the current discussion on 5G technologysecurity.

Abdel-Maleketal[4]Aspreviouslyindicated,thisresearch focuses on resolving the security flaws related to the 5G Device-to-Device(D2D)ProximityServices(ProSe)standard. SincedronesareamongthemostcommonInternetofThings (IoT) devices that are primed to take advantage of 5G services, the suggested solution has been painstakingly customized for this particular use case. However, it's importanttounderstandthatthisarchitecturemightbeused in a wide range of different IoT devices in a variety of industries,suchasmedicalandautomotivenetworks. This study'sfundamentalpremiseisthat,inaswarmofdrones, onlyonedroneiscellularlyreachableandfunctionsasadata relay.Theotherdronesintheswarmthenlinkdirectlytothis designated leader drone using D2D. As a User Equipment (UE)-to-Network Relay in the described architecture, the leaderdroneplaysacriticalroleinenablingcommunication between the other drones in the swarm and the 5G core network.Mutual authenticationisimpliedbythiscomplex configuration, guaranteeing a safe and reliable communicationchannel betweenthedroneleaderandthe otherdrones.Droneswerealogicalchoiceforthisresearch's mainemphasisbecauseoftheirpopularityandextensiveuse in a variety of industries. This research expands the applicationofthe5GD2DProSestandardtoawiderrangeof IoTdevicesbyprotectingthecommunicationchannelswithin adroneswarm.Byemphasizingmutualauthentication,the securitypostureisfurtherstrengthenedandareliableand strongcommunicationenvironmentisestablishedbetween the leader drones and the linked devices. Essentially, this cooperative endeavor not only tackles security issues concerning drone communication, but also establishes the foundationforexpandingthesesecurityprotocolstoawide range of IoT devices across many sectors. This study's demonstration of the shift from centralized to distributed communicationarchitecturesisanexcellentexampleofhow everyone is working together to improve security in the contextof5GnetworksandIoTecosystems.

SławomirKuklin´ski[5]Assaidbefore,theirmaingoalisto fix the security holes in the 5G Proximity Services (ProSe) Device-to-Device (D2D) standard. Since they recognized drones as one of the most widely used Internet of Things (IoT)devicesthatwouldbeabletoutilize5Gservices,they customizedtheirsolutionspecificallyforthedroneusecase. Thismakestheirsolutionunique.Althoughtheirsolutionhas been expressly created to address the security concerns related to drones, it's important to keep in mind that the samearchitecturemayfinduseinawiderangeofotherIoT devicesacrossawiderangeofindustries,includingmedical

and automotive networks.In the proposed scenario, they functiononthepremisethat,inaswarmofdrones,thereis onlyonedronethatisincellularrange,whichfunctionsasa leaderdroneordatarelay.Theotherdronesintheswarm connectDevice-to-Device(D2D)tothisleadingdroneinthis distributed design. As a User Equipment (UE)-to-Network Relay, the leader drone plays a crucial role in enabling smoothcommunicationbetweenthe5Gcorenetworkandthe otherdronesintheswarm.Mutualauthenticationmustbe used in this complex configuration to guarantee that the leaderdronesandtheotherlinkeddevicescreateareliable and safe communication environment. The deliberate selectionofdronesasthecentralcomponentoftheirsolution is indicative of the growing ubiquity of these gadgets and theirwiderangeofusesindifferentsectors.Theycontribute to both the drone industry and the larger IoT device ecosystembyutilizingthe5GD2DProSestandardtosecure the communication channels within a drone swarm. With reciprocal authentication, possible security risks and vulnerabilities present in the 5G D2D ProSe standard are reduced,improvingthe overall security posture. Thus,our study serves as evidence of the flexibility and wide applicabilityofsecuritysolutionsdesignedforparticularuse casesintherapidlychangingcontextof5GnetworksandIoT ecosystems.

Salima Smaoui [6] It is expected that 5G mobile cellular networksinthefuturewillsupportawiderangeofneedsand creative use cases. High-speed data rates which are particularlyimportantformobility andtheguaranteeofa stableanddependablenetworksecuritysystemarethemain concernsofusers.TheThirdGenerationPartnershipProject (3GPP)releaseditsinitialsetof5GsecuritystandardsinJune andDecemberof2018,whichweresignificantadvancesin response to these changing needs. Although security has improved significantly over the past few generations, our collaborative research with other researchers exposes multiplesecurity-relatedassumptionsinthesystemlogicand multiple protocol edge scenarios that leave 5G systems vulnerable to different types of attacks. Researchers work together to present SEL-AKA, a simple, efficient, and safe methodforkeyagreementandauthentication.Notonlyare vulnerabilitiesbeingfound,butcreativefixesarealsobeing offeredtostrengthen5Gnetworks'securityframework.The studyhighlights thecollaborative endeavorsofscholarsin tackling security issues and shows their unwavering dedicationtoaugmentingthesecurityanddependabilityof forthcoming5Gnetworks.

Sergiy Gnat Yuk [7] This paper presents an extensive technique designed to assess security key indicators in moderncellularnetworks.Anevaluationofthesenetworks' current security configurations is an essential first step towardimprovingdatatransmissionsecurity.However,there isadrawbacktotheexistingassessmentapproachesinuse: theyareunabletodistinguishbetweenthekeyperformance andqualitymetricsrelatedtospecificservicesprovidedby

mobile operators. Consequently, this restriction makes it more difficult to monitor service delivery security and modernize cellular networks. This study's methodology closesthisgapbyemphasizingimportantperformanceand qualitymetrics.Thesemeasuresserveasthecornerstoneof an extensive summary table that includes formulae for calculating these vital parameters. This table gives more flexibilityinevaluatingthesecurityofservicesrenderedby cellular networks, based on statistical data received from individualusers.Throughtheidentificationandresolutionof theseprimaryissues,themethodologyimprovesthecapacity to discover security flaws and obstacles in contemporary cellularnetworks.Essentially,thisstudyoffersamethodical andrealisticstrategytoattainsecurityincellularnetworks, inadditiontoadvocatingforamorenuancedassessmentof such security. The described methodology is a useful resourceforresearchersandpractitionersalike,providinga systematic framework for evaluating and enhancing the securitypostureofmoderncellularnetworksandultimately bolstering the overall resilience and robustness of the telecommunicationsinfrastructure

ShaileshPramodBendale[8]Theintroductionof5Gmobile wirelessnetworkshasraisedseveralsecurityissues,calling for a careful examination and comprehension of the environment. To fully understand the subtle differences, a detailed comparison of the upcoming 5G mobile wireless network and the current 4G cellular network is necessary. Thepriorityistoprovideathoroughexplanationofthenew standards and unique characteristics of the 5G network, illuminatingthereasonsforthedevelopmentsin5GMobile Security. An essential component of this research is a thoroughanalysisofthesecurityissuesandhazardsrelated tothe5Gmobilewirelessnetwork.Understandinghowthe threat landscape is changing is essential to putting strong security measures in place. As such, it is necessary to investigate the most recent changes made to the security services that the 5G mobile network offers. This covers a wide range of topics and includes crucial elements such device authentication, network accessibility in particular places,dataprivacy,confidentiality,andintrusiondetection. Thesecurityarchitecturemustbeimprovedsignificantlyin this paradigm shift from 4G to 5G to handle the changing expectationsandobstacles.Duringtheshift,itisnecessaryto beawareofthepossiblehazardsandtotakeproactivesteps toaddressthem.Thecooperationamongthetelecomsector's members highlights the industry's shared commitment to strengthening the security underpinnings of 5G mobile networks. Theyclear the path fora more robustandsafer mobilewirelessnetworkthatisinlinewiththecutting-edge features and standards brought forth by 5G technology by closelyexaminingandmodifyingsecurityservices.

MohammadShurman[9]Amongthekeycomponentsofthe upcoming5Gcellularnetwork,networkslicingstandsoutas aparadigmleapinnetworkarchitecture.Itentailssplitting upasinglephysicalnetworkintoseveralvirtualnetworks,

eachspecificallydesignedtoaccomplishdifferentobjectives including improved security, flexibility, and control. This novelmethodmakesiteasiertoisolatedevices,services,and corenetworkslogically,enablingseparateconfigurationsfor variousfeaturesandservicekinds.Thefocusofthisstudyis ontheend-to-endnetworkslicingideain5Gnetworks,and how it may be used to isolate slices, improve overall performance, and lower latency, especially for critical applications. The 5G infrastructure's ability to handle a variety of services and applications more effectively and individuallyismadepossiblebythelogicalisolationthatis obtainedthroughnetworkslicing.Thestudyusessimulation datafromtheNS-3networksimulatortoverifytheefficacyof this strategy. The results of these simulations validate the statements made about performance and latency enhancements.Thisempiricaldatahighlightstheadvantages andpracticalramificationsofdeployingnetworkslicingin5G networks in addition to supporting the study's theoretical underpinnings.Essentially,themoveto5Gnetworksinvolves more than just faster speeds; it also involves a complete redesign of network architecture, which is typified by characteristicslikenetworkslicing.Together,theseindustry professionalshaveundertakenresearchthatdemonstrates their dedication to investigating and verifying novel approaches that not only fulfill but surpass performance, latency,andsecurityrequirementsintherapidlychanging5G cellularnetworkenvironment.

KashifMunir[10]Thestudyarticlesuggestsanovelapproach toguaranteefault-toleranceandsecureDistributedMobility Management(DMM)activities.Thisnewmethodeffectively manages locations in a distributed fashion by using a distributedhashtableofaccessnodes.Thismethodprovides anorganizedandeffectivewaytomapthelocationbinding informationofMobileNodes(MNs)andthenetworkprefixes of access nodes on a Chord circle. The proposed method's inclusionofareplicationtechniqueisacrucialcomponent. Therestrictionsandvulnerabilitiesrelatedtoasinglecentral location server are addressed by this deliberate inclusion. The replication technique improves the system's fault tolerancebyreducingvulnerabilitiestoassaultsandsingle points of failure. It also removes traffic jams that could seriouslyhinderthetimelyadditionandupdateoflocation binding data for MNs. Additionally, the method reduces lengthy response times for location queries issued by CorrespondentNodes(CNs),whichboostsDMMoperations' overalleffectiveness.Theimportanceofdecentralizationin the suggested approach is shown by the focus on location server dispersion. The researchers hope to strengthen the system'srobustnessandresilienceagainstpotentialfailures andsecurityconcernsbydispersingthelocationservers.The transition of DMM operations from a centralized to a distributedapproachshowsadedicationtotacklingmodern mobilenetworkmanagementissues.

3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Comparativestudiesemphasizechangestosecurityservices and security challenges during the 4G–5G transition. To improvespeedandreducelatencyforvariousapplications, network slicing is investigated as a crucial component. Furthermore, to reduce the risks related to centralized servers, novel techniques for fault-tolerant distributed location management in 5G networks are suggested. Ultimately,byaddressingissuesandofferingsolutionsfrom a variety of approaches and viewpoints, these studies providea thoroughgraspof thechanginglandscapeof 5G cellularnetworksecurity.Insummary,thisstudyhighlights the value of a distributed strategy in overcoming the drawbacks of a centralized location server in addition to presentinganoveltechniqueforsafeandfaulttolerantDMM operations. This study's combined efforts serve as an excellent example of the researchers' dedication to furtheringthesubjectofmobilenetworkmanagement.

Table -1: various methods and their evaluations

SL.no AUTHOR METHODS USED MERITS

1 Sungmoon Kwon et.al[1]

2 M Awais Javed et.al [2]

Suggested a successful detection methodforthe IPSec disable attack and PFCP-in-GTP.

DDOS/DoS mitigation and the use of sophisticated authentication techniquesfora more dependable cellular communication network

3 KeXiaoetal [3] Created a secure channel model for 5G millimeter Wavesmallcell communication based on ray tracing.

4 Abdel-Malek etal.[4] A Proxy Signature-Based Drone Authentication in 5G D2D Networks

Evaluates the differences in performance between a 5G IPS system and traditional NGFWs using the used scheme.

Increased authentication.

5 Sławomir Kuklinetal [5]

Digitalforensic techniqueswere usedtoconduct an analysis of the GSM network.

6 Salima Smaouiet.al [6]

KeyAgreement Protocol (SELAKA)ofthe5G cellular network,which providessecure, lightweight,and efficient authentication.

procedures.

SDRormobilephone based low-cost terminals can be utilized for GSM radio channel sniffing.

Safefromavarietyof threats, including those related to secrecy and authentication.

Enhances secrecy capacity.

7 Sergiy Gnatyuk et.al[7]

Aquick,dependable, and lightweight authentication method thatworks with the 5G D2D ProSe standard

8 Shailesh Pramod Bendaleet.al [8]

9 Mohammad Shurman et.al[9]

10 Kashif Munir et.al [10]

3. CONCLUSIONS

An approach that assesses cellularnetwork efficiency and quality of servicemetrics according to security standards

Based on Internet of Things (IoT), (mMIMO), (D2D) and (SDN).

Usesend-to-end networkslicing concept in 5G networksslices prioritizing theminorder

A secure and fault-tolerant mechanismthat uses a distributedhash table

An approach that assesses cellular network efficiency andqualityofservice metricsaccordingto securitystandards.

Provides high availability, confidentiality, and Integrity.

Designsupportsthe requirements of latency,throughput, andavailability.

Assistance with planning and designing the processingneedsfor anANon5Gn/w

5G wireless networks are expected to change the telecom industry by providing better performance and opening a widerangeofnewapplications.Tofullyrealizethepotential of this revolutionary technology, security is essential, and this article explores the most recent developments in 5G wirelesssecurityindetail

An analysis of the current security services offered by 5G networks forms the basis of the analysis. These services cover important areas like privacy, key management, availability, and confidentiality of data. To guarantee the integrity and dependability of 5G communications, it is imperative to comprehend and strengthen these fundamental securitycomponents. The essayexploresthe securityconsequencesofdeployingcutting-edgetechnology inthecontextof5G,inadditiontothewell-knownsecurity services.Itisprojectedthatnewsecurityfeatureswouldbe introduced to the 5G paradigm by technologies including Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Internet of Things (IoT),hugeMultiple-InputMultiple-Output(MIMO),Deviceto-Device (D2D) communication, and heterogeneous networks(HetNet).Thesetechnologiesarecomplex;thus,a summary of their security considerations is required. ExaminingsecurityinthecontextofHetNetentailstackling issues related to the amalgamation of several network topologies. While huge MIMO poses challenges relating to securing a large array of connected antennas, D2D communication raises questions concerning direct and securedeviceinteractions.Conversely,SDNandIoTpresent distinct security issues, ranging from network programmability to overseeing the security of networked devices. The distilled summary of these security issues highlightsthevarietyandintricacyofsecurityissuesthatare emerginginthecontextof5G.Itemphasizesthenecessityof an all-encompassing and flexible security framework that can change quickly to keep up with technological breakthroughs.Tobuildconfidenceinthedependabilityand securityofthedeveloping5Gecosystem,itiscriticaltosolve thesesecurityissuesas5Gnetworksbecomethefoundation of communication for a variety of applications, from driverlesscarstosmartcities.

REFERENCES

[1] Sungmoon Kwon,” Session Management for Security Systemsin5GStandaloneNetwork”

[2] MAwaisJaved”5GSecurityArtifacts(DoS/DDoSand Authentication”

[3] [3]KeXiao,WeiLi,MichelKadoch,andChenLi”Onthe SecrecyCapacityof5GMmWaveSmallCellNetworks”

[4] Abdel-Malek” A Proxy Signature-Based Drone Authenticationin5GD2DNetworks”

[5] SławomirKuklin´”EvaluationofPrivacyandSecurityof GSMUsingLow-CostMethods

[6] Salima Smaou” A Secure Efficient and Lightweight authenticationprotocolfor5Gcellularnetworks:SELAKA”

[7] Shailesh Pramod Bendale”Security Threats and ChallengesinFutureMobileWirelessNetworks”

[8] SergiyGnatyuk”SecurityKeyIndicatorsAssessmentfor ModernCellularNetworks”

[9] MohammadShurman,”PerformanceEnhancementin5G CellularNetworksUsingPrioritiesinNetworkSlicing”

[10] KashifMunir” A secureand fault-tolerant mechanism thatusesadistributedhashtableHelpindesigningand planningtheprocessing requirementsonanAN in5G networks.”