Solar Water Heating Integration in Buildings: Energy and Cost-Benefit

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Solar Water Heating Integration in Buildings: Energy and Cost-Benefit Neel Shrimali1 1Assistant Manager, Udyog Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------thermal" in 2021 which is almost "4.4%" as compared to the Abstract - A wide range of advancements based on the proponents of non-zero buildings (NZEBs) have acted as a prime ideology behind farming the aim of this report. It is important to focus on adopting sustainable sources of energy for solar-based water heaters so that the highest end of energy efficiency has been accomplished based on cost-effective components.

energy requirements of the previous year [8]. The increasing rate of sales in this domain also has been witnessed based on adopting new policy formulations by the underlying governments in this regard.

Key Words: Solar water heaters, Energy-efficiency, costbenefit features, integration in buildings.

The main inclination towards the accomplishment of the solar water heating processes in buildings lies over the conventional heating systems exhibit effective potential in decreasing the level of fossil fuel consumption along with the pollutant production and greenhouse gas emissions. In this case, the application of steam is mainly produced based on using the boiler or the steam generator which can save almost "70-80%" of electricity [6]. By implementing this kind of system, a residence can save a high amount of electricity as compared to fuel bills by replacing “conventional water heaters” with “solar water heaters”. The enhancement of the population in society fosters the need for affordable housing that integrates towards achieving suitable features based on implementing the solar-based heater in the daily scenario.

This arrangement of the systems not only provides energy efficiency aspects but also provides a cost-effective scenario too.

1.2. Problem Statement

1. Introduction 1.1. Background “Solar water heating systems” incorporate a device that helps in heating the associated water by using the Sun’s energy, which is also regarded as one of the renewable energy sources. Solar water heating (SWH) systems are also treated as one of the most inexpensive and relatively efficient ways of integrating the key element that is required to be deployed by the accomplishments of renewable energies in the region. The same also helps in improving the energy efficiency quotient of the buildings through the incorporation of simple technology along with its last payback period [5]. It is important to focus on the “thermoeconomic performance” of the solar after-heating systems based on the design so that effective modification has been developed based on the heat transfer fluids. Effective utilization of solar collectors has been done in this process to meet the thermal loads that have been associated with space heating and domestic hot water.

1.3. Aim and Objectives The main aim of the research processes entails in integration bi of solar power heating based on the rapid usage in the buildings based on achieving an enhanced set of costeffective benefits that also pose energy-efficient aspects.

This research process also contains some objectives too, that includes: 

To deploy effective usage of the solar power heaters in the buildings so that energy savings aspects have been achieved.



To identify the issues faced in conventional heating processes so that the same has been resolved by adopting the solar power heaters.



To reduce the high-end usage of fossil fuel in traditional water heaters based on the renewable source of energy of solar power heater.



To recommend some effective strategies so that the energy-efficient along with cost-effective features

Figure 1: Analyzing the solar water heating capacity globally until 2021.

Based on analyzing the above graph, it can be said that the SWH capacity has reached a peak of almost "522 gigawatts

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has been achieved based on the accomplishment integration of solar power heaters.

that the understanding has been improved. All the benefits of solar water eaters also have been depicted along with its detailed working principle so that effective information has been extracted.

1.4. Research Questions 

How the cost-effective forms have been achieved based on the deployment of solar power heaters?

2.2 Importance of Solar water heating Integration in buildings



What are the issues faced in the conventional water heaters that require to be resolved by the rapid use of SWH?



How the usage of fossil fuel has been reduced based on the introduction of solar power heaters?



What are the adopted strategies required to be taken so that an effective means of benefits has been witnessed?

Solare water heating is important in residential buildings as this is a sustainable option for water heating in buildings.

The water of the model is used to increase the temperature of the building and to convert “solar energy” into heat. The renewable energy source makes this an efficient solution for heating the water temperature. The water temperature increases due to the use of heating techniques in this process. The water of the collector gets heated due to the use of the solar panel in this model. The solar panel model uses sunlight for heating the water and then the water is used for multiple tasks. This is an effective and efficient model of water heating that uses renewable energy sources [19].

Using electricity for the “water heating” increases the temperature of the water but this is not the cost-effective solution and also has a big impact on the environment. The integration of the solar “water heater” increases the efficiency of the model to generate heat and increase the water temperature.

1.5. Rationale The main problem lies in the conventional water heating systems that mainly use the electricity generated by fossil fuel which has been regarded as a non-renewable source of energy [7]. The depletion level of that energy sources along with the enhanced rate of the population has been regarded as an effective point of concern in this regard.

The main problem as of now as the conventional processes of water heaters do not resilient to the energy-efficient features that have been achieved based on the adoption of “solar water heaters” in a cost-effective form.

The research process sheds light on transforming the needs of the water heater by the accomplishment of solar power where the demand has reached the peak level of almost "522 gigawatts" thermal in 2021 which is almost 4.4%" as compared to the previous years.

1.6. Summary

Figure 2: Integration in building

Based on analyzing the overall research process, it can be stated that the rapid usage of the solar power heater has been required to be enhanced so that effective benefits have been extracted from it. Improving energy-efficient features has been accomplished in this process based on rapid technological accomplishment in Solar energy so that a suitable set of features has been accomplished.

The integration of the “solar water heater” enhances the efficiency of water heating and makes this a good and efficient solution for water heating. The solar water heater increases the water temperature using the sunlight. Sunlight is a “renewable source” of energy that is used in this project.

Renewable energy reduces the energy requirement for water heating and this is found that this also makes this effective to solve the issue related to environmental pollution and high cost. The cost of the project reduces after using this model as there is no requirement for electricity for the water heating task [20]. The efficiency of the model is high as compared to other “solar water heater model” and this model can generate electricity from sunlight which is an environmentfriendly option for this project. The integration of this model in the building solves the issue related to water heating and then this is used for the power generation. The energy of the sun is a continuous source of energy that is used in this

2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Solar water greater fosters an effective ideology of net-zero emission in buildings that have significantly reduced energy consumption along with greenhouse-gas emissions. This chapter demonstrates all the implications of solar water heaters along with their effective integration in buildings so

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project. This makes the task of energy generation more appropriate and solves the issue of high cost.

decrease the electricity bill or assume the learner one stage additional to green occupancy. Before purchasing the "Solar Water Heaters”, the learner is considerably inquisitive to comprehend its benefits. The learner has arrived at the current location that will define the different benefits of “Solar Water Heaters” [11].

2.3 Working principle solar water heater The “solar water heater” uses sunlight and converts the rays of the sun into heat. The collector of the solar panel uses this to generate the heat and then this is used to increase the temperature of the water. Sun rays fall into the surface of the solar collector. The water moving through the collector uses these sun rays to increase the temperature of the fluid. The sun rays are converted into heat in this stage that is used in the building for solving the water heating issue. The energy that comes from sunlight is a renewable source of energy that has very less impact on the environment as compared to other energy sources. “Renewable energy” has less impact on the environment and this renewable energy is used by the solar collector to increase the water temperature. The solar collector collects the light coming from the sunlight and converts that energy into heat then this increases the water temperature. The “solar water heater” uses sunlight and the collector of the solar panel uses this sunlight to convert the rays into heat [21].

Environmental Benefits The “Solar Water Heaters” decrease carbon impressions by 1850 kg per year. If the learner has operated a traditional “Water Heat”, consistently recognizes it operates on “Fossil Fuels”. A traditional “Water Heat” is a carbon imprint of 4000 kg each year, practically two of the “Solar Water Heaters”. The learner can see which the “Solar Water Heaters” have supported to protect their environment by decreasing “Greenhouse Gases”. If the learner has moved to assume green residence or exclusively desires to create occasional approving changes for the improvement of temperament. Hearting their water with the support of “Solar Energy” could be equally environmentally sociable as well as cost-effective. The considerable eco-friendly “Water Heat” learner could have a “Solar Water Heater”. There don’t articulate any “Greenhouse Gases” and different contaminants in the environment. “Solar Heater” operates the energy of rays to one of the primary causes of atmosphere pollution “Fossil Fuels” scorching. Dangerous gasses such as “Sulphur Dioxide”, “Carbon Dioxide”, and many more, have been delivered when “Fossil Fuels” have roasted [12].

Figure 3: Working of solar water heater The model has good efficiency in increasing the temperature of the water without affecting the environment. This model uses the sun's rays to convert the energy into heat, the hot water flows from one portion to another area. Model is used to convert the ray of the sun into heat, the model takes the sun's ray as input and converts that into heat. This heat increases the water temperature and is used in buildings.

The cold water is supplied to the tank then the water is moved upward direction to the solar panel where the collector of the panel converts the sun's rays into heat [22].

Then this move from the solar collector to the twin coil cylinder. Then the water is used for residential tasks.

Figure 4: Benefits of Solar Water Heater The assurance of fossil fuels has to be reduced day by day, and however, fossil fuels do not have so much understanding of their environment. Society and learners are slowly shifting to renewable energy conceptions to conduct their dynamism.

The “Solar Water Heater” in this topic has a most suitable selection. Heating the water swallows a respectable quantity of energy monthly, constructing it a significant benefactor to the elevated electricity statement. Substituting the conventional water heater with a “Solar Water Heater” could eliminate serious quantities of “Fossil Fuel Burn”.

“Solar Water Heaters” have Solar water heaters that are

2.4 Benefits of Using Solar Water Heaters in Buildings “Solar Water Heaters” have environmentally pleasant, endurable instruments to “Heat Water” with practically zero carbon impression. Utilizing “Solar Water Heaters” will

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evolving excessively expected nowadays, and their clarity as well as sustainability, “Solar Water Heaters” appear to be the most comfortable to operate solar-powered devices [13].

Assuming there is analysis for the dissertation suggests that the learner has engaged in the design of understanding.

“Research Philosophy” has an element of this in which thought regarding the method analyses should be achieved, the data should be gathered, or it has then been explored or operated [15].

Usability Benefits Establishing a “Solar Water Heater” is awesome and comfortable or not at every complex. The “Solar Water Heaters” could be separated between occasional components in “Pipes”, “Solar Collectors”, “Pumps”, “Storage Tanks”, and “Regulators”. The learner has required the position of the collector of the canopy there is frivolity other than Photovoltaic Solar enclosure collections.

The learner has to the repository tank wherever appropriate for the learner or secure it to the regulator. “Solar Water Heater” succeeds the ethnicity or generally doesn’t demand particular concentration and caretaking in their prevailing work life. An aggressive while wise determination to elevate to the “Solar Water Heater” would commence producing the learner as soon as the learner establishes one [14].

3.2. Research Design “Research Design” has the structure of “Research Approaches” or methods selected by the learner to accomplish analysis. The design authorizes the learner to point to the “Research Approaches” appropriate for the matter or set up their analyses for conquest. The “Research Design” is a technique for responding to the research query using practical data. Developing a “Research Design'' indicates producing findings about the prevailing research purposes or method. The learner can depend on “Primary Research” and “Secondary Research”. The “Research Design” method is a frequent or structured method of performing analysis. The technique is critical to confirm that the analysis has reasonable, dependable, or assembles significant outcomes.

2.5 Literature Gap This research process includes all the details of the benefits of “solar water heaters in buildings” that also include costeffective and energy-efficient aspects throughout the process. Detailed working principles also have been demonstrated so that effective extraction of knowledge has been accomplished in this regard. However, detailed costbenefit calculations have not been presented in these processes. It is also important to foster additional energy efficiency so that profit maximization has been done in this process.

The various literature studies on design of [23] HD Chaudhary et al. [24-44] Anand Patel et al. for solar air and water heater [45, 46, 47] Patel Anand et al. for hybrid combination of solar heater and heat exchanger in renewable systems [48] Anand Patel et al. for cooling tower [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55] Patel Anand et al. [56] Thakre, Shekhar et al. for heat exchanger [57, 58] Patel Anand et al. for solar cooker where the design of the solar collector components is varied to enhance the heat transfer efficacy by performing thermal performance. It helps to optimize the design of solar water heating integration in building energy with increment of cost benefits.

2.6 Summary Based on the detailed understanding throughout this chapter, it can be stated that the importance of solar water heating has been demonstrated in these processes so that effective suitability has been achieved. The same also includes the effective benefits of solar water heaters so that deployment of the energy-efficiency also has been witnessed.

The benefits of using the same in the buildings have been reflected in this context too.

3.3. Research Approach “Research Approaches” are techniques or methods for analysis that transit the stages from broad deductions to complicated methods of data collection, analysis, and performance. This procedure implicates several determinations choir not to be assumed in the demand in that there creates a purpose to the learner the directive of their production here. The intervening determination concerns which method should be operated to study the case. Declaring this determination should be the intellectual speculations the learner obtains to the analysis processes of query, or exhaustive “Research Approaches” of the data accumulation analysis, or performance [16]. The choice of “Research Approaches” has again established the essence of the analysis issue and the problem being managed, the learner's confidential occasions, or the audiences of the analysis. Therefore, the “Research Approaches”, “Research Design” or “Research Analysis” are 3 key times. Defining the philosophy is connecting research that explains

3. Methodology 3.1. Research Philosophy “Research Philosophy” Counts on the method the learner assumes regarding the consequence of understanding. It has a rather coating in the onion analysis suggested by it.

According to it, there are 3 methods to “Research Philosophy” such as “Epistemology”, “Ontology”, or “Axiology”. “Epistemology” includes sufficient proficiency in the occupation of analysis whereas “Ontology” has discussed the disposition of actuality. “Axiology” analyzes the learner's importance in every phase of the “Research Method”.

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3.6 Data analysis

transmission in the subsequent methods from the broad structure of analysis to the limited techniques of procedure.

Data analysis defines the procedure of checking, cleaning, converting, and interpreting information or data to determine important understandings, draw decisions, and assist in making decisions. It is a very important part of this project as a proper form of analysis of data can help achieve the desired success in the context of this project work.

3.4. Research Strategy The “Research Strategy” directs a step-by-step schedule of movement that provides recommendations for the learner's thought procedure. It facilitates the learner to accomplish the research systematically or on the plan. The primary goal has to present the main features of the analysis like the research case, locations, primary direction, “Research Design” or eventually research analysis. “Research Strategy” supports the learner in selecting the current “Data Collection” or “Analysis Process”. Therefore, it has the highest significance to select the current strategy but instruct the analysis. The observing choice will concentrate on the other varieties of strategies that can be operated.

3.7. Tools and Technologies Tools and technology are also one of the most important parts of a successful project. Various latest and advanced tools and technology are used here in this project to acquire maximum productivity and efficiency. “Photovoltaicthermal collector” is one of the most advanced technologies for solar energy conversion, merging thermal and electric energy exhibition in a device [2]. “Flat Plate Collector (FPC) Solar Water Heater” is also used in these “solar water heating integration” in different buildings. “Vapourcompression heat pump” is already regarded as one of the most appropriate spotless latest technology for a building’s thermal energy requirements [4]. These are some tools and technologies used in recent days for “solar water heating integration” in buildings. MATLAB is used in this project for the design of the structures and better analysis.

3.5. Data Collection Data collection is the process of collecting data or information from various sources for a good knoledge of the subject of choice. “Solar water heating integration in buildings” is a very important thing in recent days but it needs certain research works to achieve maximum efficiency. This is the reason why data collection plays a significant role in the context of this project. Energy and cost benefits are there but it needs certain optimization procedures to follow [1]. Proper optimization techniques can be acquired with the help of a proper collection of researched data. Data has been collected through different sources such as previously done research papers, journals, books, surveys, interviews, and several other things.

3.8 Software Feasibility MATLAB is used here in this project for the betterment of the project design. It implements and tests various important algorithms very easily and also allows creating the codes for computation smoothly. MATLAB operates a big database of different built-in algorithms and processes still pictures and develops simulation videos effectively with much more ease.

It also can call external libraries for better result generation.

MATLAB includes an important tool that enables a programmer to design a “graphical user interface” for the program [3]. Programmers may design proper and accurate “data-analysis programs” that can be used by comparatively amateur users. This is the reason why this MATLAB software is given much more importance and preferred over numerous latest software.

Figure 5: Data collection These are the secondary resources of data and it is the most efficient way to collect data. Previously done project reports can help to measure the faced challenges during that time and to ensure the same problem is not faced during this time also. This makes the project work more productive and efficient. This is the reason why a secondary collection of data has been done here in this project on “solar water heating integration in buildings”.

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4. Results and Discussion

This reservoir is used to store the water and this water is used in the buildings. This is used to store the water and as per the requirements, the water is transferred to the two locations.

4.1. Result

Figure 6: Final model

Figure 9: Separator

The final view of the solar heater is shown in the above image which is used for the water heating in the building.

“Solar energy” is used to convert the “solar power” to heat then this helps in water heating. The water flows from one location to another location due to the change in density of the water. The cold “water in the tank” has a higher density than the hot water present in the "solar collector". The hot water goes upward direction due to low density and the cold water moves downward from the tank due to high density.

This water is then used for residential purposes and solves the requirement for hot water.

The hot and cold water is separated using the separator that is used in this project to separate the cold water from the hot water.

Figure 10: Moving water The moving water path is used to show the movement of water from one place to another palace. This design of the model helps to maintain the water temperature and to increase the effectiveness of the model.

Figure 7: Condenser The condenser is used in buildings to heat water. This condenser allows the water to condense and eject heat. This is used to condense water and eject heat. Hot water generation is possible by utilizing this in the solar heater model.

Figure 11: Chassis The chassis of the “Solar water heater” is used to take the model to the proper place. The chassis used in this project provides stability to the model and helps to increase the water temperature. The water heating model fits into this chassis which increases the stability of the model.

Figure 8: Reservoir

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A solar water heater is a sustainable option that converts the sun's rays into heat this is a sustainable option for the water heating task. This is used for water heating purposes in the residential building. This model has good efficiency and the cost of energy generation is also very less as compared to another conventional model [18]. The cost of energy generation is very low compared to using other sources for energy generation. The other sources are used in this project that is used to show the accuracy and efficiency of the model that has good efficiency in water heating tasks. This solar water heater is a cost-effective solution to the other conventional method of water heating. This also has very less impact on the environment as this uses the renewable energy source for energy generation.

Figure 12: Vapor tube This vapor tube is used in this project which increases the water temperature. The vapor tube is beneficial for using this in multiple scenarios this model is used to increase the temperature of the water.

5. Future Work The main prime reason for adopting the wide usage of the solar power heater lies in enhancing the proportion of sustainability so that the issues of supplies of petroleum in the earth along with the fossil fuel combustion has been achieved in this regard. Analyzing the future of the global solar water heater market size it has been observed that the same has been acquainted with almost "USD 5.57 billion" in 2022 that is expected to be increased to almost "9.56 billion USD" by the end of 2032. It is also recommended that an effective urban scale of residential buildings has been required to be accomplished so that effective energy efficiency has been witnessed in this regard [9]. It is important to focus on the energy demand of solar power so that the same will be implemented in the practical arena so that effective efficiency has been achieved in these aspects.

Figure 13: Solar panel The sun’s rays are converted into heat which is used to increase the “temperature of water”. The solar collector of the solar heater is used to collect the rays of the sun and then this is used for the generation of heat from those rays.

The rising electricity demand based on the ever-growing population has been regarded as the main aspect of this process of petroleum supplies [10]. Effective usage of the solar power heater lies in using the easiest ways of sustainability so that pollution in the surrounding environment has been reduced.

4.2. Discussion The “solar water heater” used in this project increases the temperature of the water and this is then used for residential purposes. The “collector” of the “solar water heater” collects the rays and this energy is transferred to the water that is used for water heating. The “solar water heater” model used in this project has good efficiency in converting sun rays into heat. The main components of solar water are the solar collector, insulated tank, chassis, connected pipes, and so on.

The solar collector collects the ray of the sun and converts that sun rays into heat [17]. The insulated tank stores the water and solves the issue of heat loss in the tank. The insulation helps to solve the issue related to heat loss in the tank. The solar heater model is used in this project that is used to convert the rays of the sun to heat then this is used for water heating. Water heating uses renewable energy sources for this task. This renewable energy source has very less impact on the environment.

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6. Conclusion Based on all the information portrayed in this report, it can be stated that the water heater market has been surpassed by a huge proportion of profit-maximization aspects that have been accomplished based on the information extracted in 2023. Anticipated growth in these processes in the underlying market also can be attributed to an increasing set of consumer awareness regarding solar water heaters so that environment-friendly benefits across residential and commercial buildings will be extracted. Evaluating the overall market statistics, it can be stated that the market of solar energy has been continuing to be increased in the upcoming years based on the supportive policies framed by the governments.

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The same will help in reducing fossil fuel so that the combustion of the same will be reduced in an effective form so that electricity generation has been done throughout the cases. Based on analyzing the overall markets, it has been stated that effective means of sustainability have been accomplished in these processes so that an effective beneficial impact on the climate has been fostered. Effective usage of solar water heaters focused on reducing electricity bills on a rapid based so that the issues of future fuel shortages along with the price hikes will be nullified. It is imperative in the effective usage of solar energy in such a manner so that effective beneficial impacts have been accumulating from the sustainable set of sources. This process provides a scalable set of solutions to the faced issues in the recent arena where environmental sustainability has been triggered as a severe aspect that requires to be accomplished by all the major countries in the recent domains.

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Global advancement of solar thermal energy technologies for industrial process heat and its prospects: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 195, pp.885-908.

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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9(1), p.134.

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[17]. Abd-ur-Rehman, H.M., Al-Sulaiman, F.A., Mehmood, A., Shakir, S. and Umer, M., 2018. The potential of energy savings and the prospects of cleaner energy production by solar energy integration in the residential buildings of Saudi Arabia. Journal of cleaner production, 183, pp.1122-1130.

[28]. Patel, Anand, et al. “Thermal Performance Analysis of Helical Solar Water Heater.” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Volume 5, no. 3, 2015, pp. 67-69, www.ijitee.org/wpcontent/uploads/papers/v5i3/C2177085315.pdf.

[18]. Chow, T.T., Fong, K.F., Chan, A.L.S. and Lin, Z., 2006.

Potential application of a centralized solar waterheating system for a high-rise residential building in Hong Kong. Applied Energy, 83(1), pp.42-54.

[29]. Anand Patel. "Effect of Inclination on the Performance of Solar Water Heater." International Journal for Scientific Research and Development 11.3 (2023): 413-416.

[19]. Garnier, C., Muneer, T. and Currie, J., 2018. Numerical and empirical evaluation of a novel building integrated collector storage solar water heater. Renewable Energy, 126, pp.281-295.

[30]. Patel, Anand. "The Performance Investigation of Square Tube Solar Water Heater", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijsdr.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.8, Issue 6, page no.872 878, June-2023, Available :http://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2306123.pdf

[20]. Golić, K., Kosorić, V. and Furundžić, A.K., 2011. General model of solar water heating system integration in residential building refurbishment—Potential energy savings and environmental impact. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), pp.1533-1544.

[31]. Anand Patel. ""Comparative Thermal Performance Investigation of Box Typed Solar Air heater with V Trough Solar Air Heater"". International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI), Vol. 12(6), 2023, PP 45-51. Journal DOI- 10.35629/6734"

[21]. Han, J., Mol, A.P. and Lu, Y., 2010. Solar water heaters in China: A new day dawning. Energy Policy, 38(1), pp.383391.

[32]. Patel, Anand, et al. “Comparative Thermal Performance Evaluation of U Tube and Straight Tube Solar Water Heater.” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), vol. 11, no. 6, June 2023, pp. 346–352. www.ijres.org/index.html.

[22]. Huang, J., Fan, J., Furbo, S. and Li, L., 2019. Solar water heating systems applied to high-rise buildings—lessons from experiences in China. Energies, 12(16), p.3078.

[23]. HD Chaudhary, SA Namjoshi, A Patel, Effect of Strip Insertion on Thermal Performance Evaluation in Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heater with Different Inner Tube Diameter REVISTA GEINTEC-GESTAO INOVACAO E TECNOLOGIAS, Volume 11, Issue 3, Page- 1842-1847

[33]. Patel, A., Namjoshi, Dr. S., & Singh, S. K. (2023).

Comparative Experimental Investigation of Simple and V-Shaped Rib Solar Air Heater. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), 11(6), Page No. 2993–2999. http://www.ijaresm.com/uploaded_files/document_file /Anand_PatelYHv7.pdf

[24]. Anand Patel and Sadanand Namjoshi, “Phase change material based solar water heater,” International Journal of Engineering Science Invention., vol. 5, no. 8, August 2016.

[34]. Patel, Anand. “Experimental Investigation of Oval Tube Solar Water Heater With Fin Cover Absorber Plate.”

International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science, Technology & Engineering, vol. 12, issue no. 7, July 2023, pp. 19–26, doi:10.55948/IJERSTE.2023.0704.

[25]. Anand Patel, Divyesh Patel, Sadanand Namjoshi (2018); Thermal Performance Evaluation of Spiral Solar Air Heater; Int J Sci Res Publ 5(9) (ISSN: 2250-3153). http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper0915.php?rp=P454598

[35]. Patel, Anand. “Comparative Thermal Performance Evaluation of V-shaped Rib and WShape Rib Solar Air Heater.” International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, vol. 14, issue no. 7, July 2023, pp. 1033– 1039.

[26]. Patel A, Parmar H, Namjoshi S 2016 Comparative thermal performance studies of serpentine tube solar water heater with straight tube solar water heater. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) 13 79–83.

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Impact Factor value: 8.226

Patel, Anand et al."Thermal Performance Analysis of Fin Covered Solar Air Heater", "International Journal of Engineering Science and Futuristic Technology" (2017).

[36]. Patel, Anand. “Experimental Evaluation of Twisted Tube Solar Water Heater.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 12, issue no. 7, IJERTV12IS070041, July 2023, pp. 30–34,

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https://www.ijert.org/research/experimentalevaluation-of-twisted-tube-solar-water-heaterIJERTV12IS070041.pdf.

(IJSRA),09(02), 830–843. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0689."

[46]. Patel, A. (2023). Enhancing Heat Transfer Efficiency in Solar Thermal Systems Using Advanced Heat Exchangers. Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 02(06), 31–51. https://www.mijrd.com/papers/v2/i6/MIJRDV2I60003 .pdf.

[37]. Patel, Anand.“Comparative Thermal Performance Investigation of the Straight Tube and Square Tube Solar Water Heater.” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, vol. 19, issue no. 01, July 2023, pp. 727–735. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1388.

[38]. Patel, A. (2023f). Thermal Performance of Combine [47].

Solar Air Water Heater with Parabolic Absorber Plate.

International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), 11(7), 2385–2391. http://www.ijaresm.com/uploaded_files/document_file /Anand_Patel3pFZ.pdf [39]. Patel, Anand. “Effect of W Rib Absorber Plate on Thermal Performance Solar Air Heater.” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), vol. 11, no. 7, July 2023, pp. 407–412. Available: https://www.ijres.org/papers/Volume-11/Issue7/1107407412.pdf

Patel, Anand "Optimizing the Efficiency of Solar Heater and Heat Exchanger Integration in Hybrid System", TIJER - International Research Journal (www.tijer.org), ISSN:2349-9249, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no.b270-b281, August-2023, Available :http://www.tijer.org/papers/TIJER2308157.pdf

[48]. Anand Patel. TheEffect of Moisture Recovery System on Performance of Cooling Tower. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2023, 9(07), pp. 78-83. https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0907013.

[49].

[40]. Patel, Anand. "Performance Evaluation of Square Emboss Absorber Solar Water Heaters." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), Volume 5, Issue 4, July-August 2023. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.4917

Patel, AK, & Zhao, W. "Heat Transfer Analysis of Graphite Foam Embedded Vapor Chamber for Cooling of Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles." Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference.

Volume 1: Aerospace Heat Transfer; Computational Heat Transfer; Education; Environmental Heat Transfer; Fire and Combustion Systems; Gas Turbine Heat Transfer; Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment; Heat Transfer in Energy Systems. Bellevue, Washington, USA. July 9–12, 2017.

V001T09A003.

ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/HT2017-4731

[41]. Anand Patel. (2023). Thermal Performance Analysis of Wire Mesh Solar Air Heater. Eduzone: International Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(2), 91–96.

Retrieved from https://www.eduzonejournal.com/index.php/eiprmj/ar [50]. Anand Patel, "Thermal Performance Investigation of Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger", International Journal of ticle/view/389 Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 12 Issue 6, June [42]. Patel, A (2023). "Thermal performance analysis conical 2023, pp.

350-353, solar water heater". World Journal of Advanced https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR2352 Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS), 9(2), 4161312, DOI: 10.21275/SR23524161312 276–283.

[51]. Patel, Anand "Performance Analysis of Helical Tube Heat https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.02286 Exchanger", TIJER - International Research Journal [43]. Patel, A (2023). "Efficiency enhancement of solar water (www.tijer.org), ISSN:2349-9249, Vol.10, Issue 7, page heaters through innovative design". International no.946-950, July-2023, Available Journal of Science and Research Archive (IJSRA),10(01), :http://www.tijer.org/papers/TIJER2307213.pdf.

289–303.

[52]. Patel, Anand. “EFFECT OF PITCH ON THERMAL https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.1.0724.

PERFORMANCE SERPENTINE HEAT EXCHANGER.” [44]. Anand Kishorbhai Patel, 2023. Technological INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and AERONAUTICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Manufacturing. United International Journal for (IJRAME), vol. 11, no. 8, Aug. 2023, pp. 01–11.

Research & Technology (UIJRT), 4(11), pp13-24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8225457.

[45]. Patel, A (2023). ""Comparative analysis of solar heaters and heat exchangers in residential water heating"".

International Journal of Science and Research Archive

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Impact Factor value: 8.226

[53]. Patel, Anand. “Advancements in Heat Exchanger Design for Waste Heat Recovery in Industrial Processes.” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR),

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vol. 19, no. 03, Sept. 2023, doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1763.

www.irjet.net pp.

137–52,

[54]. Patel, Anand Kishorbhai. Investigation of a Novel Vapor Chamber for Efficient Heat Spreading and Removal for Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles, thesis, May 2017; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984 206/: accessed September 11, 2023), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu;.

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28847.10402 [55]. Patel, Anand. “Heat Exchanger Materials and Coatings: Innovations for Improved Heat Transfer and Durability.”

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), vol. 13, no. 9, Sept. 2023, pp. 131– 42, doi:10.9790/9622-1309131142.

[56]. Thakre, Shekhar, Pandhare, Amar, Malwe, Prateek D., Gupta, Naveen, Kothare, Chandrakant, Magade, Pramod B., Patel, Anand, Meena, Radhey Shyam, Veza, Ibham, Natrayan L., and Panchal, Hitesh. "Heat transfer and pressure drop analysis of a microchannel heat sink using nanofluids for energy applications" Kerntechnik, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1515/kern-2023-0034 [57]. Anand Patel, "Comparative Thermal Performance Analysis of Circular and Triangular Embossed Trapezium Solar Cooker with and without Heat Storage Medium", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 12 Issue 7, July 2023, pp. 376-380, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR2361 2004356 [58]. Patel, Anand.""Comparative Thermal Performance Analysis of Box Type and Hexagonal Solar Cooker"", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijsdr.org), ISSN:24552631, Vol.8, Issue 7, page no.610 - 615, July-2023, Available :http://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2307089.pdf"

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