EFFECTS OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

EFFECTS OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES

1Kishore Kumar M, Student Dept of Civil Engineering, VVIET, Karnataka, India

2Bimba Mourya Y, Student, Dept of Civil Engineering, VVIET, Karnataka, India

3Krushik Gowda N K , Student, Dept of Civil Engineering, VVIET, Karnataka, India

4Sumanth C U, Student, Dept of Civil Engineering, VVIET, Karnataka, India

5Prof. Latha P, Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, VVIET, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - This study aims to characterize the concrete block produced by the addition of the two natural waste materials i.e. sugarcane bagasse powder and egg shell powder. Disposing off these waste materials is a very challengingtaskandsometimesthesugarcanebagasseisa hazardtotheenvironmentalso.Thesugarcanebagasse,the eggshellsandthejutefiberswerecollectedlocallyfromthe cities of Mysore and Mandya, respectively. These raw materialscollectedi.e., thesugarcane bagasseandtheegg shellswerepowderedandboughtintotheconsiderableform and checked for the basic materials testing like Specific gravity, Sieve analysis, Test for Bulk density, Test for Moisture content were done and the mix design was prepared;Ontheflowtheconcreteblockswerecasted,cured forstraight28daysandtheblockswerebrought intothe testingandthecompressionofthespecimenwas doneand the natural raw materials were proven to be effective. In general, the overexploitation of natural sand has harmed manyecosystems,including soilandwater,and disrupted thebalanceoflife.

Key Words – Sugarcane bagasse powder(SCBP), Eggshell powder(ESP),jutefiber(JF)

1. INTRODUCTION

In order to enhance the qualities of concrete, several researchers employed various materials. These materials maybeusedinlieuof,inadditionto,orasareplacementfor fine aggregate in concrete. Natural sand is an appropriate resource for this purpose and is frequently used as a fine aggregateinthemanufactureofmortarandconcreteEcofriendlybehaviourisintentionalliving.Thegoalistoavoid interacting in a way that harms the environment. Natural sandhasbeenoverusedinrecentyears,harminganumber of ecosystems, including soil and water. To preserve the environmentandrecycleresources,itisessentialtolookfor substitutes for natural sandstone. To reduce the use of natural resources, some waste kinds and other biodegradableproducts,suchassugarcanebagasse,eggshell powder,andjutefibre,canberecycledforrenewableuses.

The accumulation of organic waste is one of the most seriousproblemsfacinginthedevelopingcountries.Getting rid of the wastes by dumping them in the waste land or burning and this effect negatively the environment.

Moreover, these wastes attract a lot of insects when it is dumped and also effect the nature when it is burnt which producesharmfulgasseswhichthreadthepublichealthand cause many diseases. The project intend is to merge the organicwasteintoconstructionindustryandturnitintoa usefulcheapbuildingmaterial.Inanattempttoreducethe initialcostsofbuildingmaterial,sugarcanebagassepowder (SGP),eggshellpowder(ESP)andJutefiberasreinforcement materialis used as an additive in the structural cement blocks (bricks). In this present study, these materials are usedasapartialreplacementinfineaggregateasfillerform and reinforcement form, and properties like compression strengthanddensitytestweredetermined.

2.Objectives

 Realisingsustainability, minimisingenvironmental consequences, and achieving progress in the direction of environmentally friendly recycled materials.

 Themajorobjectiveistodecreasetheuseofsand andincreasetheuseofbiodegradablematerials.

 Influenceonthecompressionstrengthsofconcrete blocksconstructedwithvariousmaterialratios.

 Comparisonbetweenconventionalconcreteblocks with concrete blocks made from jute fibre, sugarcanebagassepowder,andeggshellpowder.

 Todeterminetheoptimumratioforthematerials.

3. MATERIALS

Cement: A binder, or substance that can bind other materials together and set and solidify, is something like cement, which is used in building. The two most crucial formsofcementareemployedinthecreationofmortarfor masonryworkandconcrete,whichcombinescementwith aggregatetocreateastudybuildingmaterial

Fine aggregate: River sand is replaced by manufactured sand(M-Sand)formakingconcrete.Crushinghardgranite stoneyieldsmanufacturedsand.Thecrushedsandisgraded, rinsed,andshapedintoacubicalformwithgroundededges for use in building. M-Sand is manufactured sand with a

Kishore Kumar M1, Bimba Mourya Y2, Krushik Gowda N K3 , Sumanth C U4, Prof. Latha P 5

particle size of less than 4.75mm. An alternative to river sandismanufacturedsand.

Coarse aggregate:Concreterequiresaggregates,whichare inertgranularmaterialslikesand,gravel,orcrushedstone, inadditiontowaterandPortlandcement.Aggregatesmust befreeofabsorbedchemicals,claycoatings,andotherfine contaminantsthatmightcauseconcretetodegradeinorder tomakeasuitableconcretemix.

Sugarcane bagasse powder :Sugarcanebagassepowder hasbeenexploredasapotentialbuildingmaterialduetoits renewable and sustainable nature. Bagasse is the fibrous residuethatremainsaftersugarcanestalksarecrushedto extractjuiceforsugarproduction.

Egg shell powder:Apoultrywastewithachemicalmakeup thatisalmostidenticaltolimestoneiscalcium-richeggshell. Utilisingeggshellwasteinlieuofnaturallimetosubstitute cementinconcretecanreducetheamountofcementused, preservenaturallime,andreducewaste.

Jute fiber: Natural fibres are plentiful and inexpensive in jute. So, one of the key strategies for the advancement of concretetechnologymaybethecouplingofjutefibrewith concrete. The purpose of this study is to compare the findings with plain concrete blocks while examining the mechanicalcharacteristicsofjutefibrereinforcedconcrete withvariouscombinationsoffibrevolumeandlength

Testoncement:

1.Finenessofcementis 4.0%.accordingtoIS12269–1987 thefinenessofcementshouldbe<10%

2.Specificgravityofcementis 3.02

Testonfineaggregate:

1.Specificgravityoffineaggregateis 2.65,accordingtoIS: 383-1970Specificgravityoffineaggregatesshouldbe between2.6to2.75

2.SieveAnalysistestonfineaggregates:finenessmodulusis 3.22

TestonCoarseaggregate:

1.Specificgravityofcoarseaggregateis 2.71,accordingto IS:383-1970Specificgravityshouldbe2.7-2.9.

2.Average moisture content of sand sample is 1.37, accordingtoIS:2386part3

TestonEggshellpowder:

1.Specific gravity of eggshell powder is 0.98. As per IS: 4031-part6specificgravityofeggshellpowderis0.98.

5. MIX PROPORTION

1. Gradedesignation:1:6ratioIS2185:2005

MasonrySolidBlocks

2. Typeofcement:OPC53grade(JSW)

3. Max.nominalsizeofaggregate:10mm

4. Exposureconditionplacing:Moderate

5. Degreeofsupervision:Good

6. Typeofaggregate:Crushedangularaggregate

7. TypeofBiodegradablematerials:Sugarcane BagassePowder(SCBP),EggshellPowder(ESP), Jutefiberof2cmlength(JF).

As per INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS

PART 1 HOLLOW AND CONCRETE BLOCKS [ IS: 2185 Part 1- 1979]

Mix Design 6.1.1 & 6.1.2

Allofthematerialsarepreparedanddouble-checkedbefore Theconcretemixusedforblocksshallnotbericherthanone partbyvolumeofcementto6partsbyvolumeofcombined aggregatesbeforemixing.

Concrete blocks are frequently built using cement-sand mixturesintheratiosof1:3,1:6,or1:9,withaggregatesor oftenmadeof1:6concrete. And aggregate no larger than 10 mm.

In case of hand-moulded block where compaction is done manually,concretemixshouldbesufficientlyconsistentto enabledemouldingimmediatelyaftercasting.Theconsistent to enable demoulding immediately after casting. The consistencyofthemixtobefriable,whiletoomuchwater causesdifficultyintheimmediatewithdrawalofthemould. being considered for combining. The mixture has six different ingredients: CA, FA, sugarcane bagasse, eggshell powder, jute fibre, and water. Concrete is mixed using a machinecalledamixer.Alltheingredientsareaddedoneby one to the mixer, together with the calculated amount of water,tocreatethemixture.First,10%and20%ofthefine aggregate are partially replaced with sugarcane bagasse powder, which is gradually added to the concrete and punchedbyamachine.

Theconcreteblockscastedwithpartialreplacementoffine aggregateby10and20%wasfailed.Theblockswhichwas castedcollapsebefore24hoursitself,theblockswerenot abletoliftbecause10and20%replacementwashigh.Then wedecidedtoreducethereplacementratioofthematerials

4. RESULTS OF BASIC MATERIAL TESTING

within10%.Andreplacedwith3%6%and9%wasdone. Theblocksofsize400*200*150mmsizeiscasted.

Theconcreteis poured into the mouldandfilledproperly andthenaloudthemachinetopunchconcreteintoblocks. Theblocksaftercastingisgiveninthefig2Concreteblocks afterpunchingbythemachine.

Compression strength

Replacementof material Compression strength

0% 25.51

3%ESP 29.21

6%ESP 28.35

9%ESP 28.31

Concrete blocksareallowed tocure fora full dayatroom temperature.Thespecimensarethenmaintainedfor28days toundergoambientcuring.Thestrengthofconcretewillalso beaffectedbythecuringtemperature.Concreteundergoes chemicalreactionsthatleadtothepolymerizationprocess, whichkicksoffthecuringphase.Afterthat,thespecimens arecuredatroomtemperature.

RESULT:

Compression strength of blocks (SCBP).

Replacementof material Compression strength

0% 25.51

3%SCBP 28.13

6%SCBP 27.76

9%SCBP 27.48

Compression strength of blocks (SCBP+ESP).

Replacementof material Compression strength

0% 25.51

3%(SCBP+ESP) 29.69

6%(SCBP+ESP) 28.01

9%(SCBP+ESP) 27.99

Thefig1showsthepunchingmachineusedforpreparation oftheconcreteblocks.

Fig1PunchingMachineusedtoprepareblocks.

Fig2Concreteblocksaftercasting.

Table1Compressionstrengthoftheblocks.(SCBP)

Fig3Compressionstrengthoftheblocks.(SCBP)

of blocks (ESP).

Table2Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(ESP).

Fig4Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(ESP).

Table3Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(SCBP+ESP)

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Compression test on concrete block

The strength of the SCBP blocks increased 2 to 4% more than the conventional blocks when the strength characteristicsoftheSCBPpartlyreplacementblockswere compared to the strength properties of the conventional blocks.Asa resultofusingbiodegradablematerials,these blockscanbeconsideredgreenblocksinaccordancewith the project's fundamental premise. We can decrease the impactonnaturalresourcesbyutilisingtheseblocksinstead of natural or mined sand. According to the results of the blocks'overallcompression tests,wecanobservethatthe strength of the blocks has not decreased relative to conventional blocks and actually increased to different extentsinallconcreteblocksthathaveusedbiodegradable components.Bylookingthroughtheresults,wecouldmove on to using green concrete blocks thenregular concrete blocks.

By doing this, we can lower the rate at which natural resources are used and protect them. Additionally, waste goodsmayberecycledtocreateaffordable,usablebuilding materials.

Densitytestonconcreteblocks

test

Inthedensitytest,theblocks'weightsareloweredby3–4% of all other blocks partially replaced with biodegradable materialswhencomparedtoconventionalblocks.According toIScode2185.1.2005,theseblocksmettherequirements forbeingusablebuildingmaterials.

The SCBP, ESP, (SCBP+EGP), & jute fiber has the compression strength of concrete blocks with partial replacementoffineaggregatebyBiodegradablematerials( SCBP,ESP,andreinforcedwithjutefibers)at28days.The compression strength of the concrete is increased for all percentageofmixesupto4-8%.

Sowecanreplacethisblockstotheconventionalblocksdue toitsstrengthproperties.Bymakinguseoftheseblocks,we may somewhat limit exploitation and sand consumption. Wastematerialscanalsobeutilized.

Discussion

Theconcreteblocks'compressionstrengthisassessedafter 28daysofcuring.Twoblocksofthetestareconductedwith varied amoun ts of partial substitution of biodegradable components. There have been four distinct block types examined.First,fineaggregateisreplacedinpartwithSCBP. ThesecondinvolvesreplacingfineaggregatewithESPin part.Inthethirdphase,fineaggregateispartiallyreplaced bySCBPandESP.

Finally,alengthof2cmofjutefibreinamountsof1and2% isputtotheconcreteblocks.Theblocksarecast,allowedto curefor28days,andthentheyareavailableforinspection. When the strength characteristics of the SCBP partially replacement blocks were compared to the strength properties the conventional blocks, the strength of the blocksrose2to4%morethantheconventionalblocks.

According to the main tenet of the project, these blocks qualify as "green blocks" because they were made from biodegradablematerials.Byusingthese blocksinplaceof

Fig5Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(SCBP+ESP)

Table4Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(JF)

Fig6Compressionstrengthoftheblocks(JF)

Fig7Density

natural or mined sand, we may lessen the impact on the environment.

According to the findings of the blocks' comprehensive compression testing, we can see that the strength of the blockshasnotreducedincomparisontoconventionalblocks and has actually grown to varying degrees in all concrete blocksmadewithbiodegradablecomponents.

We might proceed to utilise green concrete blocks rather than conventional concrete blocks by checking at the outcomes. By doing this, we can slow down the rate of resourceusageandsavetheenvironment.

Waste products can also be repurposed to make cheap, usefulbuildingmaterials.

Accordingtothedensitytest,theweightsoftheblocksare reducedby3-4%whencomparedtotraditionalblocks,with all other blocks having biodegradable components substitutedtosomeextent.

Theseblockscompliedwiththestandardsforbeinguseable constructionmaterialsasdefinedbyIScode2185.1.2005.

The compressive strength of concrete blocks with partial replacement of fine aggregate by biodegradable materials (SCBP, ESP, and reinforced with jute fibres) at 28 days is depictedgraphicallyinFig.4.1SCBP,ESP,(SCBP+EGP),and &jutefibre.Forallpercentagesofmixturesupto4-8%,the concrete'scompressivestrengthisenhanced.

As a result of this block's strong characteristics, we may replacetraditionalblockswithit.

Table2oftheIScode2185(Part1)physicalrequirements

Theyear2005highlightsthedependabilityandsuitabilityof concreteblocksasabuildingmaterial.

Wecanconsiderablyreduceexploitationandsandusageby usingtheseblocks.Materialsfromwastecanalsobeused.

CONCLUSION

The concrete blocks that were cast with more than 15% partialreplacementfailed.SCBPutilisationishencedownto lessthan15%.

The high replacement ratio of sugarcane bagasse powder decreasedthecompressionstrengthofblocks,whereasthe lowreplacementratiosenhancedthecompressionstrength. With a partial substitution of 3% of SCBP, ESP, and SCBP+ESP compared to ordinary concrete blocks, the compressivestrengthoftheblocksincreasedto3-4%ofthe typicalstrengthofconcreteat28days.Thelimiteduseofthe Sugarcane bagasse powder less then 20% gives good strength.Thestrengthoftheconcreteblocksreplacedwith

eggshellpowder3%and6%wasincreasedto3to4%.The high replacement of eggshell powder may cause effect on workability AdditionofbothSCBPandEPwillalsogivegood strength for the concrete blocks, 3-4% more then conventional concrete blocks which achieves good result. Jutefibresareaddedtoconcreteblocksinlengthsof2cmin proportions of 1 and 2%, the fibres act as reinforcing materialintheblocksand,whentheblocksweretested,the compression strength was improved to 3-8%.Due to its capabilities as reinforcement, fibre blocks helps to reduce the occurrence of fractures in constructions. As per the IS codereferencetheseblockscanbeusedfortheconstruction of load bearing walls. We may use this block in place of conventionalblocksduetoitsgreatfeatures.

SCOPE OF FUTURE STUDY

Further by replacing sugarcane bagasse powder, eggshell powderindifferentratiolike5%,10%and15%.Addingof jutefiberwithdifferentratioofSCBPandESPmaygivegood strength.

REFERENCES

IS:456-2000, Indian standard “Plain and reinforced concrete”-codeofpractice.

 IS:10262-2009, Indian standards “Recommended guidelinesforconcretemixdesignproportioning”-codeof practice.

 IS:383-1970, “Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural source of concrete”, (second revision),BureauofIndianstandards,NewDelhi,India.

 Bassam A. Tayeh, Samir M. Ahed, RadwaDefalla AbdelHafez,SugarcanePulpSandandPaperGrainSandas PartialFineAggregateReplacementinEnvironment-friendly ConcreteBricks,(24October2022).

 M. .Bhuvaneswari, Mechanical Properties of concrete by using Egg shells with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate. (Volume 4, Issue 2, Mar-Apr-2018, ISSN (Online):2395-566X).

 Monika,SujathaUnnikrishnan,Characterisationof JuteFiberReinforcedAdobeBrickandBrickmasonry,Vol.4, SpecialIssue22,December2017.

 ISCODE2185(Part1)2005MasonrySolidblocks.