STABILIZATION OF BLACK SOIL USING WALNUT SHELL POWDER & ASH

Zainab parvez 1, ER. Ajay Vikram 2, Er. Preet pal Singh3

1student of M.tech(T.E) at Rayat Bahra University

2Asst. Professor, Dept. Of civil Engineering, Rayat Bahra University punjab ,India

3Asst. Professor, Dept. Of civil Engineering, Rayat Bahra University punjab ,India ***

Abstract - Rice cocoon greasepaint, bitumen, rice cocoon ash, polythene etc. are used as stabilizers in distant probabilities( outside up to 20) to develop and estimate CLAYEY SOILS. The influence of stabilizer types and tablets on fresh and mechanical parcels is estimated through Atterberg limits, standard proctor contraction, unrestrained compressive strength and California bearing rate( CBR) tests.

This design evaluates the effect of addition of 0, 1, 2 walnut shell and 0,0.5,0.75 walnut shell ash in order to stabilize the black cotton soil and to corroborate its felicity to be used as a construction raw material for road dam and structural stuffings. The walnut shall be brought from Jammu and Kashmir and the black cotton soil is brought from SHOPIAN for assessing its felicity as a construction material for a colourful geotechnical workshop. Its thickness parcels and strength parcels are tested. In this design the goods of the walnut shell greasepaint and walnut shell ash is delved and is assimilated with that 0f the natural black cotton soil.

Key Words: Black cotton soil, walnut shells, and stabilizers

1.INTRODUCTION

For any land- grounded structure, the foundation is veritably important and has to be strong to support the entire structure. In order for the foundation to be strong, thesoilarounditplaysaveritablycriticalpart.So,towork withsoils,weneed tohave properknowledgeabouttheir parcelsandfactorswhichaffecttheirgeste.Theprocessof soil stabilization helps to achieve the needed parcels in a soildemandedfortheconstructionwork.

Soil stabilization is the process of altering some soil parcels by distinctive styles, mechanical or chemical in order to produce an advanced soil material which has all the asked engineering parcels. Soils are generally stabilized to increase their strength and continuity. Stabilization includes the colourful styles used for modifying the parcels of a soil to ameliorate its engineering performance. Stabilization is being used for a variety of engineering workshops, the most common operation being in the construction of road in subgrade andairportpavements,wherethemainidealistoincrease

the strength or stability of soil and to reduce the constructioncostbymakingstylishuseoflocallyavailable accoutrements . The generally used stabilizers are bitumen, Polypropylene, lime, cement etc. But the cost of these stabilizers is high and hence makes them uneconomical

1.2BLACKCOTTONSOIL:

BlackcottonsoilisformedintheDeccanregionofIndiaby the decomposition of black lava. Black soil is also known as' regur' which is deduced from a Telugu word' reguda'. BlacksoilisalsoknownasBlackCottonSoil.Thesoilisrich in calcium carbonate, potash, lime and magnesium carbonate . Black cotton soil is one of major soil deposits ofIndia.

1.3SOILSTABILIZATION

Soil stabilization means revision of the soils parcels tomeet the specified engineering conditions. It involves the use of stabilizing agents( binder accoutrements ) in weaksoilstoameliorateitsgeotechnicalparcelssimilaras compressibility,strength,permeabilityandcontinuity.The factorsofstabilizationtechnologyincludesoilsandorsoil minerals and stabilizing agents or binders( cementitious accoutrements).

Soil stabilization is an important aspect of civil engineering and construction projects. The stability and strengthofsoilcanbecriticalforthesuccessandsafetyof a project, whether it is building a road, constructing a buildingfoundation,orcreatingaretainingwall.Blacksoil isacommontypeofsoilfoundinmanypartsoftheworld, and it is known for its high fertility and nutrient content.

However, black soil can also be prone to erosion and instability, which can be problematic for construction projects.Inthiscontext,theuseoforganicmaterials,such aswalnutshellsandpowder,canbeapromisingapproach to stabilize black soil and improve its load-bearing capacity. In this article, we will explore the process of stabilizing black soil with walnut shells and powder and discussthebenefitsandlimitationsofthisapproach.

OBJECTIVESOFSOILSTABILIZATION

● Tointroduce the concept of soilstabilizationand itsimportanceinconstructionprojects.

● To provide an overview of black soil and its characteristics.

● To explore the properties of walnut shells and powderandtheirpotentialforsoilstabilization.

● To describe the process of stabilizing black soil with walnut shells and powder, including the requiredmaterialsandequipment.

● Todiscusstheadvantagesandlimitationsofusing walnutshellsandpowderforsoilstabilization.

● To provide practical tips and guidelines for implementingthisapproacheffectively.

● To highlight the importance of testing and monitoring the stabilized soil to ensure its longtermstabilityanddurability.

● To encourage further research and development of innovative and sustainable approaches for soil stabilization.

1.1 Literature Review

● Puppala etal.( 2001) studied the use of fibre and fly ash in soil stabilization. The test results from two separate studies conducted on extensive soil stabilizationusingrecycledwasteaccoutrements. The waste accoutrements estimated were cover ashandpolypropylene.Twodifferentsoilsamples were used. Both styles increased strength and dropped loss strain of raw extensive soil. Fly ash system also reduce malleability and free swell characteristics. Both stabilizers are recycled waste productions and thus their use in soil stabilization will reduce landfilling costs and enhancesrecoveringtrouble.

● Parsons etal.( 2004) estimated the use of cement kilndustforsoilstabilization.Atterberglimitsand strength tests were conducted before and after named continuity test. The test results show a

significant enhancement in performance with the additionofcementkilndust.

● Seda etal.( 2007) studied the use of waste tire rubber for swelling implicit mitigation in extensive soil. In this study, the effect of adding small patches of waste tire rubber on the accelerating eventuality of an extensive soil from Colorado was estimated. The indicator parcels and contraction parameters of the rubber, extensive soil and extensive soil- rubber admixture were determined. One dimensional tests were performed to assess the feasibility of using small patches of waste tire rubber as mechanical cumulative to alleviate swelling eventuality of the extensive soil. The tests results showed that both swell percent and the lump pressure are significantly reduced by the extensionofrubbertotheextensivesoil.

● Okagbue( 2007) estimated the efficacity of wood ash for complexion stabilization. The evaluation involved the determination of the geotechnical parcels of complexion soil in its natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of wood ash. The parameters tested included the flyspeck size distribution, specific graveness, Atterberg limits, contraction characteristics, Californiabearingrate(CBR)andthecompressive strength. The CBR and strength tests were repeated after 28- day curing of the treated samples. Results showed that the geotechnical mainlybytheextensionofwood-ash;malleability was reduced by 35 and CBR and strength increased by 23 – 50 and 49 – 67, independently, turning on the compact energy used. The loftiest CBR and strength values were achieved at 10 wood- ash. Results also showed that curing bettered the strength of the wood- ash- treated complexion.still,thestrengthgainwasshortlived asthestrengthsnappilydroppedafter7–14days of curing. These results indicate that although wood-ashprovidessomeofthesalutarygoodsof lime in soil stabilization, similar as malleability and swell reduction, bettered plasticity, and strength increase, it's doubtful to be a cover for limeasstrengthgainisshortlived.

● Chenetal.(2009)conductedalaboratorystudyon application of sewage sludge ash and cement in treatment of soft subgrade soil. In this study, incinerated sewage sludge ash( ISSA) is mixed with cement in a fixed rate of 41 for use as a stabilizer to ameliorate the strength of soft, cohesive,subgradesoil.Fivedifferentrates(inwt 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16) of ISSA/ cement amalgamation aremixedwithcohesivesoiltomakesoilsamples.

Inordertoconcludetheinfluencesofcocktailson the soil parcels, tests of the pH value, Atterberg limits, contraction, California bearing rate( CBR), unrestrained compressive strength, andtri-axial contraction were performed on those samples. The study shows that the unrestrained compressive strength of samples with the ISSA/ cement addition was bettered to roughly 3

7 times better than that of the undressed soil; likewise, the swelling geste was also effectively reduced by as important as 10 – 60 for those samples. In some samples, the ISSA/ cement cumulativebetteredtheCBRvaluationsbyoverto 30timesthatofundressedsoil.Thissuggeststhat ISSA/cementhasnumerousimplicitoperationsin thefieldofgeotechnicalengineering.

● Choudhary etal.( 2010) estimated the use of plastic wastes for perfecting the subgrade in flexiblepavement.Inthisstudytheeffectofwaste plastic strip content(0.25 to4.0) and strip length on the CBR and secant modulus of strip corroboratedsoilwasdelved.

● Rao etal.( 2011) performed a laboratory evaluation on application of artificial waste in pavement laid over extensive complexion sub grades. The waste accoutrements tested were granulated blast furnace sediment and fly ash. Detailedlaboratorystudies havebeencarriedout using these accoutrements for softening soil system. The resultsindicate a significant increase in the soaked CBR value. This disquisition points to the mileage of these two waste accoutrements foruseinsubbaseofflexiblepavement.

● Sultan etal.( 2011) examined the eventuality of pumice waste as a stabilizing cumulative to muddy sub grade of pavements. The tests conducted were reliability, strength, Atterberg's limit, California bearing rate and dynamic repeated cargo triaxial. The results of the experimental exploration showed that pumice waste can be used as a soil stabilizer for muddy subgrades.

● Zhang etal.( 2012) administered an experimental study to estimate the use of lime sludge as a subgrade stabilizer. Experimental study on five types was done , of sub grade soils in Ohio. The studyshowsthatadditionoflimesludgeincreases the soil distortion modulus and reduces the plasticgesteofsoil

Previous research has shown that the use of organic materials can be an effective approach for stabilizing soil and improving its load-bearing capacity (Basha et al., 2006). Walnut shells and powder are among the organic

materialsthathavebeeninvestigatedfortheirpotentialin soil stabilization (Kazmi et al., 2018). Walnut shells contain lignin and cellulose, which are natural binding agents that can help to improve the soil's stability and prevent erosion (Ali et al., 2017). Walnut powder, on the other hand, is a fine material that can fill the voids betweensoilparticlesandenhancethesoil'scompactness andstrength(Jaiswaletal.,2019).

Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of using walnutshellsandpowderforstabilizingdifferenttypesof soil. For example, Ali et al. (2017) conducted a laboratory study to investigate the effect of adding walnut shells to clay soil. They found that the addition of walnut shells resulted in a significant improvement in the soil's shear strengthandcompressibility.Similarly,Kazmietal.(2018) studied the effect of adding walnut powder to sandy soil and observed a significant increase in the soil's bearing capacityandstiffness.

Discussion:

● The literature suggests that the use of walnut shells and powder can be a viable approach for stabilizing black soil and improving its loadbearing capacity. The lignin and cellulose in walnut shells can bind the soil particles together, while the fine particles of walnut powder can fill the gaps between the soil particles and increase the soil's compactness. These mechanisms can improve the soil's strength, reduce its susceptibilitytoerosion,andenhanceitsabilityto supportheavyloads.

● However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of this approach may depend on various factors, such as the soil type, climate conditions, and the amount and type of organic materialused.Moreover,theprocessofstabilizing soil with walnut shells and powder may require carefultestingandmonitoringtoensurethelongterm stability and durability of the stabilized soil. Therefore, further research and experimentation are needed to optimize the use of walnut shells and powder for soil stabilization and to identify thebestpracticesfortheirapplicationindifferent contexts.

● Overall, the use of walnut shells and powder for soil stabilization is a promising area of research that can contribute to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for civil engineeringandconstructionprojects.

2. Conclusion

In summary, the use of walnut shells and powder for stabilizing black soil can be an effective approach for

improvingthesoil'sload-bearingcapacityandreducingits susceptibility to erosion. The literature suggests that the natural binding agents in walnut shells and the fine particlesinwalnutpowdercanenhancethesoil'sstrength and compactness, leading to better performance and durabilityinconstructionprojects.

However, it's important to acknowledge that more research and experimentation are needed to fully understand the potential of this approach and to identify the best practices for its implementation. Factors such as soil type, climate conditions, and the amount and type of organicmaterialusedcanallaffecttheeffectivenessofthe stabilization process, and careful testing and monitoring are required to ensure the long-term stability and durabilityofthestabilizedsoil.

FutureScope:

1. Future research can focus on several areas to further advance the use of walnut shells and powder for soil stabilization. One important direction is to investigate the effect of different ratios and combinations of walnut shells and powderonsoilstabilization.Thiscanhelpidentify the most effective and efficient mixtures for differentsoiltypesandprojectrequirements.

2. Another potential area of research is to explore the feasibility of using walnut shells and powder as a sustainable alternative to traditional soil stabilizers, such as cement and lime. This can contributetothedevelopmentofeco-friendlyand cost-effective solutions for construction projects, while also reducing the carbon footprint and environmental impact of the construction industry.

3. Finally, field testing and monitoring of stabilized soils with walnut shells and powder can provide valuable insights into their long-term performance and durability in real-world conditions. This can help validate the effectivenessandpracticalityofthisapproachand provide guidance for its implementation in differentconstructioncontexts.

Overall, the use of walnut shells and powder for soil stabilization is a promising area of research with significant potential for practical applications and sustainabilitybenefits.Continuedresearchandinnovation inthis area can help advancethefield ofcivil engineering andcontributetothedevelopmentofsustainableandecofriendlysolutionsforconstructionprojects.

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