E-prescription In Healthcare System Using Cloud

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E-prescription In Healthcare System Using Cloud Nameet Ahire, Sakshi Gawade, Vishal Ghosh, Nishita Gole Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of Technology, Mumbai 400053 Prof. Bhushan M. Patil, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of Technology, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------systems. As the healthcare industry digitizes, Abstract - This research paper investigates the understanding and mitigating risks associated with implementation of a secure electronic prescription system in electronic prescriptions is crucial. The research aims to healthcare using cloud technology. Data management in the contribute insights for a safer and more resilient ehealth care system is mandatory. The study focuses on prescribing ecosystem, strengthening trust among addressing data security and confidentiality issues in healthcare professionals, patients, and stakeholders. electronic prescription processes. Through the integration of cloud services, the proposed system aims to increase the 2. LITERATURE REVIEW efficiency and availability of healthcare services while ensuring robust protection of sensitive patient information.

The introduction of electronic prescription (eThe paper delves into the technical aspects of secure data prescription) systems in healthcare, facilitated by cloud transfer, storage and access control and contributes technology, has transformed medication management and valuable insights into the evolving healthcare technology improved patient care. The traditional system of paper landscape. The model proposed a system based on a web prescriptions has given way to electronic prescribing, application, through which the doctor has the ability to which has simplified the process of drug administration. prescribe to patients and other users, such as receptionists, Early studies on the development of electronic prescription pharmacists and administrators, interact with the system systems lay the groundwork for understanding the through their web accessibility. Overall, this work provides a challenges and opportunities associated with this better solution to healthcare management. data and also transition. provide an easy way to interact with the system [1]The traditional way of prescribing, which relies on handwritten or printed paper scripts, is characterized by Key Words: E-prescription, Healthcare System, Cloud, manual processes, limited availability, communication Pharmacy, Chat-bot. problems, dependence on physical storage and security issues. In contrast, an e-prescription using electronic 1. INTRODUCTION formats and digital systems offers a more efficient and accurate alternative. With digital automation, instant The integration of digital technologies in healthcare is access to patient records, better communication between healthcare providers and pharmacies, efficient record crucial for increasing efficiency, availability, and safety. keeping, improved security measures and seamless Electronic prescribing systems are changing the way integration with healthcare systems, electronic doctors create and transmit prescriptions. This research prescription systems contribute to a safer, more efficient paper explores the convergence of e-prescribing systems and technologically advanced approach. to the with cloud computing to address security issues and management of medicines in the healthcare sector. improve healthcare service efficiency. The traditional paper prescription model is being replaced by electronic [2]Machine learning (ML)-based electronic prescription prescriptions, offering a more efficient and durable systems are revolutionizing medication management process. However, this transition raises data security and through the use of advanced algorithms and data analytics. privacy concerns. The research aims to clarify how cloud Through ML, these systems analyze large datasets, learn from patient history, treatment outcomes and drug technology can be strategically used to strengthen the interactions, and assist healthcare providers in creating security architecture of electronic prescription systems, highly personalized and optimized prescriptions. These ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems can dynamically adapt to evolving medical patient data. knowledge and patient conditions, offer real-time decision Cloud computing is a promising solution for healthcare support, reduce the likelihood of prescribing errors, and systems to enhance their electronic prescription increase drug safety. ML-based e-prescribing not only infrastructure. It improves availability, interoperability, improves the accuracy of treatment plans, but also and protects patient data from cyber threats. This contributes to a more active and individualized approach research explores strategies and technologies for creating to patient care, which represents a significant advance in the field of health technology. a robust cloud-based framework for healthcare eprescribing. It also addresses regulatory environment and compliance requirements related to e-prescribing

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 12 |Dec 2023

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[3]Artificial intelligence-based e-prescribing systems represent cutting-edge advances in healthcare technology and seamlessly integrate artificial intelligence to improve the prescribing process. These systems use sophisticated algorithms and machine learning to analyze patient health data, medical history and treatment outcomes, enabling healthcare providers to create intelligent and personalized prescriptions. AI algorithms can identify potential drug interactions, predict patient responses to drugs, and tailor recommendations based on evolving medical knowledge.

By automating and optimizing the prescribing workflow, AI-based e-prescribing systems not only increase efficiency, but also contribute to improved patient outcomes, medication adherence and overall healthcare quality through proactive decision support.

3. METHODOLOGY To create a cloud website, we need cloud services. We use Amazon's AWS cloud service in our project. AWS is a well-known cloud service provider in the cloud industry. It provides some free services that are enough to run our small project, but in the future we may use the AWS payas-you-go service to make our website more efficient and productive. We also need a chat-bot framework to provide e-texts to website users. So let's start with Amazon's AWS service.

[1] VPC - Amazon VPC, part of AWS, offers a customizable and controlled virtual networking environment in the cloud. Key elements include CIDR Blocks for defining private IPv4 address ranges, subnets to organize resources, and route tables to manage traffic flow.

Internet Gateways enable connectivity between VPC resources and the internet. NAT Gateways/Instances allow outbound traffic from private subnets. Security Groups and Network ACLs control traffic, with the former associated with instances and the latter with subnets.

VPC peering connects separate VPCs securely, and VPC Endpoints provide private connections to AWS services.

VPN and Direct Connect establish secure links between on-premises data centers and VPCs. Amazon VPC offers flexibility in designing and configuring networks to meet specific application and security needs.

[4]Cloud technology has transformed healthcare by offering a dynamic and scalable platform for data storage, access and collaboration. In healthcare, cloud solutions enable seamless sharing of patient records, diagnostic images and medical information between healthcare providers, improving care coordination and decisionmaking. The cloud enables healthcare organizations to efficiently manage and analyze vast amounts of data, expand research capabilities, and support innovation in personalized medicine. In addition, cloud solutions increase the flexibility and availability of healthcare services, allowing doctors to securely access patient information from anywhere and supporting telemedicine initiatives. Despite data security and privacy concerns, the integration of cloud technology in healthcare continues to play a key role in modernizing healthcare delivery, promoting interoperability and ultimately improving patient outcomes.

[2] Elastic Compute Cloud - Amazon EC2 is a central service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables users to rent virtual servers, known as instances, in the cloud. These instances can be customized to host applications, run software, or process data. EC2 offers a variety of instance types to meet diverse computing needs, ranging from general-purpose instances to specialized instances optimized for specific tasks like computation, memory, storage, or GPU-intensive workloads.

[5]Cloud e-prescription systems offer a number of benefits, streamlining medication management by providing immediate and secure access to patient records, promoting effective communication between healthcare providers and pharmacies, and increasing overall interoperability. The scalability of cloud technology enables seamless integration with electronic health records, contributing to a more comprehensive healthcare ecosystem. However, these benefits come with security and privacy concerns. The potential risk of unauthorized access to sensitive patient data raises data security concerns, requiring robust encryption and authentication measures.

Privacy concerns also revolve around the transmission and storage of electronic prescriptions, which require strict adherence to regulatory standards to ensure patient confidentiality. Achieving a balance between benefits and addressing security and privacy concerns is critical to the widespread adoption and success of cloud-based eprescribing systems in ensuring both efficiency and patient data protection.

When you launch an EC2 instance, you can choose from a selection of pre-configured Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) or create your own custom AMIs. Each instance is associated with a specific instance type, which determines its computing power, memory, and storage capacity.

Key features of EC2 include the ability to scale instances up or down based on demand, pay only for the compute capacity you use, and choose from a global network of data centers, with multiple availability zones within each region to enhance reliability and fault tolerance. EC2 instances are often used in conjunction with other AWS services to build scalable and resilient applications.

In conclusion, the integration of cloud technology into electronic prescription systems has ushered in a new era of efficiency and accessibility in healthcare.

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Volume: 10 Issue: 12 |Dec 2023

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[3]Flow XO - Flow XO is a cloud-based automation platform designed to streamline the development of chatbots and automation workflows. With its user-friendly interface that requires little to no coding, the platform facilitates the creation of chat-bots for various applications.

Additionally, Flow XO provides robust integration capabilities, allowing businesses to connect with different services seamlessly. The platform also incorporates analytics tools, enabling users to gain insights into chatbot performance. Flow XO finds applications in optimizing operations, delivering efficient customer support, and automating repetitive tasks across a range of messaging platforms.

Flow XO employs a visual flow editor resembling a decision tree to create chat-bots without coding. Triggers initiate the conversation, leading to branches with conditional logic for personalized responses. The platform integrates external services, handles user inputs, and allows for iterative design. Testing and analytics tools aid in optimization, making it user-friendly for developing dynamic and context-aware chat-bots.

Fig 3.1: System Design [1] First Layer - Essential Characteristics: In the implementation phase, administrators use the ondemand self-service to efficiently manage pharmacy access and seamlessly upload databases, eliminating the need for direct human interaction. This not only streamlines processes, but also increases overall efficiency and responsiveness and facilitates immediate provisioning of resources.

3.1MODELLING The system consists of several key entities, each of which plays a different role in its functionality. The administrator, or admin, assumes responsibility for managing access to the pharmacy, securely uploading databases to the cloud, and overseeing physician inventory. With a focus on security, the admin serves as a central figure in keeping the system running smoothly.

The network-wide access model is implemented by allowing users, including physicians, patients, and pharmacists, to access the system through a variety of devices using standard mechanisms. This approach ensures cross-platform accessibility and promotes flexibility and convenience in the user experience.

Doctors within the system use websites with cloud-based security features to prescribe treatment to patients. They also contribute valuable feedback to the system and increase the overall quality and efficiency of healthcare services provided through the platform.

In the resource pooling model, the health care database is shared among users, which promotes efficient use of resources. This collaborative approach optimizes the use of resources, leading to economies of scale and specialization, ultimately benefiting the entire system.

Patients interact with the system primarily through websites, where they can book appointments, order medications, and share feedback about their experiences.

This direct engagement allows patients to effectively and conveniently manage their health needs.

A fast elasticity model is built into the system and allows it to adapt to changing load by dynamically adjusting the cost of computing resources based on usability. This implementation provides flexibility and cost-effectiveness by allowing the system to scale resources up or down as needed, ensuring optimal performance and resource utilization in response to changing demands.

Pharmacists, another integral entity in the system, contribute to the health database by securely adding billing information. In addition, they play a key role in generating patient bills and managing drug inventory, ensuring accurate and efficient financial transactions and inventory control within the pharmacy system. The collaboration of these different entities creates a complex and sophisticated health care ecosystem.

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[2] Second Layer - Service Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is implemented through cloud infrastructure that provides the necessary support for tasks such as database storage and management, especially for administrators. A significant advantage of IaaS lies in the provision of scalable and virtualized computing resources, enabling flexible and efficient resource allocation.

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Volume: 10 Issue: 12 |Dec 2023

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Platform as a Service (PaaS) is used when doctors prescribe treatment to patients through a web-based platform with cloud security. This implementation simplifies the application development and deployment process for clinicians, streamlines their workflow, and increases overall efficiency. Software as a Service (SaaS) is realized when patients interact with a cloud healthcare website for appointments, orders and feedback. The advantage of SaaS is evident in its delivery of software applications over the Internet, which eliminates the need for local installations and provides users with convenient and affordable solutions.

Fig 3.3: Chat-bot Architecture Incorporating an AI-based chat-bot is a key part of the healthcare system and serves the essential function of communicating with patients in real time. Designed to work seamlessly, the chat-bot becomes especially invaluable during emergency situations, providing patients with quick and accurate responses, essential instructions and immediate assistance. In addition to emergency situations, the chat-bot extends its usefulness by streamlining the process of purchasing medicines online. Patients benefit from this technology by receiving information about medicines, alternatives and guided support throughout the purchase journey on the pharmacy platform. In essence, an AI-powered chat-bot not only increases communication efficiency, but also plays a key role in facilitating and optimizing online drug sourcing, thereby contributing to more responsive and user-friendly healthcare.

Fig 3.2: Cloud Architecture At the bottom layer, different deployment models are explored. The Public Cloud model hosts the entire electronic prescription system on a public cloud that is accessible to authorized users from any location. This approach ensures cost efficiency and scalability with resources shared by multiple users. A private cloud deployment involves an administrator managing the healthcare database in the private cloud, prioritizing security and offering better privacy and control over sensitive user information. Hybrid cloud integration combines both public and private clouds within the system.

This model optimizes workload placement and data distribution based on specific requirements, while striking a balance between availability and security.

AI as a Service (AIaaS) is effectively implemented by integrating an AI-based chat-bot into the system through platforms like Flow XO. This integration enables real-time communication between the AI chat-bot and patients, leading to a number of benefits. One significant benefit is improved patient engagement, as a chat-bot facilitates seamless and immediate interaction with users. During emergency situations, an AI chat-bot serves as an essential communication tool that enables patients to receive quick responses and appropriate instructions, thereby improving the overall responsiveness of the healthcare system.

Finally, the community cloud model is implemented so that authorized users such as doctors, patients and pharmacists collaborate on shared resources. This encourages resource sharing and collaboration within a particular community and caters to the unique needs and dynamics of that user group.

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In addition, AIaaS optimizes the process of purchasing medicines online by providing valuable assistance to patients through a chat-bot. This includes offering information about medicines, suggesting alternatives and guiding users through the purchase process on the pharmacy platform. By streamlining these interactions, the AI chat-bot contributes to a more efficient and userfriendly experience for patients who wish to purchase medicines online. In short, implementing AI as a service with an AI-based chat-bot significantly improves patient interactions, emergency communication, and the overall process of online drug purchases within the healthcare system.

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Volume: 10 Issue: 12 |Dec 2023

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4. CONCLUSIONS This study focuses on the development of an online platform that revolutionizes patient-physician interaction by enabling seamless connectivity regardless of geographic limitations. The platform makes it easy for patients to connect with doctors from anywhere and gives them the convenience of getting medical advice and prescriptions at their doorstep. This not only improves the availability of health services, but also enables individuals to seek medical help at any time and breaks down barriers to timely access to health care.

A core aspect of this study is the incorporation of cloud computing to enhance system performance, especially in terms of security. The use of cloud computing infrastructure ensures a robust and secure environment for storing and managing sensitive health data. The use of cloud solutions not only increases the scalability and efficiency of the platform, but also significantly contributes to the protection of patient information and strengthens trust in the online healthcare ecosystem. The integration of cloud computing represents a strategic step to optimize system performance, ensure data integrity, and address key security issues in providing healthcare services through an online platform.

Fig 3.4: System Flow The patient interaction flow within the healthcare system follows a structured scenario where patients engage with the AI chat-bot in case of emergency. The chat-bot will quickly assess the situation, offer immediate guidance to the patient and, if necessary, immediately alert the relevant healthcare professionals. This streamlined process ensures that patients receive prompt and appropriate help at critical moments, increasing the overall responsiveness of the healthcare system.

5. FUTURE WORK Looking ahead, the future development of this project includes the implementation of a product tracking system designed to increase transparency in the drug supply process. By incorporating this system, users will be able to track the status and location of their medications and provide real-time insight into the delivery route. This not only ensures a more reliable and responsible pharmaceutical supply chain, but also gives patients confidence in the timely delivery of prescribed medicines.

In addition, improvements to the invoicing process within the platform are planned to streamline and optimize financial transactions related to healthcare services. The use of modern and advanced blockchain methods is part of this improvement strategy, which provides a secure and decentralized framework that ensures the integrity and transparency of financial transactions within the healthcare platform.

On the contrary, the online drug purchase flow is activated when the patient intends to buy the drug online. In this scenario, a chat-bot proves useful by helping the patient with detailed information about available drugs, their prices and guiding them through the purchasing process.

Once the patient makes a choice, the chat-bot seamlessly integrates this information into the prescription and sends it to the pharmacy. This integrated approach not only simplifies the process of purchasing medicines online, but also ensures that the prescription is effectively communicated to the pharmacy, contributing to a seamless and user-friendly experience for patients.

The project further envisages expanding its scope to include comprehensive data on the Blood Bank for emergency purposes. This addition serves as a critical feature that improves the usability of the platform in emergency healthcare situations. By integrating blood bank data, the system aims to provide quick and accessible information for healthcare professionals and patients who need blood-related medical procedures. This strategic expansion is in line with the broader goal of creating a

The overarching benefit of integrating a chat-bot into a system is twofold. First, Faster Response ensures that patients receive immediate and accurate assistance during emergencies, facilitating timely action. Second, the Efficient Medicine Purchase feature allows patients to navigate the online drug purchase process effortlessly under the guidance of a chat-bot, streamlining the entire process and improving the user experience within the healthcare system.

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more holistic and versatile healthcare platform that not only addresses routine medical needs but also addresses emergency scenarios and contributes to a more robust and comprehensive healthcare infrastructure.

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