“Analyzing Causes and Effects of Delay in Pipe Distribution network (PDN). – A Case Study of Mhaisha

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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“Analyzing Causes and Effects of Delay in Pipe Distribution network (PDN). – A Case Study of Mhaishal Lift Irrigation Maharashtra, India” Ms. Sayali A. Kore1, Prof. A. B. Patil2, 1PG Student, Civil (Construction Management), Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Warananagar, Pin – 416113, Maharashtra, India

2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Warananagar, Pin – 416113, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Maharashtra, a state with significant agricultural

Scheme plays a crucial role in managing water resources, ensuring that both urban and rural areas have access to clean and sufficient water. The Water Supply Scheme involves the collection, storage, treatment, and distribution of water to the public. It is designed to cater to the needs of domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors while maintaining sustainability and minimizing wastage. The water supply scheme ensures a more reliable and sustainable water supply for Maharashtra’s drought-prone areas. One of the critical aspects of any water supply scheme is its design to meet the needs of the population, both in terms of quantity and quality. This requires careful planning, data analysis, and long-term forecasting to ensure that future growth, climate variability, and changing consumption patterns are accounted for. Several water supply schemes and initiatives have been implemented in Maharashtra to address water scarcity, particularly in drought-prone areas. The water supply schemes include,

output, faces severe challenges due to its vulnerability to drought. In Western Maharashtra, several districts are particularly vulnerable to drought includes Pune, Satara, Sangali, Solapur and Ahmadnagar districts. Several water supply schemes and initiatives have been implemented in Maharashtra to address water scarcity, particularly in droughtprone areas. Krishna-Koyna Lift Irrigation Scheme plays vital role in solving these water scarcity issue. Water from Krishna River at Mhaishal KT weir (A/p- Mhaishal, Tal- Miraj, DistSangali) lifted to irrigate 81697 Ha area in Sangali & Solapur district. Water lifted from krishna river at mhaishal KT Weir is distributed through system of Canal Distribution Network (CDN) & Pipe Distribution Network (PDN). The conventional Canal distribution systems, are less expensive and easier to maintain than Pipe Distribution System, but have some drawbacks. To overcome this drawback and meet the demands of modern irrigation there is need of Pipe distribution system for water supply. The main aim of this project is to find the causes and effects of delay in Pipe Distribution Network System (on the basis case study on of Mhaishal LIS scheme, Maharashtra, India) and suggestion of remedial measures for these factors contributing to delay. This study is not only crucial for the PDN system of Mhaishal LIS, but it also has significant implications for equivalent irrigation projects internationally.

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 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) Water Schemes 

These Water Supply Scheme also plays an essential role in public health by ensuring that people have access to safe drinking water.

1. INTRODUCTION: Water is one of the most essential resources for human survival, economic development, and environmental sustainability. In Maharashtra due to geographical and climatic diversity, has several regions that area particularly prone to drought. Drought prone areas in Maharashtra experience a range of issue that impact agriculture, water resource and rural live hood. Drought poses a significant challenge to Maharashtra like reduced agricultural Productivity water scarcity, Economic strain soil degradation, migration health issue etc. Water Supply

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Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)

 National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) etc.

Key Words: Pipe Distribution Network (PDN), Canal Distribution Network (CDN).

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Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

In Western Maharashtra, several districts are particularly vulnerable to drought includes Pune, Satara, Sangali, Solapur and Ahmadnagar districts etc. facing challenges like erratic monsoon rainfall, over-reliance on groundwater, and inadequate water conservation measures. Krishna-Koyna Lift Irrigation Scheme plays vital role in solving these water scarcity issue. Tembhu dam is concrete gravity dam on Krishna River located in Satara district. It has capacity of 3.5 TMC and was built in 1984. The dam provides irrigation water to the Mhaishal lift irrigation projects and Takari lift

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irrigation projects. Water from Krishna River at Mhaishal KT weir (A/p- Mhaishal, Tal- Miraj, Dist-Sangali) lifted to irrigate 81697 Ha area in Miraj, Kavathemhankal, Jath, Tasgaon tahsils of Sangali district and Sangola, Mangalvedha tahsils of Solapur district.

sustainable agricultural practices in Maharashtra’s waterscarce regions. By leveraging innovative technologies such as solar power, energy-efficient systems, and advanced monitoring, MLIS has the potential to transform the agricultural landscape of the region and improve the quality of life for farmers. With the ongoing investments in infrastructure and technology, this project represents a model for future irrigation schemes in India and beyond.

Water lifted from Krishna river at mhaishal kt weir is distribute through system of, 

Canal Distribution Network

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Pipe Distribution Network

Table -1: Salient Features of Mhaishal LIS Sr no

The conventional Canal distribution systems, are less expensive and easier to maintain than Pipe Distribution System, but have some drawbacks like water theft, loss of water parameters, water pollution, water seepage, land required for service road etc. To overcome this drawback and meet the demands of modern irrigation there is need of Pipe distribution system for water supply. Pipes distribution system gives benefits like reduction in water loss and having capability of greater precise water distribution. However this system comes with some drawbacks like, Higher initial cost, complex selection of material of pipe to be used, handling of heavy pipes, corrosion, failures due to design, Theft, complexity in design, etc., which will result in project delay.

PDN system useful for large-scale irrigation projects, especially in regions with sufficient water sources. These system use pipelines to transport water. They are more expensive to construct but are more efficient than open canals. PDN system Can supply water to multiple farms and agricultural regions simultaneously. PDN system covers drawbacks of conventional CDN system and results in Higher water use efficiency, Reduced evaporation losses, Lower Maintenance cost, Reduced land acquisition and displacement, Minimized water contamination, Reduced flooding risk etc.

Project name

Mhaishal Lift Irrigation, Project

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Purpose of project

To lift water from Mhaishal KT weir on Krisha River to irrigate drought prone Areas in Sangli & Solapur

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Irrigation command (ICA) in HA

81697 Ha

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ICA ON PDN

5

Total PDN

Length

area 33300 Ha of

710 Km

M.M. Satpute, P.V. Khandve, M.L. Gulhane[8] (2012) inform as the global population grows rapidly, the demand for natural resources like water and food increases, creating a significant challenge. Traditional irrigation methods in India, which rely on open channels, suffer from high water loss— about 50% of water is wasted due to inefficiencies in storage and distribution. To address these issues, adopting Pipe Distribution Networks (PDN) offers a promising solution.

PDN utilizes HDPE pipes to deliver water under gravity flow, which significantly improves the efficiency of irrigation systems. This method minimizes water loss, reduces

1.2 MHISHAL LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEM (MLIS): The Mhaisal Lift Irrigation Scheme (MLIS) is a significant irrigation project located in the Sangli district of Maharashtra, designed to combat water scarcity in the region and improve agricultural productivity. The Mhaisal Lift Irrigation Scheme is a vital project aimed at ensuring

Impact Factor value: 8.315

1

Hasibullha Mohaseni, Hawna Sahay[1](2021) Describe the pervasive issue of construction delays in Afghanistan, specifically focusing on the Bist Hazer water supply project.

The authors conducted a comprehensive survey involving contractors, clients, consultants, and workers to identify and categorize the causes of delays. Their findings categorize delays into compensable, excusable, and non-excusable types. The study identifies 83 distinct causes of delay, grouped into project-related, owner-related, contractorrelated, design-related, material-related, equipment-related, and labor-related categories. The analysis utilized the Importance Index formula and Spearman’s Rank Correlation to assess the relationships and strength of agreement between various parties involved. Key findings indicate that projects with durations shorter than 12 months are highly susceptible to delays, with the first six months being particularly problematic.

1.1 Pipe Distribution Network (PDN):

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Particulars

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

The main aim of this project is to find the causes and effects of delay in Pipe Distribution Network System (on the basis case study on of Mhaishal LIS scheme, Maharashtra, India) and suggestion of remedial measures for these factors contributing to delay. This study is not only crucial for the PDN system of Mhaishal LIS, but it also has significant implications for equivalent irrigation projects internationally.

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Attribute

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maintenance problems, and increases the overall project efficiency (OPE). The Nagthana-2 project in Maharashtra exemplifies the benefits of PDN, showcasing improvements in water application efficiency and the ability to irrigate a larger area compared to traditional systems. Implementing PDN requires careful planning and adherence to specific guidelines, but it has the potential to enhance food production while conserving valuable water resources.

Embracing PDN could lead to more sustainable and productive agricultural practices, making it a valuable solution for modern water management and food production.

Gathering necessary data by conducting  Questioners survey,  Site visit  Check list

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Analysis of collected data  Finding causes of delay  Effect of delay

Mr. Sandesh, B.Kulavmode,Dr. S.S.Valunjkar[5] (2017) provides detailed guidelines for designing and constructing pipe distribution networks (PDN) for irrigation systems. It highlights the inefficiencies of traditional canal-based irrigation methods and advocates for PDN systems due to their higher application efficiency. The paper outlines design requirements for PDN, including pipe material selection, flow velocity, and control mechanisms. The study emphasizes the benefits of PDN, such as reduced water loss, lower maintenance costs, and compatibility with advanced irrigation methods. The guidelines aim to enhance project efficiency and reduce overall costs by adopting modern irrigation practices.

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Conduction of awareness program on site in order to improve productivity of work.

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Suggestion of remedial measures to avoid causes of delay

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Results and Conclusions.

Flow Chart:

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 

To study the present status of selected project and collect the information about work progress till date.

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To identify factors contributing to delay and effects of delay of selected ongoing project.

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To carry out analysis of various responses obtained through selected PDN water supply project.

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To recommend best suggestive measures for causes of delay.

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Chart-1

4. STUDY PROCESS: This study involves mainly the following process:

To improve productivity of work by minimizing time and cost of project.

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Determination of objective and scope of study work.

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Review of the literature.

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Data collections using the questionnaire survey, site visit.

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Analysis of causes and effects of delay on selected ongoing project

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Suggestions of remedial measure.

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Results and conclusions.

3. METHODOLOGY: The following methodology will be adopted: 

Gathering preliminary data about PDN for water supply scheme through review of existing literature.

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Collection of information about Mhaishal Lift Irrigation Scheme.

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Selection of ongoing PDN project of water supply scheme for study.

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5. OUTLINE OF THESIS: This thesis consists of the following Chapters: 

Study of present status of selected project.

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The first chapter explains the essential role of water supply schemes in ensuring the availability and

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equitable distribution of water. It highlights how water is sourced, treated, and distributed to meet the needs of domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors while maintaining sustainability. 

The Second Chapter explains literature review examines various studies on delays in irrigation and water supply projects. Key findings include the identification of multiple delay causes, such as poor planning, financial stability, and external factors like community unrest or pandemics.

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Chapter three explains The Mhaishal Lift Irrigation Scheme (LIS) in Maharashtra utilizes a Pipe Distribution Network (PDN) to improve irrigation efficiency in drought-prone areas. The project highlights the potential of PDN systems but also reflects ongoing hurdles in project execution and efficiency improvement.

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6. CONCLUSION: The analysis of delay factors in the PDN (Pipe Distribution Network) project across all key stakeholders—Owner/Department, Contractors and Sub-contractors, and Manufacturers and Suppliers— reveal that delays are a result of both internal inefficiencies and external disruptions.

The fourth chapter contains questionnaire survey for the PDN work will aim to gather insights from key stakeholders, including contractors, site engineers, and laborers, to identify the main causes of delays in the Mhaishal Lift Irrigation Scheme. It will focus on factors such as project planning, resource availability, material procurement, and labor management.

The fifth chapter include data analysis using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to rank and assess the significance of various delay factors identified in the survey. The RII will be calculated for each factor based on responses from stakeholders, such as contractors, engineers, and laborers, to determine their impact on project delays.

Sixth chapter include an awareness program. This will be conducted at the project site to educate workers, contractors, and engineers about the causes of delays in the PDN system and the importance of efficient project management.

The fifth chapter includes the data collection and analysis of sites by the green building rating system's criteria along with the methodology adopted to achieve the objectives of the dissertation.

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In seventh chapter remedial measures will be suggested to address the key causes of delay in the PDN project, focusing on improving planning, resource allocation, and communication among stakeholders.

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In seventh chapter the results will highlight the key findings from the analysis of delay factors in the PDN project, including their impact on time, cost, and quality.

The conclusion will offer actionable recommendations to mitigate delays, enhance productivity, and ensure the successful completion of future PDN water supply projects.

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Chapter no eight Represent references used for the project work. And deals with the listing of Publications.

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From the Owner's side, Delayed Payments emerged as the most critical factor, severely impacting contractors’ cash flow, procurement, and resource mobilization.

Additionally, Natural Disasters and Late Approvals also contribute to significant time losses, emphasizing the need for improved financial management, quicker decision-making, and risk preparedness within the department.

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For Contractors and Sub-contractors, the delays are largely caused by Local Public and Political Issues, Shortage of Skilled Workforce, Subcontractor inefficiencies, and Inadequate Tools and Equipment.

These findings indicate poor planning, resource constraints, and lack of coordination as the primary causes of project slowdowns and cost overruns.

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On the Manufacturer and Supplier side, the most pressing delay factors include Production Delays, Supply Chain Disruptions, Equipment Shortages, and again, Local Political Interference. These affect timely material delivery and overall supply reliability, directly impacting site work and leading to rework, increased cost, and timeline extensions

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The Factor Natural Disaster which is common for all stockholders is not avoidable factor because it is unpredictable factor so sometimes we are unable to control its effects due to unplanned change in weather condition. So we can only go with assumption only.

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Local Public and Political Problems are major factors which is sometimes completely depends on their mentality. Because of demand of money, to show political power, old and traditional mindset and lack of knowledge of the project So it’s very difficult to control this factors. Sometimes this delay factor is completely stop the project for long tim

7. REFERENCES: [1] Hasibullha Mohaseni, Hawna Sahay, “Causes of Delay

in Bist Hazer Water Supply Construction Project, Kabul Afghanistan,” International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), Volume 9, Issue-9.

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[2] Mr. Sandesh B. Kulavmode, Dr. S.S. Valunjkar,

“Guidelines for Construction of Pipe Distribution Network (PDN) for Irrigation,” IRJET, Volume 04, Issue 3

[3] N.A. Ngubane, M.A. Phiri, L.N. Kunene, “Cause and

Effects of Delay in the Implementation Phase of Infrastructure Construction Project,” School of Management, IT and Governance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

[4] Shreyansh Singhal, Dr. Rajeev Kansal, “Delay Analysis in Water Supply Project,” IRISRT, Volume 08, Issue 9.

[5] Snehankita

A. Karande, Amarsinh Landage, “Comparative Study of Pipe Distribution Network and Canal Distribution Network of Tembhu Lift Irrigation Scheme,” JETIR, Volume 11, Issue 6.

[6] Vidya Purandare, Dr. V. H. Bajaj, “Economic Appraisal of Lift Irrigation Scheme—Benefit-Cost Ratio and Internal Rate of Return: Case Study of Mhaishal Lift Irrigation Scheme,” IOSR-JHSS, Volume 22, Issue 1.

[7] W.D.A. Perera, R.U. Halwatura, “Causes and Effects of Delay in Construction of Medium-Scale Drinking Water Supply Project in Sri Lanka,” The Institute of Engineers, Sri Lanka

[8] Distribution Network: Analysis and Design, Handbook

[9] Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Management o Irrigation Projects, Report No.- 3 2014 GOM.

[10] Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan, Project

No.- 45371-007, WRD Madhya Pradesh & Contractor (L&T).

[11] Project Management Handbook, Department of Environment Health Services.

[12] Pipe Distribution Network for Irrigation, Handbook, Volume-1, GOM-WRD

[13] Pipe Distribution System for Irrigation, Handbook

by Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage -GOI

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