PROJECT|Failed-Icon Icon. Incremental Reuse of the Incomplete Project by S. Calatrava in Rome

Failed-Icon Icon |Project Thesis Project| Incremental Reuse of the ÂŤSports CityÂť Incomplete Project

by Santiago Calatrava in Rome as an Urban Device in Continuous (Re)Construction @Irina Bulgaru

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c o n t a c t

e d u c a t i o n

e x p e r i e n c e

s k i l l s

r e c o g n i t i o n

h o b b y

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the Monument

Project as Process in Time

I. Project context I.1 Context. Tor Vergata, Rome I.2 Agricultural Tor Vergata Research area&University of Tor Vergata II. Failed-Icon Icon as a City of Innovation and Experimentation II.1 Current State. A contemporary Ruin II.2 Concept. Failed-Icon Icon II.3 Strategy. Incremental reuse. Process of architecture II.4 Step 1. Ruin Reappropiation II.5 Step 2. Contextualization. Ecological restoration II.6 Step 3. Museum of Art&Technology II.7 Step 4. Multifunctional Reversible City

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I. Project Context Tor Vergata | Rome One of the biggest Research Area of Rome

Regarding the aesthetic aspect of the territory of Tor Vergata, Rome and the innovative evaluation of the visual qualities of the agricultural landscape, they have determined an overall recognition that deserve protection. Future aimed restoration should acknowledge the changing and unpredictable environment of the future, assume the dynamic nature of ecological communities with multiple trajectories, and connect landscape elements for improving ecosystem functions and structures. The analyzed area represents the synthesis of a palimpsest that took place during the centuries and are even today elements of absolute value.

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administrative subdivision of Rome Tor Vergata - VI municipio

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Agricultural Tor Vergata

land use 1955

natural water ditches project site land use 1990

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water ditches olive groves productive areas arable land vineyards urban residential areas historic villas&gardens cemeteries mix use areas

Cultural&Research Area of Tor Vergata In the area there are facilities of the following institutes of the National Research Council: IASC - Institute of acoustics and sensors Orso Mario Corbino ISAC - Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences IFT - Institute of translational pharmacology SM - Institute of structure of matter IIA - Institute on Air Pollution IMM - Institute of microelectronics and microsystems ISC - Institute of Complex Systems and of the National Institute of Astrophysics IAPS - Institute of Astrophysics and Space Planetology Italian Space Agency Archaelogical Museum University of Tor Vergata: Department of Biology Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering Department of Economics and Finance Department of History,Humanities and Society Department of Private Law Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine Department of Electronic Engineering Department of Enterprise Engineering “Mario Lucertini�

Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery Department of Industrial Engineering Department of Management and Law Department of Mathematics Department of Philosophy Literature Art Department of Physics Department of Public Law Department of Sciences and Chemistry Department of Systems Medicine

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Current State A Contemporary Ruin Failed-Icon

The master plan for the project Calatrava foreseen in the area of Tor Vergata University is designed as a long urbanistic promenade, connecting the Rectorate of the University with the City of Sports - clearly getting inspiration from the Circus Maximus in Rome. City of Sport is the ambitious project proposed for the candidacy of the city of Rome at the Olympic Games of 2024 and stems from the need to host sports activities of multiple types. The project area is situated on the Rome-Naples highway, including additional infrastructure for completion of the area development.

The Sports City has two main pavilions, one for the multi-purpose events, Palasport, and another one for accommodating the swimming pool, Palanuoto. The two pavilions are separate, and allow different events to be host at the same time.

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Right: Map of the Unfinished Buildings in Italy Fosbury Architects&Alterazioni Video

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Ager Romanus Hills City of Tor Vergata

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Unfinished Sport Complex Contemporary Ruin

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Context Tor Vergata city

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Project Site

Above: Current State Axonometry of the exisiting structure

Structural steel elements of existing shell

Unfolding structure of the metallic existing shell

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Concept. Failed-Icon Icon 1. Designed Icon 2. Failed-Icon 3. Failed-Icon as Opportunity

One of the most colossal ruin in Rome and one of the biggest throughout the national territory: the City of Sports in Tor Vergata, commonly referred to as ÂŤVela di CalatravaÂť

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→

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Media Icon of Failure

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Construction Site Phases initial project

Possibilities ruin

660

_proposal for a Botanical Garden, Natural Sciences department and Music facilities

520

390 _proposal for demolishing _323 mln spent _NO to Olympics 2020 _contruction site stops

260

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2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2006

2005

2004

120

mln euro

_project for Swimming Olympics _50% Roma Capital 50% INAIL mortage

2007

_changings in project size for hosting Olympic Games 2016

130 _project idea of Roma Capitale University of Tor Vergata and C.O.N.I _estimated time 24 months 0 _budget 60mln

_proposal of candidacy for Olympics 2020 _200mln spent

Incremental Project Proposal new project _proposal to finish the project for hosting Olympics 2024

2029

2028

2027

2026

2024

2025

program I temporary market library co-working spaces restaurants shops

museum research laboratories depository art caveau museum court

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

ruin riappropiation botancal garden green court new accesses promenade ramp temporary installations

program II offices residences hostel auditorium conference hall

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Possibilities

Initial project. Icon characteristics

Architectural philosophy: victorious history

Translucent, light

Brand: Santiago Calatrava

_400 mln financing _unnecessary monofunction

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_place without ident

2016

2015

Demolish

2014

2012

2011

2013

Temporary use

No context

2009

2008

Independent closed shape

2007

2006

2005

2004

Unique architectural character

_short term use _low income _expansive maintaining

Monofunction: Sport

Big mass, visibility

2010

Lobotomy

_5 mln euro for demolishing work _another project expenses

Inhabited Ruin. Failed-Icon Icon

_safety, acces expenses _expensive maintainance _low income

residence

shopping leisure time

botanical garden

RUIN emotion

art the medium

Multifunction and Human Scale

Contextualisation

science innovation

co-working spaces interactivity

2029

2028

2027

2026

2025

2024

City in continuous (RE)Construction

2023

2022

2021

2019

2018

2020

Interactivity and Social Engagement

Finish

2017

tity

Failed-Icon Icon Concept

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Strategy. Incremental reuse Process of architecture I. Contextualization II. Ruin Reappropriation III. Art&Technology Museum IV. Program II V. Program III

The proposal for the project is called ÂŤprocess of architectureÂť which means that the process in time of the carefully chosen activities is important.

The incremental reuse is needed now, when there are difficulties in finding huge amounts of finance to complete the project. The diagram explains the phases of the incremental reuse strategy. The project consists in 5 sub-projects which help to revitalize the structure in steps.

1. Context (sustainable infrastructure loop for electric tram and bicycles which connects the main university and research facilities) 2. Ruin Reappropiation (Is the fist step in approaching the ruin. The main interventions are the new accesses, the promenade ramp for bicycles and pedestrians and the botanical garden with the green courtyard. The goal of the first step is to accept the ruin as a concept, to see it as an opportunity not threat and to contemplate above its future destination) 3. The museum as a medium for learning (the museum is a mix between art and technology, and art is the medium through which get involved more people into science and research to broaden the both fields) 4. Program I. The temporary market, co-working spaces and offices (the main part of the project where practical activities are taking place and for financial sustainability) 5. Program II. Auditorium, conference hall, library and residence (enlarged program which makes of the structure a sustainable city) This is a scenario of 5 steps in time which any of them correspond to a specific cost (on horizontal) and time (on vertical). The cost line depends on the private or public investments available.

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I

II

III

IV

V

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2. Reappr

1. Context

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5f

3e

4e

5d

5e

1d

2d

3d

4d

1c

2c

3c

4c

1b

2b

3b

1a

2a

f1

f2

f3

f4

f5

time (financing)

1a eletric tram loop 1b ecological restoration of water ditches 1c agri-park 1d urban parks 2a bike&pedestrian ramp 2b new accesses -6.00 2c new accesses +8.00 2d botanical garden 3b temporary art events 3c art depository&caveau 3d research laboratories 3e art&technology museum 4c temporary market 4d co-working spaces shops&restaurants 4e offices for rent 5d multimedia library library 5e conference room auditorium sport hall 5f residences&guesthouse

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Step I Ruin Reappropiation Safety measures Green spaces Accesses Ramp

We have stopped visiting churches, cities have become neat consumption environments, quiet spaces are a luxury now, and landscapes have been cemented. Where can we go to feel small and alone?

To experience silence? To experience fate and the interplay between time and the elements?

The first step in approaching the building is a vital one and consists in visiting and spending time inside the abandoned building. One indication of the growing desire for spaces offering qualities such as these, is the fact that urban exploration, the act of tracing and exploring abandoned and ruined buildings, has grown from an obscure activity to an accepted form of tourism. Do we have the courage to change the polished, effective and profitable image of architecture into one that has more respect for time, nature and contemplation? Aimless structures could just be the kind of humble spaces we need for contemplation.

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Green Spa

EASE ENTER PLEASE ENTER PLEASE ENTER PLEASE ENTER PLEASE ENTER PLEASE PLEASE ENTER E

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visit incomplete buildigs raise awareness

botanical garden& green courtyard

promenade ram for bikes&pedestrians

promenade ramp through entire building

new accesses level +8.00

new accesses level -6.00

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Green Spaces Accesses Ramp

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Level +8.00

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Level 0.00

Level -6.00 30

Step II. Contextualization Sustainable infrastructure Loop Agripark/ Urban gardening Green Parks There is consensus in the scientific community that the current environmental degradation and destruction of many of the Earth’s biota is taking place on a catastrophically short timescale. Ecosystem function describes the most basic and essential foundational processes of any natural systems, including nutrient cycles and energy fluxes. An understanding of the complexity of these ecosystem functions is necessary to address any ecological processes that may be degraded.

1. Ecological restoration of the water ditches. The water ditches can become a sustainable resource of irrigation for the arable lands around and also work as natural wastewater treatment. Most of the water used by homes, industries, and businesses must be treated before it is released back to the environment. natural wastewater treatments can be very advantageous for a variety of reasons: simplicity of their design and construction, costeffectiveness- natural wastewater treatment processes have a lower cost in terms of building. efficiency, reliability- natural systems are very reliable even in extreme operating conditions as they can adsorb a wide variety of hydraulic and organic feed.

2. Create agri-park along the water ditches. Tor Vergata has a very fertile soil which can explain the territory’s argricultural character.Agriculture has become of great interest in finding new answers for how cities can master recent social, economic, and ecological challenges.

3. Create urban parks for leisure time and open-air participatory activities along the urban agriculture parks.

The vast parks include all the archaeological sites and bike paths in the area of Tor Vergata and adjacent localities.

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Above: Urban Regeneration Masterplan

create urban parks along the agri-parkwhich include the archaeological sites

create agri-parks along the water ditches for better irrigation

ecological restoration of the water ditches

Right: Ecological Restoration

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crops arable land fruit trees

highway

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olive trees

basins for experimental ecology

vineyards

inhabited ruin

archaeological site

car-road loop

parking

public space hill park open air cinema

crops arable land

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Step III-IV. Multifunctional Reversible City Economic crisis as well as the complex societal issues that our society currently faces, require a great deal of innovation. In fact, they require a culture in which design skills and collaboration between designers, scientists and creative pioneers play key role.

Collaboration, the entwinement of work and pleasure, mobility and sharing knowledge and expertise is almost a matter of course in this new experimental city.

3. Create urban parks for leisure time and open-air participatory activities along the urban agriculture parks.

The vast parks include all the archaeological sites and bike paths in the area of Tor Vergata and adjacent localities.

Tor Vergata has a big range of variegated research institutions and university science laboratories, results of which are exposed annually at the event «The European Researchers’ Night» in Frascati. Anyway, the spaces are not well adapted to this kind of events of international importance, and there is the need of a space dedicated to the exhibition of the innovative results in science and technology. Therefore, the Museum of Art&Technology is intended to merge art and science for a more efficient spreading of science, rise of interest among people and impovement of both domains, because of the new vision the artist and scientist offer to each other. Art can be the medium for a easier understanding of science, as a learning tool. The collision of arts and science is an ancient practice, it’s embedded into our daily lives and the key to engaging future audiences, as the Science Gallery experience attests, it’s an attractive lens to inspire young adults as they consider their impact on the future. Therefore the building can become an important meeting point of art &science in Europe and become a place of innovation and experimentation internationally.

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Art&Technology Museum Temporary program Permanent program

housing& residences

botanical garden library

co-working spaces

shops restaurants

temporary market

research laboratories museum

parking

museum lobby

offices

auditorium conferences

Right: Functional Program

green courtyard

depository archive

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level +8.20 housing&recidence guesthouse botanical garden camping

level +3.20 new accesses guesthouse multimedia library

level 0.00 co-working spaces shopping gallery shops&local products restaurants temporary market&food court museum of art&technology research laboratories

level -5.00 auditorium conference hall green courtyard parking offices for rent museum courts museum of art&technology museum lobby museum shop art depository 37

Museum of Art&Technology Laboratories: 1. plant biology lab 2. medicine lab 3. structure of matter lab 4. laser spectroscopy lab 5. photolithography, printing techniques lab 6. physical, chemical and biological micro-sensors lab 7. atoms and molecules lab 8. meteorology and atmosphere lab 9. techniques for restoration works of art lab 10. Quantistic technologies lab 11. X radiation and satellites lab 12. plasma chamber lab 13. space planetology lab 14. multispectral imager for subsurface lab

Science laboratories

a typical day for a local auditorium shops marketplace camping museum and library open-air events

a typical day for a student sport hall co-working housing restaurant open air events

Art museum

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a typical day for a researcher conference hall co-working restaurant residence research laboratory exhibition place

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Longitudinal&Transversal Section

1 3

2

Section 2|1:200

Section 1|1:200

Section 1|1:200

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photovoltaic solar panels

metalic curved structural beam 500mm beam type HEA 180, main structure support metalic frame 50mm soundproofing panels 25mm

Art&Science city for Innovation&Experimentation

+8.20

+3.20

0.00

-5.00

+8.20

+3.20 0.00

-6.00

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Longitudinal&Transversal Section

1 3

2

Section 2|1:200

photovoltaic solar panels

Longitudinal&Transversal Section

1 3

2

Section 2|1:200

Section 1|1:200

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photovoltaic solar panels

Section 3|1:100 Section 3|1:100 Dry construction systemsDry construction systems

beam type IPE 120 with interposed beam type IPE 120 with interposed rock wool insulation rock wool insulation wood panels with woodworm wood treatment 25mm panels with woodworm treatment 25mm windproof UV sheet 0,50 mm windproof UV sheet 0,50 mm

OSB panel 20 mm OSB panel 20 mm double layer of medium density rock wool double layer insulation of mediumwith density rock wool insulation with C-pillars for plasterboard in galvanized sheet 60 + 60mm C-pillars for plasterboard in galvanized sheet 60 + 60mm plasterboard sheet 12.5mm plasterboard sheet 12.5mm vapor barrier vapor barrier

plasterboard sheet 12.5mm plasterboard sheet 12.5mm plant cavity with C-posts for plasterboard in galvanized sheet 0.6 mm in galvanized sheet 0.6 mm plant cavity with C-posts for plasterboard thick, interposed with rock wool insulation 50 mm thick, interposed with rock wool insulation 50 mm double plasterboard slab 12.5+12.5mm double plasterboard slab 12.5+12.5mm white water-based paint for interior 0.5mm white finishing water-based paint for interior finishing 0.5mm

porcelain stoneware flooring tiles 250x750 mm 10 mm porcelain stoneware flooring tiles 250x750 mm 10 mm cement-based substrate 25 mm cement-based substrate 25 mm light insulating concrete 50mmlight insulating concrete 50mm underfloor insulation layer of extruded polystyrene underfloor insulation panels layer of80mm extruded polystyrene panels 80mm structural slab in corrugated sheet and concrete 55+70 mm withand electrostructural slab in corrugated sheet concrete 55+70 mm with electrowelded mesh welded mesh beam type HEA 180, main structure beam type HEA 180, main structure

metalic curved structural beam 500mm metalic curved structural beam 500mm beam type HEA 180, main structure beam type HEA 180, main structure support metalic frame 50mm support metalic frame 50mm soundproofing panels 25mm soundproofing panels 25mm

+8.20

+8.20

+3.20

+3.20

0.00

0.00

-5.00

-5.00

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Right: Ground Floor Plan

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Right: Metaphorical analysis of the terms used to describe Calatrava’s incomplete project: Drawings by the Author

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@Irina Bulgaru