Combining direct donor financing and technical assistance to improve primary education in Tanzania

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Combiningdirectdonorfinancing andtechnicalassistancetoimprove primaryeducationinTanzania

Non-confidential-Secure 25February2024
KayodeSanni,DanielWaistell CIESConference2024

Presentationoutline

PrimaryeducationinTanzania

UKaideducationsectorsupportinTanzania

ChangeinUKaidfinancingapproach

TheShuleBoraprogramdeliverylogic

CombiningTAandpaymentforresults–whatsuccesslookslike

MakingtheTA-PfRcombinationwork

CambridgeEducation

PrimaryeducationinTanzania

Keychallenges

•Weaksectorindicators(watershedmoment2016-5%of 7-year-oldsinStandard2canreadwithcomprehension; PTRof129:1inpre-primary;teacherabsenteeismat43%; childrenwithdisabilities0.05%ofprimaryenrolments)

•Fee-freeprimaryandlowersecondaryeducation introducedin2016(35%enrolmentincreaseinStdIinits firstyear)

•Consequentpressureonsupplyandaffordability–teachershortfallat80,000;30%increaseinno.of classroomsneeded;severeshortagesof infrastructureandtextbooks

•Governmentunabletocovergrowingcostsofprimary educationdespiteinvesting20%ofannualbudget

•Robustinstitutionaloversightofeducationwiththe President’sOffice–Regional&LocalGovernment workingalongsideMOEST(conflict,duplication,top-heavy management)

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UKaideducationsectorsupportinTanzania

•ArangeofdonorfinancingsupportavailabletothegovernmentofTanzania

•FocusonsupportprovidedbyUKaid

Bilateralprograms

ShuleBora(QualitySchool),2021-2027,£90m ($114m)

•TechnicalAssistance(managedby CambridgeEducation)£80m($101m)

•Impactevaluationandlearning(managedby DIME)£7m($9m)

•Multi-yearindependentverificationofpayment results(onbehalfofalldonorsinmulti-donor fund)£3m($4m)(managedbyOPM)

Centrallymanagedprograms

GirlsEducationChallenge–global; Tanzania$19m

EdTechHubICTandInnovation; EdTechTanzania$1m

Multilateralprograms

GlobalPartnershipfor Education(GPE)$112m(13% ofGPEglobalbudgetbyUK) (Tanzaniagrantagent–SIDA)

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ChangeinUKaidfinancingmodality

•UKaidappliedadirecttechnicalassistance(TA)modalityinfundingtheEducationQualityImprovementProgramme Tanzania(EQUIP-T)from2014-2020

•Apaymentforresult(PfR)modalitywasintroducedinjoiningotherdonors(WB,SIDA,GPEandKOICA)tocreatea multidonorfundundertheEducationProgramforResults(EPforR)from2015–2020

•CommitmenttoEPforRII…butfragmentationindonorcommunity(KOICAdidnotrenewfunding,WBoptedouttosetup $500mstand-alonefacility(BOOST),andUKaiddiscontinueddirectingfinancingofgovernmentandthemultidonor fund)

•EPforRIIlaunchedin2021–phase2multidonorfundwithSIDAandGPEasmaincontributors;UKaidretained commitmenttothemodalitybyfundingTAsupport

•UKaid’sShuleBora(QualitySchool)programmelaunchedin2021todeliverTAassistancealongsidethemultidonor fund(TA+PfR)

•ScopeofShuleBoraTA–improvedoutcomesinlearning,teachingandinclusion(girls,safety,childrenwithdisability)in nineregions+systemstrengtheningandnationalscalingthroughEPforRII–anewwayofworkinginTanzania

CambridgeEducation 6

Goal (GoT/donors)

TAto9disadvantaged regions (UKaidfunded)

Learning

Sustainedsystem reform

National Regional Local

Teaching

Inclusion/safety (allchildren)

Measurableresults/ testingandscaling

EPforRDLRs

(multidonordirect financing)+TAbyUKaid

Schoolsmeetminimum requirements(focusonlowest quartileLGAs)

Teachercompetenciesand classroomteachingimproved

Systemsandfinancial managementstrengthened

Survivalratesandlearning outcomesinbasiceducation improved

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ThedeliverylogicofShuleBoratodriveeducationimprovement

TAsupporttodeliverpaymentlinkedresults

•TAprogramtoimprovecapacityateverystageoftheEPforRchain,and

•Providetesting,adaptationandlearningplatformfornationalscalingthroughEPforR

•Successofcombinedmodalitiesdependentonalignmentofmultiplestakeholders–governmentanddonors

•Anexperimentwithpotentialtodemonstratesystemstrengtheningandimprovedonorcoordination

Agreement

Donorsandgovernment collaborativelyagree DisbursementLinkedResults (DLRs)andIndicators(DLIs)

Delivery

AchievementofDLIsby governmentandverificationof resultsbyindependentagent

Payout

Disbursementoffundsby donorsbasedonDLIpricelist and%ofDLIsachieved

FocusonsystemstrengtheningthroughmixoffoundationalandoutcomeDLIs,annualprogressreview, monitoring,learningandscaling

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Technical AssistanceSupport

TAsupporttodeliverpaymentlinkedresults

Whatsuccesswilllooklike

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Trackingsystemperformancebeyondshortterm results;pathwaystoinclusionandlearning outcomesdefinedthroughTAprogram

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Testinginnovationsandadaptingtolocalneedsin 9regionsanddeepunderstandingofsystemic issuesthroughTAprogramdrivesevidencebasedscaling(national)throughEPforRII

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Ownershipatregional,LGAandcommunitylevel strengthenedthroughrelationshipbuildingofTA program,makingforamoreinclusivesystem

Structural,institutionalandimplementation challengesfacedbyTAprogram,e.g.,civilservice allowancesandworkshopcosts,addressed efficientlythroughEPforRII

6 Implementationsuccessdependson government’sinterestandcapacitytoabsorband applytechnicalimprovements.EPforRII influencesdeploymentofappropriatepersonnelto supportimplementationacrosstheprogram

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4Reviewsandadjustmentsofpaymentlinked resultsshapedbylessonslearnedinschoolsand LGAs(communicationofevidencethroughTA program)

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Securingconsensusamongstdonorsand commitmenttojointDLIs,achievingVFM,and rationalisingdemandongovernment’s managementcapacity

Cultureofdatauseandevidence-basedplanning establishedatalllevelsthroughTAprogram enhancescapacityofgovernmentstafftoplan, manageandreportDLIperformance

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Shorttermresultsbut…moreisneeded

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CombiningtheTAandPfRprogramswillhelptodeepenresults

MakingtheTA-PfRcombinationwork

Somekeyconsiderations

Systeminclusiveness

RegionsandLGAshave differentiatedneeds,priorities, capacityandperformancebaselines. TheTAprogramcanhelptobring thisfrontandcentreoftheEPforRII planning,analysesand disbursementprocesses.

Accountabilityforfunds‘won’

Handingovercontrolofresources throughpaymentsintogovernment financialsystemsempowers governments,buttheriskofnonor lowaccountabilityneedstobe managedviaMOUsandoperational proceduresthataretransparent.

Absorptivecapacityofrecipients

Abalancingactisneededbetween funddisbursementtargets,timelines, andverificationprotocolsofdonors andtheabilityofgovernmentto manage,monitorandreportwithin existingcapacity.TAcanplaya facilitativerole.

Donorcoordination

Individualdonorrequirementsare notalwaysaligned,leadingto fragmentationofTA,multiple verificationprotocols,andastrainon government’sfragilecapacity.Active donorcoordinationviaTAprogram canminimisethis.

Capacitybuilding

Embeddingtechnicaland managementcapacitywithin governmentinstitutionsand workflowsandavoidingcapacity substitutioniskey.Realownership liesbeyondcoordinatingwork logistics.

CatalyticroleofTA

Theeducationlandscapeisfluidand effectiveTArequiresflexibilityand adaptabilitytorespondtoevolving challenges(political,policy, emergency).Thiswillhelptokeep EPforRIIgrounded,relevantand responsive.

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Thankyou

Non-confidential-Secure

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