urrent Condition of Indonesia's Competitiveness and Secondary Education
on the Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011, it can be concluded that some pillars of esia’s competitiveness have low quality [5]. Some pillars are related to human resources and human l, such as health and basic education, the quality of higher education and training, labor market ncy, financial market development and technological Therefore, Participation of secondary education in Indonesiareadiness. is still very low. It can beone seenof the steps that d be taken to enhance the quality of these pillars is to improve the quality of human resources itself. clearly from Net Enrollment Rate (NER) data of Indonesia in 2003-2009 (see Figure 1).
Number of Participation
When compared with SD/MI SMP/MTS pation of secondary education in (elementary Indonesia school) is stilland very low. (junior It canhigh be school), seen clearly from Net ment Rate the (NER) data of in 2003-2009 Figure 1).school) Whenis compared with SD/MI enrollment rateIndonesia of SMA/SMK/MA (senior and(see vocational high much entary school) and SMP/MTS (junior high school), the enrollment rate of SMA/SMK/MA (senior and lower. onal high school) is much lower.
100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,00 SD/MI
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 92,55 93,04 93,25 93,54 93,78 93,99 94,37
SMP/MTs 63,49 65,24 65,37 66,52 66,90 67,39 67,43 SM/MA
40,56 42,96 43,50 43,77 44,84 44,97 45,11
Figure 1. Trend of Net Enrollment Rate (NER) in Indonesia 2003-2009 (in %) Figure 1. Trend of Net Enrollment Rate (NER) in Indonesia 2003-2009 (in %)
on the Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011, the position of secondary education enrollment on the Global Report 2010-2011, position not of secondary f IndonesiaBased was ranked 95 inCompetitiveness the world of 139 countries. It isthe certainly surprising, given the low education enrollment rate of Indonesia was ranked 95 in the world of 139 countries. pation rates of secondary education (SMA/SMK/MA) in Indonesia (only 40.56 to 45.11%) during the is certainly surprising, given thethe lowquality participation rates of secondary education 2003-2009.ItBased on not previous research, of secondary education (especially vocational) in Indonesia (only 40.56 to 45.11%) the years 2003-2009. Based important (SMA/SMK/MA) factor for increasing competitiveness andduring economic development of Indonesia today. ding to Wicaksono, etresearch, al. (2010), high-quality vocational development is a response to encourage on previous the quality of secondary education (especially vocational) is donesian economy and take of competitiveness windows of opportunity [7]. In conclusion, increasing the one important factoradvantage for increasing and economic development pation of secondary particularly vocational (SMK), canvocational be considered as one of of Indonesiaeducation, today. According to Wicaksono, et al.school (2010), high-quality ays to improve the nation's and to the encourage economic in Indonesia. development is acompetitiveness response to encourage Indonesian economygrowth and take advantage of windows of opportunity.7 In conclusion, increasing the participation of
he Role of Vocational High School in Improving National Competitiveness: Analysis Result secondary education, particularly vocational school (SMK), can be considered as one of the ways to improve the nation’s competitiveness and to encourage economic
uthors recommend the government to enhance the role of vocational education in order to increase growth in Indonesia. al competitiveness. Increased competitiveness has significant impact on increasing productivity and ues. One indicator of prosperity and income in a particular region is regional gross domestic product 3.2 The Role of Vocational High School in Improving National Competitiveness: Analysis Result The authors recommend the government to enhance the role of vocational education in order to increase national competitiveness. Increased competitiveness
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