Wij leveren complete installaties voor ontstoffing, luchtreiniging en pneumatisch transport
Technieken voor o.a.:
- Ontstoffing van productieruimtes (MAC)
- Reduceren van geuremissies (NER)
- Reduceren van stofemissies (NER)
Componenten die wij o.a. kunnen leveren:
- Natfilters & Droogfilters
- Cyclonen
- Gaswassers
- Topsteen- / Frogreinigers
- Naverbranders
Projecten kunnen turn-key worden uitgevoerd
Wij garanderen de emissie & grenswaarden
Engineering, bouw en onderhoud in eigen beheer
Mesys Industrial Air Systems BV
Molenstraat 27, 6914AC Herwen
www.mesys.nl +31 (0) 316 248744
Info@mesys.nl
Hoog vacuüm stofzuiginstallatie
Natfilter met slibtransporteur
Frogreiniger
12 KVK Innovation Top 100 2024
On Saturday, November 16, in Rotterdam Ahoy, the winners of the KVK Innovation Top 100 were announced by a professional jury. This year, entrepreneurs could register under one of five categories: Circular Economy, Energy Transition, Labor Market & Society, Health & Care, and Food, Water & Infrastructure.
22 Sensitive ceramics
Robots that can sense touch and detect temperature differences? An unexpected material could soon make this a reality. Researchers at Empa's Laboratory for High-Performance Ceramics are developing soft, intelligent sensor materials based on ceramic particles.
24 Betonprijs (Concrete Award) 2024
The winners of the Dutch Beton Award 2024 were announced during the Beton Event held on Thursday, November 21, at the Van Nelle Factory in Rotterdam. The awards featured six categories: Existing Construction, Civil Engineering, Sustainable Construction, Groundbreaking Construction, Utility Construction, and Residential Construction.
30 Dutch Design Week 2024
Every year in October, the Dutch Design Week (DDW) takes place in Eindhoven. The largest design event in Northern Europe presented the work of designers from 19 to 27 October 2024, spread across more than a hundred locations in the city. A selection of the materials on offer.
36 Living in a wind turbine?
Vattenfall and design studio Superuse converted a nacelle, the top part of a wind turbine, into a tiny house. This nacelle is four metres wide, ten metres long and three metres high and comes from a turbine that stood in Austria for 20 years. With the tiny house, Vattenfall demonstrates how materials can be reused in innovative ways. The tiny house were on prominent display during Dutch Design Week from 19 to 27 October.
Innovatieve Materialen (Innovative Materials) is a digital, independent magazine about material innovation in the fields of engineering, construction (buildings, infrastructure and industrial) and industrial design.
Advertizing & sponsoring Drs. Petra Schoonebeek ps@innovatievematerialen.nl
Cover: Jonas building by ABT, Betonprijs (Concrete Award) 2024 pag. 24
Plant pots made from invasive water hyacinth
In collaboration with Fiber Engineering GmbH, the Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung (DITF) has developed a process for manufacturing biodegradable flower pots. These pots are affordable, biodegradable, and crafted from fibres derived from the invasive water hyacinth. According to DITF, this offers an economically viable method to combat an invasive species.
Water hyacinth is a fast-spreading plant that poses a significant threat to native ecosystems in many countries worldwide. The plant reproduces both through rhizomes, on which new plants grow, and by seed. This dual method of propagation allows water hyacinths to proliferate extensively, becoming a severe nuisance. The plant can suffocate other aquatic vegetation and block entire rivers.
A notable example is Lake Victoria in Africa, where water hyacinths first appeared in the early 1990s. The issue worsened due to the discharge of large amounts of untreated sewage and agricultural and industrial wastewater, increasing the nutrient content - particularly nitrogen and phosphorus - in the lake. This nutrient influx fueled massive growth of the exotic water hyacinth, resulting in fish deaths from oxygen depletion, the production of climatedamaging methane gas from decaying plant material, and obstruction of both shipping routes and energy production from hydroelectric plants.
Various methods are used to control the spread of water hyacinth, typically by removing the plants from water bodies and processing them into biomass. This served as the starting point for DITF’s research project.
The project began by defining material requirements for the plant pots, including dimensional stability (even when
wet), any potential impact on plant growth, cost-effectiveness, and complete biodegradability with a goal of achieving 'unlimited' compostability.
The raw material used in this project is a water hyacinth-based biomaterial marketed by the American company In-Between International under the brand name CYNTHIA. This material is primarily cellulose and must be sieved and treated with a hydrophobic agent before further processing to impart moisture resistance to the plant pots.
Next, the prepared raw material is combined with a binding agent to ensure the pot’s dimensional stability. Following laboratory tests with various binding agents, a thermoplastic was selected that performed well during hot-press
processing and fully met biodegradability requirements.
The ratio of binding agent to fibre raw material was optimized, and tests in an industrial composting facility confirmed that the material is completely biodegradable in line with project objectives.
Fiber Engineering GmbH from Karlsruhe, a project partner specializing in fibre injection moulding (FIM), produced the first prototypes. Ultimately, calculations indicated that the plant pots can be manufactured at a competitive price. According to DITF, an additional advantage for marketing the product is that it helps address a global environmental problem.
More at DITF>
(Photo: DITF)
‘Thermal batteries from refractory bricks to decarbonise heavy industry’
Industries such as cement, steel, chemicals, and paper production require significant amounts of heat, which is typically generated by burning fossil fuels. In a push towards greener practices, alternatives are being explored, including innovations by Electrified Thermal Solutions, a startup led by Daniel Stack and spun off from MIT. Since joining MIT in 2014, Stack has been developing thermal batteries made from ceramic refractory bricks capable of storing and releasing heat.
This concept is rooted in an age-old technique. Firebricks, inexpensive bricks made from fired clay, have been used in fireplaces and ovens for thousands of years. In recent years, Stack and MIT researcher Charles Forsberg demonstrated the potential of firebrick thermal batteries in a paper titled Performance of Firebrick Resistance-Heated Energy Storage for Industrial Heat Applications and Round-Trip Electricity Storage. Building on this research, Stack co-founded Electrified Thermal Solutions in 2021 to commercialize the technology. The company has since created advanced refractory bricks capable of efficiently storing heat for extended periods and releasing it via air or gas at temperatures exceeding 1,700 °C. Branded as Joule Hive batteries, these systems convert renewable energy into heat rather than electricity or chemical storage. The stored heat can then be directed to industrial processes through air or gas flow.
Electrified Thermal’s standard bricks can collect and release approximately 5 megawatts of energy and store about 25 megawatt-hours, depending on the application.
According to experts, this breakthrough could enable traditionally hard-to-decarbonize sectors to transition to renewable energy. The technology also offers a cost-effective way to utilize electricity when it is most affordable and eco-friendly. The bricks are 98 percent similar to conventional firebricks and are manufactured using established production methods, making them straightforward and economical to produce.
Electrified Thermal Solutions is currently building a commercial-scale system, expected to be operational within seven months.
(Illustration MIT)
Nominees InfraTech Innovation Award highlight material innovations
On November 26, the nominees for the InfraTech Innovation Award 2025 were announced. The jury selected nine projects from nearly 50 submissions, divided into three categories: Product Innovations, Process Innovations, and Sustainable Collaboration. According to the InfraTech organization, these entries stood out for their innovative approaches to sustainability, efficiency, and collaboration in the infrastructure sector. Notably, many projects focused on material innovations.
Product Innovation
One example is Buoycrete stabilization by Boskalis Nederland B.V., nominated in the Product Innovation category. Buoycrete is a stable underwater concrete mix with neutral buoyancy (±1,000 kg/m³) and high compressive strength (over 25 MPa). It is particularly useful for quay repair projects, addressing issues like leaching and preventing future damage. Buoycrete also protects vulnerable pile heads and restores the connection between the capping floor and the pile foundation. Boskalis claims this innovation can extend the service life of quays by at least 30 years.
Neolithic B.V. received a nomination for its on-demand 3D printed wells, which streamline the traditionally slow process of creating custom wells. Instead of waiting months and relying on increasingly scarce skilled labor, Neolithic's
Video Buoycrete stabilisatie
Neolithic B.V.: on-demand 3D printed wells
Boskalis Nederland: Buoycrete
robotic 3D printing process delivers fully customized, material-optimized wells in a fraction of the time.
In the Sustainable Collaboration category, the Asphalt Recycling Train (ART), submitted by the Province of Gelderland, was recognized. ART is a series of machines that heats, loosens, enhances, mixes, and relays old asphalt directly on-site in a single operation. This method ensures the old asphalt is entirely reused in a high-quality, circular manner. By eliminating the need for transporting materials, ART also significantly reduces emissions.
Another nominee in this category is DuSpot, a matching tool for circular building materials. While not directly involving materials or processes, DuSpot is an innovative marketplace that optimizes the reuse of circular building materials. It helps reduce costs, lowers CO₂ emissions, and improves material flow management.
More at InfraTech (Dutch)>
Boskalis Nederland: Buoycrete
Video ART
DuSpot
Video DuSpot
Cement production without CO 2 emissions
The current, conventional method of producing cement has a large CO2 footprint: for every kilogram of cement produced, nearly the same amount of carbon dioxide is emitted. Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) have developed a method that can virtually eliminate the carbon dioxide released during cement production. Carbon dioxide accounts for approximately eight percent of global CO2 emissions in the atmosphere.
In a new study, published in the Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering journal by the American Chemical Society, the researchers describe how this new approach can be easily integrated into existing cement production processes, providing a more cost-effective alternative to current solutions for decarbonizing the industry.
Ordinary Portland cement, the most common type of cement, is a basic material used as a binder in almost all modern concrete - the world’s most widely used material after water. This cement is made using limestone as a natural source of lime. However, the traditional method of cement production, where limestone is heated in a kiln fueled by fossil fuels, leaves a massive CO2 footprint. The thermochemical
The ZeroCAL approach, which can be integrated within the existing cement-production process, uses limestone feedstock to produce calcium hydroxide - which emits no carbon dioxide when burned to produce lime for cement. Byproducts of the process include hydrogen gas, which can be used as a clean-burning fuel to heat cement kiln
(Credit: University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA, Adrienne Johnston)
decomposition of limestone to produce lime or calcium oxide - the key component in cement production - is responsible for approximately 60 percent of the released CO2, while the combustion of fossil fuels to heat the kiln accounts for the remaining 40 percent.
As an alternative to lime, the UCLA researchers used a different calcium source: calcium hydroxide. Unlike limestone, calcium hydroxide releases only water when heated in a kiln. The new method, called ‘ZeroCAL’ - an acronym for zero carbon lime - works as follows.
Using limestone as a raw material, the researchers first dissolved the limestone in an aqueous solution containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Through membrane nanofiltration and an electrochemical process, the calcium was then processed into calcium hydroxide.
The process produces by-products such as hydrochloric acid and baking soda, as well as oxygen and hydrogen gas, with the latter potentially serving as a clean fuel to heat cement kilns. According to UCLA, the method would result in 98 percent less CO2 emissions compared to traditional cement production. UCLA states that the process is suitable for further scaling. In collaboration with Ultratech Cement Limited - the largest cement manufacturer in India - the researchers plan to esta-
blish a demonstration plant for large-scale cement production using the ZeroCAL process in the near future. According to the researchers, the ZeroCAL method could also present a new way to decarbonize steel production by using low-carbon lime as a calcium source in the production process.
The study was published in October in Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering by the American Chemical Society under the title ‘ZeroCAL: Eliminating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Limestone’s Decomposition to Decarbonize Cement Production.’ It's available online>
More at UCLA>
Recycling carbon fibre composite into reusable materials
Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) have developed a new process for upcycling composite materials, such as those used in car panels and light rail vehicles. The study was recently published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are composite materials that combine carbon fibres with polymers. Carbon fibre consists of extremely thin strands of carbon, typically with a diameter of around 5 to 10 micrometers, composed of elongated carbon crystals. These fibres have exceptional tensile strength and stiffness, making them ideal for manufacturing composite materials. These composites are formed by combining carbon fibres with a polymer matrix, such as an epoxy, polyester, or vinyl resin, which acts as a binder. The polymer holds the carbon fibres together and shapes the composite material. CFRPs are lightweight yet strong, making them widely used in the production of wind turbine blades and the automotive and aerospace industries. However, recycling CFRPs is difficult, posing a growing problem as more CFRP waste accumulates. USC forecasts indicate that by 2030, between 6,000 and 8,000 commercial aircraft containing composite materials will reach the end of their service life worldwide. By 2050, discarded wind turbines are projected to contribute 483,000 tons of composite waste.
USC’s new method allows the carbon fibres in CFRPs, which provide strength and durability, to remain mostly intact. These fibres can be reused in new production processes, retaining more than 97 percent of their original strength. A key component of this new process involves biotechnology. The researchers introduced a specific type of fungus, Aspergillus nidulans. After breaking down the polymer in the plastic matrix
into benzoic acid, this serves as a food source for the fungus, which then converts it into a chemical feedstock known as (2Z,4Z,6E)-octa-2,4,6-trienoic acid (OTA). OTA can be used to manufacture various products, including those for medical applications.
According to USC, this is the first method to successfully recover both the matrix and carbon fibre components of CFRPs, transforming waste into valuable products and reducing environmental impact.
The research findings were published in late October in the Journal of the American Chemical Society under the title ‘Composite Recycling with Biocatalytic Thermoset Reforming’. (doi. org/10.1021/jacs.4c10838).
More at USC>
A rigid material that blocks vibrations and noise
A compressor hums, an air conditioner rattles, and the chassis of a train carriage vibrates, transmitting these vibrations to the passengers. Vibrations are not just a nuisance; they can also be damaging. Over time, they can degrade materials, wear out machinery, and reduce their lifespan. Furthermore, the noise generated by vibrations is both annoying and harmful to health.
To minimize vibrations and noise, engineers typically employ vibration-damping materials such as foam, rubber, or mechanical components like springs and shock absorbers. However, these solutions are often bulkier, heavier, and more costly. Additionally, it is not always possible to effectively suppress vibrations using retrofitted damping elements. This has created a global demand for materials that are rigid and load-bearing
but also capable of damping vibrations - a challenging combination, as these properties are typically contradictory. Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a material that merges these seemingly incompatible characteristics. This work was led by doctoral student Ioanna Tsimouri under the supervision of Professors Andrei Gusev and Walter Caseri from ETH’s Department of Materials. Tsimouri engineered a series of materials consisting of layers of rigid materials interconnected by ultra-thin rubbery layers, which were created by crosslinking a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixture.
The first prototypes incorporated silicon and glass plates 0.2 - 0.3 mm thick, interconnected by rubbery layers with thicknesses of only a few hundred nano-
meters. Calculations indicated that the damping polymer layers should constitute less than 1 percent of the total material volume, while the rigid glass or silicon layers should make up at least 99 percent.
Subsequent tests confirmed that these new composite materials possessed the desired properties. The laminate exhibited excellent damping characteristics along with high stability. Moreover, the polymer used is temperature-resistant and maintains its damping properties across a broad temperature range. It only becomes glassy and loses its damping abilities at temperatures below minus 125 °C (exact temperature missing). According to the researchers, this innovative laminate has a wide range of potential applications, including window glass, machine housings, and automotive
Ioanna Tsimouri has invented a damping yet rigid laminate that she drops for testing (Image: Michel Büchel / ETH Zurich)
components. Other promising areas include aerospace and sensor technology, where advanced damping materials are in high demand.
The researchers patented their invention earlier this summer. Their findings have been published in the journal
Composites Part B: Engineering under the title ‘Lightweight silicon and glass composites with submicron viscoelastic interlayers and unconventional combinations of stiffness and damping.’
It is online>
More at ETHZ> Video
Soap can be more sustainable: made from sugar beet pulp
Chemist Laura Jansen from Radboud University has succeeded in making effective soap from sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of sugar beet processing. This could offer a sustainable alternative to conventional soaps. Laura Jansen completed her doctoral research on this topic.
When sucrose is extracted from sugar beets, for example for candy production, sugar beet pulp remains as a byproduct. Typically, this pulp is used as animal feed, but since it contains other interesting sugar molecules, Jansen wanted to explore whether more value could be derived from it.
Soap is an example of an emulsifier:
a substance that helps mix two substances that are normally difficult or impossible to mix. A soap molecule consists of two parts: a 'hydrophilic' part that dissolves in water and a 'hydrophobic' part that dissolves in oil. Dirt particles generally dissolve in oil and are attracted by the hydrophobic part. The soap molecule - along with the dirt - is then dissolved and rinsed away in water due to the hydrophilic side. This is how all soaps work, from hand soap to laundry detergent.
Jansen utilized the water-soluble property of sugar by modifying sugar molecules from sugar beet pulp using green chemistry, allowing them to dissolve in both
water and oil. This resulted in a new molecule, for which she has obtained a patent in collaboration with the innovation company Cosun RD&I.
Laura Jansen defended her doctoral thesis on this subject on November 8 at Radboud University in Nijmegen. Her research has been published in the journal BioChem under the title ‘The industrial application potential of sugar beet pulp-derived monosaccharides d-Galacturonic acid and l-Arabinose.’
It is online>
Radboud University>
KVK Innovation Top 100 2024
On Saturday, November 16, in Rotterdam Ahoy, the winners of the KVK Innovation Top 100 were announced by a professional jury. This year, entrepreneurs could register under one of five categories: Circular Economy, Energy Transition, Labor Market & Society, Health & Care, and Food, Water & Infrastructure.
Panels of innovation experts selected from over 225 entries for a spot in the annual Top 100. Entries were evaluated based on their impact on society and the sector, originality, availability, realized revenue, and growth potential. Unlike many competitions, the KVK Innovation Top 100 does not award cash prizes; instead, winners receive recognition and an award. The
initiative highlights the capabilities of Dutch SMEs, especially in material innovation.
More can be found at KVK Innovatie Top 100 website (Dutch)>
FashionPower BV
Recycled dope-dyed coffee yarn
FashionPower BV topped the Circular Economy category with its innovative recycled coffee yarn. The company incorporates carbonized coffee grounds into yarns or fabrics, replacing synthetic chemicals to enhance material functionality. The result is breathable, moisture-absorbent, and odor-reducing textiles that reduce water use by 60 - 90 percent, consume 60 percent less energy, and cut CO2 emissions by at least 60 percent. Furthermore, the process mitigates water pollution - critical, given that 20 percent of global water pollution stems from the clothing industry. FashionPower’s method redefines sustainability in fashion.
More at www.fashionpower.eu
Bouw•Novum
Sheltr Modulair building
Bouw•Novum earned the fourth place in the Circular Economy category for its sustainable and innovative approach to construction. By pre-fabricating components in factories and collaborating with local companies for assembly, it achieves efficient, nature-inclusive, and circular building solutions. Its designs use biobased materials like cross-laminated timber and natural insulation, ensuring longevity and reusability after 100 years. This method minimizes raw material waste, supports climate goals, and advances a circular economy.
More at www.bouwnovum.nl
SaXcell
Saxcell 2.0: Cellulose pulp from discarded cotton
Ranked sixth in the Circular Economy category, SaXcell BV produces cellulose pulp from discarded cotton through a fast, eco-friendly chemical recycling process. This pulp is transformed into high-quality fibers that outperform traditional cotton. SaXcell’s innovation addresses textile waste and reduces environmental impact while also eliminating reliance on forestry for cellulose fiber production. This recycling process extends the lifespan of stored CO2, further benefiting the environment.
More at www.saxcell.com>
Biosphere Solar Circular solar panels
Biosphere Solar achieved tenth place in the Circular Economy category for its easy-to-repair and fully recyclable solar panels. Designed for longevity, these panels simplify upgrades, repairs, and recycling, all while maintaining competitive costs and high efficiency. By enabling recovery of valuable materials, Biosphere Solar significantly reduces
More at www.biosphere.solar
Echo Acoustic
Acoustic ceilings from recycled textiles
Eleventh place in the Circular Economy category went to Echo Acoustic, which creates acoustic ceiling panels from recycled textiles and sheep’s wool. Unlike traditional materials like glass or stone wool, their ceilings are sustainable and non-toxic. By repurposing approximately 4 kilograms of clothing per square meter, Echo Acoustic diverts textile waste from landfills and incineration. The gas-free, energy-neutral production process further reduces environmental impact.
More at www.echo-acoustic.nl
Ore Energy
Iron-air long-term energy storage battery
Ore Energy secured eleventh place in the Energy Transition category with its iron-air battery technology, which offers cost-effective, long-duration energy storage. Capable of storing energy for over 100 hours, these batteries use abundant, recyclable materials such as iron and water. At just €16/kWh, they are 90 percent cheaper than Li-Ion batteries and represent a scalable, environmentally friendly solution for renewable energy storage.
More at www.oreenergy.com>
Bambooder Biobased Fibers
High-Performance Bamboo Fibers
Twelfth in the Circular Economy category, Bambooder Biobased Fibers has patented a mechanical process for extracting long bamboo fibres for applications such as automotive parts and facade panels. Unlike chemical extraction, their method preserves fibre performance while minimizing water use and eliminating harmful chemicals. By utilizing fast-growing bamboo, they offer a sustainable solution with minimal environmental impact.
More at www.bambooder.nl
Solarix
Colored Solar Panels for Facades
Solarix earned nineteenth place in the Energy Transition category for its coloured solar panels designed to integrate seamlessly into building facades. Using ceramic color technology, these panels meet both architectural and technical needs. Their patented mounting system, made from 80 percent recycled aluminum, allows individual panel replacement, promoting long-term sustainability.
More at Solarix>
Formal Compact Injection Molding
Pre-FOT Injection Molding Prototypes
Nineteenth place in the Labor Market & Society category went to Formal Compact Injection Molding for its innovative use of 3D-printed molds and custom injection molding machines. This approach enables companies to produce high-quality prototypes within a week, reducing costs and accelerating development by avoiding unnecessary iterations.
More at www.formalmolding.com
Urban Reef
Nature-Inclusive 3D-Printed City Elements
Seventeenth in the Food, Water & Infrastructure category, Urban Reef creates 3D-printed elements from circular materials like dredged clay to enhance biodiversity and climate adaptation in cities. These elements improve water quality, support biodiversity, and mitigate heat and water storage issues, contributing to healthier urban environments.
More at www.urbanreef.nl
Insulating glass research wins third prize in RAAK Award
On November 28, the annual RAAK Award was presented at the SIA conference in Nieuwegein. This award recognizes research projects from universities of applied sciences, highlighting the value of practice-oriented research and making it more visible and accessible to a broader audience. This year, the first prize was awarded to a research team from HAN University of Applied Sciences for developing a toolkit of physical and digital solutions to assist autistic young people with daily challenges. The second prize went to Advanced Precision in Food Safety at Hogeschool Leiden, which demonstrated how DNA sequencing can help food processing companies identify and monitor contamination sources and implement preventive measures.
The third prize was awarded to a materials research project led by Ed Melet, Associate Professor of Circular Construction, focusing on reusing insulating glass. Each year, over 90,000 tons of flat glass are removed from buildings in the Netherlands, primarily due to demolition or insulation upgrades. While most of this glass is recycled into products like glass wool and packaging, this process is energy-intensive and results in the loss of high-quality material. At the same time, glass manufac-
turers continue to use virgin raw materials for new production. Reusing insulating glass offers significant environmental benefits, both in energy savings and circularity, and this project explored how to achieve these benefits.
The Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences led the research, forming a consortium that included the entire construction chain, from glass processors to building owners. Strategies were developed to upgrade old insulating glass to the quality of new HR++ glass and reuse flat glass in HR++ glass after dismantling. The project also devised a method to assess whether it is better to reuse insulating glass as a whole or dismantle it and repurpose the glass panes. In most cases, dismantling proved more effective due to the glass's age or diminished argon concentration. Several partners have already commercialized these strategies for reusing removed insulating glass.
The jury commended the research team for their comprehensive approach, which has prompted widespread adoption within the construction sector - an impactful step toward a circular economy.
More about the insulating glass reuse project at SIA (Dutch)>
Recycling power cables with microwaves
Researchers from Sophia University in Tokyo and Italy’s Università di Pavia have developed a microwave-induced pyrolysis method to recycle power cables. This technique breaks down PVC insulation while preserving the copper, enabling the recovery of valuable materials without generating harmful byproducts.
According to the researchers, the method provides a simple and effective way to separate copper wires from PVC cables without the use or production of toxic chemicals. In this process, power cables are placed in a glass reactor and subjected to microwave radiation. The pyrolysis carbonizes the PVC insulation, allowing the copper wire to be easily recovered while preventing the release of hazardous byproducts. Currently, only about 35 percent of PVC insulation is recycled. The researchers suggest that their new method could make electronic waste recycling cleaner, faster, and significantly more sustainable.
The research was recently published in RSC Advances under
the title ‘Recycling of e-waste power cables using microwave-induced pyrolysis - process characteristics and facile recovery of copper metal.’ https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05602G
More at Sophia University>
Steengoed in klei
Delgromij is specialist in klei. Of het nu gaat om het winnen van klei of het toepassen ervan. We leveren niet alleen de belangrijkste grondstof voor bakstenen, dakpannen en infrastructurele werken. Met kleiwinning beschermen we ons land ook tegen hoogwater en maken we nieuwe natuur.
Greener with graphite: Turning plant waste into high-tech material
Synthetic graphite - commonly used in various industries - is usually produced from fossil-based materials, primarily coke and tar. Both of these raw materials have a significant carbon footprint and require substantial energy to produce.
Researchers at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago have developed a new method to produce graphite from charred plant material. Their method, created in collaboration with scientists from Northwestern University and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, was published in late October in the journal Nano Micro Small.
Graphite plays a crucial role in many everyday products, such as various forms of electronics and batteries. This makes it increasingly important to use more sustainable resources. That is exactly what the Chicago researchers have achieved. The new method utilizes plant-based ‘biochar’ material to produce high-quality graphite with a significantly lower environmental impact compared to conventional methods.
Graphite is one of the softest elemental solids, with a hexagonal crystal structure. It consists of stacked layers of interconnected six-membered carbon rings arranged in a honeycomb pattern. Compared to other forms of carbon, graphite is softer, yet it can conduct electricity, which makes it valuable in electronics, energy storage, and materials science. However, for many applications, graphite must be in the form of perfect crystals - something difficult to achieve because starting with the disordered carbon structures found in plant materials presents challenges. Essentially, the
carbon the researchers used initially was of too low a quality to be suitable for high-tech applications. Instead of starting with whole plants, the research group focused on biochar, a by-product of bio-oil production (a fuel made from biomass). Biochar is a dense, carbon-rich substance that remains after vegetable oils are extracted and offers a much more concentrated source of carbon than raw plant material.
To convert disordered carbon into graphite's precise hexagonal structure, researchers often use iron. When a
carbon-iron mixture is heated and then cooled, the carbon organizes itself into layers on the iron's surface. The Pritzker researchers discovered that cooling this mixture more slowly than usual led to larger, more organized graphite crystals. Their bio-graphite, cooled over approximately eight hours instead of the usual three, contained crystals that were five times thicker and over fifteen times wider than those produced by previous methods.
Calculations showed that their graphite production method required significantly less energy and resulted in lower
Researchers led by PME Professor and Argonne scientist Stuart Rowan developed a method that uses charred plant material to produce high-quality graphite, like the hexagonal crystal shown here (Credits: Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago)
greenhouse gas emissions compared to other bio-graphite methods. To demonstrate the utility of their bio-graphite, the researchers used the material in graphene ink to print sensors and other small electronics. They showed that these inks had higher conductivity than inks made from other bio-graphite and were well-suited for use in electronics. To further expand graphite applications, such as in batteries, the research team aims to refine the method to produce even larger graphite crystals. They are also working on scaling up production and reducing the costs of the bio-graphite production process.
The research was published in late October under the title ‘Sustainable Production of Biomass-Derived Graphite and Graphene Conductive Inks from Biochar’ and is available online.>
More at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering van de University of Chicago>
New catalyst converts greenhouse gas methane into polymer
While methane gas is less abundant than carbon dioxide, it has a far greater impact on global warming due to its molecular structure, which traps significantly more heat in the atmosphere.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a novel catalyst capable of converting methane into useful polymers, offering a potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The new catalyst operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, making it easier and more cost-effective to implement in locations where methane is emitted, such as power plants and livestock facilities. In their study, the researchers used a zeolite - a type of iron-modified aluminium silicate - paired with the enzyme alcohol oxidase, which is commonly found in bacteria, fungi, and plants and is used to oxidize alcohols.
This hybrid catalyst enables a two-step reaction: the zeolite first converts methane into methanol, and the enzyme then oxidizes methanol into formaldehyde. The reaction also produces hydrogen peroxide, which is recycled as an oxygen source to sustain the conversion of methane into methanol.
Once formaldehyde is generated, the researchers demonstrated that it can be used to produce polymers by adding urea. This resinous polymer, known as urea-formaldehyde, is widely utilized in products like particleboard, textiles, and other materials.
The team also envisions integrating the catalyst into pipelines used for transporting natural gas. In such applications, the catalyst could create a polymer sealant to repair cracks in the
MIT chemical engineers designed a two-part catalyst that can convert methane gas to useful products. The catalyst consists of iron-modified aluminum silicate plus an enzyme called alcohol oxidase (enzyme not pictured)
pipes in the event of a leak. The research was published in the December issue of Nature Catalysis under the title ‘Concerted Methane Fixation at Ambient Temperature and Pressure Mediated by an Alcohol Oxidase and Fe-ZSM-5 Catalytic Couple.’
More at MIT>
(Photo: MIT)
MAKE IT MATTER
MAKE IT MATTER is compiled in collaboration with MaterialDistrict (MaterialDistrict.com). In this section new, and/or interesting developments and innovative materials are highlighted.
Ecoshell
Designer Yingfei Zhuo developed Ecoshell: an innovative line of building tiles made from waste materials from the fishing industry. Oyster shells and fish bones are processed in this way into valuable and aesthetic building materials. The calcium carbonate that is naturally present in the shells provides strength, making Ecoshell tiles resistant to weathering and salt corrosion. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
BODEM Circulair Terrazzo
The BODEM Circular Terrazzo collection was developed by designer Max Lipsey, who devised a unique technique to give discarded pottery a new purpose. He uses cracked or broken ceramics, grinds them into small pieces, and combines them with a binder to create terrazzo products. Recycled ceramics make up 80 percent of the BODEM Circular Terrazzo. More at
Recycled vineyard plastic finds new life in eco-friendly plant pots
The Maastricht-based company Healix has partnered with Elho, a brand specializing in innovative plant pots, to create a vineyard plastic-inspired plant pot collection. These pots are made entirely from recycled vineyard plastic, blending sustainability with aesthetic appeal for eco-conscious interiors.
Fragments of the Past
‘Fragments of the Past’ is a circular material developed by designer Mayra Deberg as part of a material research project at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto. It is made from recycled construction and demolition waste, combined with granite dust and a cement-based binder. By reusing locally produced waste, it significantly reduces the need for new aggregates, making it a more sustainable option.
CoolJeans
CoolJeans is an award-winning circular upholstery spray developed by Cooloo. It is made from residual materials from textile recycling and a bio-based binder. Using Cooloo's Endless Life technology, the spray allows textile particles to be applied to any object, surface, or shape. The material is versatile and can be used for soft and hard surfaces, furniture upholstery, product renovation, and acoustic panels.
More
Rockpanel stones
Rockpanel boards are made from compressed natural basalt, a common volcanic rock, bonded with an organic binder that gives all Rockpanel products their distinctive properties. These panels combine the durability of stone with the workability of wood. Their lightweight nature makes them easy to handle and particularly suitable for high-rise applications. More at MaterialDistrict>
Cruz Foam
Cruz Foam is a high-quality, sustainable protective foam designed for shipping impact-sensitive and temperaturecontrolled goods, among other uses. It is primarily made from food waste and, according to the manufacturer, is the first fully compostable packaging foam with properties comparable to expanded polyethylene.
Sensitive ceramics
Robots that can sense touch and detect temperature differences? An unexpected material could soon make this a reality. Researchers at Empa's Laboratory for High-Performance Ceramics are developing soft, intelligent sensor materials based on ceramic particles.
Ceramics are more than just bathroom tiles or kitchenware. According to Frank Clemens, research group leader at Empa's Laboratory for High-Performance Ceramics, ceramics can also conduct electricity, be ‘intelligent,’ and even sense stimuli. Together with his team, Clemens is developing soft sensor materials using ceramics. These sensors can detect changes in temperature, stress,
pressure, or humidity, which makes them highly interesting for use in areas like medicine and soft robotics.
Materials scientists, like Clemens, define ceramics as inorganic, non-metallic materials produced from a collection of loose particles in a high-temperature process called sintering. The composition of ceramics can vary, which affects
their properties. Empa's researchers work with materials such as potassium sodium niobate, zinc oxide, and carbon particles. None of these materials are naturally soft. To create flexible sensors, the researchers embed ceramic particles into stretchable plastics, known as highly filled systems. These structures consist of a thermoplastic matrix filled with as many ceramic particles as possible,
Empa researcher Frank Clemens and his team develop soft and intelligent sensor materials based on ceramic particles (Image: Empa)
without compromising the matrix's elasticity. When the highly filled matrix is stretched, compressed, or exposed to temperature fluctuations, the distance between the ceramic particles changes, altering the sensor's electrical conductivity. It is not necessary to fill the entire matrix with ceramic; using 3D printing, the researchers can also place the ceramic sensors like ‘nerves’ within flexible components.
The Clemens research group has successfully produced soft sensors that respond selectively to pressure or temperature alone. These sensors were integrated into a prosthetic hand, allowing the prosthesis to ‘feel’ finger movements and detect contact with hot surfaces. Such sensitivity would be useful for both robots and human prostheses. The Empa team has taken this a step further by developing a soft ‘robotic skin.’ Similar to human skin, the multilayered plastic skin responds to touch and temperature differences. To evaluate the complex data, the Empa researchers collaborated with scientists from the University of Cambridge to develop an AI model, training it with data from approximately 4,500 measurements. In their latest project, the researchers combined ceramic sensors with artificial muscles. Together with colleagues from ETH Zurich and the University of Tokyo, they developed a ‘biohybrid robot’ that senses its movements using a soft, biocompatible, tissue-integrated piezoresistive sensor.
According to Clemens, the ultimate goal of their research is to enable humans and machines to collaborate safely and harmoniously. Current robotic systems tend to be large, clumsy, and often quite strong, making them potentially dangerous for humans. Therefore, Clemens believes it is crucial to develop robotics
with touch sensitivity and reflexes. As humans increasingly share their workplaces with robots, it is essential that robots respond quickly and sensitively to touch, among other stimuli. The Empa researchers aim to make their soft ceramic sensors even more sensitive and intelligent. To achieve this, they are combining new ceramic materials and soft polymers, optimizing the sensors' properties. Empa believes the key to success lies in the interaction between these two components.
The research was published in late September in the journal Advanced Intelligent Systems under the title ‘Sensor-Embedded Muscle for Closed-Loop Controllable Actuation in Proprioceptive Biohybrid Robots.’ It is available online>
Original text: Empa>
Empa researcher Christopher Bascucci demonstrates a soft material that can be enhanced with ceramic sensors (Image: Empa)
Betonprijs (Concrete Award) 2024
The winners of the Dutch Beton Award 2024 were announced during the Beton Event held on Thursday, November 21, at the Van Nelle Factory in Rotterdam. The awards featured six categories: Existing Construction, Civil Engineering, Sustainable Construction, Groundbreaking Construction, Utility Construction, and Residential Construction. This year, the Beton Award received an impressive 63 submissions. In September, a jury shortlisted three nominees for each category, and one winner was ultimately selected per category. Additionally, one project received an honourable mention, and another was chosen for the audience award.
The awards were distributed as follows: Existing Construction: Herta Mohr (Submitted by De Zwarte Hond); Civil Engineering: Groote Wielenplas Bicycle Bridge (Submitted by BAM Infra Nederland); Sustainable Construction: Geopolymer Concrete Bridge Slaghaam
(Submitted by Municipality of Rotterdam); Groundbreaking Construction: Replacement of Hoog Burel Viaduct (Submitted by Dura Vermeer); Honorable Mention: Bus Depot Breda (Submitted by Holland Scherm BV); Utility Construction: Netherlands American Cemetery
Visitor Center (Submitted by KAAN Architecten); Residential Construction: Jonas’ (Submitted by ABT bv)
More on the Beton Award can be found here (Dutch)>
Netherlands American Cemetery Visitor Center; KAAN Architecten
Category: Existing Construction
- Herta Mohr
De Zwarte Hond won the award for the Herta Mohr project in the Existing Construction category. The project involved expanding the building of the Faculty of Humanities in Leiden, originally designed by architect Joop van Stigt in the 1970s. Known for its surrealistic design, the building was renovated and expanded from 12,458 m² to 16,008 m². The upgraded structure achieved a BREEAM Excellent certification due to its focus on sustainability and energy efficiency.
Central to the renovation was circular construction. Emphasis was placed on reusing existing materials, including bricks from the middle house and paving stones from the surrounding area. Old wooden ceiling panels were repurposed as decorative wall lattices in the atrium. Even demolished concrete was crushed and reused in new concrete. The concrete finishes varied, with smooth sections cast in wooden molds and other areas exposed to create texture.
More details about this project can be found here (Dutch)>
Category: Civil Engineering
- Groote Wielenplas Bicycle Bridge
The Civil Engineering category award went to BAM Infra Nederland for the Groote Wielenplas Bicycle Bridge between Moerdijk and Halderberge. The bridge connects the southern part of the De Groote Wielen neighbourhood with its northern centre and was built using low-cement concrete. This sustainable concrete concept, developed by BAM Infra Nederland, reduces cement content and incorporates recycled aggregate from old asphalt, cutting CO2 emissions by 25 percent, or approximately 35,000 kg.
The bridge’s design is sleek, with minimal support points, reducing material use. Recycled materials were incorporated into the bike paths, and the concrete mixture was enriched with recycled gravel.
More about this project can be found
here (Dutch) >
Category: Sustainable Construction - Geopolymer Concrete Bridge Slaghaam
The Geopolymer Concrete Bridge Slaghaam by the Municipality of Rotterdam won in the Sustainable Construction category. As part of the Interreg Urbcon project (2019 - 2023), Rotterdam aimed to reduce CO2 emissions and limit raw material use in concrete production. The project focused on alkali-activated materials (geopolymers) and industrial by-products, achieving a bridge entirely free of cement and containing 50 percent secondary aggregates.
The project serves as a foundation for further sustainable concrete construction in Rotterdam, with a follow-up bridge incorporating lessons learned planned for 2025.
More details are available here (Dutch)
Category: Residential Construction - ‘Jonas’
In the Residential Construction category, the award went to ‘Jonas’, submitted by ABT. This striking, sustainable building features 273 residences and public facilities, with concrete playing a prominent role. Its structure - marked by large spans and cantilevered sectionswould not have been possible with other materials.
The main load-bearing structure uses ‘green’ concrete with eco-friendly cement. Secondary aggregates were incorporated, and the concrete and reinforcement steel usage were optimized, reducing the environmental impact by over 30 percent. The design includes slim floors and walls, with recycled concrete aggregate to promote reuse.
(Photography: Sebastian van Damme)
More information is available here (Dutch)>
Category: Groundbreaking Con-
struction - Replacement of Hoog Burel Viaduct
The Replacement of Hoog Burel Viaduct, submitted by Dura Vermeer, won in the Groundbreaking Construction category. The project demonstrated the high-quality reuse of precast concrete girders from demolished viaducts. These girders, which typically last hundreds of years, are often crushed during demolition. The ‘Girders 2.0’ team (Royal HaskoningDHV, Vlasman, Dura Vermeer, and Haitsma Beton) showed that these girders could be reused safely, efficiently, and profitably.
At the Hoog Burel viaduct, reused girders, some 40 years old, were incorporated into a new structure expected to last an additional 100 years.
More can be found here (Dutch)>
In the same category, an honourable mention was awarded to Bus Depot Breda, which used basalt fibre reinforcement instead of traditional steel. This innovation reduced environmental impact while advancing technology and collaboration in sustainable construction.
Details can be found here and here (Dutch)>
Category: Utility ConstructionNetherlands American Cemetery Visitor Center
In the category Utility Construction: Netherlands American Cementery Visitor Center in Margraten, Limburg, the Concrete Award went to KAAN Architecten, who also won the public award for the same project.
The concrete process required an innovative approach in which layers were carefully poured and compacted without mixing. The result was a natural layered effect. Each new layer could only be applied four hours after the underlying layer had been poured.
More information can be downloaded here (Dutch)>
More at KAAN>
Carpet fibres strengthen concrete and reduce carpet waste
Researchers from Australia's RMIT University have developed a method to enhance the strength and crack resistance of concrete by incorporating carpet fibres. This approach can help lower the annual cost of repairing cracks in reinforced concrete structures in Australia, which amounts to approximately A$8 billion (€4.9 billion). It also addresses the environmental challenge of textile waste, as Australia ranks second globally in per capita textile consumption after the United States. On average, an Australian buys 27 kilograms of clothing and textiles annually, with 23 kilograms ending up in landfills.
The RMIT researchers conducted a detailed analysis of various standard carpet fibres in reinforced concrete, marking a first-of-its-kind study. The goal was to understand how commonly used waste carpet fibres, including nylon, polypropylene, polytrimethylene terephthalate, and polyester, contribute to concrete reinforcement. The study utilized fibres with a volume fraction of 0.3 percent and 0.5 percent, each measuring 12 millimeters in length. The research focused on mechanical properties, shrinkage and crack behaviour, pore structure, microstructure, and the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ), a transition area in the cement paste around aggregate particles in concrete.
Results showed that a fibre volume of
0.3 percent delivered optimal performance. All tested fibre types reduced shrinkage compared to concrete without fibres, with nylon T1 achieving a 22.3 percent reduction after 90 days. Additionally, fibre inclusion improved the flexural and split tensile strength by 12 percent and 39 percent, respectively. The mechanical properties of individual fibres significantly influenced the performance of the concrete.
According to the researchers, this study highlights the potential of carpet fibre-reinforced concrete as a sustaina-
ble solution with enhanced mechanical properties, reduced shrinkage, and an efficient use of carpet waste.
The findings were published in the journal Construction and Building Materials under the ‘Enhancement of concrete performance and sustainability through incorporation of diverse waste carpet fibres.’
It’s online>
More at RMIT>
Production process of fibre reinforced concrete
(Photo: RMIT)
From Fibre to Future
Cellulose Fibres and Biosynthetics – The Conference Driving the Future of Sustainable Textiles
The high quality professionals will demonstrate how textile waste and other waste materials can be processed into new cellulose-based man-made fibres, contributing to sustainability and circularity in the textile industry and many other sectors.
• Strategies in Changing Market Conditions for Cellulose Fibres
• Biosynthetics – Replacement for Traditional Synthetic Fibres
• Sustainability and Environmental Impacts
• Fibre-to-Fibre Recycling from Textiles
• Supply Chain Innovation
• New Technologies and Applications for Fibres
• Marine Biodegradability versus Fibre Microplastic Formation
Dutch Design Week 2024
Every year in October, the Dutch Design Week (DDW) takes place in Eindhoven. The largest design event in Northern Europe presented the work of designers from 19 to 27 October 2024, spread across more than a hundred locations in the city. A selection of the materials on offer.
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
SPRING Chair
Rotterdam-based designer Govert Flint of Enrichers has created an office chair that aligns perfectly with the principles of a circular economy. The SPRING Chair is crafted from two flat-packed sheets of stainless steel and is assembled by the end user, eliminating the need for glue, staples, or complex production processes. Stainless steel was chosen for its strength, durability, and recyclability, ensuring that the chair can be fully disassembled and recycled at the end of its lifecycle. This approach not only minimizes waste but also simplifies production while adhering to circular design principles.
The SPRING Chair was unveiled at this year’s Dutch Design Week and developed as part of the European Commission’s Better Factory programme. In collaboration with furniture manufacturer Antares Romania, Flint explored how manufacturers can adapt their processes to embrace circular economy principles. The SPRING Chair exemplifies how thoughtful design can reduce waste, simplify production, and engage end users in creating sustainable furniture.
www.enrichers.nl>
NIMMA Can Do
NIMMA Can Do explores what biobased construction could look like when the community is actively involved. Designer Catinca Tilea collaborated with Nijmegen residents over three months to grow an object using household organic waste as a substrate for fungus. This process creates a solid, biodegradable material suitable for construction.
The project was part of the Artist in Residence: Toekomstdenkers initiative, a collaboration between arthouse LUX and Het Besiendershuis. Its aim is to use art to envision Nijmegen’s future, focusing on the theme of the circular economy.
More at LUX-Nijmegen>
(Photo above: LUX Nijmegen)
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
REBIKE
Imagine starting from scratch - a blank canvas to design daily life for modern society. This concept forms the core of Robert Bronwasser’s presentation at Dutch Design Week, under the theme 'Timeless is More.' Bronwasser believes that the first step toward a sustainable future is designing products that last a lifetime. Such products should be repairable and adaptable to changing needs.
To illustrate his vision, Bronwasser introduced four innovative concepts: REBIKE: A bike designed for life; REMIX: A modular kitchen that evolves with its owner; REPLAY: A portable multimedia player; RECOVER: Slow fashion-inspired furniture. These concepts reflect his philosophy of sustainability, blending durability, flexibility, and timeless design. More
www.robertbronwasser.com/
Trillix Bamboo Pavilion
The Trilix Bamboo Pavilion, designed by Dutch studio akēka, is a sustainable bamboo structure showcased at the Ketelhuisplein during Dutch Design Week. This innovative pavilion highlights the potential of bamboo in eco-friendly urban design and sustainable architecture.
Built with intricate wickerwork from one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth, the pavilion was developed by a consortium comprising the Dutch Bamboo Foundation, studio akēka, and
Vinc Math Bamboo Consulting. Originally constructed in Uganda as a demonstration project, it showcases the versatility and strength of locally produced bamboo as a building material.
Sustainability lies at the heart of the pavilion’s design. Every element, from material selection to construction, was planned to minimize environmental impact. As a rapidly renewable resource, bamboo embodies the principles of ecological responsibility.
www.dutchbamboo.org/pavilions
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
RePit Nawa
RePit is a play on the word 'repeat,' emphasizing the recycling of date pits into valuable raw materials. This project transforms date seed composite material into an environmentally friendly alternative for 3D printing applications.
In 2022, the global date palm industry generated approximately 975,000 tons of date seeds, often treated as waste. RePit seeks to convert these by-products into sustainable materials for the 3D printing industry, offering a green alternative to traditional plastic-based filaments. This innovation reduces reliance on non-renewable resources, limits waste, and decreases environmental impact. By replacing plastic with date seed composites, RePit helps lower greenhouse gas emissions, supports the circular economy, and diverts waste from landfills.
The date stones used in the project come from Oman, harvested during the Al Qaidh season. As part of the project, they are processed into biomaterials for custom-made tiles.
More at DDW>
Minimal Matter
Minimal Matter, by London-based designer Rameshwari Jonnalagedda, explores geometries with minimal surfaces. These shapes, known for their high surface-to-volume ratios and intricate cellular structures, offer immense potential in architectural applications.
The project investigates how these geometries can be tailored to meet specific design requirements, such as porosity and structural integrity. This adaptability allows for a wide range of applications, from energy-efficient cooling towers to bio-inspired designs. For instance, porous facade panels can regulate temperature and air quality, reducing energy consumption while enhancing comfort.
Beyond architecture, minimal surface geometries contribute to ecological benefits, such as biodiversity support, air filtration, and coral reef restoration. They also hold promise in interior design and furniture, utilizing materials like recycled plastic.
More at DDW>
(Photo: Rameshwari Jonnalagedda) Video
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
From Plants to Plastics
Earlier this October, Avantium NV introduced Releaf: a groundbreaking plant-based, recyclable polymer known as PEF (polyethylene furanoate).
Releaf offers a sustainable alternative to PET plastic, commonly used in bottles, packaging, and textiles. It can be produced from raw materials such as corn, sugarcane, or agricultural waste, further enhancing its environmental credentials.
For DDW 2024, Avantium collaborated with design studio Hoogvliet Jongerius to create an installation showcasing the origins and benefits of Releaf’s bioplastic while emphasizing the need for eco-friendly alternatives.
Releaf aims to revolutionize the plastics industry with its versatile applications in films, yarns, and sheet materials.
To highlight this potential, the designers created a mini furniture collection, including a cabinet, bench, side table, lamp, vase, and bowls. Each piece demonstrates Releaf’s adaptability, challenging perceptions of traditional 'single-use' plastics.
Morecan be found at www.releaf.bio>
And at Avantium>
InfraWall: biobased multifunctional noise barrier
The InfraWall is a modular, biobased, and multifunctional noise barrier constructed entirely from circular materials. It reduces noise pollution, generates solar energy, enhances biodiversity, and integrates water management. The first installation is planned for late 2024 along the A348 near Arnhem. According to its developers, the InfraWall is a step toward a quieter and greener future. Beyond noise reduction, the wall collects excess rainwater from road surfaces and stores it for use during dry periods. Additionally, solar panels on the structure produce renewable energy, while its plant-covered surfaces support biodiversity.
Constructed with 100 percent renewable, biobased materials, the InfraWall reduces CO2 emissions by up to 90 percent compared to conventional noise barriers. A demo model is scheduled for installation in the final quarter of 2024, with support from engineering firm Sweco, Verschilmakerij, Boskalis, and the Province of Gelderland. The Province also facilitated the project’s placement along the A348.
More at DDW>
Flocks Wobot
The Flocks Wobot by Christiene Mijndertsma is specially made for working with local European wools that would otherwise be thrown away. The Wobot is a collaborative robot that makes it possible for the first time to industrially build three-dimensional structures with wool without adding material or using water in the felting process; it only uses wool. On the one hand, the alternative production technique is intended to utilize the 1.5 million kg of wool that is thrown away in the Netherlands each year, on the other hand, the material is developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to materials such as foam rubber, glass wool, stone wool and polystyrene.
Materiaal experimenten Releaf (Foto: David van Dartel)
Video
Scaling Up Biobased Building with Straw and Wood
Traditional construction materials such as concrete, bricks, and steel contribute significantly to CO2 emissions due to their high-temperature production processes. By contrast, biobased materials like straw and wood store CO2, offering a sustainable alternative.
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
Strotec specializes in straw and wood-based construction, providing a viable solution for the highly polluting construction sector. Using rapidly renewable, biobased materials not only reduces emissions but also captures and stores CO2. For instance, facades built with straw can store approximately 98 kg of CO2 per square meter, helping offset emissions.
Advantages of biobased construction with straw and wood:
• Energy Efficiency: High insulation values, enhanced heat buffering, and vapor-permeable facades reduce the need for heating, cooling, and air treatment systems.
• Cost Savings: Lower energy consumption leads to reduced installation, maintenance, and replacement costs.
• Circular Design: Facades are fully reusable, easily disassembled, and the materials can be returned to the natural cycle at the end of their lifespan.
During DDW 2024, the STROTEC Torentje demonstrated scalable biobased construction using prefab components like EcoCocon’s story-high wood-straw elements. Combined with windows, doors, and finishing layers, these components form ready-made facades developed by Bouwbedrijf Gebr. van Herpen in collaboration with Strotec. Delivered with millimeter precision, they meet modern construction demands while remaining environmentally friendly.
Much more at Strotec>
DDW Public Award
This year’s DDW Public Award was won by designer Auke Bleij. Visitors to Dutch Design Week 2024 had the opportunity to vote for the DDA Public Award, selecting from ten young talents nominated by previous winners and nominees. With his project Respyre, Auke Bleij is breaking new ground in urban greening. At the core of his start-up is an innovative concrete designed to foster the natural growth of moss. Respyre transforms large, underutilized urban surfaces into green infrastructures, leveraging the air-purifying and temperature-regulating properties of moss. This project offers simple yet impactful solutions for urban environments.
More at DDW>
Video
During the DDW 2024, the STROTEC Tower demonstrated how building with natural building materials (such as wood and straw) can actually be scaled up (Photo: DDW)
Living in a wind turbine
Vattenfall and design studio Superuse converted a nacelle, the top part of a wind turbine, into a tiny house. This nacelle is four metres wide, ten metres long and three metres high and comes from a turbine that stood in Austria for 20 years. With the tiny house, Vattenfall demonstrates how materials can be reused in innovative ways. The tiny house were on prominent display during Dutch Design Week from 19 to 27 October.
On the outside, you can still clearly see that the tiny house was once part of a wind turbine, but inside everything has been prepared for a comfortable and homely stay. For instance, there is a kitchen, bathroom and living space. Moreover, the house is equipped with smart features such as a heat pump, solar panels and a solar water heater.
Reuse instead of remelting
In the coming decades, thousands of wind turbines will be demolished or replaced. Most parts of a wind turbinethe foundation, tower, gearbox parts and generator - are made of metal or concrete and therefore easily recyclable. Steel, for instance, can be melted down and reused, but the downside is that this
Photo: Vattenfall/Jorrit Lousberg
DUTCH DESIGN WEEK 2024
takes a lot of energy and creates emissions. It would be better if the materials could be reused with as little processing as possible. Last year, Vattenfall invited four design firms to think about a second life for wind turbines that have reached the end of their working life.
About the nacelle
The nacelle used for construction was taken from a V80 2MW turbine built at the Austrian Gols wind farm in 2005. During 20 years of faithful service, the turbine produced 73GWh of electricity, enough to power more than 29-thousand households for a year. The nacelle stood at a height of 100 metres. Dutch company Business in Wind decommissioned the wind farm and made the nacelle available for this project.
Perspective and challenge for dismantlers
The tiny house was conceived and designed by Superuse and executed by Blade-Made and Woodwave. Superuse opted for the most difficult solution: designing a building code-compliant house in the smallest possible nacelle. The nacelle used comes from a V80 2MW turbine, the first model with a nacelle large enough for a tiny house. Nacelles from later turbines often offer much more space. Despite its limited size, the tiny house complies with the building code and is therefore fully usable for habitation, or holiday use.
In collaboration with Reliving, the tiny house was furnished with sustainably produced and second-hand furniture, including a table made of circuform that incorporates material from a recycled wind turbine blade. The electrical installation was installed by Vattenfall subsidiary Feenstra.
During Dutch Design Week, the four concepts developed by the design studios have been displayed. Besides the tiny house, these include a concept to build floating islands from used turbine blades, artworks created from the data provided by turbines during their productive life and a vision of the future of reusing turbine parts.
On the outside, you can still clearly see that the tiny house was once part of a wind turbine, but inside everything has been prepared for a comfortable and homely stay. For instance, there is a kitchen, bathroom and living space. Moreover, the house is equipped with smart features such as a heat pump, solar panels and a solar water heater.
Original text: Vattenfall>
Video
High performance plain carbon steels obtained through 3D-printing
Nature communications, November 2024
Over the last century, improvement in mechanical performance of structural metals has primarily been achieved by creating more and more complex chemical compositions. Such compositional complexity raises costs, creates supply vulnerability, and complicates recycling. As a relatively new metal processing technique, metal 3D-printing provides a possibility to revisit and simplify alloy compositions, achieving alloy plainification, which enables simpler materials to be used ver-
a Schematic illustration of powder bed fusion (PBF) metal 3D-printing process, with the inset (a1) depicting the morphology of 1080 steel powder feedstock, and (b) enlarged diagram of the marked area in (a), schematically showing the typical fish-scale melt pool structure. (c) A bevel gear fabricated by PBF with 1080 steel powder, with the coordinate system showing the plane orientations (Z-axis refers to the building direction). d Cross-sectional hardness Rockwell C Scale (HRC) distributions on XZ-plane (upper) and XY-plane (lower) of the bevel gear, indicated by the arrows in (c). e Schematic illustration of the standard Jominy End Quench Test. f Hardness distributions along the conventional wrought 1080 steel bar after Jominy End Quench Test and the 3D-printed 1080 steel Jominy bar. L-shape 1080 steel demonstration parts: (g) conventionally water quenched sample, showing quenching distortion and cracking at the sharp corner as demonstrated by (g1) the optical micrograph, contrasted against (h) 3D-printed sample with a flawless structure free from distortion and cracking, as demonstrated by (h1) the optical micrograph. i Densification behaviors and hardness of the 3D-printed 1080 steel at various laser energy input, showing the excellent printability of this steel. The shaded error bands in (i) indicate the standard deviation, calculated as the mean of four tests. The arrows in (i) pinpoint the three chosen samples subjected to microstructural characterizations and property validation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
satilely. Here, is demonstrated that high performance simple plain carbon steels can be produced through 3D-printing. The 3D-printed plain carbon steels achieve tensile and impact properties comparable, or even superior to those of ultra-high strength alloy steels such as Maraging steels. The sequential micro-scale melting and solidification intrinsic to 3D-printing provides sufficient cooling to directly form martensite and/or bainite, strengthening the steels while maintaining microstructural and property homogeneity without dimensional limitations or heat treatment distortion and cracking. By manipulating 3D-printing parameters, the microstructure can be tailered, thereby control the properties for customized applications. This offers a scalable approach to reduce alloy complexity without compromising mechanical performance and highlights the opportunities for the 3D-printing to help drive alloy plainification.
The article is online>
Enhanced photovoltaic efficiency through 3D-Printed COC/Al₂O₃ anti-reflective coversheets
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, November 2024
In the past few years, there has been a considerable growth in the utilization of solar cells to produce electrical power to fulfil the growing worldwide energy demands. An optical loss is a crucial factor that impacts the performance of the photovoltaic conversion process. This loss occurs when incoming sunlight is reflected back on the outer layer of the photovoltaic cells. The application of antireflective materials on the photovoltaic substrates can enhance the absorption of sunlight and minimize the reflection. Currently, there is no ideal anti-reflective coating for solar cells that can allow the transmission of sunlight without any reflection. In this research, a transparent cyclic-olefin-copolymer (COC) was used to fabricate anti-reflection (AR) coversheet by fused deposition modelling process (3D printing). Further, the aluminium oxide Al2O3 powder was added at the proportions of 1 wt percent, 2 wt percent, 3 wt percent, and 4 wt percent to the COC polymer to increase the anti-reflection characteristics. The structural, morphological, mechanical (tear strength), electrical and temperature characteristics were studied. The performance of COC with aluminium oxide (COCA) coversheets was evaluated, and the findings revealed a considerable increment in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.21 percent (sunlight exposure) and 18.34 percent (neodymium light) for COCA3 coversheets. As seen, the COCA3 sample exhibit lower electrical resistance of 3.88 × 10−3 Ω cm, carrier concentration (36.91 × 1020 cm−3) and higher hall mobility (13.67 cm2/Vs). The findings from the investigations demonstrated that the utilization of COC with Al2O3 powder (COCA) can be a suitable antireflective coversheet material for boosting the performance of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells.
The article is online>
Art and Science of Reinforcing Ceramics with Graphene
via Ultrasonication Mixing
ACS Omega October 2024
This work presents an interdisciplinary approach combining materials science, ultrasonication, artistic expression, and curatorial practice to develop and investigate novel composites. The focus of the approach is incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into kaolin and exploring its effects on material properties. The composites were prepared with varying GO concentrations and sonication times, and their mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were evaluated. The results reveal that the addition of 0.5 wt % GO, combined with a sonication time of 10 min, leads to the highest storage modulus and improved thermal stability. Ultrasonication proved to be an effective method for dispersing and distributing GO particles within the kaolin matrix, resulting in an enhanced material performance. Furthermore, the application of novel composites provided by Prvački adds a unique dimension to the study. Through the artistic interpretation, the tactile qualities and aesthetic potential of the composites are explored, shedding light on the transformative power of materials and cultural significance organized as part of an artist-in-residence commission, introduced in conjunction with the NUS Public Art Initiative. This interdisciplinary collaboration accompanied by an exhibition at the NUS Museum demonstrates the value of merging scientific research, technological advancements, and artistic exploration.
The article is online>
Recycling of Post-Consumer Waste Polystyrene
Using Commercial Plastic Additives
ACS November 2024
Photothermal conversion can promote plastic depolymerization (chemical recycling to a monomer) through light-to-heat conversion. The highly localized temperature gradient near the photothermal agent surface allows selective heating with spatial control not observed with bulk pyrolysis. However, identifying and incorporating practical photothermal agents into plastics for end-of-life depolymerization have not been realized. Interestingly, plastics containing carbon black as a pigment present an ideal opportunity for photothermal conversion recycling. Herein, we use visible light to depolymerize polystyrene plastics into styrene monomers by using the dye in commercial black plastics. A model system is evaluated by synthesizing polystyrene-carbon black composites and depolymerizing under white LED light irradiation, producing styrene monomer in up to 60 percent yield. Excitingly, unmodified postconsumer black polystyrene samples are successfully depolymerized to a styrene monomer without adding catalysts or solvents. Using focused solar irradiation, yields up to 80 percent are observed in just 5 min. Furthermore, combining multiple types of polystyrene plastics with a small percentage
of black polystyrene plastic enables full depolymerization of the mixture. This simple method leverages existing plastic additives to actualize a closed-loop economy of all-colored plastics.
The article can be downloaded here>
Sub-minute carbonization of polymer/carbon nanotube films by microwave induction heating for ultrafast preparation of hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Chemical Engineering Journal, September 2024
Hard carbons (HCs) are excellent anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the carbonization and granulation of HC powders involve complex processes and require considerable energy. Here, the researchers developed a facile method for manufacturing HC anodes for SIBs via a novel microwave induction heating (MIH) process for polymer/ single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. Numerical simulations solving electromagnetic field and heat transfer problems revealed the MIH mechanism; the electric current induced by the applied microwave enables direct Joule heating of the SWCNT networks in the composite film. Consequently, the composite films could be heated to the target temperatures (800 - 1400 °C) and free-standing HC/SWCNT anodes could be prepared by applying MIH for only 30 s. Comparative analyses confirmed that ultrafast MIH is a reliable technique for producing HC anodes and can replace conventional carbonization processes which require a high-temperature furnace. Moreover, the HC/SWCNT anodes prepared by the ultrafast MIH were successfully applied to the SIB full cells. Finally, the feasibility of MIH for scalable roll-to-roll production of HC anodes was verified through local heating tests using a circular sheet larger than a resonator.
The article is online>
(a) Schematic of the ultrafast preparation of HC anodes for SIBs via MIH of polymer/SWCNT composite films. Microscale multiphysics simulation of the MIH process reveals the (b) magnetic flux vector (length-scaled red arrows) and amplitude distribution (rainbow color), (c) induced current (length-scaled red arrows) and heating power density distribution on the SWCNT (rainbow color), (d) temperature distribution of the polymer/SWCNT before carbonization, and (e) temperature distribution of the HC/SWCNT after carbonization.
Novel hybrid coating material with triple distinct healing bond for fat oil and grease deposition control in the sewer system Chemical Engineering Journal, November 2024
Hybrid materials with distinct self-healing bonds are a prominent category of materials, demanding in various modern applications. Developing self-healable hybrid materials with desired self-healing properties at ambient conditions is highly desirable and challenging. Herein, the researchers developed a novel zinc (II)-dimethylglyoxime-urethane-complex-based polyurethane elastomer (Zn-polyurethane hybrid material) with synergetic triple dynamic bonds, which exhibits spontaneous self-healing properties at 30 °C. Moreover, this material shows excellent thermal stability up to approximately 850 °C and is highly stable in water systems. This hybrid material has potential applications in water systems; in this study, the researchers characterized it for fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposition management in sewer systems by applying it as a coating on concrete blocks. The findings indicate that following a 30-day leaching test conducted under controlled pH conditions on uncoated and Zn-polyurethane-coated concrete blocks, a reduction of over 80 percent in calcium release was observed in the coated block compared to the uncoated concrete block. Additionally, in FOG deposit formation tests conducted on uncoated and coated concrete blocks for 30 days, a reduction of over 30 percent in FOG deposit formation was noted in the coated sample.
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Sequential Pore Functionalization in MOFs for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Capture
JACS Au, December 2024
The capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial for reducing greenhouse emissions and achieving net-zero emission goals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) present a promising solution for carbon capture due to their structural adaptability,
tunability, porosity, and pore modification. In this research, the use of a copper (Cu(II))-based MOF called mCBMOF-1 was explored. After activation, mCBMOF-1 generates one-dimensional channels with square cross sections, featuring sets of four Cu(II) open metal sites spaced by 6.042 Å, allowing strong interactions with coordinating molecules. To investigate this capability, mCBMOF-1 was exposed to ammonia (NH3) gas, resulting in hysteretic NH3 isotherms indicative of strong interactions between Cu(II) and NH3. At 150 mbar and 298 K, the NH3-loaded (~1 mmol/g) material exhibited a 106 percent increase in CO2 uptake compared to that of the pristine mCBMOF-1. Carbon-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the sequential loading of NH3 followed by CO2 adsorption generated a copper-carbamic acid complex within the pores of mCBMOF-1. The study highlights the effectiveness of sequential pore functionalization in MOFs as an attractive strategy for enhancing the interactions of MOFs with small molecules such as CO2
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Heart cockle shells transmit sunlight to photosymbiotic algae using bundled fiber optic cables and condensing lenses
Nature communications, November 2024
Many animals convergently evolved photosynthetic symbioses. In bivalves, giant clams (Cardiidae: Tridacninae) gape open to irradiate their symbionts, but heart cockles (Cardiidae: Fraginae) stay closed because sunlight passes through transparent
windows in their shells. Here, thr researchers show that heart cockles (Corculum cardissa and spp.) use biophotonic adaptations to transmit sunlight for photosynthesis. Heart cockles transmit 11 - 62 percent of photosynthetically active radiation (mean = 31 percent) but only 5 - 28 percent of potentially harmful UV radiation (mean = 14 percent) to their symbionts. Beneath each window, microlenses condense light to penetrate more deeply into the symbiont-rich tissue. Within each window, aragonite forms narrow fibrous prisms perpendicular to the surface. These bundled 'fiber optic cables' project images through the shell with a resolution of >100 lines/mm. Parameter sweeps show that the aragonite fibers’ size (~1 µm diameter), morphology (long fibers rather than plates), and orientation (along the optical c-axis) transmit more light than many other possible designs. Heart cockle shell windows are thus: (i) the first instance of fiber optic cable bundles in an organism to our knowledge; (ii) a second evolution, with epidermal cells in angiosperm plants, of condensing lenses for photosynthesis; and (iii) a photonic system that efficiently transmits useful light while protecting photosymbionts from UV radiation.
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a–e Heart cockles come in many sizes, shapes, and colors across (a–c) Corculum cardissa and the seven other recognized species of Corculum, e.g., (d) Corculum roseum and (e) Corculum lorenzi. f The sun-facing side of heart cockle shells varies from a flattened, expanded pancake shake (“flat”; Corculum cardissa) to an arched dome (“dome”; Corculum cardissa) to a cup-shaped dish (“dish”; Corculum roseum) and combinations of these shapes (e.g., “domed dish”; Corculum lorenzi). Illustration in (f) is credited to Nuria Melisa Morales Garcia, Science Graphic Design LTD.
during phase transitions. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs poses a significant challenge, often mitigated by embedding PCMs within high-conductivity metal foams. While linear and layered porosity distributions in metal foams have been extensively studied, the potential benefits of non-linear porosity distributions remain underexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by numerically investigating the effects of non-linear porosity distributions of copper foam on the melting behavior and thermal performance of palmitic acid.
The paper thoroughly explains how different melting regimes influence the optimal choice of porosity distribution. Using the Enthalpy-Porosity approach and the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium model, various positive and negative porosity gradients in both x and y directions were examined. The results demonstrate that positive porosity gradients significantly improve the melting rate and energy storage performance. Specifically, a positive gradient in the x-direction reduced the melting time by 10.4 percent, while a positive gradient in the y-direction achieved a 16.74 percent reduction compared to uniform porosity configuration. Building on these findings, the study then explores two-dimensional (2D) porosity distribution optimization, leading to further enhancements.
The optimized 2D configuration achieved a 22.67 percent reduction in melting time and a 32.38 percent increase in the average energy storage rate compared to the uniform porosity scenario.
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Crystal structure generation with autoregressive large language modeling
Nature communications, December 2024
Enhanced thermal storage performance with non-linear porosity distribution in copper foamPCM composites
Journal of Energy Storage, January 2025
Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly utilized in thermal energy storage systems due to their high energy density and capability to maintain a constant temperature
The generation of plausible crystal structures is often the first step in predicting the structure and properties of a material from its chemical composition. However, most current methods for crystal structure prediction are computationally expensive, slowing the pace of innovation. Seeding structure prediction algorithms with quality generated candidates can overcome a major bottleneck. Here, CrystaLLM was introduced, a methodology for the versatile generation of crystal structures, based on the autoregressive large language modeling (LLM) of the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) format. Trained on millions of CIF files, CrystaLLM focuses on modeling crystal structures through text. CrystaLLM can produce plausible crystal structures for a wide range of inorganic compounds unseen in training, as demonstrated by ab initio simulations. The approach challenges conventional representations of crystals, and demonstrates the potential of LLMs for learning effective models of crystal chemistry, which will lead to accelerated discovery and innovation in materials science.
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