Uqalimaariuqsaniq Student Book Level 19

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

KIDS CAN PRESS

Department of Education

Government of Nunavut

PO Box 1000, Station 960, Iqaluit, NU X0A 1H0

Originally published in English under the title The Kids Book of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada

Text © 2005 Diane Silvey

Illustrations © 2005 John Mantha

Inuktitut translation by Inhabit Education © 2020 Government of Nunavut

Published by permission of Kids Can Press Ltd., Toronto, Canada.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, sound recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Kids Can Press.

ISBN: 978-0-2287-0677-9

Developed and published in Canada by Inhabit Education www.inhabiteducation.com

ᑕᑯᖅᑯᔾᔨᔾᔪᑦ

ᐃᒪᙵᓂᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓕᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᑎᓄᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ. ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ

ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖅᑎᕕᓂᐅᕗᑦ

ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᕿᔪᖕᓂᒃ, ᐃᓄᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ

60-ᓂᒃ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᓪᓗ.

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᑦ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ

6-ᖑᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖏᓂᓕᐊᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᑕᐱᕇᓕᐅᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᐊᓗᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐊᑕᖏᕐᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᔪᖖᒋᒐᖅᑑᓕᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ.

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖃᐅᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᕗᑦ.

ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑕᑭᔪᑯᑖᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒌᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑑᓂᖓᓂ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓄᕗᓕᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᑐᐱᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑏᐲᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐸᕙᓗᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ

ᑐᐱᖏᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᕋᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓅᓐᓂᐊᓕᕌᖓᑕ.

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ, ᐃᒡᓗᒃᓴᖅᑕᖃᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᒥ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᐳᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ,

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖕᓂᖃᕆᕗᑦᑕᐅᖅ,

ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓪᓗ ᓱᓕ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᑕ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐱᓐᓇᕆᔭᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐱᓇᓲᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᖅᑭᓂᕐᒥᒃ (respect), ᓱᖏᐅᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᓕᖕᓄᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᕐᕈᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᖏᑎᒍᑦ. ᕿᑐᙵᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ

ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ

ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒋᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ, ᑕᑎᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒃ

ᐃᓅᖃᑎᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᑕᖅᑭᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓄᓇᒥᒡᓗ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ, ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ

ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᓱᓕ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᒪᑉᐱᖅᑐᒐᖓᓂ 48-ᒥᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᐊᖅᐳᑎᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓇᕈᔩᑦ, ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᙱᖔᖅᑐᑕ. ᓲᕐᓗ, ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ

ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᐅᑦ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖃᖃᑦᑕᓕᕋᑖᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᓂᑰᕗᑦ

ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ, ᐃᒫᒃ: ᓅ ᑦᓴ ᓄᓪᑦ (ᓅᑦᑲ).

ᓄᓇᖏᑦ

ᓄᓇᙳᐊᑦ ᐅᕙᓂ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒥ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᓂᐊᖅᐳᓯ ᑭᒡᓕᓪᓚᑦᑖᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᙱᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᑐᖃᖏᑕ, ᓄᒃᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᕗᓪᓗ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑕ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᖃᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᔪᑦ ᐱᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ

ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᐅᑦ

ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ, ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᕕᓂᐅᕗᖅ

ᓄᓇᖓᑦ ᑕᐅᕙᓐᓇ ᖃᖅᑲᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᐳᖅᑐᔫᑎᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓕᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂᓗ

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓯᓂᖓ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᖃᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᐃᑎᔪᐊᓗᖕᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᑭᖃᖅᑐᓂ

ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖃᖅᐳᖅ. ᓇᐹᖅᑐᐊᓗᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᒡᓚᔅ

ᕼᐃᐊᒻᓛᒃ-ᓂᒃ

ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ, ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᕋᒃᓴᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ

ᓄᓇᙵᓐᓂ. ᕗᕋᐃᓴ ᑰᒃ (Fraser River) ᐃᖃᓗᓕᐊᓘᕗᖅ.

ᓄᓇᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᓂᒃ

ᐅᒥᐊᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᑲᑎᖃᑎᒌᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ

ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ 7-ᓂᒃ

ᐃᓚᖏᑦ 30-ᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ

1,000-ᖑᓗᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ

ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓃᖃᖅᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᑰᑉ.

ᓄᓇᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᕈᐊᕋᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᑦ

ᐃᓱᒪᒋᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᕌᖅᑕᐅᒐᔭᕆᐊᖓ

ᐊᑭᕋᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖃᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ

ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᒃᓴᒥᒃ. ᐅᑯᐊ ᑕᕝᕙ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᑎᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒦᐅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᐊᕆᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᕕᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᒪᑉᐱᖅᑐᒐᖓᓂ 6-ᒥ ᓂᒋᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂᕐᒥᐅᑕᓪᓗ ᒪᑉᐱᖅᑐᒐᖓᓂ 7-ᒥ.

ᓇᐸᔪᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ.

ᐊᒥᓱᒐᓚᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖏᑦ. ᓇᐸᔪᑦ

ᐃᓚᒌᖕᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᒥᓃᖖᒑᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᙳᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑯᓪᓗᐃᑦᑐᖅ (bear), ᐊᒪᕈᖅ, ᐅᒃᐱᔾᔪᐊᖅ,

ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᑦ ᑐᖁᔭᕌᖓᑕ.

ᓄᒍᓪᒃ (Bella Coola)

(Nootka)

(Kwakiutl) ᕼᐊᐃᔅᓚ ᕼᐊᐃᐅᓪᑦᓱᒃ (Bella Bella)

ᐅᐊᐃᑮᓄ

ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦᑕᐅᖅ. ᐃᒻᓇᐃᑦ, ᖃᖅᑲᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᒻᓇᐃᑦ, ᑯᓪᓗᐃᑦᑐᑦ, ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᑦ, ᑭᒋᐊᑦ, ᐃᒡᒐᙳᐊᓖᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᒐᓚᐃᓪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ, ᐳᐃᔩᓪᓗ, ᒪᑯᐊᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓴᖅᐱᓖᑦ, ᓇᑦᑏᑦ, ᑕᓕᕈᑯᑖᓖᑦ (sea lions) ᐸᒥᐅᖅᑑᓪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ.

ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓘᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ — 160m x 20m (ᐅᕝᕙᓗ 525ft. X 65ft.). ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐃᒡᓗ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ 30-ᓂᑦ

60-ᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ.

ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᐅᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᒃᑰᙱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑐᑎᒃ.

ᐅᒥᐊᓕᐊᖑᔪᖅ ᑕᕝᕙ ᐱᐊᓂᒃᑕᐅᒃᐸᑦ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᑦᑏᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᐊᒥᓂᒃ.

ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᖅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᖑᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᓪᓗ. ᐊᖑᑎᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒃᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓂᒃ

ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ, ᐱᓇᓲᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ

ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᒥᒃ

ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ,

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ. ᑕᕝᕙᒎᖅ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᕿᔪᓕᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ

ᐊᕙᓚᖓᔪᖏᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ “ᓴᓂᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ” — ᐲᔭᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᓇᓱᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᑕᕐᓂᕐᓗᖕᓂᒃ.

ᐊᕐᓇᖏᑦ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ. ᑐᒃᓯᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓰᒃᓯᒋᐊᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐊᓱᐃᓪᓛᒃ ᐊᒥᖓ ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᖃᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᑕᕝᕙ ᑐᑭᓕᐊᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᑲᑎᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ.

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᐅᔭᐅᒐᒥ, ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᖁᓕᖓ ᒪᓴᒃᓯᐊᖑᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᒥᕐᒥ

ᕿᑐᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᕕᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕋᒥ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᖑᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᖄᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᕈᒥᑦᑎᒋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓄᕕᖅᓴᒐᖅᑎᑐᑦ, ᐅᒃᓯᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕᓗ

ᒪᓴᒍᓐᓇᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ.

ᑕᖅᓴᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ.

ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᓯᒪᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕆᕗᑦ

ᕿᔪᖕᒥᒃ ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᕿᔪᖕᓂᒃ

ᓇᓴᓪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᕿᔪᓕᖕᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᕿᔪᓂᑦ.

ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᙳᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᐃᓄᖖᒍᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ.

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᑦ

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᐱᖁᑎᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᖅ (potlatch) ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑕᓄᑦ.

ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐅᑉᐱᕐᓂᓕᕆᔪᓂᒃ

ᑕᐱᕇᓕᖅᑐᓂᒡᓗ. ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᖅᑕᐅᖅ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖃᕐᓂᐅᓐᓂᕆᕗᖅ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᕋᑖᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑐᖁᕋᑖᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑲᑎᑎᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐃᓐᓇᙳᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ.

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᔪᕕᓃᑦ

ᐋᓐᓂᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓯᓯᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ,

ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓯᕗᓂᕐᒥ

ᐱᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐅᓇᑕᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ

ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓵᖓᓐᓂ,

ᐱᓯᕐᓂᒡᓗ ᐃᙱᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᕿᓚᐅᔾᔭᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᐊᖑᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗ ᐊᖓᒃᑯᕈᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐊᖓᒃᑯᙳᕋᓱᒃᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᑰᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓂᕆᑦᑕᐃᓕᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᐊᓴᖅᑕᐃᓕᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐅᐸᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒐᓴᓂᒃ. ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᒧᒥᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐱᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᙱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᓂᕆᕕᒡᔪᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᕿᑐᙵᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᒐᓚᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑮᓇᒃᐸᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ

ᖃᐃᕈᓱᖕᒥᑦ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ, ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᓯᓚᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᑦ.

ᑲᒪᓇᓛᕕᓂᖅ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ,

ᕿᔪᑯᑖᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᐅᑦ

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒃᑎᒻᒪᕆᕕᓂᐊᓗᐃᑦ.

ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓄᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᑎᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ,

ᓄᓗᐊᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓴᐳᑎᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕆᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ (ᕿᔪᑯᑖᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑎᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑰᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᑳᖓᓪᓗᑎᒃ).

ᐃᓚᒌᓕᒫᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᓕᕆᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐊᑖᑕᖓᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᓈᓇᖓᑦ

ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᕿᑐᕐᖓᒋᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐃᑲᔪᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ. ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐳᔪᕐᒧᑦ

ᓱᕈᕐᔭᐃᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᓂᒃᑯᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᐊᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᒧᑦ.

ᐱᐅᓕᔨᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᓱᖓ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᒻᒫᓗᕕᓂᖅ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᓪ ᓄᓇᕕᖕᒥᐅᖑᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓕᓂᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᓄᑦ

ᐅᖃᐅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ “ᐅᖅᓱᒧᑦ ᐃᓪᓕᓃᑦ”

ᒥᓯᕋᓕᐊᖏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᒧᑦ.

ᐅᖃᐅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᐅᓕᔩᒡᒎᖅ

ᐅᖅᓱᖃᓗᐊᒧᑦ ᒪᓂᓕᕐᓗᒋᒡᒎᖅ ᐸᑎᐅᔭᑎᑐᑦ

ᐱᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᐃᕋᓂᒃ, ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖂᑎᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐸᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᐴᓪᓕᐅᒐᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓯᕿᓐᓂᖅᑕᒥᓪᓗ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᑦ ᒪᓕᑲᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᒃ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᖓ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓲᕐᓗ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᖓᔪᑦ ᐊᐃᕋᑦ — ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᐅᑉᐸᖓ ᑐᖁᓐᓇᖅᑐᖃᖅᑐᓂ.

ᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᕗᑦ

ᐊᕙᓗᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑰᓕᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐸᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑰᓕᒃ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᓕᒡᓗ

ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ. ᐆᒪᔪᕐᔪᐊᖑᓂᖅᓴᑦ, ᒪᑯᐊ

ᑐᒃᑐᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐃᒻᓇᐃᓪᓗ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂ ᐱᑕᖃᕐᒥᔪᑦ. ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑦ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᒥᒥᐅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ

ᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᑦ. ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐅᖂᑕᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃ,

ᓄᕗᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᑭᐊᓅᖓᔪᓕᖕᓂᒃ

ᖃᕐᒪᓂᒃ ᓲᕐᓗ

ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᔪᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᖁᓖᓐᓇᖓ ᑲᑕᖓᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ --

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᓇᑎᖓᓗ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓅᖓᓪᓗᓂ. ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᒻᒪᓖᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᑕᕝᕙ

ᑕᑯᓐᓂᕈᕕᑦ ᖃᕐᒪᓕᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑕᑯᓇᔭᖅᐳᑎᑦ ᓄᓇ ᐃᑎᖅᓴᐃᓐᓇᓕᐊᓗᒃ ᖃᕐᒪᖃᕐᕕᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ.

ᖃᕐᒪᐅᑉ ᖄᖓ ᕿᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᓇᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐃᔾᔪᖕᒧᑦ ᖁᓕᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐊᖑᑎᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᐅᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᖃᕐᒪᐅᑉ ᖄᖓᒍᑦ ᒪᔪᕋᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ.

ᐊᕐᓇᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᖕᓂᖅᓴᑦ ᖃᕐᒪᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᒎᖓᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑕᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓯᕐᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ.

ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᐊᓗᒃ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂ ᑰᖏᓐᓂ

ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᑦ

ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓂᐊᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᕕᓂᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᖃᓄᒐᓚᒡᓗ

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓲᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑰᖕᒥ

ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ, ᑰᒡᓗ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ

ᐃᖃᓗᓕᕆᓂᖅ

ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓈᒻᒪᒋᐊᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᒪ

ᑕᖅᑭᒐᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᒥᖕᒪᑕ. ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐸᑦ

ᓱᕈᕐᔭᐃᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᕐᕋᕖᔭᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ,

ᐊᖒᑏᔭᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᕿᒥᕐᓗᐃᔭᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᓂᐊᖁᐃᔭᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐸᒃ ᓂᖀᓐᓇᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂ.

ᐃᓯᕕᖓᔾᔪᑎᓕᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐸᐱᕈᖓᒍᑦ

ᐱᕈᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᑲᑯᑖᓖᑦ (Indian hemp plant)

ᓄᐊᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᖁᓪᓗᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑲᐅᒐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᕿᐱᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᕿᓚᕈᑎᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᓚᐃᔅᑕ (leister) ᑲᑭᕙᐅᕗᖅ

ᓄᕗᑯᑖᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒡᓗ

ᓴᓂᕌᒍᑦ ᑭᑭᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᓇᑦᑎᒍᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᑐᕝᕕᖏᒃ. ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒃᑐᖅ ᑕᕝᕙ ᑕᑯᒐᐃᒐᒥ

ᐃᖃᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓᓂ, ᓚᐃᔅᑕᒧᑦ ᓇᐅᓕᒃᑐᒍ.

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑯᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐊᑯᓕᕕᖓ ᑲᐱᓯᑦᑕᖅᐳᖅ

ᐃᖃᓗᖕᒥᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᓴᓂᕌᓃᑦᑑᒃ ᑭᑭᐊᖏᒃ (ᑭᖑᕝᕙᖏᒃ) ᓇᑦᑎᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒃ ᐲᔾᔭᐃᖅᑐᒍ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑭᖑᕝᕙᖏᒃ ᐊᑯᓕᕕᖓᓗ ᓇᔾᔪᖕᒥᒃ

ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᓕᖅᑐᒧᑦ.

ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐱᑕᖃᓗᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐸᑦ

ᓂᒃᑯᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᑕᐅᕙᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐸᐅᕐᖓᕐᓂᒃ ᐸᓐᓇᑯᓂᒃ, ᐊᒥᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᒻᓇᐃᓪᓗ

ᕿᕕᐅᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ ᑭᒡᓕᖓᓂᒥᐅᓄᑦ.

ᑐᓂᔭᐅᖔᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᓂᒃ

ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᑎᕆᐅᕐᒥᑦ ᐱᔭᒃᓴᓂᒃ.

ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᑦ ᐱᐅᓴᐅᑎᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ

ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ (ᑮᓇᐅᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ). ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓅ ᑦᓴ ᓄᓪᑦ-ᓄᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐊᓂ ᕚᓐᑰᕙ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑕᑭᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓱᕋᒃᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ

ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᑦ ᓯᓂᐊᓂᑦ ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓈᓘᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ

ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓂᕕᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ

ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᐳᖅ ᑭᐱᙳᐃᔭᐅᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ.

ᖁᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᖓᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᕇᑦ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖁᕕᖓᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐃᙱᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐸᒃᑕᒃᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᒡᒋᖅᑕᑐᑎᒡᓗ

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᓄᓂᕙᖕᓂᕐᓗ

ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᑦ ᓯᐅᑎᒃᑭᑦ, ᑐᒃᑐᕐᔪᐊᑦ, ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᑦ

ᑯᓪᓗᐃᑦᑐᑦ, ᐃᒻᓇᐃᑦ, ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᖁᐱᓐᓂᓖᑦ (bighorn sheep) ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᓯᒃᓯᓄᑦ, ᐅᓈᓄᑦ

ᐳᓪᓚᑎᓄᓪᓗ. ᓄᓗᐊᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᓂᒃ

ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓇᓱᒃᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᒫᔾᔭᐃᒃᑯᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᑑᕌᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᒐᕈᑎᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐆᒪᔪᖅ

ᕿᒫᕕᑐᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᖕᒪᑦ ᓂᒐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᓂᐅᖓᒍᑦ.

ᐱᕈᖅᑐᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᑦ, ᐊᐃᕋᑦ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑦ ᖄᖏᑦ, ᑎᖏᐅᔭᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ

ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᒃᓴᓪᓗ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓱᕈᔾᔭᐃᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒥ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ. ᐊᕐᓇᑦ

ᓄᓂᕙᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓚᐃᒍᑎᒧᑦ

ᐸᐅᕐᖓᖃᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᓂᕙᐅᑎᑦ ᕿᔪᑦ ᓵᑦᑐᑯᑖᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᐅᔮᖅᑐᑦ, ᑯᒪᐃᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᑦ

ᖃᒐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᓵᑦᑐᑯᓘᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒥᐅᔮᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᐴᓪᓕᐅᒐᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓰᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᕌᖓᑕ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓗᕋᖃᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᐃᓗᐊ ᐆᒻᒪᐅᓂᖓ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ

ᓰᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᕈᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ

ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᖅ

ᖃᖓᓚᐅᓱᖓᖅ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ

ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑑᑎᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᕌᖓᑕ

ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᕆᓂᐊᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ

ᓂᕈᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑲᑉᐱᐊᑦᑕᐅᙱᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ

ᐹᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ.

ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᕕᓂᖅ

ᐅᓇᑕᕆᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᐅᓇᓖᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖅᓯᒪᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᕿᔪᖕᒥᒃ ᑐᒃᑐᕐᔪᐊᓪᓗ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ

ᑲᐱᔭᕐᓂᙱᒋᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓴᐴᓗᑕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᓕᐊᑦ ᓱᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐴᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᖅᑎᐅᕈᑎᕕᓃᓪᓗ. ᑕᖅᓴᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᒪᓂᒐᓚᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᕿᓐᓂᖅᑕᓂᒡᓗ.

ᖃᔪᖅᑑᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ

ᐃᓄᙳᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᔪᙳᐊᓂᒃ ᐅᒃᑯᓯᒃᓴᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᒐᒃᓴᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᖐᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᖃᔪᖅᑑᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖓᒃᑯᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᙵᓵᕆᔪᓄᑦ

ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᖅ ᐃᓐᓇᙳᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ.

ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᑰᔾᔪᐊᖃᖅᐳᖅ - the Bow, Assiniboine South Saskatchewan. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᑐᖃᐅᕗᖅ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᑦ ᓱᓕ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᓄᑦ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᓄᒋᐊᖕᓇᑎᒃ ᐅᑮᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓂᓪᓛᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᐊᓄᕆᕐᒥᑦ. ᐅᐱᕐᖓᒃᓴᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᓇᕈᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᓇᕈᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᒥ, ᒪᓕᒡᓗᑎᒃ

(buffalo).

ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᓇᕈᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑲᑎᓚᐅᓱᖓᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒻᒪᕆᖕᓂᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑏᐲᑦ (ᑐᐱᑦ

ᓄᕗᓖᑦ) ᐊᖏᕐᕋᑦᑎᐊᕙᕕᓃᑦ - ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓗᓂ

ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑐᐱᕋᕐᓂᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ

ᓇᕈᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᑏᐲᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᑐᖅᑯᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐊᖕᒪᓗᑭᓵᓕᖓᔪᒥᒃ ᖁᓛᓄᑦ ᓄᕗᖃᖅᑐᓂ

ᖃᓇᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᕿᓚᒃᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᕗᐊᓄᑦ.

ᑐᐱᖅ ᐸᕙᓘᑉ ᐊᒥᖓ ᖃᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓯᕕᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᕿᓚᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓄᕗᐊᓄᑦ.

ᑐᐱᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᖏᒍ ᑲᑕᖓᑕ ᖁᓕᑦᑎᐊᖓᓂ

ᐸᐅᒍᐊᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐲᔾᔭᐃᖅᑐᒍ ᑐᐱᖓ.

ᐊᕐᓇᑦ ᓱᕈᓯᓪᓗ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ

ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᕐᓂᒃ, ᓯᐱᐊᑎᓚᒻᓂᒃ (bitterroot), ᐃᑎᐅᔭᐅᔭᑦ (camas) ᑑᕐᓂᑉᓂᒡᓗ (wild turnip).

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᑦᑕᐅᑎᒋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓄᐊᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᓱᕈᕐᔭᐃᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ

ᓂᕿᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ.

ᐊᖑᑎᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐅᓈᕐᓄᑦ, ᓂᒐᖅᑎᔾᔪᑎᓄᑦ ᐱᓯᒃᓯᓄᓪᓗ.

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᓛᑦ (pronghorn),

ᓯᐅᑎᒃᑭᑦ (mule deer), ᑐᒃᑐᕐᔪᐊᑦ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑑᓪᓗ ᐊᕿᒡᒋᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ

ᓂᕿᓪᓗᐊᑕᕕᓂᖏᑦ ᐸᕙᓗᑦ.

ᐸᕙᓗᖕᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐱᕕᒡᔪᐊᕆᔭᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᒋᒻᒪᔾᔪᒃ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪᑦ, ᑐᐱᒃᓴᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪᑦ, ᓱᒋᐅᑎᓕᐊᕆᔭᒃᓴᐅᖕᒪᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪᒃ, ᐅᓯᑲᖅᑕᐅᑎᓕᐊᒃᓴᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪᒃ, ᐴᒃᓴᓕᐊᒃᓴᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓕᐊᕆᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᔾᔪᓪᓗ.

ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᐊᓗᒃ, 50M-ᒦᓗᐊᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐸᕙᓗᑦ ᓇᕈᔨᑦ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᖅ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐸᕙᓗᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᐸᕙᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᔪᓂᒃ — ᐅᐃᒻᒪᐅᖅᑲᓗᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ ᑲᐸᑦᑎᒃᐸᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ, ᐱᙱᑦᑎᐊᒻᒪᕆᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ

ᐱᕐᓕᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐸᕙᓗᖕᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐸᕙᓗᒐᓱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᕙᓗᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ,

ᑕᕝᕙ ᐃᓵᒻᒪᑕ, ᑐᖁᕋᖅᑕᐅᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᕕᓂᖅᑕᖃᕐᒥᔪᕐᓗ Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo-Jumpᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᐅᓪᐴᑕᒥ. ᐱᓇᓱᒃᑎᖏᑦ ᕿᒫᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᒧᑦ, ᑕᕝᕙ ᐅᐃᒻᒪᒃᑲᒥᒃ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᕐᒥᑦ ᑲᑕᒐᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᕿᒧᒃᓯᐅᑎᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ 1700 ᐸᕙᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᐱᔭᕐᓂᖅᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ. ᕿᒧᒃᓯᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᕿᒫᔪᓂᒃ ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ ᐱᓯᒃᓯᒐᓱᒃᑐᒋᑦ.

ᐊᒥᖓ: ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, ᐴᑲᒻᒪᓗᑦ, ᑐᐱᖅ, ᕿᓚᐅᑎ, ᐅᒥᐊᑉ

ᐊᒥᖓ, ᓴᐴᓗᑕᐅᑉ

ᖄᖓ, ᕿᐱᒃ, ᐅᓕᒃ

ᓴᐅᓂᖏᑦ: ᐅᓇᑕᐅᑎ

ᐊᓇᐅᑕᖅ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᑦ, ᓴᕕᑦ, ᐳᑦᑐᑎᒃ, ᒪᒦᔭᐅᑎᑦ, ᓇᖅᑯᑦ, ᐅᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦ

ᐅᓕᐅᑎᖓ: ᐃᕙᓗᒃ

ᓇᔾᔪᖏᑦ: ᐃᕐᖑᓯᖅ, ᐊᓘᑎ, ᓇᓴᕐᒥᐅᑕ

ᐸᒥᐅᖓ: ᐊᓇᙱᕐᓂᐅᑦ

ᓇᑲᓱᖓ: ᐃᒥᖃᐅᑎ

ᐊᓇᖓ: ᐃᒐᔾᔪᑎ

ᒥᖅᑯᑯᑖᖏᑦ: ᐊᒃᖢᓈᖅ

ᐅᖃᖓ: ᓂᕿ

ᑯᑭᖏᑦ: ᓱᕐᕙᓛᖅᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑦ, ᓂᐱᐅᑎ

ᐊᕿᐊᕈᖓ: ᐴᖅ, ᐆᑦᑎᕕᒃ

(ᐅᔭᕋᑦ ᐆᓇᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐴᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐸᕙᓘᑉ ᐊᕿᐊᕈᐊᓄᑦ

ᐃᒻᒪᒃᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ

ᓂᕿᖃᑦᑐᓂ

ᐆᔪᓕᐊᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ.)

(ᒪᕐᕋᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᙳᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ)

ᐱᔪᒪᔭᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ

ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᐅᖕᒪᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᒪᕐᕋᕕᓂᖅ ᐲᔭᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᒥᓂᓲᑕᒥ.

ᑖᓐᓇ ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎᒃᓴᓕᕕᓂᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᖅᓯᐅᑎᓂᑦ

ᐊᕝᕙᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓂᖅ, ᑕᒪᐅᖖᒐᖅᑐᓪᓗ

ᕿᒪᕉᑎᔪᓪᓗ ᓴᐃᒪᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ

ᐱᖁᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ

ᐱᑕᖃᓗᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐸᕙᓘᑉ ᓂᕿᖓᓂᒃ

ᐸᕙᓗᒦᙶᖅᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎᒃᓴᒥᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ,

ᒥᓂᓲᑕᓕᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐲᔭᐃᔭᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎᒃᓴᒥᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᕝᕚᑲᒧᑦ ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎᒧᓪᓗ

ᐴᑲᒻᒪᓗᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᕿᓯᐅᔭᕐᒥᒃ.

ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᖅ

ᓱᐴᖅᑑᑎ

ᑲᑉᐱᐊᑦᑕᐅᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᓴᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐅᓂᐊᕈᑎᙳᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᖅᑭᙳᐊᕌᖓᑕ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᐅᑎᙳᐊᖅᑐᒋᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᓂᐊᕈᑎᙳᐊᖏᑦ ᐅᓯᓕᖅᓱᖖᒍᐊᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖖᒍᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑐᐱᙳᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᓐᓇᐅᓕᖅᐸᑕ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᓛᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐅᓕᒃ ᐊᒥᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ

ᐸᕙᓘᑉ ᐊᒥᖓ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᒌᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᒧᒥᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᕿᓂᕐᒨᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ (Sun Dance), ᑖᓐᓇ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒋᖕᒪᒍ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐊᓱᐃᓪᓛᒃ, ᓇᑉᐸᖅᓯᔪᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᓇᐸᔪᖅ ᐊᕙᓗᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᕐᒥᒃ

ᐊᒻᒪᓗᖅᑐᕐᒥᒃ. ᐃᓕᓯᔪᖃᖅᐸᒃᑐᓂ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑕᕝᕚᑲᒥᒃ, ᓇᐸᔫᑉ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ. ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᕝᕙᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᓵᕐᒥ,

ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑑᕐᖓᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᖃᓂᓪᓕᐅᒥᓯᒪᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᖓ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᓴᙱᓕᖅᐹᓪᓕᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓᓗ

ᑲᑎᒍᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ

ᓇᕈᕙᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᓄᑦ ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕇᓄᓪᓗ

ᑲᑎᓐᓂᕆᖕᒪᔾᔪ.

ᒧᒥᖅᑎᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᖅᓴᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᕆᑦᑕᐃᓕᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᒧᒥᑲᑕᒃᑐᑎᒃ

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᙱᑲᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᕝᕚᑲ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐳᔪᖓ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᑐᒃᓯᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓄᑦ.

ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᐅᑉ ᓱᓗᖓ

ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓖᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᐊᓗᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᖅᑭᒋᔮᓘᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᐅᑉ ᓱᓗᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᒧᒥᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ. ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᖕᓂᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐃᑎᖅᓴᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᓇᕆᔾᔨᖅᑐᒍ ᑖᓐᓇᓗ ᐃᓗᓕᖅ ᑕᓕᑎᑦᑐᒍ ᐅᖃᐅᔭᕐᓄᑦ ᕿᔪᐊᕐᔪᖕᓂᓪᓗ. ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᒐᓱᒃᑐᖅ

ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖅ

ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖅᑯᖅᑐᓯᓲᖅ, ᑖᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒍᓐᓃᓲᑦ ᐅᓪᓘᖑᔭᐃᓐᓇᓕᖅᑐᓂ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ, ᓯᕿᓂᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᖃᑦᑕᕈᓃᓲᖅ, ᐅᓪᓗᑭᑦᑐᑯᓘᓕᖅᑐᓂᓗ. ᓂᓪᓚᖅ,

ᑕᕝᕙᑑᖏᓐᓇᐅᔭᓕᓲᖅ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᓪᓗᐊᐸᓗᖓᓂᒃ. ᑕᒫᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᓱᓕ, ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ

ᐃᓄᕕᐊᓗᐃᓪᓗ. ᐱᒃᑲᒻᒪᕆᕕᓂᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

(ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐳᑦ ᑲᑕᖕᓂᙱᑦᑐᖅ

ᓯᖁᑦᑎᔭᓲᖑᖕᒪᑦ.)

ᐊᐳᑦ ᖁᐊᖑᓗᐊᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᕘᔭᕋᔅᓴᐅᓗᓂ

ᓯᖁᑦᑎᔭᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᓅᑲᑕᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᓗᒍ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᐳᑦ ᓴᕘᔭᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓴᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᓇᐅᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᐊᐳᑦ ᐲᔭᖅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᑦᑕᐅᑎᒋᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᓯᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᕕᒋᔭᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐊᖅ

ᖁᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᖕᒪᓗᖅᑕᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ

ᓄᑲᑉᐱᐊᒃ ᐃᓕᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᖁᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ

ᐊᑖᑕᒥᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓈᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᖕᓂᒃᑯᑦ.

ᐃᒡᓗᕕᒐᑦ ᒥᑭᓈᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓯᓂᒃᑕᕐᕕᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᐊᕕᕋᓗᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐊᕆᔭᒃᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒐᓴᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂ. ᐃᒡᓗᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐅᑯᐊ ᑕᑯᔭᓯ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ, ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᓄᑦ ᑕᖅᑭᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ

ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐊᑦ  ᐃᓗᐊᒍᑦ

ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ,

ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᒡᓗᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᕝᕙ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᒡᒍᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᑦ, ᐊᒃᑲᑦ, ᐃᓪᓗᑦ ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᓪᓗ.

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ

ᐳᐃᔨᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᓇᑦᑎᑦ, ᐊᐃᕕᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓖᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᖃᕈᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑲᒥᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ,

ᑐᖅᑯᖅᑕᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐊᒥᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᐱᕐᓄᓪᓗ. ᐆᒪᔫᑉ ᓱᓇᓕᒫᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ — ᑕᒪᐅᖔᕆᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᙱᑦᑐᓪᓕ.

ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᓇᑦᑎᕐᓂᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᖃᔭᒃᑯᑦ. ᑕᕝᕙ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᒃᑯᖓ

ᐱᑐᒃᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕙᑕᕐᒧᑦ (ᕿᓯᒃ ᐳᓪᓚᒃᓯᒪᔪᖅ).

ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᑕᖃᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᑦᑎᕐᒧᑦ

ᓇᐅᓕᒐᒃᓴᙳᖅᑐᓂ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑯᒥ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᑦ

ᐊᓐᓂᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᕝᕙ ᓇᐅᓕᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᕚ.

ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ, ᓇᑦᑎᑦ ᐆᒃᑑᓲᑦ ᓯᑯᒥ.

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎ ᑕᐃᒪ ᐹᕐᖑᕐᓗᓂ ᑎᑭᒐᓱᒡᓗᓂᐅᒃ,

ᓇᑦᑎᐅᙳᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᐃᕐᕆᓇᓱᒡᓗᓂᐅᒃ.

ᐊᐃᕕᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓐᓂᕆᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ. ᑲᐅᖏᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᓈᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᑑᒑᖏᓪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓲᑎᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ. ᐊᐃᕝᕙᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᖅᑑᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ.

ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᖅᑐᒦᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐅᒥᐅᑎᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ

ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ

ᑐᒃᑐᖃᓕᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓂ ᑐᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᓂᖃᓕᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑕᒫᖅ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ.

ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ

ᐅᑕᖅᑭᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᓇᓪᓗᖏᓐᓂ (caribou crossing). ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᓕᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᕇᓂᒃ ᓄᕗᒨᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖕᒧᑦ

ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᐊᕐᕌᒎᓕᒫᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᑎᖕᒥᐊᕐᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐃᒋᖃᑦᑕᑦ ᓄᕗᓖᑦ, ᕿᓚᒥᖅᑕᐅᑦ, ᓂᒐᖅᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᑦ, ᓄᓗᐊᑦ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᑯᑖᓖᑦ ᐊᑯᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᑦ.

ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᕐᕋᕖᔭᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᕈᓪᓗᒋᑦ. (ᑕᑯᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᑎᑦ ᒪᑉᐱᖅᑐᒐᖓᓂ 29).

ᕿᓚᒥᖅᑕᐅᑦ

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖏᑦ

ᐊᖑᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗ ᐊᑎᒋᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓇᓴᓕᖕᓂᒃ, ᖃᕐᓕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᑲᒥᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᖁᓕᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓇᑦᑎᐅᑉ

ᕿᓯᖓ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ. ᐊᒥᖓ

ᐅᖅᓱᓕᕕᓂᐅᒐᒥ ᐅᔅᓯᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᔭᙱᑦᑐᖅ.

ᓇᑦᑎᐅᑉ ᕿᓯᖓ ᐱᐅᓛᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕆᔭᕆᐊᖓ ᖃᔭᖅᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ,

ᒪᓴᔭᙱᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ.

ᕿᓯᖕᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᓕᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᕐᓇᑦ

ᐅᖅᓱᐃᔭᐃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᓗᖕᒧᑦ (ᐊᖕᒪᓗᒃᑑᑉ

ᓇᑉᐸᖓ ᑮᓇᓕᒃ ᐃᐱᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ

ᓴᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ).

ᕿᓯᑦ ᑕᓯᓴᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ,

ᐃᓐᓂᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᒪᔾᔭᒃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᕿᑐᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᙳᖅᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ. ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᑦ

ᐃᓕᑉᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓈᓇᖏᓐᓂᑦ.

ᑕᕝᕙ ᐊᓈᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸᖕᓂᙱᑦᑐᖅ

ᓅᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᕐᒥ

ᓅᑲᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᒪᓕᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑰᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᓂ

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒡᕕᒋᖕᒪᔾᔪᑦ

ᓯᑯ, ᑰᖕᒥᓪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐱᑦ ᑎᓱᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ

ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᑐᒃᑐᖕᓂᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᐱᖁᑎᖏᑦ

ᓇᒃᓴᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᓕᒫᑦ ᓇᒃᓴᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᕕᓂᖏᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᖅᑎᖅᑐᒋᓪᓗ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᔾᔮᙱᑦᑐᑦ.

ᓂᕿᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᓯᓂᖅ

ᓂᕿᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᕈᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ

ᐸᕝᕕᓵᖑᑎᑦᑕᐃᓕᓇᓱᒃᑐᒋᑦ ᐱᕈᔭᕕᓃᑦᑕᐅᖅ

ᐃᒍᓇᖅᓯᐊᖑᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ, ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᒪᒪᕆᔭᐅᔪᐊᓗᐃᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒡᓗ ᓂᕿᑦ

ᒪᒪᖅᓯᑦᑎᐊᖑᓲᖑᖕᒪᑕ.

ᐱᕈᔭᕕᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᒐᓚᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᓴᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑐᐊᐸᖕᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᓵᑦᑐᔮᒐᓚᓄᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓄᑦ.

ᐃᒍᓇᓕᐊᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓱᕈᔾᔭᐃᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓴᐅᔭᐅᒐᒥᒡᓗ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᔭᐅᓕᕐᒥᒃᐸᑦ.

ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᖃᔭᑦ ᖃᒧᑎᓪᓗ

ᐃᑳᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᖅᑕᐅᔭᕌᖓᒥᒃ.

ᐃᓄᒃᓱᑦ

ᐃᓄᒃᓱᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᖕᓂᒃ

ᖃᓕᕇᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᙳᐊᐸᓘᔮᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᒃ, ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ

ᐱᔪᖃᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᒍᓂ ᐳᐃᒍᖅᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ,

ᐃᓕᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᓪᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᑦ

ᑭᐱᙳᐃᔭᐅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ

ᑖᖏᓐᓇᕈᔪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᐃᓕᓕᕌᖓᒥᒃ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᒐᓚᐅᕗᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᖏᑦ

ᐃᓄᖕᓂᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᐃᓐᓈᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓲᖑᒐᓗᐊᓂᒃ. ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, ᐊᔭᕌᕐᓂᖅ,

ᐊᑎᖓ ᐃᓅᕋᑖᖅᑐᑯᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᑐᖁᔪᕕᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᖕᒪᑕ ᐊᑎᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᖕᒪᒍ ᑕᕐᓂᖓᑕ ᑖᓐᓇᓗ ᑐᖁᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐆᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᑖᔅᓱᒨᓇ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ.

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᓂᕐᓂᖃᕐᓇᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᓄᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᒥᒃ, ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑕᖅᑭᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ

ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᓇᕕᐊᓗᒃ, ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓗ ᓱᓕ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᕗᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᓄᑦ.

ᓄᓇᖓᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᒪᓴᐅᕗᖅ, ᖃᖅᑲᖃᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᑕᓯᖃᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᑰᑦ

ᓄᓇᕕᐊᓗᒡᓗ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᐃᑦᑑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᒥᓗᒋᐊᑦ

(Athapaskan)

(Slavey)

(Beaver)

(Carrier)

(Western Carrier)

(Chilcotin)

ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᒃ

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒋᐊᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ.

ᐊᕐᓇᖏᑦ ᐆᔪᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓂᓪᓗ

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᙳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ

ᐃᒻᒪᒃᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᖕᓂᒃ ᐆᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ

ᐴᖅᓯᕕᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑐᒃᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ

ᐴᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐆᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐸᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ.

ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖃᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ, ᖃᔪᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᒃᑑᑉ

ᓂᕆᕙᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᔪᖅ ᑕᖏᖃᖅᑎᑦᑐᒍ.

ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ.

ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᕈᓲᖑᕗᑦ. ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᐅᑉ

ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᕐᕋᖅᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᓲᖑᕗᑦ. ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓵᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕐᓂᖓᓅᓕᓲᖑᕗᑦ

ᓂᕿᖃᕐᕕᒋᖕᒪᔾᔪᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᖅ ᑕᒪᐅᓇᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐃᓪᓕᓂᖃᖅᐳᑦ.

ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᓂᖏᑦ ᓇᒦᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑰᑉ ᑕᓯᐅᓪᓗ ᓯᒡᔭᖓᓂ ᐃᑳᕋᓱᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓈᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ, ᓂᕿᖃᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᓪᓛᓘᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᕝᕙᓗ ᐊᖑᖃᑦᑕᑦᑎᐊᙱᑉᐸᑦ (ᓂᕿᖓᓂᒃ ᑐᓐᓄᖓᓐᓂᓪᓗ) ᐱᙱᑉᐸ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᕐᓕᕋᕋᔭᕐᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓄᓂᕙᒃᐸᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐊᕐᓇᖏᓪᓗ ᓄᓂᕙᒃᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ

ᐸᐅᕐᖓᒐᓚᖕᓂᒃ.

ᐊᒃᖢᓈᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ “babiche”−ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ

ᓇᕿᑕᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓂᒐᖅᑎᔾᔪᑎᓕᐊᕆᓪᓗᒋᑦ,

ᖃᒧᑎᑯᑖᖕᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᓂᐊᕈᑎᓕᐊᕆᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᓄᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ ᓱᕈᓯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᔭᒐᕐᓂᒃ.

ᓇᒃᓴᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ (ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ, ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᐃᕋᖓᓂᒃ ᓂᐱᑦᑕᔫᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒡᓗ)

ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓅᑲᑕᖕᓂᖅᓴᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᐱᓱᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᓇᒻᒪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᑦᑐᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓱᕈᓯᓛᑦ. ᐊᕐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ

ᐅᖁᒪᐃᑦᑐᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᓅᑦᑎᕆᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓱᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᕿᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓇᒻᒪᒃᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᓅᑲᑕᖕᓂᖅ

ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᓐᓇᖅᐸᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᒃᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᐊᖏᓂᖏᓪᓗ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᕿᓚᒃᓱᕐᕕᒋᓂᐊᖅᑕᖓ

ᕿᔫᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᒥᖏᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᖕᒪᑕ ᐊᐳᒻᒧᑦ ᒪᐅᔭᐅᒐᓗᐊᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ

ᑕᑭᓂᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ 2m-ᒥᒃ (6 ½ ft.).

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓯᕗᖏᑦ

ᖁᒻᒧᑦ ᓂᐅᙵᒃᑎᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑎᖅᑎᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᐸᓂᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ

ᖃᒧᑎᑯᑖᑦ ᓇᑖᒃᑭᐅᒐᒥᒃ ᒪᐅᔭᐅᒐᓗᐊᒃᑯᑦ

ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐅᖁᒪᐃᑦᑐᐊᓘᒐᓗᐊᓂᒃ

ᐅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ. ᕿᒧᒃᓯᖃᓕᑕᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑦ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᒃᓴᕐᒪᑕ ᕿᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ.

ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖏᑦ

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓕᕌᖓᑕ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᓴᑲᓂᕐᓗᒡᕕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐸᑕ ᐊᑭᕋᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᑦ ᑑᕐᖓᕐᓂᒃ.

ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᐅᑉ, ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᑑᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᐱᕐᒥ ᑐᐱᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᔪᔅᓯᓪᓛᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᓯᑎᓪᓗᒍ.

ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᖕᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᑑᕐᖓᑦ

ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ

ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒡᓗ. ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᙳᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᖏᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ. ᒪᓕᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᙱᑉᐸᑦ ᑎᕆᒍᓲᓯᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᒍᓐᓃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓗᓂ ᑑᕐᖓᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᓪᓗ ᐱᕐᕈᐊᕿᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ.

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᐅᕙᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᐊᒥᕐᓂᒃ ᕿᑐᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᒃ, ᓂᕿᒥᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓕᐊᒃᓴᓂᒃ

ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᐊᓕᓂᖓᓂ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᓂᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᕕᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᒥᓯᕋᕐᒥᒃ. ᑲᓇᖕᓇᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᒥᕐᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓂᒋᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᑕᕝᕚᑲᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ

ᒋᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᕗᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ

(ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᑕᐅᕙᓂᕐᒥᐅᑕᑐᖃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᒐᐃᑦ

1780 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒋᓐᓂ ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑕᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.)

ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ, ᑕᐅᕙᓐᓇ ᑭᙵᖃᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ, ᑕᓯᓕᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂ, ᑰᖃᐅᖅᑐᓂ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᐅᖅᑐᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᑕᐅᕙᓂᒥᐅᑕᑐᖃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᑦᑕᕐᓇᑎᒃ

ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓂᕙᒃᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ

ᓂᕿᒋᓂᐊᖅᑕᒥᓐᓂᒃ. ᐱᕈᖅᓰᔨᒻᒪᕆᕕᓂᐊᓗᐃᑦ, ᓄᐊᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᐊᒥᒐᔭᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᒥᓐᓂᒃ.

ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ

ᒐᕙᒪᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ.

ᐃᓪᓗᑯᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ 5 ᐅᕝᕙᓗ 6 ᐃᓚᒌᑦ

ᐃᓪᓗᖃᑎᒌᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ

ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᑦ 100−ᖑᓗᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᑯᑖᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᓄᓇᒋᓂᐊᖅᑕᖓᑦ

ᓂᕈᐊᖅᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕋᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ.

ᓴᐳᑎᔭᕐᓂᕆᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᑭᕋᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑕᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᐸᑕ ᐱᔭᕐᓂᙱᒋᐊᕐᓗᓂ.

ᓲᕐᓗ ᑭᙵᐅᑉ ᖁᓛᓂ, ᐊᑎᖓ

ᒪᓴᐅᒋᐊᕐᓗᓂ. ᐃᓂᒋᔭᖓᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᕆᕗᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᒧᑦ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ

ᐃᓪᓗᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᑯᐊᓚᑎᑕᒃᓴᓂᒡᓗ, ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂᓗ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᒥᒃ.

ᐃᓪᓗᑯᑖᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ

ᐱᖓᓲᓕᖓᔪᓄᑦ ᓄᕝᕗᒃᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᓄᑦ.

ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓄᑦ ᐃᓯᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐱᕕᑭᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ, ᐊᕙᓗᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐅᐊᑦᑎᕕᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑎᑭᑕᐅᓕᖁᓇᒋᑦ

ᐊᑭᕋᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᓗᐃᔭᐅᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐃᐅᕆ

ᐅᐃᓐᑖᑦ (ᕼᐃᐅᕌᓐ)

ᓂᐅᑦᑐᕈᓪ

ᑎᐅᓄᓐᑕᑎ (ᐱᑐᓐ)

ᕼᐊᐅᑎᓄᓴᐅᓃ (ᐃᐅᕋᑯᐊ), ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᔪᒐ, ᒐᓂᐊᖏᕼᐊᒐ (ᒨᕼᐋᒃ), ᐅᓇᐃᑕ, ᐅᓄᓐᑕᒐ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓂᑲ

6-ᖑᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ

ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓗᖓᓂᓪᓕ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᑕ 1867-ᒥ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᓕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᕗᑦ (ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᑎᒃ

ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ). ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ 1300-ᓂᑦ 1400-ᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ

ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᒐᓂᐊᖏᕼᐊᒐ, ᑲᔪᒐ, ᐅᓄᓐᑕᒐ, ᐅᓇᐃᑕ, ᓯᓂᑲᓪᓗ.

1700-ᓂ, ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᖓᑦ ᑕᔅᑲᕈᐊᕋ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑎᖃᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᖅᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᖁᓕᐅᖖᒋᒐᖅᑐᑎᒃ: ᑑᑐᑦ,

ᑎᑦᑖᓕᑦ, ᑭᒋᐊᑦ, ᑯᓪᓗᐃᑦᑐᑦ, ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᑦ, ᐊᒪᕈᑦ, ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᑦ, ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ,

ᑕᑎᒡᒐᕐᔪᐊᓪᓗ. ᐊᓈᓇᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᖅᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᕈᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓵᑭᒻ−ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑎᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᒌᓄᑦ.

ᐊᑕᖏᓕᒫᕐᓗᑎᒃ, 50-ᐅᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᓵᑭᒻ ᑲᑎᒪᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᓂ

ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᑕᐱᕇᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᓵᑭᒻ

ᐊᖑᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᓂᕈᐊᖅᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐲᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓃᓪᓕ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᙱᑉᐸᑕ.

ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖏᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᖃᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ.

ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓕᒫᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ

ᑲᑎᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᓪᓕ ᓵᑭᒻ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑐᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒑᖓᑕ.

ᐅᐃᓐᑕᑦ, ᓂᐅᑦᑐᕈ, ᐃᐅᕆ ᑎᐅᓄᓐᑕᑎᓪᓗ ᑕᐱᕇᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ, 1500 ᓄᖑᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐅᐃᓐᑕᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ, ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖃᖅᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᓴᐃᒪᓂᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᔪᐊᖓ.

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᐃᓕᒌᓕᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᕕᓗᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᓕᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐃᖅᑲᒃᓴᓯᒪᔪᓂᒡᓗ. ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐸᐸᑦᑎᔨᑦ

ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ

ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ

ᑲᓇᖕᓇᒥ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᖃᔅᓰᓐᓇᐅᖃᑕᐅᕗᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ,

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ

ᓄᓂᕙᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᓪᓗ ᐊᑕᖐᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᕕᒃ ᐃᑭᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᑲᑎᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑦ

ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓪᓗ ᐃᑭᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᔭᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᑦ

ᐱᕈᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ. ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᓇ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᑎᖓ

ᐊᒦᔭᕐᓗᒍ ᐃᑯᐊᓪᓚᒡᓗᒍᓗ ᐅᕐᕈᑎᓴᕋᐃᓐᓇᕐᒪᑦ.

ᓄᓇ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᒪᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᔾᔪᖓ

ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᕐᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᒪᐃᔅᒥᒃ (ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᑦ), ᓂᓕᕐᓇᖅᑐᓐᓂᒃ, ᔅᑯᐊᔅᓂᒡᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ

ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓃᑦ, “ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᕐᓇ ᓄᑲᕇᑦ” ᐅᕝᕙᓗ “ᑐᙵᕕᕗᑦ.” ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᕈᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᔨᓄᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ

ᑲᑎᙵᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᑦ ᓇᑲᖏᑦ ᑕᑭᔫᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ

ᐱᕈᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓂᓕᕐᓇᖅᑐᓄᑦ, ᔅᑯᐊᔅᓗ ᓄᓇᒧᑦ ᖃᓂᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᖁᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᔾᔭᐃᒃᑯᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᑦ ᓂᕿᓪᓗᐊᑕᕕᓂᖅ. ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓵᒃᑯᑦ

ᐸᐅᕐᖓᕐᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᔭᓕᖕᓂᒃ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓪᓗ

ᑎᖅᑎᑎᑦᑐᒍ

ᓱᑲᓕᐊᕆᓪᓗᒍ.

ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕙᒃᑐᓄᑦ. ᐱᕈᖅᑐᒃᓴᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ, ᐸᐅᕐᖓᒃᐸᒃ, ᐸᐅᕐᖓᖅ, ᓂᓕᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐆᔭᐅᔭᖅ

ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᖅ, ᒥᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᑦ, ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓂᕐᓗ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᖅᐳᑦ

“ᑕᑯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᕕᓂᖓ” ᓯᓐᓇᒃᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᓕᖅᑐᒍᓗ ᑕᕝᕚᑲᒥᒃ ᐃᑭᑦᑎᓯᓐᓈᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑑᕐᖓᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᖓ ᐃᔅᓴᒍᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒍ

ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓖᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐴᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓕᖕᓂᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑭᒡᒐᕆᓪᓗᓂᒋᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᐃᔅ ᐴᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ

ᓚᑯᕌᔅ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᕗᖅ

ᕼᐊᐅᑎᓄᓴᐅᓂᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ

ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᑦ

ᐊᑯᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐴᖅᓯᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐴᖅᓯᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑭᕋᕇᑦ ᐴᖅᓯᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᑭᕋᖏᑕ

ᓴᐳᑎᓇᓱᒃᑕᖓᓂᒃ. ᐊᑯᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑕᖃᓴᕋᐃᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑐᓂᕐᕈᓯᐊᖑᓯᒪᓱᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᔨᒥᑦ

ᐅᑉᐱᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓯᒪᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ.

ᓄᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ

ᐃᓗᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑑᓪᓗ ᐊᒥᖓᓂᒃ

ᑲᓅᑦ ᓄᑦᑕᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ. ᑲᓅᖏᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ

ᑕᓯᖃᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᑰᖃᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᐅᑐᓂᓗ.

ᐃᐅᕋᑯᐊᑎᑐᑦ, ᐊᓪᒑᖕᑯᐊᓐ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑭᒍᑕᐅᔭᕐᓂᒃ,

ᔅᑯᐊᔅᓂᓪᓗ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᒥᓱᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᐊᒥᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ,

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒃᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐊᖑᑎᖏᑦ

ᐊᐱᓈᑭ

ᐊᓂᔅᓯᓇᐱᒃ (ᐊᓪᒑᓐᑭᓐ)

ᐱᐅᑕᒃ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᐃᒡᐅᐊᒻ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᕗᓖᑦ

ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᕗᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᓇᓖ, ᐅᒥᒃᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᓄᕕᖅᓴᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᖃᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒦᙶᖅᑐᓂᒃ. (ᐅᐃᒡᐅᐊᒻ ᐱᓯᒪᕗᖅ

ᐊᓪᒑᖕᑯᐊᓐᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᑦ “ᐅᐃᒡᐅᐊᔅ,”

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓅᓕᐊᕆᓯᐅᖓᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓ).

ᓄᓇᒥᓂ, ᐊᓛᓯ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᒃᓴᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ.

ᐃᓕᐅᖅᑲᖅᑳᑐᒍ ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᒥᖓᓄᑦ ᓯᕿᓂᕐᒥ

ᐸᓂᖅᓯᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᐃᑯᒪᒧᑦ

ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᕆᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅᑐᒍ. ᐊᓛᓯ ᐸᓂᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐃᕈᓖᑦ

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖏᑦ

ᐃᒡᓗᖏᑦ

ᐱᖁᑎᖏᓪᓗ

ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᑐᖅᑯᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐴᓕᐊᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓪᓗ

ᐃᒥᐅᑎᑦ, ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᑦ, ᑭᐳᑦ, ᓵᑦ ᖃᑦᑕᓪᓗ

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᖄᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᑦᑕᖏᑦ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᔅᓯᖓᓂ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᓰᕐᓇᖅᑐᓕᐅᕋᒃᓴᒥᒃ. ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᖄᖏᑦ

ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐊᓪᓚᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ.

ᐊᓪᓚᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᒻᒧᒃᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ.

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ

ᐊᓪᒑᖕᑯᐊᓐ ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᕋᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᒃᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ

25-ᓂᑦ 40−ᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᓄᒃᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ

ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᑐᑎᒃ.

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑎᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᒃᐸᒃᑕᖏᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᐸᒃᑲᒥᒃ.

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᑎᑭᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᖃᖓᓗ

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᕝᕕᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᖕᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᒥ ᑕᓯᕐᓂ ᑰᖕᓂᓪᓗ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓱᓕ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕆᐊᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᑦ ᐅᓈᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᓯᒃᓯᖃᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᖑᓇᓲᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ

ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ, ᑐᒃᑐᕙᖕᓂᒃ, ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ, ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᓂᒃ, ᑐᒃᑐᖅᐸᓂᒃ, ᑯᓪᓗᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ, ᑭᒋᐊᓂᒃ, ᐅᑲᓕᕐᓂᒃ

ᐃᓛᖁᔅᓯᕐᓂᒡᓗ. ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖕᓂᐊᖅᐸᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ

ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓂᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᐳᓪᓚᑎᓂᒡᓗ. ᓂᒐᖅ

ᑐᒃᑐᕙᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᐳᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᖁᒪᐃᒻᒪᑕᓗ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᒪᐅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᖃᒧᑎᑯᑖᖕᒧᑦ

ᐅᓯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᖅ ᓂᕿᑖᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᓄᓂᕙᖕᓂᖅ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑕᓗ

ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᐊᖅᓴᐅᑎᓂᒡᓗ. ᓇᖁᑏᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑏᓕᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓂᐊᖁᙳᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᑉᐳᐊᐃᓄᑦ ᐃᒥᒐᒃᓴᖖᒍᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐅᑕᐅᐊᓄᑦ. ᓇᖁᑏᑦ ᐊᐃᕋᖏᓪᓗ ᑎᖅᑎᑦᑐᒥ ᐆᑦᑎᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᔅᓯᖓᓗ ᒥᖑᐊᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐋᓐᓂᖅᓯᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒥᒡᒫᓄᑦ. ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐸᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ.

ᑭᓂᑦᑎᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ, ᑕᓯᓯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᐳᔫᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᕿᑐᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᑐᒍ.

ᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐳᑦᑐᑎᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑐᒃᑑᓪᓗ ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᕙᓗᖓᓂ

ᒥᖅᓲᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ.

ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᒪᑯᐊᖑᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᐊᑎᒋ, ᖃᕐᓕᑲᓪᓛᒃ, ᖃᕐᓖᓪᓗ ᐊᖑᑎᓄᑦ.

ᐊᕐᓇᑦ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᑕᔪᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᒃᑐᑦ

ᐊᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ. ᐊᐃᖏᑦ ᐲᕋᒃᓴᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᖅᑰᓕᖅᐸᑕ

ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᑲᑦᑐᖓᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑲᑕᒋᐊᖃᖅᐸᑕ.

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓕᖃᖅᐸᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒥᕐᒥᒃ, ᐅᑲᓕᕋᔭᖕᒥᒃ ᐱᕐᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ. ᐊᕐᓇ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᒃ

ᐊᓪᓚᒃᓯᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᓇᓴᕐᓂᒃ ᐳᐊᓗᓂᒡᓗ

ᐃᓛᖁᔅᓰᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᑐᒃᓯᐅᑎᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᑕᑎᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᕈᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᙱᕐᓂᖅ ᕿᓚᐅᔾᔭᕐᓂᖅ ᖁᔭᓕᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑑᕐᖓᖏᓐᓂᒃ.

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ ᕿᔪᖕᒥᒃ ᖁᓪᓗᒋᐊᙳᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᓱᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᕗᖅ ᓴᖏᓂᖃᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᑉᐱᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ.

ᑯᓂᐊᓗᒃ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᕙᓂ

ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕋᑖᖅᑕᓐᓂ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᕆᓕᖅᐳᑦ.

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐊᑦᓛᓐᑎᒃᒥᑦ ᐃᑳᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓯᒪᕗᑦ

ᑲᓱᖅᐹᓪᓕᐅᑎᓂᖅ

ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 1100, ᐅᓪᓗᒥ

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥ ᓂᐅᕙᓐᓛᓐᒥ, ᐱᐅᑕᒃ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᕆᐅᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ

“ᕙᐃᑭᖕ”−ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᐊᓘᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ,

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓕᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᐱᐅᑕᒃᓂᒃ.

ᓯᕗᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᐊᔅ

ᐱᖃᓐᓂᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᕋᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᐱᐅᑕᒃᓄᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕉᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ

ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᒍᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓪᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ

ᐊᑦᑏᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᐅᑕᒃᓂᑦ “skraelings”−ᒥᒃ,

ᑐᑭᓕᒃ “ᐃᓄᕋᓛᕈᓗᐃᑦ.”

ᓄᐊᔅ ᑕᐅᕙᙵᑦ ᕿᒪᕉᑎᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓵᓘᓂᐊᖅᐳᓪᓗ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ

ᓴᖅᑭᒃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ.

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐅᑎᕐᒪᑕ, ᐱᐅᑕᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᖃᕗᒃᑕᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓪᓗ

ᓇᓂᓯᙱᖔᖅᑐᑎᒃ, “ᓄᑖᕐᒥᒃ

ᖃᐅᔨᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ — ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒎᒐᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᑦ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᔪᐊᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ.

ᐸᕝᕕᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᓄᑖᓄᑦ. ᐊᓱᐃᓪᓛᒃ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᑐᖁᑦᑎᔪᑦ

ᐱᐅᑕᒃᒥᒃ. ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1800, ᐱᐅᑕᒃ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ.

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕈᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᓂ,

ᓄᓇᖓ

ᐃᒪᖓᓗ ᐱᑖᕆᓂᕋᖅᑐᓂᐅᒃ ᑮᖓᑕ

ᐃᖕᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂᑦ ᐅᑎᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒧᑦ

ᐅᓂᒃᑳᒃᓴᓕᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᐅᕙᓐᓇᒎᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᓕᐊᓗᒃ.

ᐃᒪᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ ᑕᐅᕗᖓ

ᑎᑭᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ. ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᒥᕐᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᑦ, ᐳᕌᓐᔅᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᔮᒃ

ᑳᑎᐊᐃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓇᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ

ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ, 1534-ᒥ, ᓇᑉᐸᖅᓯᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᓴᓐᓂᖓᔪᙳᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᒑᔅᐱᐅᑉ

ᓄᕗᐊᓂ ᐱᑖᕆᓂᕋᖅᑐᒍ ᐳᕌᓐᔅᒧᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᓄᓇᑖᕆᓂᕋᖅᑕᖓ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ.

ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᑦᑕᐃᓐᓇᖅ, ᕼᐊᐅᑎᓄᓴᐅᓃ

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᓖᑦ ᑖᓇᑰᓇ−ᒥᒃ ᑕᐅᕙᓂ

ᑖᓇᑰᓇ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᓴᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᓐᓂᖅᐹᖅ

ᐅᑎᓕᕈᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᒪᒍ. ᑳᑦᑎᐊᐃ

ᓄᓇᖓ

1535-ᒥ, ᑳᑦᑎᐊᐃ St. Lawrence ᑰᖓᒍ

ᐳᐊᑦ−ᕈᐊᐅᓪᒥ ᓄᕙ ᓯᑰᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᕗᖅ ᐳᕌᓐᔅᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ

ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ,

ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᐅᓕᒪᐅᑎᓂᒃ, ᓴᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᒡᓗ, ᒥᒡᒫᓄᑦ ᑭᒋᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᓇᓴᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖁᓕᑦᑕᐅᔭᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ.

u ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᕗᑦ u

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊᒥᓪᓗ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᒥᖅᑯᓖᑦ ᐊᑭᑐᑦᑎᐊᕋᔭᖅᐳᑦ ᕋᓴᒥ ᓴᐃᓇᒥᓪᓗ. ᓯᐸᐃᓐᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᓇᕈᔨ ᕼᐅᐊᓐ ᐱᐅᕆᔅ ᕼᐅᕐᓇᓐᑎᔅ (Juan Pérez Hernández) ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓅ−ᑦᓵ−ᓄᓪᑦ ᐸᒥᐅᖅᑑᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᓐᓂᒃ 1774-ᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᑯᒃ ᑎᓴᒪᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᐱᖃᓐᓂᕆᔭᖓᓐᓄᑦ, ᕼᐃᐅᕆ ᐱᐅᕌᑦ

ᓃᐅᓪ.

ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᕕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ

ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ. ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓃᙶᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᑦ

ᐱᔭᕐᓂᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᕿᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᐊᔪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕗᖅ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᒃᑲᕐᔪᐊᖑᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ. ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓇᒃᓴᕐᓂᕐᒪᑕ

ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ

ᐊᐅᐸᓪᓛᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᑲᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒍᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ

ᐸᒥᐅᖅᑑᕐᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᒡᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ.

ᒪᑮᓇ

ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ

ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᕌᓗᐃᓪᓗ

ᓅ−ᑦᓵ−ᓄᓪᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖓ ᒪᑮᓇ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᑲᑕᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ.

ᒪᑮᓇ ᐊᔪᙱᑦᑐᐊᓘᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ

ᑭᓱᖁᑎᓕᐊᓘᓕᖅᑐᓂ, ᑐᓂᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐹᑦᓛᑦᔅᒥ. ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᔪᙱᓐᓂᖓᓗ

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ. ᐃᓇᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕚᓐᑰᕗᒥᒃ ᓂᕆᕕᒡᔪᐊᖃᑎᒋᔪᒪᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓇᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑐᓂ ᐋᒃᑳᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ

ᐃᒋᑦᑐᓂᐅᒡᓗ ᐃᒪᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᑭᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑐᐊᓐ ᓯᐊᓛᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑐᖁᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓗ ᑎᒡᓕᒐᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᖃᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᖄᑦᑕᖅᐳᖅ — ᓯᐊᓛᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᕐᔭᖓ ᐃᑯᐊᓪᓚᒃᑕᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒦᑦᑐᓕᒫᑦᑎᐊᑦ ᑐᖁᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᑕᐃᒫᒃ

ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᓱᖓᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᕈᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᐸᑕ

ᖃᓄᐃᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ.

1800 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᑦ

ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ

ᐸᐃ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᐊᑦ ᐅᐃᔅᑦ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᓪᓗ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊᒃ ᑲᒻᐸᓃᒃ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑦᑎᔭᕆᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᑐᑦᑕᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒪᒃᑰᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ

ᕿᓂᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᕈᔨᓄᑦ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᕈᔩᑦ, ᓇᕈᔪᒻᒪᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓅᓇᓱᒋᐊᒃᓴᖅ ᓄᓇᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᓂᙱᓚᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔨᑕᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐊᕐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ, ᓂᕿᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᓵᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ.

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᕈᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᕼᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑭᐅᓪᓯᒥᒃ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᓂ

ᑕᕆᐅᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᑯᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᓇᑎᕐᓈᓗᖕᒥᒃ 1690ᒥ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐊᑎᑲᓯᔅ

ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐋᓐᑕᓂ ᕼᐃᐊᓐᑕᐃᒥ,

ᐃᑳᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓇᑎᕐᓈᓗᖕᒥ 1754ᖑᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.

ᒫᑕᓇᐲ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓵᒥᐅᓕ ᕼᐆᕐᓐᒥ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᐸᓯᖓᒍᒃ 1770-72ᒧᑦ.

1793-ᒥ ᐊᓕᒃᓵᓐᑕ ᒪᑭᐊᓐᓯ ᕿᓂᕆᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᓯᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᙱᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᑰᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒃᓴᒥᒃ

ᐃᓪᓕᓂᑦ,” ᐃᒪᕕᖕᒧᑦ. (ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᑎᑦ

ᐸᓯᕕᒃ ᐃᒪᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓇᑕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᓂᕆᕕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᒃᓴᓪᒃᓄᑦ.

ᒪᑭᐊᓐᓯ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᐸᓯᕕᒃ

ᐃᒪᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᓗᐊᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒋᔭᕆᐊᖓ.

ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᓇᒃᓴᓪᒃᓄᑦ

ᕼᐊᐃᐅᓪᑦᓱᒃᓄᓪᓗ, ᖃᐅᔨᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ

ᑲᑉᑕᓐ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᑯᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕚᓐᑰᕙ

ᑕᐅᕙᓃᒌᖅᑐᕕᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.

1806-ᒥ ᓴᐃᒪᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᓴ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓇᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ

ᑰᑉ ᐋᕆᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ. ᒪᔅᑯᐃᒻ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ

ᑰᑉ ᐋᕆᐊᖓᓂ ᑲᒪᐃᖅᑭᒃᑲᔭᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᒎᖅ

“ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ”. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑰᒃ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ

ᕗᕋᐃᓴ ᑰᖓᓂᒃ.

ᐅᑉᐱᕐᓂᓕᕆᔩᑦ

ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᓂ 1600 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂᑦ,

ᑎᒥᖏᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᖃᙱᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ¾ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᑐᖁᕋᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ. ᐊᓪᓛᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᕙᖕᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ

ᑐᖁᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ.

ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᖁᕋᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᓄᖑᑦᑎᑲᓴᖕᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ.

ᑲᖐᒋᔭᐅᕗᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑎᑭᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒧᑦ, 350,000-ᖑᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. 1867 ᑎᑭᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ 115,000-ᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᐋᓐᓂᐊᒧᑦ

ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑲᓴᒃᑐᑦ.

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕈᕆᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓂᖏᑦ

ᖃᓗᓈᑦ ᓇᕈᔩᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓕᒃᓯᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗ

ᐊᕙᓗᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖅᐸᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒋᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᑖᕈᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ

ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᓛᖑᖃᑕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ

— ᑎᑭᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᕗᑦ

ᓄᖑᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᑯᐱᐊᒃ ᓯᑎ, ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ 1608-ᒥ,

ᒥᖅᑯᓖᑦ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓪᓗ

ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᒌᒃᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᓄᓇᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᓚᐅᙱᓚᐃᑦ. ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᒐᖅᓯᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᓇᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᑖᕈᒪᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᐅᕈᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᕝᕕᐊᕈᓱᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. 1800 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦ ᓄᖑᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓅᑎᑕᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᓂᒋᓕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᒪᐃᑏ ᑭᖑᕚᖑᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᓪᓗ ᕿᑐᙱᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒪᑕ.

ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖕᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ ᒪᐃᑏᓂᒃ

ᑕᑎᒍᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᒥᑲᓐᒥᒃ

ᑐᓂᓯᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ. ᒪᐃᑏ ᐊᖑᑎᖏᑦ

ᐸᕙᓗᓐᓂᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ, ᐊᕐᓇᖏᓪᓗ

ᐱᒥᑲᓐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒃ. ᐊᖑᑎᖏᑦᑕᐅᖅ

ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ, ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖕᓂᐊᖅᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖕᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ. 1800 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑕ ᕿᑎᒋᓕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ,

10,000 ᒪᐃᑏ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐅᐃᓂᐱᒡᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ

1869-ᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ

ᑐᓂᓯᔪᒪᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ. ᒪᐃᑏ

ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔭᐅᓐᓂᙱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ.

ᐳᕋᐃᒻ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᔮᓐ ᒪᒃᑖᓄᑦ

ᓄᓇᙳᐊᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒥ

ᐊᒡᒍᖅᑐᐃᔭᖅᑐᖅᑎᑦᑎᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ. ᒪᐃᑏ

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖓ ᓗᐃ ᕈᐃᐊᓪ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᔭᖅᑐᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ

ᓄᓇᙳᐊᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖁᓇᓂᒋᑦ

ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑦᑐᒋ. ᑭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᒃᑖᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᓇᒥᒃ

ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᓯᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᕗᐊᑦ ᒋᐅᕆᒥᒃ

ᑲᒪᔨᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ, ᕈᐃᐊᑦ ᑰᒃ ᓄᓇᓪᓗᐊᖓᓂ.

ᐅᓇᑕᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ

ᕈᐃᐊᓪᒥᒃ. ᒪᐃᑏ ᐱᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᕗᐊᑦ ᒋᐅᕆᒥᒃ

ᓄᑖᒥᒡᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ — ᒪᐃᑏ

ᒐᕙᒪᖏᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᕈᐃᐊᓪᒥᒃ.

ᐅᕙᓂᓕ ᓴᔅᑳᑦᓱᐊᓐᒥ. ᕈᐃᐊᓪ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᒐᐃᐳᕆᐅᓪ ᑐᒫᓐᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᙳᖅᑎᑦᑐᒍ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ 400-ᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᒃ. ᒪᐃᑏ ᑭᒃᑐᕋᐃᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᐊᔭᓂᒃ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᓂᒃ, ᑎᓪᓕᒐᕐᕕᖃᕆᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᒡᓗ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓂᒃ ᑕᒃ ᓚᐃᒃᒥᓪᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᓕᕐᒥᖕᒪᑕ, ᐸᑖᔅᒥ, ᓵᓚᐅᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᖃᔅᓰᓐᓇᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᖕᒪᑕ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ.

ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᑖᒃ ᑯᕇᓄᑦ, ᐸᐅᓐᒪᐃᑲ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᒡ ᐱᐊ, ᐅᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᓄᖅᑲᖓᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᒃᑐᕕᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓕᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐅᓇᑕᓕᖅᑎᑦᑕᐃᓕᓇᓱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᕕᓃᒃ ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑐᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓂᒃ, ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᖕᒧᑦ.

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᓇᓱᓕᕐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ, 1876-ᒥ, ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ

ᒪᓕᒐᕐᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᑐᒪ ᒪᓕᒐᐅᑉ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᕆᕚ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᙳᖅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᓂᒃ — ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᔭᓈᖅᓯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᐊᔾᔨᐅᓕᕐᔫᒥᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐊᕐᕌᒎᒐᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ

ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑎᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᐳᖅ 42-ᖏᖅᓱᖅᑐᓂ. ᓲᕐᓗ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ

ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒥ

ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑖᕋᓱᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ

ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓇᓱᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪ

ᒫᓐᓇ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ

ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᖕᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑖᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᕗᑦ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᒃᑯᐃᔪᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ

ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᑕᐅᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ, ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ,

ᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᓄᓇᑖᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ

ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᑐᓵᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᔪᕕᓂᖅᑕᐅᖅ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓲᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᓴᐳᑎᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᐅᓚᐅᑎᓕᖕᓂᓪᓗ

ᐅᒥᐊᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᑎᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᑎᒃ.

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᙳᖅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ

ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᖓᔪᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑭᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᑕ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓯᔪᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ “ᐊᓪᓚᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ”

ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐃᓕᐊᕐᔪᑎᑐᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑕᐅᖃᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᓱᓕ ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ

ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑕᐅᕗᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᖓ

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᙱᓚᖅ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᒐᓚᑦ

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒃᐳᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ

ᓱᕋᐃᓯᒪᕐᔪᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᙳᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᐱᔪᒪᕗᓪᓗ

ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ,

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᑦᑐᙳᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ

ᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᙱᓚᖅ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᕈᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥ 1960 ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᐅᓪᐴᑕᒥ 1965-ᒥ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔫᓂᖓᓄᑦ.

ᐱᓇᓱᐊᑦᑎᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖅᑐᓪᓗ

ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᖕᒥ 6-ᓄᑦ ᑕᖅᑭᓄᑦ. 1921-ᒥ, ᓈᓚᖕᓇᑎᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᒥᒃ,

ᐹᑦᓛᑦᔅ ᒐᕙᒪᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ

1884-ᒥ ᐹᑦᓛᑦᔅ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ

ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ. ᐅᓇᑦᑕᐅᖅ, 1885-ᒥ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᓕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᓯᕿᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᒧᒥᕆᐊᖃᕈᓐᓃᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑲᓴᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦ. 1920 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᖕᒨᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ 6−ᖑᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ.

ᐳᑭᖅᑕᓖᑦ ᐃᓵᖅᓴᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᕕᖓᓐᓂᒃ

ᑎᒍᓯᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᒻᐸᒻ

ᕿᓗᐊᓂᒡᓗ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ

ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ

ᐃᓕᓯᕗᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖓᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᓂᒃ.

ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᙱᑐᖃᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ

ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᙱᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ.

ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᙳᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᓱᖕᓂᖏᑦ

ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᖏᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐳᖅ. ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐳᐃᒍᐃᖁᔨᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ.

ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᓂ 1880 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᙳᖅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᕿᒃᓵᖕᓇᓛᖓ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᕗᖅ. ᓱᕈᓯᑦ 6-ᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓖᑦ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᕗᑦ “ᐸᐸᑦᑎᔨ”ᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ. ᓱᕈᓰᑦ ᑎᑭᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓄᑦ, ᓄᔭᐃᔭᖅᑕᐅᕗᑦ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᕗᓪᓗ

ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᓇᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐃᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᙱᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᙲᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᖃᓄᖅ ᑐᖁᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᙲᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᑎᕈᓐᓇᓯᔫᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᓯᒪᔪᑐᑦ ᐱᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᒥᓱᓪᓗ ᐃᕕᖅᑎᒍᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᓪᓗᑎᒃ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ 1970 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑕ ᕿᑎᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᓴᔅᑳᑦᓱᐊᓐᒥ, ᒪᑐᔭᐅᕗᖅ 1996-ᒥ. ᔫᓂ 11, 2008-ᒥ,

ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᖃᐅᑉᐸᓪᓗ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓴᖕᓂᒃ

ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᖃᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ,

ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ,

ᓄᓇᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᓱᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ

ᐊᑐᐊᒐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᓱᕋᐃᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᒥᒃ. ᐅᓪᓗᒥ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓱᓕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᐅᒃᓴᙱᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑐᑦ,

ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᕗᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ

ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᓂᕆᐅᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ

ᖃᔅᓰᓐᓴᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᑦ 10-ᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᒃ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᓕᒫᓂᑦ.

1990 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑕ ᐊᕝᕙᖓᓂ, ᓄᑖᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑎᒥᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᕗᑦ

ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑖᕋᓱᖕᓂᖅ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ

ᐃᒫᒃ,

ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ

ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓂᒃ (“ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᓖᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᑦ” ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖏᑦ).

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑎᐅᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᑖᖅᑎᑕᐅᕕᒋᓯᒪᙱᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᓕᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᒪᐃᑏᓗ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ

ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᐳᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ

ᐅᐃᕖᓄᑦ,

ᑲᓇᑕ ᓱᓕ ᓄᓇᙳᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ.

ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕉᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᓂᒃ

ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᕙᓕᖅᐳᖅ.

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑦ ᓴᖖᒋᓂᖃᖅᐳᑦ

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᐳᑦ

ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᐳᑦ

ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᒃ. ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ

ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖃᖅᐳᑦ, ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎ

ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᑐᐊᖅᐸᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᑐᖃᒥᓄᑦ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᙱᓚᖅ:

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ

ᐲᖅᓯᓂᐅᙱᓚᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᐅᓱᒋᕚ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ

ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᒐᒥ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ 1972-ᒥ. ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᔨᖅᓯᓯᒪᓐᓂᖖᒋᓚᕐᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᑐᖃᖏᓐᓄᑦ. 1996-ᒥ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᑖᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐊᕙᑕᓕᕆᓂᖅ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ

ᐃᒥᑦᑎᐊᕙᖃᙱᓗᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑕᐅᙱᓕᖅᑐᓂᒃ.

20,000-ᒦᑉᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ ᐃᒥᑦᑎᐊᕙᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ

ᓴᓗᒪᖖᒋᓗᐊᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂᐅᓪᓗ ᖁᑦᑕᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ, 100-ᒦᓗᐊᖅᐳᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ

ᐃᒥᕋᒃᓴᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ

ᐅᖃᐅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑐᖃᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᒥᑦᑎᐊᕙᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᓈᓗᓕᕆᓂᕐᓗ

ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᓚᑦ ᓱᓕ.

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ.

ᐅᑯᐊᑦᑕᐅᖅ, ᐃᐅᓪᐴᑕ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ

ᑐᖁᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ

ᓱᕈᖅᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑰᒐᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᑕᐹᔅᑲ ᑰᖓᓄᑦ

ᐱᕙᒃᐳᖅ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᒫᖖᒐᑦ

ᓯᐅᕋᖓᓂᑦ. 1,600-ᒦᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ

ᒥᑦᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᐲᔭᐃᔾᔪᑎᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ

ᑐᖁᓯᒪᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒥᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐃᖃᓗᖏᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓖᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅᓱᙱᑦᑐᓪᓗ

ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᐳᑦ ᐋᑕᐹᔅᑲ ᑰᖓᓂ.

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ

ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᐃᔭᐃᕕᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᓴᐃᓗᐊᓕᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ

ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ,

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑐᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᐅᓪᓗᒥ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᖃᖅᐳᑦ

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ.

ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᓯᔪᒪᕗᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ, ᐋᓐᓂᐊᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓂᐅᑉ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᓂᐅᑉ

ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ, ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᓕᕆᓂᐅᑉ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖏᒍᑦ

ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᙱᖔᕐᓗᑎᒃ.

ᓯᕗᒧᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᕋᔮᒃᐳᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ. 1999-ᒥ ᓄᑖᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ,

ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᙳᐊᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᕗᖅ

ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᖖᒋᑦᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᑕᖅᑭᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᕈᒪᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᓲᕐᓗ, ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑐᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂᑦ ᐊᓂᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᑦ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᕋᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ. ᐳᑭᖅᑕᓕᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᖕᓂᓪᓗ. ᐊᒥᓱᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓯᕐᓂᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓱᒋᒃᓯᕗᑦ

ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᓕᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᐋᓪᓚᐅᒋᕚ. ᑕᒪᑐᒧᖓ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᕌᕐᔪᒃᐳᑦ, ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔨᕋᓛᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒪᒥᓴᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᓗ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᑕᓱᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦ

ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᓱᒃᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖖᒍᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᓱᒃᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓪᓗ

ᓄᖑᑕᐅᓐᓂᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐸᐸᑕᐅᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓐᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᑕᓱᐃᓇᓱᖃᑕᐅᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ.

ᐅᓪᓗᒥ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦ — ᒧᒥᕐᓃᑦ,

ᐃᙱᕈᓯᑦ ᓂᕆᕕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓃᓪᓗ — ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᓄᑦ

ᑐᓂᔭᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐱᓐᓇᕈᓱᓕᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ

ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑕᓗ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐅᔾᔨᕈᓱᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ.

ᑐᙵᕕᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᕐᓂᐅᑉ

ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒧᑦ, ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᕐᕈᐊᕿᓯᒪᕗᑦ

ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐃᓕᓴᕆᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔾᔮᙱᓚᑦ.

ᐃᓕᓯᒪᖕᒪᑎᒍᑦ, ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕᓗ ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑐᖃᑎᒌᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ,

ᐃᓄᓕᒫᖏᓐᓄᑦ

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑐᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᒐᖅᓯᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕗᑦ, ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒃᐳᒍᑦ

ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᕋᓱᐃᓐᓇᕋᑦᑕᓗ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖃᑎᒌᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑐᙱᓪᓗᑕ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᒍᓐᓇᕋᑦᑕ...

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6-ᖑᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 38, 39, 57

ᐃ

ᐃᐅᕆ, 38

ᐃᐅᕋᑯᐊ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ

ᑲᓇᖕᓇᕐᒥ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᐅᕋᑯᐊ

ᐃᑯᒻᒪᐅᑎᑦ, 45

ᐃᑯᔫᑎᑦ, 16, 41

ᐃᒃᓯᕙᔪᙳᐊᑦ ᖃᔪᖅᑑᑎᑦ, 17

ᐃᒋᕐᕈᑎᑦ, 21, 26, 31, 33

ᐃᒡᓗᑦ, 24, 25

ᐃᒡᓗᑯᑖᑦ, 36, 37, 40

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, 24–29, 58. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ

ᐃᓄᒃᓱᑦ, 27, 29

ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ

58

ᐃᓅᓕᓴᐅᑎᑦ, 17, 23, 46

ᐃᓐᓚᑲ’ᐸᒪᒃ, 17

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᑦ, 38, 39

ᐃᓕᓴᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐃᓚᒌᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ

ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ, 61

ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑦ, 5, 61

ᐃᓚᔾᔪᕈᓱᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔭᐅᑉᐱᐊᑦ, 39

ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐱᒃ, 13, 14–15, 16

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 7, 9, 11, 14–15, 27, 28, 31, 33, 40, 42, 45, 51

ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓄᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᑎᑦ, 15, 27, 31

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 58

ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᓕᕆᓂᖅ, 60, 61

ᐅ

ᐅᐃᒡᐅᐋᒻ, 43, 45

ᐅᐃᓐᑕᑦ, 38, 40, 50

ᐅᐃᓐᑖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 38

ᐅᐊᑦᓱᐃᑕᓐ, 52

ᐅᐊᒻᐸᒻ ᕿᓗᐊᑦ, 39, 57

ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᑦ, 12–17

ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᑦ, 17

ᐃᕕᑦ ᐴᓕᐊᑦ, 15, 17

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖏᑦ, 13

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 14–15

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 13, 15, 17

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 16

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖏᑦ, 12

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 17

ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᑦ, 12

ᐃᖃᓗᒃᐱᒃ, 14–15

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ, 13, 17

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 16

ᓄᒃᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 16

ᓄᓇᓖᑦ, 12 ᐅᐊᓕᓂᐅᑉ ᓯᒡᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᖁᑦᑎᓐᓂᖅᓴᒥᐅᑦ, 6–11, 51, 56

ᕿᔪᑦ ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᑦ, 9

ᑲᓅᑦ, 6, 7

ᓇᓂᓯᔾᔪᑎ

ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ, 6, 9

ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑑᑎᖏᑦ, 8–9

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᑦ, 6, 7, 10, 11

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, 7, 8, 9

ᐸᑎᐅᔭᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᒃ, 11

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 7, 9, 11

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 7, 11,

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 7

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 7, 11

ᑮᓇᑉᐸᑦ, 6, 10

ᓂᔾᔭᐅᓯᔭᐅᑎᑦ, 11

ᐱᖁᑎᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᑦ, 6, 10, 51, 53, 56

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ, 10

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᖏᑦ, 8, 10

ᕿᔪᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 6

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 11

ᓄᒃᑕᐅᑎᑦ, 7

ᓄᓇᓖᑦ, 6

ᓄᕕᖅᓴᕐᓂᖅ, 7, 8, 9

ᐅᑕᐅᐊ, 46

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᑦ, 24–29, 58

ᕿᓚᒥᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦ, 27

ᐱᕈᔭᑦ, 27, 28, 29

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ, 25

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, 26, 28

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 27, 28

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 27, 28, 28, 29

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 25, 29

ᐅᓈᑦ, 26

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 24, 25, 26

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 26-27, 28, 29

ᐃᒡᓗᑦ, 24, 25

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, 24-29

ᐃᓄᒃᓱᑦ, 27, 29

ᖃᔭᑦ, 27, 28, 29

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ, 29

ᖃᒧᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, ᕿᒧᒃᓯᐅᑎᓂᒃ, 28

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᖏᑦ, 29

ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ, 25, 26

ᐊᔭᕌᕐᓂᖅ, 29

ᓄᒃᑕᐅᑎᑦ, 28

ᐅᒥᐊᑦ, 26, 28

ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ, 25

ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᑦ, 17, 45

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ, 30–35

ᑐᒃᑐ, 31, 32-33, 34, 35

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖏᑦ, 31, 33, 35

ᐴᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 31

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 31, 33

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 30, 31, 32, 33

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 34

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖏᑦ, 30, 31, 33

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 31, 32, 33, 35

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ, 34

ᑕᓪᓗᐃᑦ, 33, 34

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 34, 35

ᑐᐲᑦ, 30, 33

ᐃᒋᕐᕈᑎᑦ, 33

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 35

ᓄᒃᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 34

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓂᖏᑦ

ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓂᓕᕆᔨᑦ, 53, 54

ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓂᓕᕆᓂᖅ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓂᖏᑦ

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 8, 10, 23, 29, 34, 35, 40, 41, 47, 53, 56, 60, 61

ᐅᒥᐊᑦ, 16, 21, 26, 28. ᑕᑯᖕᒥᓗᒍ

ᑲᓅᑦ, ᖃᔭᐃᑦ

ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ, 4, 5, 25, 28

ᐅᓄᓐᑕᒐ, 4, 38 ᐅᓇᐃᑕ, 4, 38

ᐅᓈᑦ, 14, 26

ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 17, 21, 22

ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 54

ᐅᓯᓕᒃ ᐅᓂᐊᒐᖅ, 18, 22

ᐅᔾᔨᑉᐳᐊᐃ, 42, 46 ᐅᕕᓗᑯᑖᑦ, 16, 35

ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᒥᑦ, 60

ᐅᖅᓱᒧᑦ ᐃᒡᓕᓃᑦ, 11, 53

ᐊ

ᐊ’ᐊᓂᓂᓐ, 22

ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑑᑎᖏᑦ, 7, 8–9, 17

ᐊᑎᑦ, 5, 29, 48, 49, 51, 53, 57

ᐊᑎᒋᑦ, 28, 35

ᐊᒃᖢᓇᐅᔭᖅ, 9 ᐋᓪᒑᖕᑭᐅᐊᓐ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᐋᓪᒑᖕᑭᐅᐊᓐ ᐊᓄᓪᓚᒃᓰᕕᑦ, 55, 60

ᐋᓐᓂᐊᑦ, 48, 51, 54

ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ, 58

ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 5, 29, 60

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, 7, 8, 9, 13, 19, 20, 21, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 47

ᐊᓪᓚᑦ, 48, 56, 58

ᐊᓪᓚᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ, 56, 57, 58

ᐊᔭᕌᕐᓂᖅ, 29

ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 5 ᐊᕙᓗᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᐴᓗᑕᕐᓂᒃ, 36, 37 50, 52, 54, 55

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 33, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑦ, 59

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 7, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 40, 42, 46, 47, 48, 51

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᐃᑦ, 10, 13, 17, 29, 34

47, 50

ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐃᓪᓗ, 6, 9, 13, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55

ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐃᕈᑭᐊᑦ, 50 ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐊᑎᑲᓯᔅ, 52

ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐱᒡ ᐱᐊ, 55

ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐸᐅᓐᒪᐃᑲ, 55 ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᑖᓇᑰᓇ, 49 ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᒪᐃᑕᓇᐱ, 52 ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᒪᑮᓇ, 9, 50, 51 H

ᐋᓐᑕᓂ, 52 ᕼᐆᕐᓂ, ᓵᒥᐅᓪ, 52 ᕼᐅᑕᓄᓲᓂ, 4, 40, 41, 49 ᕼᐊᐃᐅᓪᑦᓱᒃ, 53 ᕼᐊᐃᐊᕗᐊᑕ, 39 ᕼᐊᓴᓛᒐ, 37, 49 ᐱ

ᐱᐅᑕᒃ, 48 ᐱᐅᕆᔅ, ᕼᐅᕐᓇᓐᑎᔅ, ᕼᐅᐊᓐ, 50 ᐱᐅᕆᖕ, ᕕᑕᔅ, 50 ᐱᐊᑦᔅ, ᑐᐊᓯ, 60 ᐱᑯᓂ, 22 ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓃᑦ, 4 ᐱᒥᑲᓐ, 15, 21, 33, 55 ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60

ᐱᖁᑎᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᑦ, 6, 10, 51, 53, 56

ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᒡᔪᐊᖅ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᓂᖅ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᒡᔪᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 36, 40, 42, 55

ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᕆᓯᒪᙱᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᓛᓯ, 42, 43

ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓄᑲᕇᑦ, 40 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 16, 22, 25, 29, 34, 41, 47 ᐳ

ᐳᐃᔨᑦ, 26

ᐳᐊᑦ ᒋᐅᕆ, 55 ᐴᒃᓴᓕᐊᑦ, 15, 17, 43. ᑕᑯᖕᒥᓗᒍ ᐴᕆᔭᑦ ᐳᑭᖅᑕᓖᑦ, 56, 57 ᐴᕆᔭᑦ, 31, 44, 45. ᑕᑯᓗᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐴᒃᓴᓕᐊᑦ

ᐹᑉᑯᐊᓐ, 40

ᐃᖃᓗᒃ, 11, 35

18, 19, 20–21, 22, 23, 55

50

ᑎ

ᑎᐅᓄᓐᑕᑎ, 38

ᑏᐲᑦ, 12, 18, 21, 22, 23

ᑎᑭᕌᑦ, 50, 54, 55

ᑎᒋᓇᐅᐃᑕ, 39

ᑎᒦᑦ, 58, 59

ᑐ

ᑐᐊᓐ, ᔪᓇᑕᓐ, 51

ᑐᐲᑦ, 12, 25, 26, 30, 33

ᑐᐱᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᔪᔅᓯᓪᓛᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᑲᓂᖅ, 34

ᑐᐸᒐᓐᔅ, 16, 33, 34, 41, 46

ᑐᒃᑐ, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35

ᑐᒃᑐᓐᓄᐊᓄᑦ ᓯᐅᑎᒃᑭᓄᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᑦ

ᓂᒐᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᑦ, 17

ᑐᒃᑐᕙᐃᑦ ᓂᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ, 45

ᑐᒫᓐᑦ, ᒐᐃᐳᕆᐅᓪ, 55

ᑐᓇᒃᓴ, 15, 16 ᑑᓐᑯᐃᓐ, 51

ᑕ

ᑕᑭᐊᓪ−ᓂ, 53

ᑕᓐᓂ−ᓵ 52

ᑕᓪᓗᐃᑦ, 16, 33, 34, 41

ᑕᕝᕚᑲ, 22, 23, 35, 40, 47

ᑦ

ᑦᓲ ᑏᓇ, 22

ᑦᓴᐃ ᑲ ᑎᐊᓇᐃ, 52

ᑭ

ᑭᐊᓪᓯ, ᕼᐊᐃᓐᓇᕆ, 52

ᑭᒋᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᑦ, 50

ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᒃᓵᑦ, 58

ᑮᓇᑉᐸᑦ, 6, 10, 40, 56

ᑮᓇᙳᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 40

ᑯ

ᑯᒃ, ᔭᐃᒻᔅ, 50, 53

ᑰᔾᔪᐊᕌᐱᖕᒥᒃ ᓯᒥᒃᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ

ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑦᑎᓐᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 58

ᑯᕇ, 58

ᑲ

ᑲᐃᓇᐃ, 22

ᑳᑦᑎᐊᐃ, ᔮᒃ, 37, 49

ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐊᒥᐊᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ, 62

ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ, 58, 61

ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂ, 58

ᑳᑎᓄᓪ, ᕼᐃᐅᕈᑦ, 58

ᑲᑎᕝᕕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ, 60

ᑳᐸᑦ, ᔮᓐ, 49

ᑲᓚᒻᐸᔅ, ᑯᕆᔅᑕᐳ, 48

ᑲᔪᒐ, 4, 38

ᑲᓅᑦ, 6, 7, 8, 16, 34, 41, 42, 44, 50, 52, 53

ᑲᓇᑕ, 49

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖕᒐᓂ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ

ᐃᐅᕋᑯᐊ, 36–41, 57

ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ, 39, 40

ᑮᓇᙳᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 40 ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᒡᔪᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 36, 40, 42

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 36, 40

41

36, 38, 39

39

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ 36, 37, 40

ᒪᐃᔅ ᐴᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᖏᑦ, 40

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 40

ᓚᑯᕌᔅ, 40

6-ᖑᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 38–39, 57

ᐃᒡᓗᑯᑖᑦ, 36, 37, 40

ᐃᓱᒪᑕᑦ, 38, 39

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᖏᑦ, 40, 41

ᓄᒃᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 41

ᓄᓇᓖᑦ, 36, 37

ᐅᐃᓐᑖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 38

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᖕᓇᖓᓂ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ

ᐊᓪᒑᖕᑯᐊᓐ, 42–47, 50

ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑦ, 45

ᖃᐅᖅᑎᒐᒃᓴᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᖅᑎᒐᕐᓗ, 43, 44–45

ᑲᓅᑦ, 42, 44

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ, 47

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, 47

ᐴᕆᔭᑦ ᓂᕐᕆᓯᓪᓗ 44, 45

ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 42, 45

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 42, 43, 46

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 47

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 43, 44, 45

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 42, 46, 47

ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦ, 47

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 47

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 43

ᐅᐃᒡᐅᐋᒻ, 43, 45

ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᕆᓯᒪᙱᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᓛᓯ, 42–43

ᑳᓪᑐ, ᕌᓐᒃ, 59

ᒐ

ᒐᓂᐊᖏᕼᐊᒐ 4, 38

ᒐᓛᑦᓯᑕᐅᓐ, ᔭᐃᒻᔅ, 56

ᒐᔭᓇᓴᒍᐊ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᓴᐃᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᒪᓕᒐᕐᔪᐊᖅ

ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᓂᖅ, 36, 38–39, 55, 56, 57, 60. ᑕᑯᓗᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᒐᕙᒪᖃᕐᓂᖅ

ᒥ

ᒥᑭᒋᐊᕐᓂᖅ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ

ᒥᒡᒫ, 4, 46, 49, 50

ᒥᖅᑯᓖᑦ, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55

ᒥᖅᑯᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 35, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55

ᒪ

ᒪᐃᑏ, 55, 58

ᒪᐃᑏ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ, 58

ᒪᐃᔅ ᐴᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᑉᐸᓖᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᖏᑦ, 40

ᒪᑭᐊᓐᓯ, \ ᐊᓕᒃᓵᓐᑕ, 52, 53

ᒪᒃᑖᓄᓪᑦ, ᔮᓐ ᐊ., 55

ᒪᔅᑯᐃᒻ, 53

ᓂ

ᓂᐅᑦᑐᕈ, 38

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 11, 16, 22, 35, 43

ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᑦ, 52

ᓂᔅᒐ’ᐊ 59, 60

ᓂᔅᒐ’ᐊ ᓕᓯᒻᔅ ᒐᕙᒪᖏᑦ, 60

ᓂᔾᔭᐅᓯᔭᐅᑎᑦ, 11

56.

ᓂᕐᕆᓯᑦ, 21, 45

ᓂᕿᒃᓴᓂ

7, 11, 17, 19, 24, 31, 33, 40, 42, 46, 51

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 43, 46, 51

ᓂᕿᑦ ᓱᕈᔾᔭᐃᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ, 7, 11, 15, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 33, 40, 46

ᓄ

ᓅᕼᐋᓪᒃ, 53

ᓅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ ᐃᓂᒋᓕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ, 54, 58

ᓄᒃᑕᐅᑎᑦ, 7, 16, 18, 20, 21, 28, 34, 41

ᓅ−ᑦᓵ−ᓄᓪᑦ, 5, 16, 50, 51

ᓄᐊᑦ ᐅᐃᔅᑦ ᑲᒻᐸᓂ, 52

ᓄᐊᔅ, 48

ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᑦ, 12

ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖅ, 24

ᓄᓇᑖᕋᓲᑎᓂᒃ

ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᒃᑯᑦ, 56, 58, 59

ᐱᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 54

ᒪᐃᑏ, 55

ᓄᓇᓕᑦ, 6, 12, 25, 36, 37, 49, 51

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ, 60

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 48

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ, 4–5

ᓄᕕᖅᓴᕐᓂᖅ, 7, 8, 9, 15

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ, 18–23, 57 ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᒥᐅᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 22

ᐸᕙᓗ, 18, 19, 20–21, 22, 23

ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᒋᔭᐅᓲᑦ

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ 18, 23

ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, 19, 20, 21

ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᐅᑉ ᓱᓗᖏᑦ, 23

ᓂᕿᖏᑦ, 19, 20, 21

ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᑦ, 22

ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 18, 20

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᖅ, 18, 19, 20

ᐅᒃᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, 23

ᓯᕿᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒧᒥᕐᓂᖅ, 23

ᑏᐲᑦ, 18, 22, 23

ᑕᕝᕚᑲ, 23

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 22

ᓄᒃᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 18

ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᖅ, 22

ᓇᐹᖅᑐᑭᑦᑐᒥᐅᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, 22

ᓇᐹᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᔅᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᓱᑲᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᖅ, 40, 43, 45

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓐᓂᖅᓯᐅᕐᓃᑦ, 6, 7, 10, 11, 18, 23, 25, 39, 40, 47, 51, 53, 56

ᓇᒃᑐᕋᓕᑦ, 23, 39, 50, 60

ᓇᔪᒐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓄᔪᑦ, 57, 58

ᓇᕈᔨᑦ, 48–54

ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᒐᕙᒪᖃᕐᓂᖅ, 56, 60

ᓯ

ᓯᒃᓯᑲ, 19, 22

ᓯᓂᑲ, 4, 38

ᓯᕿᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒧᒥᕐᓂᖅ, 23, 53, 57

ᓱ

ᓱᒋᐅᑎᑦ, 17, 20, 31 ᓲᕕᓄᖕ, 50

ᓱᕐᕙᓪᓛᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑦ, 11, 40 ᓱᖅᑲᖅ, 25, 26 ᓴ

ᓴᐃᒪᓂᐅᑉ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖓ, 39

ᓴᐃᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᔪᐊᖅ, 39 ᓴᐃᓕᔅ ᑕᐱᕇᖕᓂᖏᑦ, 54, 61 ᓴᐳᑎᑦ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐃᖃᓗᖕᓄᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᑎᑦ ᓵᒻᐸᓚᐃᓐ, ᓵᒥᐅᓪ ᑕ, 50

6, 7, 9, 11, 51

ᔅᑖᑕᑰᓇ, 49

17 ᔅᑳᑦ, ᑖᒪᔅ, 55

ᓚᐃᔅᑕ, 14, 15 ᓚᑯᕌᔅ, 40

58

ᔪᐊᔾ, 51, 53

ᑰᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖓ, 55 ᕆᐊᓪ, ᓗᐃ, 55

ᕿᑐᕐᖓᐅᔭᑦ, 22 ᕿᒫᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐸᕙᓗᓂᒃ

ᑲᑕᒐᖅᑐᑎᒃ, 20 ᕿᒻᒥᑦ, 28, 34 ᕿᒻᒥᕐᔪᐊᑦ, 20

ᕿᓚᒥᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦ, 27 ᕿᔪᑦ ᕿᑐᑦᑐᒐᐅᔭᑦ, 9 ᕿᔪᒃ ᖁᒡᓗᒋᐊᙳᐊᖅ, 47 ᕿᔪᖕᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, 6, 8

ᖁ

ᖁᓪᓗᐊᒐᑦ, 33, 34 ᖃ

ᖃᐅᖅᑎᒐᒃᓴᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑑᑎᖏᑦ, 44–45

ᖃᐅᖅᑎᒐᖅ, 31, 34, 43, 44, 45

ᖃᒧᑎᑦ, 21, 28, 29

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᙶᖅᑐᑦ, 5, 48–54

ᖃᔭᑦ, 27, 28, 29

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᖑᔪᒍᑦ.

ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᖅᐳᖅ

ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ