ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑐᖅ
Qinuisaarniq (“resiliency”) is a program created to educate Nunavummiut and all Canadians about the history and impacts of residential schools, policies of assimilation, and other colonial acts that affected the Canadian Arctic.
Published in Canada by Inhabit Education Books Inc. | www.inhabiteducation.com
Inhabit Education Books Inc. (Iqaluit) P.O. Box 2129, Iqaluit, Nunavut, X0A 1H0 (Toronto) 191 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 301, Toronto, Ontario, M4P 1K1
Design and layout copyright © 2020 Inhabit Education Books Inc.
Text copyright © 2020 Monica Ittusardjuat
Illustrations by Yong Ling Kang © 2020 Inhabit Education Books Inc.
Photos: © Library and Archives Canada/PA-045187, page 22 · © Library and Archives Canada/e006609850, page 23 · © Library and Archives Canada/PA-099426, page 23
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Printed in Canada.
ISBN: 978-1-77450-206-8
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᒫᓂᑲ ᐃᑦᑐᒃᓵᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᔮᖕ
ᓖᖕ ᑳᖕ
ᐊᑭᑕᒪᓐᓇᒥᒃ” ᒪᑐᐊᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑕ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑕ
ᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖅᖢᑕ, “ᐅᐊᑕᒪᓐᓇ, ᐊᑭᑕᒪᓐᓇ, ᐃᒡᓕᖅᑕᒪᓐᓇ, ᖃᕆᐊᖅᑕᒪᓐᓇ. ᐆᒻ....” ᐅᐃᔾᔮᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᖢᑕ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᓯᓇᓱᓕᖅᖢᑕ.
ᐱᙳᐊᖃᑎᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᕿᒫᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᓂᐱᖃᖅᑕᐃᓕᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᒪᑐᐊᖅᓯᒪᖔᓕᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓱᓇᐅᕝᕙ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᖃᕐᒪᐅᑉ ᑭᓱᑯᑦᑎᖏᑦᑕ
ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᖅᖢᑕ.
ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑳᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᓚᑦᑎᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓚᕗᑦ ᐅᖃᓪᓚᐅᔮᕐᔪᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓲᔾᔨᓚᐅᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᒐᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐅᖅᓴᑎᑦᑎᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓲᔾᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᑦᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑕ. ᖃᕐᒪᖃᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᑦᑕ ᐅᐊᑎᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂ,
ᐊᑭᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂ, ᐃᒡᓕᖅᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂ, ᖃᕆᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂᓗ. ᐱᙳᐊᓕᕌᖓᑦᑕ “ᐅᐊᑕᒪᓐᓇ,
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5
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖕᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᑎᑭᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᔨᖅᓯᕙᒃᖢᑕ ᓄᑕᕋᐅᖃᑎᕗᑦ ᐳᙵᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑭᓲᑉ ᖄᖓᓃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸᒃᖢᓂ ᐅᔭᐅᒪᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸᒃᖢᓂ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᑐᓄᐊᓂᐅᙱᑦᑐᕐᓗ. ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖅ ᐃᔨᖅᓯᖔᕆᐊᖃᓯᒋᓪᓗᓂ. ᓱᓇᐅᕝᕙᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᔾᔨᕈᓱᑦᑎᐊᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓕᕌᖓᑦᑕ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑐᓂ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᕆᐊᖃᓲᖑᖕᒥᒐᑦᑕ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓗ ᐊᐳᒻᒥ ᖃᐅᓪᓗᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᕐᓂᖅᐸᙱᒻᒥᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᔨᖅᓯᒪᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᐊᐃᓕᓴᖃᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᒥᒐᑦᑕ ᐃᒡᓗᑦᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓴᓂᕋᓕᒫᖏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓂᒃ ᓂᐱᑎᐅᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅᑕᖃᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐸᓚᐅᒑᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᖅᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᓂᐱᑎᐅᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ. ᐅᓐᓄᒃᑳᖓᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᖓᓕᕌᖓᑦᑕ “ᐊᖅᓵᕋᖅᑖᖅᐳᖓᒥᒃ” ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᑦᑕ ᐊᐃᓕᓴᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᓱᓇᐅᕝᕙ “H-ᕈᓗᖕᓂᒃ.” ᕿᓂᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᕐᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᖢᓂ ᕿᓂᕐᓇᖅᐸᖕᒪᑦ. 6
7
ᐃᓐᓇᖓᓕᕌᖓᑦᑕᑦᑕᐅᖅ “ᐃᓱᒪᕗᖔᒥᒃ” ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᒍᑦ. ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓲᕐᓗ, “ᐃᓱᒪᕗᖓ ᐃᔨᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ.” ᖃᑕᙳᑎᕗᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᔭᕌᖓᑕ ᓴᐱᓕᕌᖓᑕᐃᓛᒃ ᐅᖃᖅᐸᒃᖢᑕ. ᐱᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅᐸᒃᖢᑕ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᔪᖃᙱᑦᑕᕌᖓᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᔪᖃᕌᖓᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᕗᖔᖔᓕᖅᐸᒃᖢᓂ. ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖑᔭᖅᖢᑕ ᓯᓂᓕᔫᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᒍᑦ. ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓗ ᐃᓚᒌᓂᒃ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑎᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᑭᓪᓗᑕ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓲᕐᓗ, “ᐊᓈᓇ, ᐊᑖᑕ, ᐃᕐᓂᖅ, ᐸᓂᒃ, ᐃᕐᓂᖅ.” ᑭᓇᒃᑰᖕᒪᖔᑕ ᓇᓚᐅᑕᐅᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᑭᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓱᒪᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᓴᕈᓐᓇᖁᔭᐅᒧᑦ. ᐊᔭᕌᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᒪ ᑎᓴᒪᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᒃᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᖢᖓ ᐊᖓᔪᒐ ᐃᓅᔪᓐᓃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᓈᓇᒐ ᕿᒃᓵᖕᓂᕐᒦᒻᒪᒡᒎᖅ ᐸᐃᕆᔭᐅᕙᒃᖢᖓ. ᐊᔭᕌᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᔭᕋᐅᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕈᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᒋᓪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓖᑦ, ᐅᖃᓗᕋᐅᔭᕈᓐᓇᖅᖢᒋᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᓗᕋᐅᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ. ᓱᓇᐅᕝᕙ ᐊᒡᒐᒃᑲ ᐃᖃᕈᓐᓃᖅᓴᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᐅᔪᖓ ᒥᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᓛᕋᒪ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᕗᓪᓗ ᐳᐃᒍᖁᔭᐅᓇᑎᒃ. 8
9
ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᑦᑎᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ
ᐊᓐᓄᕋᔾᔨᐅᕌᓂᒃᑯᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓅᔭᖅᐳᑦ
ᐊᑖᑕᒪ ᐃᓅᔭᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖕᒫᖓ ᕿᔪᐊᕐᔪᖕᓂᒃ. ᐊᓈᓇᙳᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂ, ᐊᑖᑕᙳᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂᓗ, ᐸᓂᙳᐊᕐᒥᒡᓗ, ᐃᕐᓂᙳᐊᖓᓂᒡᓗ. ᐊᓈᓇᒪ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᙳᐊᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᒃᑑᑎᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂᖓ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑎᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔮᖓ ᐊᒪᐅᑎᙳᐊᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓈᓇᙳᐊᑉ ᖃᕐᓕᙳᐊᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ. ᓇᓗᓕᕌᖓᒪ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑕᕋ ᑎᒍᒐᒥᐅᒃ
ᐃᒪᓐᓈᖅᑐᖅᖢᓂᖓ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓲᑎᐊᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂᖓ
ᒥᖅᓱᓕᖅᑎᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔮᖓ. ᒥᖅᓱᑦᑎᐊᙱᓗᐊᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᐃᒍᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂᐅᒃ
ᐊᕐᓇᖃᑎᑯᓗᒐᓗ
ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓛᙳᐊᕋᑦᑕ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓄᑦ ᖃᓂᓛᓄᑦ. ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᖃᓂᓛᑦ ᓯᓚᖅᑲᑎᕗᑦ ᑕᒃᑭᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒡᓗᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᒪᓐᓇᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐱᙳᐊᓗᐊᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐅᕙᒃᖢᑕ. ᐱᓚᑦᑖᙳᐊᖅᖢᑕ ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. 10
11
ᐅᓯᙳᐊᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ
ᐊᒻᒪ ᓱᒃᑲᓕᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ.
ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ
ᕿᒧᒃᓯᙳᐊᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ
ᐊᖑᑎᑯᓗᐃᑦ
ᐃᔾᔪᐊᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ
ᑕᑯᕙᒃᑕᒥᓂᒃ.
ᕿᒻᒥᙳᐊᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓇᑦᑏᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᓅᕆᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᑖᑕᖏᓐᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
ᓴᕕᒃᑯᕕᙳᐊᖃᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᕕᙵᐅᑉ ᐊᒥᕋᑯᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᖑᕆᙳᐊᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᓱᑲᓴᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᑖᑕᑎᒃ ᐃᔾᔪᐊᖅᖢᓂᔾᔪᒃ ᓴᐅᒥᖕᒧᑦ ᓴᖑᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᒍᑎᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᖅ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᖕᒧᑦ
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13
ᓂᕐᔪᑎᑦ. ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᑐᕈᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᐅᓕᒃᐸᔾᔪᒃ
ᐃᓕᙵᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓗᒍ. ᑭᓱ ᓂᕐᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᒋᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ
ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᒋᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ
ᐊᖑᑎᑯᓗᐃᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓲᔾᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓯᓈᓂ ᓯᑯᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐅᖅᓴᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᖏᐊᕐᓇᕐᒪᖔᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᖏᐊᕐᓇᙱᒻᒪᖔᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᓈᕐᒧᑦ ᑑᒃᑲᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓇᐅᓕᒃᓯᒋᐅᖅᓴᑎᑕᐅᓂᐊᓕᕌᖓᒥᒡᓗ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓲᔾᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖕᒥᔪᑦ
ᑭᓱᑯᑦᑎᐊᒍᑦ ᑐᖁᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ
ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑦ
ᐆᒻᒪᑎᖅᑯᓐᓇᔭᕐᒪᖔᑦ, ᐊᕚᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ
ᐃᓚᐅᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᑎᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸᖅᑳᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᖢᑎᒡᓗ. ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᒃᖢᒍ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. 14
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ᐃᑦᑐᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐊᒃᑲᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦᑕᐅᖅ
ᓴᓇᔨᖏᓐᓄᐊᖅᓯᑎᑦᑎᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖕᒥᔪᑦ. ᕿᓯᖓᓗ ᐸᓂᖅᐸᑦ
ᓇᒧᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑐᓂᖕᒥᓗᒍ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᖁᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ
ᐊᖑᑦᑕᕌᖓᒥᒃ ᑐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐃᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑭᓯᕐᖔᖅᓯᙱᒃᑯᓂ
ᐊᖑᑦᑐᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᖕᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ.
ᐱᒋᐅᖅᑕᑯᓗᖏᑦ ᐅᐱᒋᔭᐅᕕᒡᔪᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᒪᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ. ᓲᕐᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕆᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᑭᓇᒧᒃᑭᐊᖅ ᐅᐱᒋᔭᒥᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐱᒃᑯᓕᖁᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᒪᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᑎᔭᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒡᓗ ᓴᐱᓕᕌᖓᑕ ᐊᔪᕐᓂᕋᕌᖓᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ
ᐊᔪᕐᓇᙱᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᐊᖑᑎᑯᓗᐃᓪᓗ
ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᒥ
ᓲᕐᓗ ᓇᑦᑎᕆᐅᕌᖓᑕ ᓂᕿᖓᓂᒃ ᓄᖑᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᒍ
ᐸᔪᒃᓯᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᐅᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ,
16
17
ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕗᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᖢᒍ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ, ᐅᐱᒋᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂᒡᓗ, ᐊᔾᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐱᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᓱᒃᐸᒃᖢᑕ ᐱᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑕ. ᐳᓚᕋᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᖢᑕ ᐃᓐᓇᖁᑎᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᓗᐊᕐᓗᒋᒡᒎᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᖁᔭᐅᔾᔮᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᕈᑦᑕ ᑕᑯᔭᖅᑐᖅᐸᒡᓗᒋᑦ. ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᒪᓕᕐᓂᕐᓗᑎᒃ
ᐃᑲᔪᖁᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᑦᑕ
18
ᐃᒥᖅᑕᖁᔭᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕋᑦᑕ, ᖁᕐᕕᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑯᕕᔭᖅᑐᖁᔭᐅᓗᓂ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᐃᒃᖠᕆᐊᖃᕈᒪ.
ᐃᓐᓇᖁᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐱᒋᓗᒋᑦ.
19
ᓄᓇᕘᓕᖅᑐᖅ), ᐊᑯᓪᓕᖅᐹᓄᑦ, ᑰᒡᔪᐊᕌᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᒫᓂᑑᕙᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪ St. Norbert, ᒫᓂᑑᕙᒧᑦ
ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓄᖏᓐᓄᑦ
ᐅᖃᐅᓯᓕᕆᔨᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ 2016−ᒥᑦ 2018−ᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓱᐃᔨᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ Inhabit Education−ᑯᓐᓂ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒃᑯᒥᒋᕙᐃᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ.
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᒫᓂᑲ ᐃᑦᑐᒃᓵᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᒥᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᔪᒐᕆᓂᐊᖅᑕᒥᓄᑦ 7-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᓱᖓᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᒪᑐᒍᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᓱᖓᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᖃᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᕐᓂᐊᖅᑕᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥ
ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᖕᒧᑦ, (ᒫᓐᓇ
ᖁᕙᓯᖕᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ.
ᒫᓂᑲ
ᐊᓂᒍᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒡᔪᐊᕐᒥ McGill University-ᒥᑦ 1987-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
University of Prince Edward Island-ᒥᑦ. ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᑖᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ, ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥᐅᓂ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᒥᑭᓛᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᖕᓂᖅᓴᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᒃᓴᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᓵᔨᒃᓴᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᖕᒥ. ᒫᓂᑲ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕈᓐᓃᕋᓱᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓐᓇᐅᓗᐊᕐᓂᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕆᐊᓕᒪᓗᐊᒧᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᕈᓐᓇᓚᐅᙱᒻᒪᑦ.
ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᖕᒥ, ᖁᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖅᑖᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ
22
ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎ ᔭᖕ ᓕᖕ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᐅᕗᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒃᓴᖅᖢᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒥ. ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᖅᓯᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᕐᔪᐊᖑᓗᐊᙱᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᕐᓂᒃ ᓄᑕᖅᑲᓪᓗ
ᑲᒪᒃᑲᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒃᓴᖅᖢᓂ. ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒃᓴᓕᓚᐅᕋᓱᒋᔪᖅ ᑕᕐᕆᔭᖃᑦᑕᓗᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ. ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᙵᐳᐊᒥ, ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᒫᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐆᓇᖅᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᐅᖃᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᓯᓕᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᓂᒃ. 23
ᖃᐅᔨᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᓵᖅᑕᕐᒥᓂᒃ
ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᓴᖅ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ, ᐱᒋᐊᖅᖢᓂ 1800 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦᑕ ᕿᑎᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᑎᑭᖦᖢᒍ 1990-ᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᑕᖅᑲᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑦᑕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ “ᐊᓪᓚᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ.” ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 1831-ᒥᓂᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖏᓐᓂ 1950-ᖏᓐᓂ. 1964-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᓕᖓᒃᐸᑕ ᓄᑕᖅᑲᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᔪᑦ, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ. ᕿᓄᐃᓵᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᒪᒧᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᖁᔨᒧᓪᓗ
ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ.
ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᐳᑦ, ᐱᑕᖃᕆᓪᓗᓂ
ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦ
ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ
ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ, ᓱᓕᔪᓂᒡᓗ
ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ,
ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕈᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᒃ, ᑕᑯᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᑎᑦ ᐅᕗᖓ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᖕᒧᑦ www.inhabiteducation.com. 24
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ
ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒡᓗ
ᐃᓕᑦᑎᕙᓚᐅᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᔾᔪᐊᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ
52095 9 781774 502068
$20.95 ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥ, ᒫᓂᑲ ᐃᑦᑐᒃᓵᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᕈᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᙱᔅᓱᖓᖅᖢᓂ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᕗᖅ ᓄᑕᖅᑲᑦ
ᐱᖃᑦᑖᓕᕌᖓᒥᒃ, ᑕᑯᕙᒃᑕᒥᓂᒡᓗ. ᕿᓄᐃᓵᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᒪᒧᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᖁᔨᒧᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ.
ISBN 978-1-77450-206-8
“ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑳᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᓚᑦᑎᓐᓂᑦ.”
