Botanicals Hortus Malabaricus Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein Indies Gallery Singapore

Botanicals from the East Indies, Year 1693

INDIES GALLERY

East Indies Botanical Prints Published over 300 years ago in Amsterdam A rare and decorative set of exotic plants and fruits labeled in Latin, Malayalam, Arabic, and Sanskrit. The twelve volume Hortus Malabaricus (Garden of Malabar) was published between 1678 and 1703 as a result of collaboration between the former governor of Malabar, local Ayuverdic doctors, physicians, botanists, translators and artisans from India and the Netherlands. It is the first comprehensive record of the plant wealth of India and the medicinal uses of those plants.

The publication of the twelve volumes of Hortus Malabaricus (Garden of Malabar) is believed to be the earliest comprehensive published work on the flora of Asia and the tropics. The volumes were published between 1678 and 1703 and was a product of the collaboration of the former governor of Malabar, Hendrik van Rheede, and a large number of Ayuverdic doctors, physicians, professors of medicine and botany, translators and artisans from India and the Netherlands. Originally written in Latin, the approximately 700 copper plate engravings include the names of the plants in four languages (Latin, Sanskrit, Arabic, and

Price Sold individual

Condition Cleaned and backed to acid free Japanese paper, for long term protection.

Dimensions 48 by 36 cm.

Very suitable for framing.

Publication Amsterdam, year 1693

The work is of great importance today as a rare record of the plant wealth of Kerala (India) and medicinal uses of those plants. Unlike many 17th century documents, the local contributors of this knowledge – the vaidyas (“healers”) Itty Achudan, Ranga Bhat, Appu Bhat, Vinayaka Pandit – do not remain unnamed, but instead have contributed sworn and signed statements of their collaboration. Indeed the ethno-medical information presented in this work was extracted from the palm leaf manuscripts of Achudan.

During the 16th century, the quality of the serious study of plants in Europe was given a huge impetus by Lucca Ghini’s invention of the ‘herbarium method’: the pressing of plants between two sheets of paper so that they could be preserved in dry form. Carolus Clusius, botanists and prefect of the Leiden Hortus botanicus, recognised the opportunity presented by the formation of the Dutch East Indies company (VOC) and recent advances in the preservations of plants to expand the plant collection of the Hortus and existing knowledge of the plant world. Apart from Clusius’ early influence, the VOC also had it in their interest to care for the health of their employees in the tropics. Recognizing the value of indigenous medicinal plants for the treatment of tropical diseases, more efforts were placed on collecting and documenting such information.

Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein (1636-1691) was botanist, naturalist, and a colonial administrator of the Dutch East India Company.

He also served as the governor of Dutch Malabar between 1669 and 1676. He employed 25 people to create the work and described 740 plants of the region.

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Coconut Fruits and Flower, set of 3 prints The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera), a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.

The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced

by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India combined.

Price - 6800 USD.

Malabar Tamarind or Garcinia gummi-gutta Garcinia gummi-gutta is a tropical species of Garcinia native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Common names include Garcinia cambogia (a former scientific name), as well as brindle berry, and Malabar tamarind. The fruit looks like a small pumpkin and is green to pale yellow in colour. Although it has received considerable media attention purporting its effects on weight loss, there are reports of liver toxicity associated with the Hydroxycut commercial preparation containing the fruit extract, with clinical evidence indicating it has no significant effect on weight loss. The fruit is known as uppage in Kannada language and it is traditionally used as a souring agent in the preparation of some curries.

Price - 1500 USD.

Sea Hibiscus or Hibiscus Tiliaceus Hibiscus tiliaceus is a species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is native to the Old World tropics.

Hibiscus tiliaceus is a common coastal plant in Eastern and Northern Australia, Oceania, Maldives, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. It is uncertain if the species is native to Hawaii, as it may have been introduced by the Polynesians. It has been used in a variety of applications, such as seacraft construction, firewood, and wood carvings. It is easy to plane and turns well, so it is regarded by many as a high quality furniture wood. Plant fibers taken from the stems have traditionally been used in rope making, while its bark has been used like cork, in sealing cracks in boats.

Price - 1500 USD.

Malay Apple or Jambu Bol Malay Apple, it is intentionally grown pantropical for its edible fruits, its use as an ornamental, shade tree or windbreak, and uses in traditional medicine. The combination of tree, flowers and fruit has been praised as the most beautiful of the genus Syzygium. The fruit is oblong-shaped and dark red in color, although some varieties have white or pink skins. The flesh is white and surrounds a large seed. Its taste is bland but refreshing. Jam is prepared by stewing the flesh with brown sugar and ginger.

Price - 1500 USD.

Rose Malay Apple or Syzygium Jambos Syzygium jambos is a species of rose apple originating in Southeast Asia and occurring widely elsewhere, having been introduced as an ornamental and fruit tree. Rich in vitamin C, the fruit can be eaten raw or used in various regional recipes. In South-East Asian countries, rose apple fruit is frequently served with spiced sugar. The wood is dense and accordingly is used as a source of charcoal. The tree is variously rich in tannins that are of some antimicrobial interest. Some parts of the tree are used in regional traditional medicine. It is the namesake of Lake Yambo, one of the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City, Laguna.

Price - 1500 USD.

Mountain Ebony or Bauhinia Variegata Bauhinia variegata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to an area from China through Southeast Asia to the Indian subcontinent. This is a very popular ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical climates, grown for its scented flowers and also used as a food item in Indian cuisine. In the Neotropics, it can be used to attract hummingbirds—such as sapphire-spangled emerald (Amazilia lactea), glittering-bellied emerald (Chlorostilbon lucidus), or white-throated hummingbird (Leucochloris albicollis)— into gardens and parks. It is widely cultivated in urban areas in northern and eastern Australia, particularly as a street tree, and readily escapes cultivation into waterways in Brisbane.

Price - 1380 USD.

Tamarind plant or Tamarindus indica Tamarindus indica has been cultivated for long on the Indian subcontinent that it is sometimes reported to be indigenous there. In the 16th century, it was introduced to Mexico and Central America, and to a lesser degree to South America, by Spanish and Portuguese colonists, to the degree that it became a staple ingredient in the region's cuisine. The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. Tamarind lumber is used to make furniture, carvings, turned objects such as mortars and pestles, chopping blocks, and other small specialty wood items. In homes and temples, especially in Buddhist Asian countries, the fruit pulp is used to polish brass shrine statues and lamps, and copper, brass, and bronze utensils.

Price - 1500 USD.

Mountain Ebony or Bauhinia Variegata Bauhinia variegata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to an area from China through Southeast Asia to the Indian subcontinent. This is a very popular ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical climates, grown for its scented flowers and also used as a food item in Indian cuisine. In the Neotropics, it can be used to attract hummingbirds—such as sapphire-spangled emerald (Amazilia lactea), glittering-bellied emerald (Chlorostilbon lucidus), or white-throated hummingbird (Leucochloris albicollis)— into gardens and parks. It is widely cultivated in urban areas in northern and eastern Australia, particularly as a street tree, and readily escapes cultivation into waterways in Brisbane.

Price - 1380 USD.

Tender Wild Jack or Pajanelia Pajanelia, sometimes known in English as tender wild jack, can be most commonly found within the deciduous and semi-evergreen mountainous rainforests of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. Pajanelia is used in parts of Malaysia, where it is commonly planted as stakes for hedges along with rice fields and is also planted as a support tree in pepper plantations. The timber is suitable for woodworking purposes, such as building doors, wall panelling, domestic flooring, veneer and plywood, due to it being very hard and close-grained. In conjunction with this, the wood has been used by the native Andamanese, who use the wood for house building, planking and canoe building.

Pajanelia also has been used within traditional south Asian medicine.

Price - 1380 USD.

Portia Tree, Indian Fruit or Thespesia Populnea Thespesia populnea, commonly known as the portia tree (/ˈpɔːrʃə/), Pacific rosewood, Indian tulip tree, or milo, among other names, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is a tree found commonly in villages of Tamil Nadu and on coasts around the world. However, the Portia tree is probably native only to the Old World tropics. It was introduced to the Pacific Islands from Island Southeast Asia by prehistoric Austronesian voyagers.

Price - 1380 USD.

Indian Trumpet Tree or Oroxylum Indicum Oroxylum indicum is a species of flowering plant belonging to the monotypic genus Oroxylum and the family Bignoniaceae, and is commonly called Indian trumpet tree, oroxylum, Indian trumpet flower, broken bones, Indian caper, scythe tree or tree of Damocles.

It can reach a height of 18 metres (59 ft). They form enormous seed pods – the fruits – are up to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long that hang down from bare branches, resembling swords. It is a plant with edible leaves, flower buds, pods and stems. The large young pods, known as Lin mai or Lin fa in Loei, are eaten especially in Thailand and Laos.

They are first grilled over charcoal fire and then the inner tender seeds are usually scraped and eaten along with lap.

Price - 1500 USD.

Sea Island Cotton or Gossypium Barbadense Gossypium Barbadense is one of several species of cotton. It has been cultivated since antiquity, but has been especially prized since a form with particularly long fibers was developed in the 1800s. Other names associated with this species include Sea Island, Egyptian, Pima, and extra-long staple (ELS) cotton. The species is a tropical, frost-sensitive perennial that produces yellow flowers and has black seeds. It grows as a bush or small tree and yields cotton with unusually long, silky fibers. It is now cultivated around the world, including China, Egypt, Sudan, India, Australia, Peru, Israel, the southwestern United States, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Price - 1380 USD.

Bodhi Tree or Ficus Religiosa Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. The sacred fig is considered to have a religious significance in three major religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Hindu and Jain ascetics consider the tree to be sacred and often meditate under them. This is the tree under which Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment. F. religiosa has a very long lifespan, in some of its native habitats, it has been reportedly found living for over 3,000 years.

Price - 1380 USD.

Fish Tail Palm or Caryota Urens Caryota urens is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, native to Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar and Malaysia where they grow in fields and rainforest clearings, it is regarded as introduced in Cambodia.

The epithet urens is Latin for "stinging" alluding to the chemicals in the fruit. Common names in English include solitary fishtail palm, kitul palm, toddy palm, wine palm, sago palm and jaggery palm. Easily identified by the 'fishtails' of its leaves, this palm is considered by Whitmore to be 'the only palm commonly found in secondary forest'.

In Singapore it is also commonly seen in the back mangroves.

Price - 1250 USD.

Indian Mulberry Fruit or Morinda citrifolia Morinda citrifolia is a fruit-bearing tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae.

Its native range extends across Southeast Asia and Australasia, and was spread across the Pacific by Polynesian sailors. The fresh fruit's strong, vomit-like odor has made it a famine food in most regions, but it remains a staple food among some cultures, and has been used in traditional medicine. In the consumer market, it has been introduced as a supplement in various formats, such as capsules, skin products, and juices. Among Austronesian peoples, noni was traditionally used primarily for the production of dyes. It was carried into the Pacific Islands as canoe plants by Austronesian voyagers. Morinda bark produces a brownish-purplish dye that may be used for making batik.

In Hawaii, yellowish dye is extracted from its roots to dye cloth.

Price - 1500 USD.

Champak or Magnolia Champaca tree Magnolia champaca, known in English as champak, is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae. It is known for its fragrant flowers, and its timber used in woodworking. Other vernacular names in English include joy perfume tree, yellow jade orchid tree and fragrant Himalayan champaca. The tree is native to the Indomalayan realm, consisting of South Asia, Southeast Asia−Indochina, and southern China. Magnolia champaca, however, is more rare and has a strong perfume, and is not that commonly or plentifully used - for example in hair it is worn singly or as a small corsage but rarely as a whole garland, and for bridal beds it is most often jasmine and roses while for bowls of water to be placed around rooms usually other, more colourful for visual decoration and less strongly perfumed flowers are used.

Price - 1500 USD.

White orchid-tree or Bauhinia Acuminata Bauhinia acuminata is a species of flowering shrub native to tropical southeastern Asia. Common names include dwarf white bauhinia, white orchid-tree and snowy orchid-tree. The exact native range is obscure due to extensive cultivation, but probably from Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Islands), and the Philippines. It is widely cultivated throughout the tropics as an ornamental plant. It may be found as an escape from cultivation in some areas, and has become naturalised on the Cape York Peninsula, Australia. It is also used in many culinary dishes of Odisha.

Price - 1350 USD.

Tropical Chestnut or Sterculia foetida Sterculia foetida is a soft wooded tree that can grow up to 35 metres.

Common names for the plant are the bastard poon tree, java olive tree and hazel sterculia. This is the type species of the genus Sterculia and both names mean bad-smelling: the name Sterculia comes from Sterquilinus, the Roman god of fertilizer or manure. The oil of Sterculia foetida has been found to be comparable to sunflower, soybean, and grapeseed oils for the use of biofuels. Evidence suggests that the seeds of Sterculia foetida are edible, but purgative, and should be roasted prior to eating.

Price - 1350 USD.

Red Cluster Fig or Ficus Racemosa Ficus racemosa, the cluster fig, red river fig or gular, is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. It is native to Australia and tropical Asia.

The fruits are commonly eaten as a vegetable after the seeds have been discarded, and made into stir-fries and curries. The fruits are a favourite staple of the common Indian macaque. It serves as a food plant for the caterpillars of the two-brand crow butterfly (Euploea sylvester) of northern Australia. In Hinduism, according to the Shatapatha Brahmana, the Audumbara tree was created from the force of Indra, the leader of the gods that came out of his flesh. In Buddhism, both the tree and the flower are referred to as the Audumbara.

Price - 1380 USD.

Spanish Cherry or Mimusops Elengi Mimusops elengi is a medium-sized evergreen tree found in tropical forests in South Asia, Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Its timber is valuable, the fruit is edible, and it is used in traditional medicine. As the trees give thick shade and flowers emit fragrance, it is a prized collection of gardens. Its flower is the provincial flower of Yala Province, Thailand, as well as the city flower of Ampang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds of Bakula are used in Ayurvedic medicine in which it is purported to be astringent, cooling, anthelmintic, tonic, and febrifuge. It is mainly used for dental ailments such as bleeding gums, pyorrhea, dental caries, and loose teeth. The flowers are sun dried and used to make floral infusions and as an addition to green tea in Thailand. The edible fruit is softly hairy becoming smooth, ovoid, bright red-orange when ripe.

Price - 1250 USD.

Indian Banyan Fig or Ficus benghalensis Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree native to the Indian Subcontinent. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage.

It also known as the "strangler fig" because it starts out as epiphyte, that is, leaning on another tree that it ends up suffocating.

Price - 850 USD.

Areca Nut Tree The areca nut is the seed of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and parts of east Africa. The term areca originated from the Malayalam word aṭaykka (അട ) and dates back to the 16th century when Dutch and Portuguese sailors took the nut from India to Europe. Consumption has many harmful effects on health and is carcinogenic to humans. Consumption by hundreds of millions of people worldwide – mainly with southern and eastern Asian origins – has been described as a "neglected global public health emergency".

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Price - 1380 USD.

Cinnamon Tree or Cinnamomum Verum Cinnamomum verum, called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree, is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family Lauraceae, native to Sri Lanka. Although the inner bark of several other Cinnamomum species is also used to make cinnamon, cinnamon from C. verum is considered by culinarians to be of superior quality. The outer bark is removed, and made into mulch. Twigs, leaves & berries (seeds) are crushed and make cinnamon oil, a less valuable byproduct. The inner bark of the branches is loosened by being rubbed with a brass rod, then split with a brass or stainless steel knife, and then peeled off, as intact as possible.

Price - 1500 USD.

Weeping Fig or Ficus Benjamina Ficus Benjamina, commonly known as weeping fig, benjamin fig or ficus tree, and often sold in stores as just ficus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to Asia and Australia. It is the official tree of Bangkok, and in its native range, its small fruit is favoured by some birds.

Price - 1250 USD.

Indian Golden Shower Tree or Cassia stula Cassia fistula is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It is a popular ornamental plant and is also used in herbal medicine. It is both the national tree and national flower of Thailand. It is the state flower of Kerala in India. It is the provincial flower of North Central Province in Sri Lanka. In India, flowers of the golden shower tree are eaten by people. The leaves have also been used to supplement the diets of cattle, sheep, and goats fed with low-quality forages. In Laos, its blooming flowers known locally as dok khoun are associated with the Lao New Year.

People use the flowers as offerings at the temple and also hang them in their homes for the New Year in belief that the flowers will bring happiness and good luck to the households.

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Price - 1500 USD.

Tellicherry Bark or Wrightia Antidysenterica Wrightia antidysenterica, the coral swirl or tellicherry bark, is a flowering plant in the genus Wrightia. It is a well branched shrub. In summer and autumn, white flowers appear on the tips of the branches in clusters. It has long been known in Indian Ayurvedic tradition. It is known in Sanskrit as kuṭaja or ambikā and in Sinhala it is called ව ඉ (wal idda). It is also known as "white angel" in the Philippines and in Thailand it is called " ด ชญา" (pudpitchaya). The juice of this plant is a potent ingredient for a mixture of wall plaster, according to the Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhāra, which is a Sanskrit treatise dealing with Śilpaśāstra (Hindu science of art and construction).

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Price - 1250 USD.

Vegetable Hummingbird or Sesbania Grandi ora Sesbania grandiflora, commonly known as the "vegetable hummingbird", West Indian pea, Jayanti, agati, or katurai, is a small tree in the genus Sesbania in the legume family. It has edible flowers and leaves commonly eaten in Southeast Asia and South Asia. It is native to Maritime Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei) to Northern Australia, and is cultivated in many parts of South India and Sri Lanka. It has many traditional uses. It grows where there is good soil and a hot, humid climate. The leaf extract may inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products. The leaf extract contains linolenic acid and aspartic acid, which were found to be the major compounds responsible for the anti-glycation potential of the leaf extract.

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Price - 1250 USD.

Wild Forest Mango or Spondias Pinnata Spondias pinnata also known as ambda or amra in India is a species of tree. This species, among several others, have sometimes been called the "wild (or forest) mango" in other languages and was once placed in the genus Mangifera. It is probably native to Malesia, the Philippines and Indochina. It has also been widely cultivated and naturalized in Bhutan, China (southern), India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

Ambda pickle is made using quartered Ambda fruits preserved in mustard oil, salt, and spices. Along with mango and chilli pepper pickle, it is the most common type of pickle found in households in many parts of India.

Price - 1450 USD.

Indian Gooseberry or Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthus emblica, also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, or amla, from the Sanskrit amalaki, is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. In the Buddhist tradition, half an amalaka fruit was the final gift to the Buddhist sangha by the great Indian emperor Ashoka. In Theravada Buddhism, this plant is said to have been used as the tree for achieving enlightenment, or Bodhi, by the twenty first Buddha, named Phussa Buddha. The amla fruit is eaten raw or cooked into various dishes, such as dal (a lentil preparation) and amle ka murabbah, a sweet dish made by soaking the berries in sugar syrup until they are candied.

Price - 1250

True Indigo Plant True indigo is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. Today most dye is synthetic, but natural dye from I. tinctoria is still available, marketed as natural coloring where it is known as tarum in Indonesia, nila in Malaysia and basma in Iran and areas of the former Soviet Union. Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. The leaves are soaked in water and fermented before being mixed with a strong base such as lye. Marco Polo (13th century) was the first European to report on the preparation of indigo in India. Indigo was quite often used in European easel painting, beginning in the Middle Ages. The plant is also widely grown as a soil-improving groundcover.

Price - 850 USD.

Many-Fruited Trevia or Trevia Nudi ora Many-fruited Trevia is a medium-sized deciduous tree. The plant is used for the removal of bile and phlegm. Leaves and their decoction are applied to swellings and in the healing of wounds and injuries. The bark is used for the treatment of enlarged thyroid. Decoction of the root is stomachic and alterative; used in flatulence, gout and rheumatism. Decoction of shoots is said to relieve flatulence and swellings.

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Price - 1150 USD.

Headache Tree or Premna Serratifolia Premna Serratifolia is a small tree/shrub in the family Lamiaceae. It flowers and fruits between May and November. During the flowering season, it attracts a large number of butterflies and bees. It mostly grows in moist sandy soil and scrubs jungles along seacoasts and mangrove forests. In the Philippines, particularly in Cebu Island, it is usually found in the interior, watery forests of Southern Cebu. The plant is extensively used in Indian traditional medicine. In Vietnam, the aromatic leaves of P. serratifolia are called lá cách, and are used to cook in some braise or stir fry dishes with chicken, eels or frogs.

Price - 1150 USD.

Poison Nut Tree or Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, also known as nux vomica, poison nut, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to Southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. True to its name, the Poison Nut Tree’s strychnine-laced seeds (nuts) are toxic. Even a single seed reveals its evil nature within minutes: racing heart, rapid breathing, convulsions, and muscular spasms with grotesque arching of the back and neck. (Contrary to the specific epithet, nux-vomica, nausea is rare.) Death almost always follows—through cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, or brain damage.

Price - 1380 USD.

Chinese Scholar Tree or Styphnolobium Japonicum Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott, the Japanese pagoda tree (Chinese scholar tree, pagoda tree; syn. Sophora japonica) is a species of tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The Guilty Chinese Scholartree was a historic pagoda tree in Beijing, from which the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, Chongzhen, hanged himself. S. japonicum (Chinese: 槐; pinyin: huái; formerly Sophora japonica) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. The flowers and leaves are sometimes used for teas, such as by families in Laoshan Village, Shandong Province, China. It counts as a variety of herbal tea. The wood is used to make the strong, springy curved "enju wood" handle used on the traditional Japanese woodworking adze, called the chouna. Pagoda wood is very hard after drying.

Price - 1380 USD.

Thorny Bamboo or Bambusa Bambos Bambusa bambos, the giant thorny bamboo, Indian thorny bamboo, spiny bamboo, or thorny bamboo, is a species of clumping bamboo native to southern Asia (India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Indochina). It is also naturalized in Seychelles, Central America, West Indies, Java, Malaysia, Maluku, and the Philippines. It is a tall, bright-green colored spiny bamboo species, which grows in thickets consisting of a large number of heavily branched, closely growing culms. It reaches a height of 10–35 m and grows naturally in the forests of the dry zones. They are extensively used in many applications, mainly for making bridges and for ladders. Leaves are used for thatching.

Price - 1250 USD.

Henna Tree or Lawsonia Spinosa Lawsonia Spinosa, also known as hina, the henna tree, the mignonette tree, and the Egyptian privet, is a flowering plant and one of the only two species of the genus Lawsonia. It is the source of the dye henna used to dye skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics including silk, wool and leather. Medicinal properties for the cure of renal lithiases, jaundice, wound healing; prevent skin inflammation. The bark is traditionally used in the treatment of jaundice and enlargement of the spleen, renal calculus, leprosy and obstinate skin diseases. The species is named after the Scottish physician Isaac Lawson.

Price - 1250 USD.

Chinese Herbal Tea or Microcos Paniculata Microcos Paniculata is a flowering shrub native to China and Southeast Asia including India. It's also included in Indian Ayurveda Medicines. It is sometimes added to Chinese herbal tea, having a mildly sour taste.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the plant is believed to help the digestive system, and it is also used for other health problems including colds, hepatitis, diarrhea, heatstroke, and dyspepsia.

Price - 1150 USD.

Yellow Bell Orchid Tree or Bauhinia Tomentosa Bauhinia tomentosa is found in India, Sri Lanka and Tropical Africa.

Bright yellow flowers with black to maroon coloured centres in summer. The fruits are pea like pods, slender and velvety. They are light green, turning a pale brown with age and are produced from January to June or even later. The genus Bauhinia honours brothers from the 16th century, Johann and Caspar Bauhin, both botanists and herbalists, the paired lobes of the leaves reflecting their relationship.

The wood is used to make rafters for huts and the dried leaves and flower buds, and the roots and bark are used in traditional medicine in Africa and India. Three other species of Bauhinia are also used medicinally for everything from coughs, convulsions and constipation to pneumonia and venereal diseases.

Price - 1380 USD.

Sand Paper Tree or Siamese Rough Bush The tree has a number of uses. It has been important in papermaking in Thailand for seven hundred years. It does not burn easily and it is resistant to yellowing and insect damage. In Vietnam traditional woodworking uses the coarse texture of the leaves as natural sandpaper. Various parts of the plant are used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as filariasis, leprosy, toothache, diarrhoea, and cancer. It has been used in the past as an oral hygiene product and for this reason it is also known as the toothbrush tree. A twig or stick about eight inches long with a frayed or mashed end to increase the cleaning surface was used as a tooth cleaning aid up until the middle of the twentieth century.

Price - 650 USD.

Wild Indigo or Tephrosia Purpurea Tephrosia purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, and is a common wasteland weed found throughout India and Sri Lanka in poor soils. The root powder is salutary for brushing the teeth, where it is said to quickly relieve dental pains and stop bleeding.

An extract, termed 'betaphroline' (not a systematic name) is claimed to promote release of endorphins, and finds use in certain cosmetic preparations. African shepherds use crushed plants to make an antidotal beverage for animals bitten by snakes. Tephrosia purpurea has been reported to provide fodder to animals such as goats. It also makes good green manure in fields.

Price - 850 USD.

Night Flowering Jasmine or Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nyctanthes arbor-tristis or Night Flowering Jasmine: Genus name Nyctanthes comes from the Greek word "nukto-anqoj", which means night-flower. Species name arbor-tristis means melancholy or sorrowful tree, hence the tree is sometimes called the "tree of sorrow". Flowers bloom profusely at night and lose their fragrance and colour as day approaches, and drop off in the morning. The flowers can be used as a source of yellow dye for clothing. It is popularly used as a garland for the dead. The leaves have been used in Ayurvedic medicine and Homoeopathy for sciatica, arthritis, and fevers, and as a laxative.

Price - 1250 USD.

White Teak, Kashmir Tree or Gmelina Arborea Gmelina arborea, locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae. Gmelina arborea grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. The Lion Throne, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from Gmelina arborea wood. 'Kumizh tree' when burnt yields the whitest possible ash; mention is made by certain 'rock art enthusiasts' that this ash is one of the ingredients in the semi-solid white ochre used to draw the very ancient 'cave paintings,' as old as 3,000 to 5,000 years or more; found in the dense forests of Tamil Nadu.

Price - 950 USD.

Nag Kuda Tree or Tabernaemontana Heyneana The name Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall has often been used for this species, and a proposal was made to conserve that name so that it would be used instead of T. alternifolia. Arguments made for conservation were that the type of the species was not a specimen but an illustration, and that the plant has opposite leaves, not alternate leaves as alternifolia implies. However, the proposal was rejected, and the correct name of this species is the original name, T. alternifolia.

Price - 950 USD.

Areca Palm Flower or Areca catechu Areca catechu is grown for its commercially important seed crop, the areca nut. The areca nut when chewed, are intoxicating and slightly addictive. Chewing areca (betel) nuts are popular throughout some Asian countries, such as China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Myanmar, and India and the Pacific Islands, notably Papua New Guinea. Areca nuts in Taiwan will usually contain artificial additives such as limestone powder. The areca palm is also used as an interior landscaping species. It is often used in large indoor areas such as malls and hotels. It will not fruit or reach full size if grown in this way. In India the dry, fallen leaves are collected and hot-pressed into disposable palm leaf plates and bowls.

Price - 1200 USD. (set of 2)

INDIES GALLERY We buy and sell antique maps, prints, books and photographs, dating from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. With over 25 years of experience in collecting and trading, our total inventory includes over 8000 authentic antiques. Whether you're an experienced collector or a first-time buyer, we offer an extensive collection in all price ranges.

Apart from private collectors, our clients include institutions such as the National Museum of Singapore, National Library of Singapore, National Library of Australia, The Louvre Abu Dhabi, University of Leiden, and many others.

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Indies Gallery, Original Antique Maps, Prints and Books INDIES GALLERY

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Botanicals from the East Indies, Year 1693

INDIES GALLERY