A Level Design and Technology project portfolio

Portfolio

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY A2 LEVEL PORTFOLIO

Brief recap

I plan to design and make a sales unit for fruits and vegetables to take account of stability and robustness with hygienic considerations in mind.

Client Needs recap Situation recap

•The decline in job opportunities in Zimbabwe has resulted in many searching for other entities of income. The majority so it fit to start buying and selling. In areas like Mbare Musika and the central business district in Harare, this is usually done. Typically, these environments are overcrowded & unhygienic. My client is an aunt to me. She sells fruits and vegetables on the go, but as she sells in various locations, she struggles with storage space. At the back of her honda-fit car, she manly scatters her goods. Often when she opens her boot to show her customer what she's offering, circular fruits roll over. From time to time, she sells in mbare musika, which is a place full of pollutants, as a result of which many people usually get sick when they buy food there and not absolutely clean it.

• My client would like hygiene elements as some of her clients consume her goods right after buying. When clients are choosing the fruits and vegetables to buy they touch some fruits that they will letter on not buy, hence the need for hygienic elements. My aunt also needs a place to store plastic bags which she uses to package purchased goods.

Product Development

Mockup Analysis

Due to the limited amount of options available when utilizing card board, I had difficulty deciding on the best way to attach the pieces of my unit. I ended up using masking tape because it was the best option I had. However, after spray painting, it began to dislodge on its own.

The holes I ended up drilling were too big for a speaker opening.

The spray paint I used looked different on the masking tape than it did on the cardboard. This messed up the flawless finish I was going for.

I tried using a paper cut stencil to guide my spray paint of the word Harvest.

My doors didn't opened as i had hoped. I found it hard making a hinge system for the type of doors i had maid. Some of the tape started discoloring and detaching from the unit

My mockup didn't have a back cover. This would have resulted in some cold air to escape intern making the fruits go bad quicker.

The Harvest text was too big therefore I failed to fit the enter intended text. 'Golden Harvest"

My mockup had no side cover which can result in cold air escaping intern making the fruits go bad faster.

The color I used was eyecatching therefore having the trait i was aiming for.

My main component started separating from the boot component after a while.

The boot shape of a Honda fit was challenging to replicate. This resulted in me using hexagon to mimic the shape.

Time Planing

Mockup Analysis

Research

3D software

Development Ideas

Chosen solution

Trialing and Testing

Product realization

Evaluation

Analysis Table: Problem & Intended Solution

Problem

Hinge system (page 03)

drawer system (page 04)

materials (page 05)

Joining method used (page 05)

Logo stencil

Drilling bit size

Boot shape (page 06)

Intended solution

Research into different hinge systems

redesign drawers and shelves

Research into final material through testing and evaluation

research into different joining methods

Make lettering on cardboard sheet.

redesign speaker opening

use more precise measurements of the boot

Research: hinge systems (Final is on page 9)

Hinge 3

Right Hand Pivot Hinge With Holes, Surface Mounting, Aluminum Finish

Central Rotation Shaft

Door Accessory Stainless Steel Pivot Hinge

2 Sets Stainless Steel 360 Degree Rotating Door Pivot Hinge 100mm x 16mm

Hinge 4

Overlay Door Pivot Hinge

Research: Drawers (final is on page 11)

Drawer type Images

Drawer type Images

Wooden drawer with glass front.

Plastic drawer

Wooden drawer with glass drawers.

Plastic drawer

Wooden drawer.

Plastic drawer

Wooden drawer.

Plastic drawer

Research: materials, joining methods, machinery & prices (page 14)

Material Joining methods

2mm thick Plywood

It's totally fine to use mortise-and-tenon or dovetails when a project calls for it. But for most projects, you just need joinery that's strong and simple. The four best methods for joining wood together are pocket screws, dowels, biscuits and the Beadlock system.

Teak 5mm thick

Correx boards

Some of the more popular methods of joining plastics together include solvent bonding, vibration welding, and induction welding. Another way to join plastic components together is by simple mechanical fastening.

5mm thick PVC sheet

Glass

Loctite Glass Glue is the only patented super glue specially formulated for bonding glass. The unique butyl formula provides a lasting bond that regular super glue can't. It bonds glass to glass and glass to other materials.

Tools Pricing (Halsteds Zimbabwe)

Hand saw Jig saw

Crafts Knife

$23,00

$75,34 $13,89 $45,99 $33,99

development with a Honda fit boot

Taking measurements

Final design

Honda Skeleton

Design Development: Sketches

DEVELOPMENT IDEA 1 DEVELOPMENT IDEA 2

Pros

Idea 1 is a seamless and unique design. It takes account of both functionality and aesthetically pleasing design. The design mainly consist of polypropylene plastic, apart from the speaker opening on the top left corner. Transparent sliding door and transparent drawers which are shown are made from transparent polypropylene sheets. This makes it possible for customers to see whats inside and being sold meanwhile also trapping the cold air inside the unit.

Idea 2 is a seamless and robust design. It has a larger spear space that can accommodate a bigger speaker resulting in a louder and clear performing speaker. Idea 2 has 4 drawers as compared to 3 drawers present on idea 1 which can be used as extra storage. Idea 2 is made from teak wood which is a durable and robust material & glass.

Cons

- Idea 1 has a smaller upper portion of the design which will result in a smaller font for the words Golden Harvest. This will reduce the visibility from a desistance of the words.

- Plastic is prone to scratching over time. This will be more visible on transparent plastics. This disadvantages the time the unit has before damaging with basic use.

-Idea 2 design looks clattered which takes away from the seamless aesthetic. The drawers are not eyecatching or unique. They are simply rectangle drawers.

-This design doesn't address the issue of cold air possibly escaping from the unit. It doesn't contain side and front paneling to block the cold air.

Hygiene Factors Development

Hygiene is an important factor to consider especially for the type of environments the unit will be operating. Hygiene was a factor that my design brief and client stated.My mockup did not really address the hygiene issues likely to be faced i these environments. I have discovered upon visiting Mbare Musika that there is a lop of dust and land pollution. Therefore the need for the fruits and vegetables to be consistently covered and regularly washed is mandatory. I also noticed that as consumers are purchasing the browse through a number of fruits and vegetables with their hands before picking the one they want to buy. This increases the chances of disease spread. Therefore I made a consideration to my client to package her goods possibly in clear plastic to avoid direct contact with the fruits. The presence of a washing station or sanitizer is also mandatory especially in these time of covid 19.

Who

• Any health-care worker, caregiver or person involved in direct or indirect patient care needs to be concerned about hand hygiene and should be able to perform it correctly and at the right time.

Why

• Thousands of people die every day around the world from infections acquired while receiving health care.

How?

• Clean your hands by rubbing them with an alcohol-based formulation, as the preferred mean for routine hygienic hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled. It is faster, more effective, and better tolerated by your hands than washing with soap and water.

I have decided to convert one of the drawers of any of the design ideas I end up picking, to a storage compartment for sanitizers and water. The design simply will have a division in the middle to divide the drawer into two sections. It will also have cup holders to support the sanitizers and water bottles. The drawer can also be used to store additional stuff such as face masks, gloves & bandaids incase of any injuries. The compartment can be used to also store a first aid kit. I can also add a black board that will encourage people to keep clean.

• Hands are the main pathways of germ transmission during health care.

• Hand hygiene is therefore the most important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs and prevent health care-associated infections.

• Wash your hands with soap and water when hands are visibly dirty or visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids or after using the toilet.

• If exposure to potential spore-forming pathogens is strongly suspected or proven, including outbreaks of Clostridium dificile, hand washing with soap and water is the preferred means.

Rail for the wheel. This enables the drawer to move up & down.

Hinge (pivot mechanism)

The original design had an ineffective hinge design. The hinge is supposed to be able to make the shelves slightly tilt and move in a linear motion.These sketches showcases a new system that i sketched. This design combines rotary motion in a rail and linear motion to satisfy the design specification.

I can use a compass to mark out the circles to guide cutting and drilling. I can use a serrated fine-toothed saw to cut the polypropylene sheets into the desired shapes. I will need to clamp the sheets first to enable a safer and accurate cutting space. Clamps will hold the sheets firmly in place which will eliminate movement when cutting.

I can flame polish the edges after cutting to smoothen out the edges and create a more appealing end result.

For safety I need to wear gloves, protective glasses and a dust coat. I will also need supervision from my teacher.

gripping point when pulling the shelf back and forth and when tilting the shelf.

Shelf design

With this design i had to consider joining methods for the frame corners. The method i pick had to be easy to make, durable and require little future attendance. I researched into a number of joining methods. I ended up picking the Rabbet joining as it satis f ies my specifications.

The shelves have holes to let cold air from the top to pass and cool the fruits. This will maintain the freshness of the fruits for longer outdoors. The shelf sketch also now has a border to satisfy the design objective of preventing fruits from falling over.

When drilling the holes i need to wear gloves, and a work suit. The holes can be drilled using different sized drill bits at random locations. However i need to clamp the wood sheet to allow stability when cutting to avoid shifting.

This part connects to the hinge to enable the motions to take place.

Idea

1 & 2 parts analysis

Drawer design

polypropylene drawer design.

A translucent drawer will add to the quality of the way the unit looks. It will be an eye-catching addition. Rounded and gripped handle for the side drawers. The rounded shape makes room for a better and more comfortable grip for the use. It keeps in mind the anthropometrics of a human hand.

I can rubber coat the handle using eco rubber spray to add texture to the handle. AN alternative would to put a fabric sleeve on the handle.

Glass & teak design

Rounded and gripped handle for the side drawers. The rounded shape makes room for a better and more comfortable grip for the use. It keeps in mind the anthropometrics of a human hand.

A dust coat, gloves and googols will add extra protection.

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 1

Finale Design

Drawer (1)

Drawer (2)

Drawer (3)

Chalk board

Sliding door

Material Development

There are four potential materials i can use for my unit. I can use pine wood or plastic (polypropylene or polycarbonate) or glass

Housing Frame

Pine wood

- Cheap

-Easy to work with

-Light in weight

Transparent components

Glass

-Weather resistant

-Aesthetically pleasing

-nonporous and impermeable

I will be using polypropylene as it is cheap, light weight and easy to machine. Polypropylene comes in different colors which gives flexibility and avoids the addition of the need for painting or oiling. Polypropylene also has transparent states with will be usefully for satisfying my drawer design. I also use wood as it is more stable and firm. Wood looks more premium compared to plastic.

Polycarbonate

- Moisture resistance

- East to clean

-Light weight

polypropylene

-Cheap

-Light in weight

-Good fatigue resistance.

Polycarbonate

- Easy to cut & shape

- East to clean

-Cheap

Pine

polypropylene

-Easy to machine

-Light in weight

-Good fatigue resistance.

Polycarbonate

polypropylene

Glass

Cooling system development

The cooling system is intended to be simple, long-lasting, and inexpensive. Inside, a solar-powered fan is installed with the blades facing down. Ice bottles will be placed beneath the fan. Salting the ice will help it last longer, according to https://www.curbly.com/simple-trick-make-ice-in-ice-chest-last-longer. Cold air will circulate within my unit thanks to the holes and apertures found throughout my design. By reducing the temperature, this will help the fruits and vegetables last longer. By keeping the cold air from escaping, the sliding door will effectively trap it inside the unit.

Illustration of system:

Cooling system

Shelf design and side paneling

Air direction

Conventional knowledge has it that warm air rises while cold air sinks. Therefore by placing the cooling system on top will result in an effortless fall of the cold air.

Chalk board and Logo development

My Aunt registered her business with a new name. "Fresh Picks." Therefore her logo needs to be changed. The Logo will be present on the chalk board together with the menu. For a fresh look I will be using green as the main color for the logo. According to 99designs Green symbolizes health, new beginnings and wealth. Green is the easiest on the eyes and should be used to relax and create balance in a design. It is a great color to use if a company wants to depict growth, security or inspire possibility. Green can also feel calming and relaxing.

CHALK BOARD INFORMATION RESEARCH IDEAS.

This logo is straightforward and contemporary. It creates a fresh and healthy atmosphere. My client will be able to establish a brand identity with the help of a logo. The logo can be created using green and white chalk. Because of its uniqueness, this will attract customers. My client's business will benefit from branding. A logo will allow the company to establish a brand identity. When I showed my client the logo, she was absolutely delighted with the concept.

Mood board

Trialing & testing

firstly I used 2mm plywood. Even tho it was easy to cut, it was rigid. I needed a more firm material. I cut the front piece with a jig saw and held the material down with clamps. I wore a work suit and mask for safety and protection from the saw dust.

When I tried nailing the side piece to the front I was met with dificulty. The nails that I had where too long which resulted in me using a thicker piece of wood as a catalyst. However it kept on splitting as shown in Fig 1.2

When i was cutting i had an unfortunate incident. The blade on the jig saw fell off. This made me to be more alert incase of any merger incidents. I need to include gloves and gaggles to my safety precautions.

Fig 1.1

Fig 1.2

Tools used: Jig saw, meter ruler, 3 clamps, nails, hammer, pencil, cutting desks and t-square.

Anthropometrics & Ergonomics

Ergonomics can roughly be defined as the study of people in their working environment. More specifically, an ergonomist designs or modifies the work to fit the worker, not the other way around. The goal is to eliminate discomfort and risk of injury due to work. Anthropometrics is the comparative study of the measurements and capabilities of the human body. It derives from the Greek words 'anthropos' (meaning human), and 'metron' (meaning measure).

A person in a wheelchair should be able to view the products being sold. This results in the unit needing glass for the drawers as people on wheel chairs are limited from reaching the drawers and opening them to check what will be inside. Therefore my design needs to account for this challenge.

I research on average sizes of customers my aunt is likely to encounter. This helps with the development of my chosen idea. My design should be easy to use for adults. Children and other customers that fit the children average heights can be assisted by my aunt when selecting and packaging the fruits and vegetables. Disabled people are large minority groups, starved of services and mostly ignored by society, live in isolation, segregation, poverty, charity and even pity. Disability includes blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, loco motor disability, mental retardation and mental illness. These people are likely to need assistance from my aunt. This will help my aunt generate positive public relationships as she will consider all people from all walks of life. Here business can also be positively impacted as she will be addressing her CSR (Corporate social responsibility).

People with diverse disabilities, such as the deaf, blind, and lame, are accommodated by my unit. The unit's speaker plays prerecorded audio that describes what's available for purchase and their costs. The speaker connects through Bluetooth. The text on the chalkboard indicates what is available.

Parts List

Production Plan

Task Materials

Cut front and back pieces

720* 1030 5mm thick Plywood

Tools Health & Safety

Jig saw, meter ruler and pencil. work suit

Cut inside paneling

730*730 5mm thick plywood

Jig saw, meter ruler and pencil. work suit

Drilling wholes on side paneling.

Drill and different drill bits. work suit and gloves

Join the three pieces. 10mm*50mm plywood

hammer, nails and hand saw. work suit and gloves

cut top and bottom pieces. 730*730 correx board

Join top and bottom pieces..

Cut side pieces *2 320*730 correx board

craft knife, meter ruler and pencil. work suit

hammer, nails and hand saw. work suit and gloves

Cut side pieces *2

460*730 correx board

craft knife, meter ruler and pencil. work suit and gloves

craft knife, meter ruler and pencil. work suit and gloves

Production Plan

Task Materials Tools Health & Safety

Cutting shelf piece

Drilling wholes on shelf piece

515*240 correx board

craft knife, meter ruler and pencil. work suit

Drill and different drill bits. work suit and gloves

Making hinge

correx board

craft knife, meter ruler and pencil.

work suit

Joining shelf piece to unit

making sliding door system Plywood board

hammer, nails and hand saw. work suit and gloves

Jig saw, meter ruler and pencil.

work suit and gloves

Painting. newspaper

Spray paint dust coat and gloves

writing menu Chalk work suit and gloves

13-08-2021

Sales Unit for fruits and Vegetables.

Client: ------

Designed in Sketch up Web.

Exploded view (page 13)

Front view (page 12)

Name: Blessing Jojo

DNG: 1

Health and Safety Precautions

BE PATIENT, NEVER RUN IN THE WORK SHOP

SPRAY PAINT IN A WELL VANTILATED PLACE OR AREA

DO NOT EAT, DRINK OR CONSUME ANYTHING IN THE WORK-SHOP

AVOID THE SHARING AND PASSING ON OF BLADES AND ANY SHARP OBJECTS

WAIT FOR GUIDANCE AND TEACHER'S SUPERVISION WHEN HANDLING MACHINERY AND TOOLS

KEEP A FIRST AID KIT CLOSE BY, INCASE OF AN EMERGENCY

Manufacturing Summary

Nailing

Glueing

cutting joints

cutting

Measuring car boot

I ended up using 5mm thick plywood for my final frame. I did use both wood and correx board (polypatherene plastic). I bought shorter nails to fix the problem I had faced during my trial and testing with the 2mm plywood sheet. These type of nails ended up working perfectly. I also aded wood glue to the joints to further strengthen the unite. After it dried the unit was fairly firm and stable.

Tools used included: A hand saw, jig saw, drill, grinder, clamps, pencil, a meter ruler, t-square and a craft knife.

For safety, I wore a lab coat, work suit, gloves, mask, shoes, long trousers and gaggles.

Challenges faced included: failure to access certain materials such as transparent polypatherene, limitation of available spray paints in areas that where not restricted due to covid 19. I ended up painting my unit red instead of the intended orange.

compromises: Sliding door, drawers, hinge and shelf.

Reason: limited availability of materials and machinery and time.

Cutting openings for sliding door and drawers.

exterior components.

Cutting openings for sliding door and drawers.

Manufacturing Steps

Cutting (3)

Product (after spray painting)

Ways of inserting the unit inside a Honda fit

The unit can be places in the car the same way large cakes or cofins are places in cars. Through carrying using man power or pushing using a trolly.

The unit can be place on a base to keep it in line with the boot opening. The base needs to be able to hold the weight of the unit at full capacity.

Car boot Carrying stand

base to hold unit

Car boot

The boot needs to be carried carefully and slowly. Frequent inserting and removing can cause the unite to be damaged quickly. Therefore I will have to inform my client to only do this when she really needs to once in a while. The unit also needs to be cleaned with agents suitable for the materials used.

There are various was of cleaning wood, however not all methods are sustainable. The easiest method my client can use is using a damp cloth with dish washing liquid and water. The plastic can be cleaned the same way.

Testing and Evaluation

Evaluations against the specifications.

My unit does use cheap and easily accessible materials in Zimbabwe. Regarding to cost my unit meets the specifications.

My unit does meet this requirement.

Materials used are easy to clean and meet the specification.

My unit meets this requirement.

The sanitation drawer can be used for this.

Specifications

Should be cost effective and affordable to low income individuals. Use accessible materials .

Should be fixed at the boot of the car securely. Materials should be durable and robust. Easy to clean

Easy access of products and other components of the finale product.

Target audience are people aged between 26-40 Should blend with the type of environment designed for. Store fruits and vegetables and store packaging bags. Should have hygiene factors. aged wood feel.

Further development

Possible modification and improvements.

Putting more thought to the design of my unit I noticed how In the dark it is basically unusable. In Mbare there is very little to no street lighting. Its all peach black in the evening. Hence the need for lighting for my unit. This will enable usability in the dark, in various intended locations. The design could also accommodate the seller more by having maybe a power bank and a shade. The shade could be made in a way to bring the traditional market place aesthetic.

Further development

Expansion of the basic concept of my unit.

My concept of a selling unit has infinite possible use cases. The basic concept can be redesigned to meet other car specification. The unit can also be used in dumped or broken down cars. This type of vehicles are not foreign in Mbare musika. The unit can also be used outside a car boot. Therefore I think the design idea for my unit is a great one. It has high market potential. I asked my Client and other vendors in mbare and Harare central business district where they think the unit will be most useful. The results are as shown on the pie chart.

Name Selling Area Thoughts

The unit is a great concept I would find it useful.

The design turned out better than I could have ever imagined I wish the concept accommodated other things like clothes and electronics. A creative design however would have wanted a more secure instalation.

Clients evaluation