Dreer Award Presentation - Vetiver

Frederick Dreer : Travel Award The vetiver system around the world 6 months of research abroad October 2010 - April 2001 I Maria Calderon

guatemala

CHILE

indonesia

Guatemala, Lake Amatitlan Green Movement Against Green water

Guatemala, Lake Amatitlan Watershed 281km2

Green Movement Against Green Water Cornell Honors Thesis May 2010

source: AMSA

PROBLEM: Dentritic gullies which

were once riparian corridors delivering fresh water to Lake Amatitlan are now barren as people encroach this delicate ecosystem causing tremendous erosion and dumping their waste into the rivers.

source: AMSA

Guatemala, Orthodox Monastery Pontoons to lter Tilapia sh ponds

2005

2008

Dreer Travels

Grey Infrastructure vs The Vetiver System

http://www.bhavikpatelunlimited.com

photo-Paul Truong

Vetiver Origins and Characteristics Chrysopogon zizanioides

Southern India - essential oils Tall grass with varying height from 0.5 to 3.0 m tall Pioneer species Dense root system without rhizomes, can grow up to 3.6 m deep in a year “A Living Soil Nail” – Average tensile strength of 1/6 of mild steel Flowers are sterile and plant is therefore non-invasive Tolerance: High concentrations of nutrients (N and P), heavy metals; acidic, alkaline, or saline soils; Herbicides & plagues; Fires Temperature range -15o to 60oC (5o to 140o F), Complete saturation or drought(xerophyte & Hydrophyte thanks to aerenchyma development) Intolerance: Shade, Complete flooding of foliage for an extended period of time, Animal grazing (rabbits) When used in civil works its cost is about 1/20th the cost of the traditional grey infrastructure.

venezuela

venezuela

Australia Aus Aust Au sttrra a alilia lilia

Ecopark [your name here] 43 hectares =108 acres potentially service 219,600 people

Constructed wetlands for polishing wastewater Australia, Incitec- Pontoons for absorbing N + P Australia, Gelita- Horizontal flow Reedbeds and irrigated fields Australia, Toogooloowah- subsurface flow fields Australia, Loganholme- Macrophyte screening for sludge drying beds Indonesia, Java - Citarum river septic tank

Slope stabilization Flood and erosion control Landscape architecture Poverty Alleviation

SLUDGE

Macrophyte Screening for a Stand alone biological Treatment plant for residential Septage

Raw Septage

Screen Holding Tank

Purified Water Tank

Discharge

Geobag

Reed bed 3

Drying bed 2

Reed bed 2

Reed bed 1

Drying bed 1

Which macrophyte works best?

Conventional sludge drying bed

56 binsbins used of 56wheelie wheelie 6screening species (+old Vetiver) Macrophytes be used in sludge 1to control X 4 replicates 1drying trial X 4bed replicates

Construction process

Trial to test N + P removal of different species

Three Horizontal Sub-surface flow reedbeds - PILOT SCALE for treating wastewater from a gelatin factory Glita Australia

Total N removal 49%

Construction phase. amanda butler

Healthy Vetiver in Summer 2008 with outlet pipes on right. paul truong

Abandoned horizontal flow reed beds with Vetiver grass brown after winter. paul truong

Pontoons

For nutrient absorbtion Incitec fertilizer Factory, Australia

$$$!

Subsurface ow wetland

Citarum River - Java, Indonesia

http://www.nosoloviajeros.com/ citarum-river-indonesia-el-rio-mas-contaminado-del-mundo/

initial planting

2 months after planting

SOLUTION:

Constructed wetlands for polishing wastewater Slope stabilization Chile conference- SWAT stabilization Indonesia, Bali- soild buildup in farmland Chile conference Colombia- eco mortar Australia, Brisbane floods Powerlink- Stabilizing an electricity tower Indonesia, Bali-Road works in volcanic soils

Flood and erosion control Landscape architecture Poverty alleviation

Bioengineering Principles for planting on slopes

Soil buildup SCRAPED BATTER AND SEDIMENT CARRIED BY RUNOFF IS TRAPPED BY VETIVER HEDGES, WHICH BUILDS UP THE TERRACE HEIGHT

15-25cm

SOIL BUILDUP

FORCE

April 2009

March 2011

3 months later

Farmland in Citarum River Basin - Java, Indonesia

Coal mining rehabilitation East Bali Poverty Project - Consulting Services

SWAT stabilization Oswaldo Luque Venezuela

Ecomortar

Pinto Peanut + Vetiver + Ecomortar provide a a light, envronmentally friendly and hygrospoc retegreen retention wall Colombia

Powerlink - save the tower!

Scouring caused during the Brisbane floods

flood level

original slope

planting completed

After 1 month始s growth

Constructed wetlands for polishing wastewater Slope stabilization Flood and erosion control Australia, Laidley- dissipating flash floods at drainage channels Australia, Loganholme Motorway- Pioneer plant for inhospitable alluvial soils

Landscape architecture Poverty alleviation

Flash Flood control

Vetiver Hedges cause water to back up behind the rows and increase infiltration at this intersecion where two major drainage paths intersect Laidley Australia

Vetiver Hedges for Flash Flood control -Laidley, Australia

Constructed wetlands for polishing wastewater Slope stabilization Flood and erosion control Landscape architecture Australia, Woodlands- Stormwater drainage basin Australia, Springfield- Bioswales Australia,, Incitec- rain garden design g g

Poverty alleviation

Woodlands Development, Brisbane Australia

Multifunctional Landscaping

Woodlands Development, Brisbane Australia

Australia, Brisbane - Springfield Lakes, Bioswales “Billabongs�

Mainenance...

Springfield Development, Brisbane Australia

Constructed wetlands for polishing wastewater Slope stabilization Flood and erosion control Landscape architecture Poverty alleviation East Bali Poverty Project Community involvement in establishing infrastructure (roads, water collection) Agriculture enhancement Handicrafts NGO始s main source of income = vetiver consulting services

East Bali Poverty Project

Over 80% were malnourished and had goitre due to iodine deficiency; 70-100% were illiterate in the 1,000+ families highest up the mountains.

Only source of water for over 400 families after 2-3 hours walk

Stabilizing infrastructure

Community involvement in building road stabilized by Vetiver

Permanent Spring Protection

Funded by Vetiver consulting services Funded by Rotary Club

Stabilizing Schools

Vetiver Stabilizes first schools built on Complete fill embankments

Organic Farming-

Facilitated by Vetiver hedges which hold back otherwise erodable sandy soil

Kids teach their parents School Garden stabilized by Vetiver

First Carrot Harvest and First Potato Harvest

Integrated Pest Management?

attract the insect to lay eggs where there is little chance of survival

90% larvae mortality rate

Dr. Van den Berg, Can Tho University, South Africa

Consulting Services $$$

Provided by the East Bali Poverty Project to help fund their programs

Handicrafts

Helping people help themselves - East Bali Poverty Project, Indonesia

THANK YOU!!!

Dreer Committee Nina Bassuk Jeremy Foster Marvin Pritts

Asian coordinator of the Vetiver Network Paul Truong

East Bali Poverty Project David Booth Ardika Adinata Julita Mekaria

Other Johannes Biala Isai Calderon II Isabel Ayau Olga Ayau