HISTORY ALIVE!
CHAPTER 11
TO DECLARE INDEPENDENCE OR NOT
SMITTIE’S K.I.D.S. IN P86LIVE
Enough is Enough or is it? Tension was extremely high in during 1754 - 1774 between the American colonies and Britain. However, the colonist were split in the idea of what to do. Some found themselves in favor of independence; wanting America to be a separate country that would no long be ruled by the king of Britain. This group of colonists who desired to be free were called Patriots. Some influential Patriots took up the cause by creating publications and giving speeches the emphasized the necessity of being free from British control. However, many other Patriots took a more violent approach by attacking the homes and businesses of those who were favored by the British government. Mobs were created as many Patriots stormed the streets in protest to the rules and laws handed down by Parliament.
Patriots
Loyalists
The so-called favored who were subject of many of the Patriot attacks remained loyal toe the king eventually calling themselves Loyalists. They also gave speeches and used print to advocate their stance. However, many also to the brutal approach of attacking Patriots with guns. In this publication, Smittie’s K.I.D.S. will introduce you to six key figures in the Patriots vs. Loyalists debate. In using these six instrumental figures the idea is to take a look inside the argument in favor of independence and in favor of remaining loyal to the king and Britain.
continued on page 2
PATRIOTS ATTACK Colonist participate in violent protest against British rule.
PATRICK HENRY “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” speech given on March 23, 1775 in protest of the Stamp Act.
SONS OF LIBERTY raising a liberty Pole in 1776.
Benjamin Franklin BY.
AND
REA ZYI CRYST ’KIA AL BR GAV INN OOKE
\
Information About Benjamin Franklin. His father wanted him to take over the family business when he grew up, but he wasn't interested. To help Ben decide on a career, Josiah took him on long walks around Boston so he could observe men doing the work of their trade. Benjamin learned how to do many things during these excursions * , but he didn't want to pursue any of the trades. When Ben was twelve years old his father apprenticed * him to his older brother James, who was a printer. Ben had to sign "articles of indenture * "; a contract that bound him to work for James for nine years until he was 21 years old! He worked twelve hours a day in the printing shop, but still found time to educate himself. Though he only had two years of formal schooling, he taught himself foreign languages and read books on grammar, science, and math. Ben wrote letters to the editor of the newspaper (his brother), and signed them "Silence.People enjoyed reading the letters, but James became angry and stopped printing them when he found out his younger brother had been writing them and signing a fictitious * name. James got into trouble and was imprisoned. Benjamin Franklin was one of the most respected Patriots in america.Franklin was not in favor of independence right away Franklin had many talents was successful writer, printer,inventor and scientist .As a citizen of Philadelphia he helped to establish a library, a hospital and a college.
Samuel Adams SAMUEL ADAMS
Samuel Adams (September 27 [O.S. September 16] 1722 – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United State We believe, as did our Founders, that Essential Liberty must be defended at any cost An unsuccessful businessman, he became interested in politics and was a member (1765-74) and clerk (1766-74) of the lower house of the Massachusetts legislature. As colonial resistance to British laws stiffened, Adams spoke for the discontented and replaced James Otis as leader of the extremists. Samuel Adams might be considered the leader of the movement for independence from Great Britain, while most others were still seeking compromise with the Mother Country. While not the only founder, Sam Adams was one of the first founder and organizer of a group
[1]
known as the Sons of liberty. (Actually the term was coined by one of the Americans Whiggish parliamentary friends, Isaac Barre) The Sons of Liberty took the lead in organizing boycotts and other forms of protest against British policy. Samuel Adams was the father of the American revolution he helped organize the Boston tea party...... a protest where Samuel Adams and over 300 colonists dressed as Mohawk Indian's (the local Indian tribe) and went aboard ships in the Boston harbor and together dumped over 350 chests of tea into the ocean. He saved them from the war. He also gave them rights and freedom of speech.
Mercy Otis Warren
Why Mercy Otis Warren is a Patriot. She believed women would have the right to vote and be in positions of government. She also disliked Britain did not allow women in politics. She thought Britain was to far for them to understand the colonists’ needs and daily lives she said the colonist would be better o with there own government.
Mercy Otis warren made arguments in favor of independence. She held lively meeting with other patriots and discussed ideas. She made two poems that cleverly attacked the loyalist.
PAGE 1
By Jo
nath
Donec Egestas Scelerisque dolor:
an, J ackie ,
Jonathan Boucher B.T. and
Issue No. Seventeen
John
Jonathan Boucher was a British religious leader who used his sermon to spread his Loyalist beliefs.
JONATHAN BOUCHER was one of the most prominent Loyalists during the Revolutionary Period, and is included among colonial writers only on account of his interesting sermon
Finally,Boucher warned that actions for independence were dangerous because they could lead to war with British . Such a war would hurt thousands of people much more than living with a few bad laws.Boucher’s Loyalist sermons made some Patriots so angry that they realized that he was in danger.Boucher was in danger realized he was in danger he had to carry loaded pistols.
The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State ZIP | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
JONATHAN BOUCHER!
Boucher preached that the king’s power came from God.He said that Christians had a special duty to obey British laws because
PAGE
2
He was born 12 May 1738 and died 27 April 1804
disobeying the king was like disobeying the God
Boucher was full of energy and ambition.He was a forceful man who was comefortable talking in front of large groups.As a minister,he used his talents to argue for the Loyalist cause.
The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State ZIP | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
1732
B R I T A I N
1809
LOR D DUNMOR E
Lord Dunmore, Loyalist Governor of Virginia ..... It was Britain, Dunmore said, that created the colonies and continued to protect them. For these reasons Britain had a right to rule the colonies and to make them pay taxes on British goods. And he strongly believed that the colonist had a duty to obey British laws. The colonies, he said, were a part of Britain. Colonist who fight against the king were TRAITORS. As governor, Dunmore thought that being tough would frighten the colonist into excepting British rules. He even promised to free any slaves who fought with him against the Patriots. At least 800 African Americans answered to his call. Lord Dunmore was just a nickname he was givin, his real name is John Middleton Murry.
Lord Dunmore returned to England the same year that he died 1809.He was born 1732 in England He is best remembered for his association. He was the last Royal Governor in Virginia. Lord Dunmore married Lady Charlotte. Lord Dunmore fled Virginia, and soon after left America for England. A short time later he was named British Governor of West Indies Nassau. Dunmore’s proclamation offered freedom only to those who would flee from rebel masters and serve the crown. Its purpose was strategic, to disable rebellion, rather than humanitarian, yet its effect was rather the reverse. White southerner colonists swung to oppose royal authority as it appeared that Dunmore and his Damned, infernal, Diabolical proclamation were inciting slave insurrection.
Thomas Hutchinson
The Hutchinson Letters Affair was an incident that increased tensions between the American colonies and the British government prior to the American Revolution.
By December 1772, the relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies was strained following the Sugar, Stamp, Quartering,
Declaratory and Townshend Acts. At that time, Benjamin Franklin, who was living in England as a representative of several colonies including Massachusetts, anonymously received a packet of thirteen letters. In these private letters, Thomas Hutchinson, the royal Governor of
Massachusetts, made some damning comments about colonial rights. Hutchinson recommended that popular government be taken away from the people "by degrees", and that there should be "abridgement of what are called English liberties."
Franklin, believing that his friends in Boston should know this information, sent the letters to them on the condition that they not be published or widely circulated. However, the letters were published in the Boston Gazette in June 1773. Bostonians were outraged and forced Hutchinson back to England. The British government was infuriated about the publication of private correspondence and demanded to know who had leaked the letters. In December 1773, the government accused three innocent people of leaking the documents. To protect them, Franklin admitted his guilt and he was reprimanded in January 1774. Later that year, Franklin left England and returned to America, where he would serve in the Second Continental Congress and help lead the American Revolution Thomas Hutchinson, a Supreme Court justice in Massachusetts, was the most hated man in America before Benedict Arnold, and was hung in efOigy many times for being a loyalist.