How to cite this paper: Matthew N. O. Sadiku |Uwakwe C. Chukwu |Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi |Sarhan M.Musa "Digital Engineering: A Short Overview"
INTRODUCTION
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH, USA
Digital engineering is the art of creating, capturing, and integrating data using a digital skillset. It leverages data and technology to produce improvements to applications or entirely new solutions. It uses models and digital/computer resources to implement engineering tasks such as design, analysis, prototyping, and experimentation.
IJTSRD51707
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51707 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1594
Digital Engineering: A Short Overview
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Matthew N. O. Sadiku1, Uwakwe C. Chukwu2, Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi3, Sarhan M. Musa1 1
Published in 2022,Issue-5,6470,(ijtsrd),andScientificofInternationalJournalTrendinResearchDevelopmentISSN:2456-Volume-6|Augustpp.1594-1599, AttributiontermsdistributedOpenJournal.ScientificInternationalCopyrightwww.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51707.pdfURL:©2022byauthor(s)andJournalofTrendinResearchandDevelopmentThisisanAccessarticleundertheoftheCreativeCommonsLicense(CCBY4.0)
ABSTRACT
Department of Engineering Technology, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, USA
WHAT IS DIGITAL ENGINEERING?
Digital technology has transformed analog processes, making complicated tasks easier, faster, and even automatic. Digital product engineering is militarytheengineeringoperates,theDepartmentwillengineersintelligent,Digitalwillsystems,businessessecureneedanevolvingprocess,afuture-statethatorganizationstoachievetomaketheworldasafer,moreplace.Digitaltechnologyhasenabledtousecomputerstoautomateshippingsupplysystems,andwarehousesystems.Itdistinguishthewinnersfromtherest.Thefieldofengineeringhasalsobeentransformed.transformationhascreatedanetworked,andconnectedeconomy.Thewaydesign,manufacture,deliver,andconsumeneverbethesame.DigitalengineeringisaninitiativeoftheUSofDefense(DoD)thatwilltransformwaytheDoDdesignsdevelops,delivers,andsustainssystems.DoDrequiresrobustpracticestodeveloptheweaponsystemsnationneedstomaintainsuperiority.Today’soperationsaredynamicandneed modernizing our defense systems. Secretary of Defense, General James Mattis well said, “Success does not go to the country that develops a new technology first, but rather, to the one that better integrates it and more swiftly adapts its way of fighting.” Without sustained investment to restore readiness and modernize, we will rapidly lose our military advantage. One way to achieve this is by incorporating the use of digital computing, digital engineering, and new technologies to conduct engineering designs. Digital engineering requires new techniques, processes, and tools, which will change the way the engineering community operates.
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA 2
KEYWORDS: digital technologies, digital transformation, digital engineering, digital engineers
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
The digital transformation is being embraced by companies around the world with the expectation of improving product development. Digitalization has changed engineering fundamentally. Digital applications.providesengineering,today.interactusersDigitalpracticescharacteristicengineeringistheconstructionofdigitalmodelsthatrepresenteveryofasystemthatistobedeveloped.Digitalengineeringarehelpingtoimproveproductdevelopmentprocesses.engineeringisakeyevolvingtechnologyforbothexpertsandtounderstand.Itwilldramaticallytransformhowhumanswithintelligentsystems.ItischangingthewaysweworkItconstitutesthefirststeptowardsadigitalfutureinthearchitecture,andconstructionindustry.Thispaperasimpleintroductiontodigitalengineeringanditsvarious
APPLICATIONS
Digital engineers help defense, civil, and commercial clients deliver and integrate advanced surface, air, and space solutions to meet their prototypes.massivevalidatedesignwithandfasterorganizationsincreasingengineeringwhilehighestuniquemission.Theyassesseachclient’sneeds,goals,andsituationtoensurethefastestresultswiththevalue,efficiency,andcost-effectiveness,drivingdigitalintegration.Theyembeddigitalwithinanagileframework,therebyreturnoninvestmentwhilehelpingmanagecomplexityandtransformwithreducedrisk.Usingsimulationpackages3Dmodels,engineersareincreasinglyworkingadvancedtechnologiestocapturedataandinadigitizedenvironment.Engineersmustvendordesignsbeforeincurringthecostsassociatedwithbuilding
Somesoftwaredrivenenterprise,constructionDigitalengineeringisappliedinmanyareassuchasengineering,manufacturing,connecteddigitaltwins,digitalthreads,software-business,buildinginformationmodelling,productengineering,anddefensesystems.ofthesearediscussednext.SoftwareProductEngineering:Softwareisthemostcriticalcomponentoftheproductengineeringacrossindustriestoday.Thenumberoflinesofcodesinatypicalproductsuchasanautomotiveoraircrafthasincreasedsignificantly[6].Softwareproductengineering(SPE)istheresultofapplyingdigitalengineeringprinciplestosoftwaredevelopment.SPEinvolvesallstagesofproductcreation:design,development,testing,anddeploying.WithSPE,design,andengineeringteamsworktogethertoimprovebusinessoutcomes.
Formalize thedevelopment,integration,anduse of models to inform enterprise and program decision-making Provide anenduring,authoritativesourceoftruth Incorporate technologicalinnovationtoimprove the engineering practice
Establish a supporting infrastructure and environment to perform activities, collaborate, and communicate across stakeholders Transform the culture and workforce to adopt and support digital engineering across the ThelifecycleDigital Engineering Strategy is displayed in Figure 3 [5]. It has become a game-changer for the DoD and each branch of the military – Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines, Space Force, and Coast Guard,as well asDoDdevelopment partners. It has accelerated development, increased efficiency, and improved quality of all acquisition activities. Any subcontractor who works with the DoD must systems.transparency,usestrategycommercial).ofincorporatedigitalengineeringintothedevelopmentitsproductsandsystems(military,industrial,orTheDoDhasstipulatedintheirthatanycompanyworkingwiththemmustdigitalengineeringprocessestoensuresafetyandaccountabilityfortheir
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DIGITAL ENGINEERS
Digital engineeringis a holistic, data-first approach
Figure 1 shows some components of digital engineering [1].
Endava,expertiseservicesHappiestCiscoSoftware,digitalengineeringsystems,(suchtheTheimplementation.electronic,itsillustratedbasedbetotheend-to-enddesignofcomplexsystems.Itmayregardedasanoffshootofthetraditionalmodelsystemsengineering(MBSE),whichisinFigure2[2].InMBSE,themodelandartifactsreplacedocumentstodefineelectrical,mechanical,andsoftwaremaingoalofdigitalengineeringistoacceleratedevelopmentofcomplexproductsandsystemsasmodernaircraft,satellites,guidanceetc.)byovercomingtheestablisheddisciplines.ThemostpromisingtopengineeringcompaniesincludeIndiumCognizant,HakunaMatata,Accenture,Systems,Brillio,eMudhra,KeltonTech,Minds,andProviti[3].Digitalengineeringcompaniesbringcoredigitalskillsandacrossindustries.TheyincludeEPAM,Infostretch,GlobalLogic,andGlobant.
DIGITAL ENGINEERING STRATEGY
Digital Twins: The concept of the digital twin gained popularity in 2017 within aerospace engineering. This is an important form of modeling and simulation application in the digital age. The ultimate goal of digital
The most consequential force behind creation and fiveoperates,totransformationimplementationexpecteddefenseconceives,objectiveDigitalDepartmentwidespreadadoptionofdigitalengineeringistheUSofDefense(DoD),whichannounceditsEngineeringStrategyin2018.ThemainofthestrategyistomodernizehowDoDbuilds,tests,fields,andsustainsnationalsystems.Inotherwords,thestrategyistoguidetheplanning,development,andofthedigitalengineeringacrosstheDepartment.ItisintendedmodernizehowDoDdesigns,develops,delivers,andsustainssystems.TheDepartment'sstrategicgoalsfordigitalengineeringare[4]:
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engineering is to produce digital twins, which aredigitalreplicasofreal andpotentialphysical assets (i.e. “physical twins”). This involves creating virtual replicas to enable faster system development and upgrades with less risk. One capabilities,bettertraining[8].engineeringetc.manufacturing,hasdigitaltechnologiesmachinesystems-of-systems.revolutionizetheirautomationCADofcancreateadigitaltwinofamachineintheforma3Dmodel.Adigitaltwincanuniteyourandcontrolstohelpcreatebetterindustrialsystems.DigitalengineeringandassociateddigitaltwinsintendtohowwearchitectanddesignfutureArtificialintelligenceandlearningarecomplementarythatwillplayacriticalroleintwintechnologyevolution.Digitaltwinbeenwidelyusedinintelligentfactories,buildings,smartcities,[7].Figure4showsdigitaltwinsindigitaltechnologyarchitectureframeworkMilitaryapplicationsofadigitaltwintocouldenabledecision-makerstohaveaunderstandingofwarfighters’previoustraining,andskills.
Digital Thread: Digital thread is a unique communication framework that enables a designedisrelatedsignificantengineering,andstatuscomplianceisimplementation,asunderstandthethroughoutwithpreviouslyconnecteddataflow.Itofferseasyaccesstodatastoredinsilos.Thiscanprovideusersalogicpathfortrackinginformationthesystems’lifecycle.Bypullingondigitalthread,engineeringteamscanbettertheimpactofdesignchanges,aswellmanagerequirements,design,andverification.Thiscapabilityvitalforaccuratelymanagingregulatoryandrequirements,reportingdevelopmentandrespondingquicklytoproductrecallsqualityissues.Intermsofdigitaladigitalthreadrepresentsaroleinconnectingengineeringdatatoprocessesandpeople.Butadigitalthreadnotplugandplay;itisaprocessthatmustbefromthegroundup.
Manufacturing: Digital technologies are reshaping the manufacturing landscape. The digital engineering space is witnessing a wide adoption of various technologies in the reduceproductplant,productivity.manufacturing2018ofmanufacturingindustry.Figure5showsthesplitmanufacturingorganizationsbycountryasof[9].DigitaltechnologiesareusedbycompaniestohelpdriveInmanagingproductioninadigitalengineeringcanhelpyourreachthemarketatrecordspeeds,yourrisk,andredefineproductivity.
CHALLENGES
An example of connected manufacturing is displayed in Figure 6 [10].
BENEFITS
Traditional engineering methodologies are human intensive and offer insights from the transactional data generated at every point. The art of digital engineering enables designers to explore possibilities and develop innovative solutions in a virtual environment. Digital engineering enables Otherholdsaccountableengineeringprovidingoninformationpeoplebehaviors,enablesItintegration,collaboration,automation,andmobility.speedscreationoftechnicalrepresentationsandanalysistospeeddecisionmaking,modelandvalidaterequirements.Itallowstoshareandviewup-to-dateengineeringforaproject.Itensuresthateveryoneisacommonplatform,reducingconfusionandabsolutedesignclarity.Digitalistheanswerwhenflawless,productioncanresultinlifeordeath.Itgreatpromisefordefenseorganizations.benefitsinclude[11]:ModernizesystempracticesImprovedecisionmakingandflexibilityStreamlineprocessesandapproachesIncreasereturnoninvestmentImproveperformanceManagecomplexityTransformrapidly,withflexibilitySpotgapsandreduceriskAcceleratedata-drivendecisionsAcceleratetimelines—andultimately,fastermissionsuccessAutomategenerationoftechnicaldocumentsTraceabilityacrossthesystemarchitectureInstantupdatesandintuitivevisualizationsEmbeddedcybersecurityandassuredcomplianceMultidisciplinaryapproachincorporatingstrategicplanning
Defense Systems: These are characterized by their demanding missions and also by the detailed documentation that must be created, withtraditionallifemanaged,andinterpretedthroughoutasystem’scycle.Thedocument-heavyapproachofsystemsengineeringseemsoutofstepourmodernage.
Digital Engineering can provide several opportunities. However, some challenges must be overcome. Engineering organizations are at a beenconstructionchallengescontinuouslycrossroads.Newmarketforcesaswellastheneedtoenhancetheproductfunctionalityposeandopportunities.Forexample,inengineering,laborproductivityhasstagnatingfordecadesandcompanieshave
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51707 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1597 been slow to change, adapt, innovate, and benefit from emerging technologies. Another major challenge is finding enough people to develop digital engineering skills and produce the next generation digital products.
CONCLUSION In the digital new era, everything including the entire world can be digitalized. Digital engineering is essentially an integrated digital approach that supports lifecycle activities from concept through 20].digitalDigitalengineersdigitaldesignedmanyimprovehelpdisposal.Adoptingdigitalengineeringprocesseswillimprovesafety,reducerisk,minimizecost,andsustainability.Digitalengineeringisnowbeingofferedacourseincollegesofengineering.Thecourseistopreparestudentsforrapidlychangingtechnologyanditsapplications.DigitalmayconsiderjoiningtheSocietyofEngineering[12].Moreinformationaboutengineeringcanbefoundinthebooksin[13-
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51707 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1598 Figure 1 Components of digital engineering [1]. Figure 2 Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) [2]. Figure 3 The Digital Engineering Strategy [5].
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51707 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1599 Figure 4 Digital twin in digital engineering technology architecture framework [8]. Figure 5 Split of manufacturing organizations by country [9]. Figure 6 An example of connected manufacturing [10]
