Cost Estimation of a Particular Biomass Power Plant

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 03, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Cost Estimation of a Particular Biomass Power Plant Rakesh Das1 Writwik Balow2 Raju Basak3 Sobhan Chakraborty4 Avik Ghosh5 1 Lecturer 2,5Assistant Professor 3Research Scholar 4U.G Student 1,2,3,4,5 Department of Electrical Engineering 1 Calcutta Institute of Technology (Second Shift) Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, India 2,5 Ideal institute of engineering Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India 3 Jadavpur University Kolkata – 700 032; West Bengal, India 4 Dr. Sudhir Chandra Sur Degree Engineering College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Abstract— All the living matter, its total biomass, exists in the thin surface layer called Biosphere, In nature the energy that has been stored in the biomass of plants is liberated through a series of conversions this involves metabolic process such as respiration in living matter, physical process such as re-radiation of heat energy & the evaporation.

Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass.

The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel. Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. Day by Day main sources of energy is decreasing and becomes costly. Generating companies are constantly looking for the best alternative sources. Biomass can be one of the sources of energy production. In this paper attempt has been made to estimate the cost of 10 MW Biomass Power plants, which gives rough idea about installation and Generation of particular capacity biomass plant Key words: S Biomass, Power Plant, Alternative Source, Generation, Installation I. INTRODUCTION Most biomass power plants use direct-fired combustion systems. They burn biomass directly to produce highpressure steam that drives a turbine generator to make electricity. In some biomass industries, the extracted or spent steam from the power plant is also used for manufacturing processes. These combined heat and powersystems (CHP) greatly increase overall energy efficiency to approximately 80% from the standard biomass systems with efficiencies of approximately 20%.

A simple biomass electric generation system is made up of several key components. For a steam cycle, this includes some combination of the following items  equipment for fuel storage and handling  furnace  Boiler  Pumps  Fans  Steam turbine  Generator  Condenser  Cooling tower  System control Direct combustion systems feed a biomass feedstock into a combustor or furnace, where the biomass is burned with excess air to heat water in a boiler to create steam. Instead of direct combustion some developing technologies gasify the biomass to produce a combustible gas

and others produce pyrolysis oils that can be used to replace liquid fuels. Boiler fuel can include wood chips, pellets, sawdust, or bio-oil. Steam from the boiler is then expanded through a steam turbine, which spins to run a generator and produce electricity.

In general all biomass system contains fuel storage space and some type of fuel handling equipment and controls.

A system using wood chips, sawdust or pellets typically use a bunker or silo for short-term storage and an outside fuel yard for larger storage. Manual equipment, like front loaders, can be used to transfer biomass from the piles to the bunkers, but this method involves significant cost for labor and equipment operations and maintenance (O&M).

Wood chip-fired electric power systems typically use one dry ton per megawatt-hour of electricity production.

This approximation is typical of wet wood systems and is useful for a first approximation of fuel use and storage requirements but the actual value will vary with system efficiency. Most wood chips produced from green lumber will have a moisture content of 40% to 55%, wet basis, which means that a ton of green fuel will contain 800 to 1,100 pounds of water. This water will reduce the recoverable energy content of the material, and reduce the efficiency of the boiler, as the water must be evaporated in the first stages of combustion.

The biggest problems with biomass-fired plants are in handling and pre-processing the fuel. This is the case with both small grate-fired plants and large suspension-fired plants. Drying the biomass before combusting or gasifying it improves the overall process efficiency, but may not be economically viable in many cases.

II. COSTS OF TECHNOLOGY There are many companies, primarily in Europe, that sell small-scale engines and combined heat and power systems that can run on biogas, natural gas, or propane. Some of these systems are available with outputs from about 2 kilowatts (kW) and approximately 20,000 British thermal units (Btu) per hour of heat, to several megawatts (MW). In addition, small (100 to 1,500 kW) steam engine/gen-sets and steam turbines (100 to 3000 kW) that are fueled by solid biomass.

In some areas direct combustion is the common method of producing heat from biomass. Small-scale biomass electric plants have installed costs of RS 220000/- to RS 280000/- per kW, and a cost of energy of RS 60/- to RS 65/per kilowatt hour (kWh).

There are two types of chip-fired direct combustion systems, stationary and traveling-grate combustors and atmospheric fluidized-bed combustors.

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Cost Estimation of a Particular Biomass Power Plant (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 03/2016/197)

III. FIXED-BED SYSTEMS There are various configurations of fixed-bed systems, but the common characteristic is that fuel is delivered in some manner onto a grate where it reacts with oxygen in the air.

This is an exothermic reaction that produces very hot gases and generates steam in the heat exchanger section of the boiler.

IV. BED SYSTEMS In either a circulating fluidized-bed or bubbling fluidized-bed system, the biomass is burned in a hot bed of suspended, incombustible particles, such as sand. Compared to grate combustors, fluidized-bed systems generally produce more complete carbon conversion, resulting in reduced emissions and improved system efficiency. In addition, fluidized-bed boilers can use a wider range of feedstocks. Furthermore, fluidized-bed systems have a higher parasitic electric load than fixed-bed systems due to increased fan power requirements.

V. COST ESTIMATION OF A 10MW BIOMASS POWER PLANT It deals with the estimates of the total cost of the power project. The estimate is also based on the budgetary offers received from the various manufacturers for the major equipment and in house cost data compiled for power plants.

Contingency provision has been made, but not the escalation, as the project is expected to be implemented within short period.

This chapter deals with the estimates of the total cost of the power project. The estimate is also based on the budgetary offers received from the various manufacturers for the major equipment and in house cost data compiled for power plants. Contingency provision has been made, but not the escalation.

The cost of the power plant given in this chapter covers all the costs associated with the construction of the plant which includes the civil construction cost, cost of equipment for power generation, cost of auxiliaries and utilities. The total cost is arrived at by adding to this cost, the pre operative expenses inclusive of project design and engineering, start up and training expenses, interest during construction and the margin money for working capital.

Table-1 gives the details of the Land & Site Development.Table-2 gives the details of the estimate of Machinery cost including Electricals.Table-3 indicates the Miscellaneous Fixed asset.

Particulars Amount Cost of Land 40.0 Cost of development of land 10.0 Cost of roads 10.0 road connecting to the Main Road 5.0 Internal roads 10.0 Cost of fencing 10.0 Cost of Gates 5.0 Total 90.0 Table 1: Development of Land and Site (Rs. Lakhs) VI. CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL The civil work includes the earthwork and concrete work for the power house building, equipment foundations, tanks,

cooling tower basin etc. The cost of laying in plant roads, fencing drains and sewers is also included as part of civil cost.

The RCC/structural steel work for the turbogenerator building is also included under the heading of Civil Works cost. No piling has been envisaged for the building as well as for equipment foundations and only open foundations are considered.

The civil work quantities and the cost of civil are only estimates and will have to be suitably modified and firmed up after the equipment supply is finalized and adequate data regarding the loading dimensions of equipment are available from the manufacturers and suppliers during the engineering stage and also on the actual soil conditions encountered at different stages of construction is given in Table -5 in the appendix.

VII. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL WORKS The project cost includes the cost of all other auxiliary systems of the power plant, like the cooling water system consisting of cooling tower, and the pumps, DM water system, compressed air system, ventilation system, fire fighting, Steam piping, high pressure and low pressure, feed water piping, cooling water piping and all other piping of the power plant.

The transmission lines for evacuating power are also considered in the electrical estimation. The cost of the generator transformer for meeting the power requirement at 415 voltage level for power plant, the power control center for feeding power to the plant, the cables and ducts, complete earthling of the plant and lighting are included in the cost.

Cost for the plant erection, testing and commissioning have been included in the equipment cost. Also the cost estimates given in the report are inclusive of the taxes and duties and insurance.

The cost of the two years spares is estimated to be two percent of the mechanical and electrical equipment cost which is included in the cost of the equipment included in the works cost estimate.

The total cost of the mechanical and electrical works is expected to be around Rs. 3305 Lakhs Equipment/ Machinery Amount Steam Turbine & generator 1100.0 Boiler 1250.0 DM plant 20.0 Cooling water arrangement and piping 50.0 Fuel handling 150.0 Ash handling 50.0 EOT Crane 20.0 Substation 200.0 Electrical Plant 40.0 Cooling tower 70.0 Fire protection 20.0 Air conditioning 45.0 water & Air comp.

45.0 Erection 85.0 Transmission lines 120.0 Miscellaneous 40.0 Total 3305.00 Table 2: MACHINERY COST (Rs. In Lakhs)

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Cost Estimation of a Particular Biomass Power Plant (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 03/2016/197)

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS FIXED ASSETS The cost of miscellaneous fixed assets is estimated to be Rs.82 Lakhs based on the budget from the suppliers. The details are as under: Amount Particulars Rs in Lakhs The laboratory equipment 35.00 Workshop equipment 25.00 Vehicles 15.00 Furniture 5.00 Office equipment 2.00 Total 82.00 Table 3: miscellaneous fixed assets IX. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST The repairs and maintenance cost for this project has been assumed as Rs.148 Lakhs in first year, which is given in Table-4. The salaries and wages of the operation and maintenance personnel of the power generation plant are separately considered and the same have been worked out as Rs.68 Lakhs including a provision for contract labor service charges Expenses Amount Repairs and Maintenance 60 Salaries and Wages 68 Consumables 20 Total 148 Table 4: X. CONCLUSION The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.

This can be the one of the alternative for sources of energy. Renewable energy contributes a considerable percentage of the total energy produced now days. Estimating the cost of 10 MW Biomass Power plants, proves that it is quiet economic and useful.

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