Impact Evaluation Report "Elimination of Bonded Labour in 04 Districts of Punjab (EBLIK-4D)" by Ihsan Nadir Syed

Mid Term Evaluation Report on Project

Contribute to Elimination of Bonded Labour due to DebtBondage in the Brick Kilns in 4 Districts of Punjab (EBLIK-4D)

January, 2018

DIRECTORATE GENERAL MONITORING & EVALUATION PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB 72, Garden Block, Garden Town, Lahore .Pakistan Tel: +92-42-99233177-91 www.dgmepunjab.gov.pk / info@dgmepunjab.gov.pk

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ACRONYMS ALC

Adult Literacy Centre

BLC

Bonded Labour Cell

CMC

Centre Management Committee

DGM&E

Directorate General Monitoring & Evaluation

DDSC

Departmental Development Sub Committee

DCO

District Coordination Officer

DOL

District Officer Labour

DCC

District Coordination Committee

European Union

ILO

International Labour Organization

L&HRD

Labour & Human Resource Department

LASU

Legal Aid Service Unit

NFES

Non-Formal Education School

O&M

Operation & Maintenance

PC-I

Planning Commission Performa-I

P&DD

Planning & Development Department

Social Mobilizer

Veterinary Assistant

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms

III

List of Tables VIII LIST of Graphs IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 14 1.1

The Bonded Labour ....................................................................... 15

1.1.1

Bonded labour issues ..................................................................................... 16

1.1.2

Situation of The Bonded labour in Pakistan ................................................... 17

1.2 1.2.1

Project Description & Justification ............................................... 17 Target Population ........................................................................................... 19

1.3

Project at a Glance ....................................................................... 21

1.4

Project Objective and Interventions ........................................... 22

1.5

Project Staff as Approved PC-I .................................................... 24

1.6

The Evaluation Report: Purpose & Structure .............................. 25

EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT .......................................................... 26 2.1

Team Formation.............................................................................. 28

2.2

Documents Review ........................................................................ 29

2.3

Identification of Key Indicators .................................................... 29

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2.4

Project Site Visits.............................................................................. 30

2.5

Interviews with Project Officials ................................................... 31

DG M& E ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 32 3.1

Planned components/Interventions/Activities vs. Achieved .. 32

3.2

Financial assessment (Planned vs. Actual) ................................ 37

3.2.1

Yearly Cost Breakdown .................................................................................. 37

3.2.2

ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures ............................ 38

3.2.3

Procurement and Physical Verification of Items ............................................ 39

3.3

Project Duration .............................................................................. 44

3.4

Process Analysis .............................................................................. 44

3.4.1

Status of 200 NFES and 40 ALC ...................................................................... 44

3.4.2

Status of Enrolment at NFES and ALC ............................................................ 45

3.4.3

Assessment of NFES and ALC - Learners ........................................................ 49

3.4.4

Assessment - of NFES and ALC - Facilities ...................................................... 51

3.4.5

Assessment of NFES - Teacher ....................................................................... 52

3.4.6

Status of Health and Hygiene Services........................................................... 53

3.4.7

Status of Veterinary Services ......................................................................... 56

3.4.8

Status of Facilitation in Acquiring new CNICs ................................................ 59

OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................................................... 61 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 63 VI | P a g e

Annexure A1: Directions of the Apex Court ........................................................... 65 Annexure A2: Identification of the locations for establishing NFEs & ALCs ....... 66 Annexure A3: Monitoring of the performance of children and teachers ........ 67 Annexure B: Printing & distribution of health & Hygiene awareness broachers68 Annexure B1: Health & Hygiene Camps at selected areas ................................ 69 Annexure C: Performa for Providing Veterinary Services .................................... 70 Annexure D: Data Collection for Providing CNICs ............................................... 71 Annexure E: Establishment of Legal Aid Service Unit............................................ 72 Annexure E1: Provided Free Legal Aid Assistance ................................................ 74 Annexure F: Multi-Stakeholders Dialogues ............................................................. 75 Annexure G: Brick Making Technology .................................................................. 76 Annexure H: Notifications of DCCs .......................................................................... 77 Annexure H1: Meetings of DCCs ............................................................................. 78 Annexure I: Procurement of Physical Assets .......................................................... 79 Annexure J: NFE Centres Visited .............................................................................. 80

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Project at Glance ............................................................................................................................21 Table 2: Project Staff....................................................................................................................................24 Table 3: Population Proportion sampling technique ...................................................................................26 Table 4: Project - Bonded Labour Cell, Field Visits ......................................................................................30 Table 5: Interviews with Project Officials ....................................................................................................31 Table 6: Planned vs. Achieved Objectives ...................................................................................................32 Table 7: Year wise ADP Allocation vs. Actual Release .................................................................................38 Table 8: Procurement and Physical Verification..........................................................................................39 Table 9: Enrollment at ALCs .........................................................................................................................47 Table 10: Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................49 Table 11: Sample Size (District wise Distribution) .......................................................................................49 Table 12: Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................53 Table 13: Sample Size (District wise Distribution) .......................................................................................53 Table 14: Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................57 Table 15: Sample Size (District wise Distribution) .......................................................................................57 Table 16: Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................59 Table 17: Sample Size (District wise Distribution) .......................................................................................59

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LIST OF GRAPHS Figure 1: Schematic Flow/ Diagram of Evaluation Process .........................................................................27 Graph 2: Year wise Cost Breakdown ...........................................................................................................37 Graph 3: ADP Allocations vs. Actual Release & Expenditures .....................................................................38 Graph 4: Procurement of Physical Assets ....................................................................................................43 Graph 5: NFE Centers Current Status ..........................................................................................................44 Graph 6: NFE Learners Enrollment Status ...................................................................................................45 Graph 7: District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment .............................................................45 Graph 8: NFE Learners Enrollment – Current Status ...................................................................................46 Graph 9: District wise proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment .............................................................46 Graph 10: ALCS Enrollment at .....................................................................................................................47 Graph 11: Children enrollment at brick kilns...............................................................................................48 Graph 12: Children support in work at brick kilns .......................................................................................48 Graph 13: Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) ..............................................50 Graph 14: Assessment of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation)...................................................................50 Graph 15: Assessment Non Formal Education Centers – Facilities .............................................................51 Graph 16: Teachers Assessment of NFE Centers .........................................................................................52 Graph 17: Medical camp on health & hygiene ............................................................................................54 Graph 18: Health & Hygiene Kits Distribution .............................................................................................55

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Graph 19: Effectiveness of Health & Hygiene Services ...............................................................................55 Graph 20: Live Stock ....................................................................................................................................56 Graph 21: Live Stock -Analysis .....................................................................................................................56 Graph 22: Visits of Veterinary Assistants ....................................................................................................57 Graph 23: Quality of Veterinary Services ....................................................................................................58 Graph 24: CNIC Acquired by Adult Family Members ..................................................................................60 Graph 25: Access to Social Services through CNIC ......................................................................................60

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is aimed to analysis and evaluate the project’s objectives/targets verses the achievements made till May 31, 2017, project conceived for Elimination of Bonded Labour in 04 Districts of Punjab (EBLIK-4D), total cost of Rs. 196.987 million had been prepared and submitted for approval from concerned authorities and recommendations for further improvements in the project implementation in order to achieve desired outcomes and have sustainable impact. Elimination of Bonded Labour in 04 Districts of Punjab (EBLIK-4D) Project had been designed in order to fulfill Government of Punjab’s provincial laws enacted in pursuance of such international commitments to eliminate all forms of bonded labour in the shortest possible time as well as various federal and. Pakistan’s international and national commitments/obligations under the various conventions and treaties it had signed earlier. Ending slavery or forced (bonded) labour requires targeted action to change laws, to bring offenders to justice, to protect victims and to empower those at risk. While some measures of prevention, such as eliminating abusive recruitment and wage payment systems or enabling children to attend school, can go a long way in addressing systemic problems of injustice, much more is needed to ensure decent work for all. EBLIK-4D project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to address the root causes of bonded labour in brick kilns. It includes ways and means to improve the access to social services for the brick kiln workers and their families who are victims of bonded labour through the provision of CNICs to brick kiln workers and Birth Registration Certificates to their children, education (non-formal, adult literacy), health & hygiene, access to justice (legal aid services unit) and veterinary assistant through a number of project components. As the importance of social research in addressing problems can hardly is overstated so it had a component of Research studies on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target districts. It also had a component for promotion of the achievement of the project through internet, print and electronic media. Bonded labour cell with technical assistance and involvement of CIWCE had to develop modern technology for labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making technology. 11 | P a g e

Under the project BLC had to organize multi-stakeholder dialogues and publicise proceedings through media in order to develop a shared understanding of the debt-bondage issues and strategies to counter the same. The respective DCOs of 4 target districts had been asked to form a special District Coordination Committees of the project to support the project activities and review the progress in their respective districts. No social intervention can bring the desired results without the involvement of stakeholders. In this case the real stakeholders were the families and employers at brick kilns. Project had an intervention to mobilise these stakeholders through formation of local committees at brick kilns. Evaluation enables project stakeholders to trace the feedback process that links project outcomes with objectives. Evaluating a projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outcomes against its objectives (which were previously decided upon during the planning stage) helps to determine its success in achieving those objectives. Effective evaluation is the connecting factor between all stages of the project life cycle, as evaluation findings improve the planning process of future projects by generating new ideas and approaches. The evaluation methodology adopted was a comprehensive desk literature review, field visit of project districts, statistical analysis quantitative and review of qualitative data by the evaluation team. Overall performance of the project is partially satisfactory, when compared to PC-I targets. It was observed that there were serious mistakes in planningEBLIK-4D project mainly â&#x20AC;&#x153;external verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labourâ&#x20AC;? while there is no such specialized organization. Second, neither key verifiable indicators were set nor M&E system was devised with PC-I as no proper baseline survey/research studies had been conducted. Third, no specific targets had been set for provision of health and hygiene services, veterinary services, provision of micro finance. During implementation of EBLIK-4D project the major observations were failure of Bonded Labour Cell to develop elaborate M&E System for every intervention. Hiring of female social mobilizers was restrained while main target of project are brick kiln workers their families & children. Promotion of the achievements of the project interventions through internet, print and electronic media had been ignored as on online database could be developed and implemented.

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It is strongly recommended that Intervention of provision of non-formal education to children of families at brick kilns and adult literacy for other family members must be reviewed and bring under consideration the factor of early child education and psycho-socio capacity building of adults. Online database should be interactive and in real time share updated status of beneficiaries who have been facilitation in acquiring of CNICs of adults and Birth Registration of Children in 04 project districts along with other project Overall performance of the project is satisfactory in comparison with targets set in PC-I. But in compliance of above mentioned observations & recommendations, elaborated in detail further under relevant headings, it is strongly recommended to develop online database and immediately revise PC-I. As well as research studies, public awareness, social media campaigns and up-to-date management information system (MIS)/online database, strengthening provision of legal aid services should be key areas of focus till the completion of the project.

Mr. Shoaib Kamran Individual Consultant

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INTRODUCTION Bonded (Forced) labour can not be imposed to adults and children, by State authorities, by private enterprises or by individuals. It is observed in all types of economic activity, such as domestic work, construction, agriculture, manufacturing, sexual exploitation, forced begging, etc. Bonded (Forced) labour is different from sub-standard or exploitative working conditions. Various indicators can be used to ascertain when a situation amounts to forced labour, such as restrictions on workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; freedom of movement, withholding of wages or identity documents, physical or sexual violence, threats and intimidation or fraudulent debt from which workers cannot escape. Based on the impact assessment of the EBLIK project being implemented in Lahore and Kasur districts, stakeholder consultation and a comprehensive review of the existing literature on bonded labour in the brick-kiln sector in Pakistan, the project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to eliminate debt-bondage in the brick-kiln of the four selected districts. Government of the Punjab in the Labour and Human Resource Department has intended to undertake a 6 years project (2012-18) for elimination of bonded labour in the brick-kilns of four districts of Punjab, namely, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujarat, Bahawalpur, Districts in order to replicate the interventions of similar project being implemented in Lahore and Kasur districts. In June 2014, governments, employers and workers at the ILO International Labour Conference (ILC) decided to give new impetus to the global fight against forced labour, including trafficking in persons and slavery-like practices. They voted overwhelmingly to adopt the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 and the Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation, 2014 (No. 203) which supplement the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and complement existing international instruments by providing specific guidance on effective measures to be taken regarding prevention, protection and remedy to eliminate all forms of forced labour. EBLIK-4D project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to address the root causes of bonded labour in brick kilns. It includes ways and means to improve the access to social services for the brick kiln workers and their families who are victim of bonded labour. The project had included a strategy of provision of CNICs to brick kiln workers and Birth Registration Certificates to their children in order to effectively link target families with the social service provided by the government such as 14 | P a g e

education (non-formal, adult literacy), health & hygiene, access to justice (legal aid services unit) and veterinary assistant through a number of project components. Bonded labour cell with technical assistance and involvement of CIWCE has to develop modern technology for labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making technology. The respective DCOs of 4 target districts had been asked to form a special District Coordination Committees of the project to support the project activities and review the progress in their respective districts. Under the project BLC had to organise multi-stakeholder dialogues and publicise proceedings through media in order to develop a shared understanding of the debt-bondage issues and strategies to counter the same. No social intervention can bring the desired results without the involvement of stakeholders. In this case the real stakeholders were the families and employers at brick kilns. Project had an intervention to mobilise these stakeholders through formation of local committees at brick kilns. The project had been undertaken by the L&HR Department during the period 2012-18. It includes ways and means to improve brick-kiln workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; access to social services, health, education and legal recourse. The project will also attempt to test the various technologies for brick making and work out financial and technical models which can be used to enhance the productivity and earning and to improve the health and safety of brick kiln workers.

1.1 T HE B ONDED L ABOUR Bonded (Forced) labour can be understood as work that is performed involuntarily and under the menace of any penalty. It refers to situations in which persons are coerced to work through the use of violence or intimidation or by more subtle means such as manipulated debt, retention of identity papers or threats of denunciation to immigration authorities. According to the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), forced or compulsory labour is: â&#x20AC;&#x153;all work or service which is exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and for which the person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily." The Forced Labour Protocol (Article 1(3)) explicitly reaffirms this definition.

This definition consists of three elements: 15 | P a g e

Work or service refers to all types of work occurring in any activity, industry or sector including in the informal economy.

II.

Menace of any penalty refers to a wide range of penalties used to compel someone to work.

III.

Involuntariness: The terms “offered voluntarily” refer to the free and informed consent of a worker to take a job and his or her freedom to leave at any time. This is not the case for example when an employer or recruiter makes false promises so that a worker take a job he or she would not otherwise have accepted.

IV.

THE PUNJAB PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOUR AT BRICK KILNS ACT 2016 (XXXVII of 2016) "bonded labourers” means a labourers who incurs, or has, or is presumed to have, incurred, a bonded debt as defined under section 2 of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1992 (III of 1992);

1.1.1 B ONDED LABOUR ISSUES Main issues relating to the system of bonded labour in the socio-economic context can be described as follows:

Loans and advances extended by creditors to ensure timely availability and supply of labour.



Advance aim to keep the labour under control.



Loans are never paid. Before any loan is realized, further amounts are advanced to meet further needs of workers. This chain continues indefinitely. Such an arrangement leads to un-payable debt and severe conditions of bondage.



In the agriculture sector, a hari with low remuneration is the sole victim of the system.



Mobility of the bonded labourers is restricted and so they cannot supplement their income by working elsewhere or doing a secondary job.



Debts are transferred from generation to generation and the labourers can hardly get rid of the system. Landlords being influential persons find ways and means to defeat the purpose of the law.



Relief Camps for bonded labour established by certain human rights activists as temporary arrangement in certain localities suffer from bad management and unhealthy sanitation conditions.

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1.1.2 S ITUATION OF T HE B ONDED LABOUR IN P AKISTAN “The practice of debt bondage in Pakistan is commonly known as Peshgi system. Instead of just seeking wages in exchange for their work, poor workers take an advance from an employer, in money or in kind, under the obligation to work for that employer until their debt are paid off. The loan (peshgi) may be taken for many reasons. Sometimes workers are in desperate need of money or food; in other cases they see it as a form of protection against unemployment: the loan ties them to a particular employer, who is then perceived to have an obligation to continue employing them.

“Peshgi advances are often quite substantial, much more than can be repaid in just a few months. In extreme cases, debts are so great that they are inherited from one generation to another. In other cases the amount of money may be relatively small”. (From: Anti-Slavery).Unfortunately no authentic survey has been carried out so far to estimate the number of bonded labourers in the country. Identification of bonded labour is a very complicated and difficult task because of its invisibility. It is often argued that the families which are considered to be in bonded labour are specialized in the relevant skill and they bargain advance payments with their employers. It is the family that demands advances in return of their services. This is the case where the whole family is involved in a particular type of work. In such a system, it becomes difficult to identify them as bonded labourers in the true sense of the terminology and reach them for their rehabilitation. However, there are unofficial and unconfirmed reports of existence of bonded labour practices, in (Source: http://www.punjablabour.gov.pk/article/detail/23)

1.2 P ROJECT D ESCRIPTION & J USTIFICATION Bonded labour is a critical concern in Pakistan because it perpetuates poverty and hampers economic growth by undermining labour productivity and human development. A number of research studies have shown that extreme poor families are vulnerable to debt-bondage and can be caught in a vicious cycle of social and economic obligations that prevent them from benefiting from macro-economic growth. Addressing the issue of bonded labour should, therefore, form part of any meaningful effort for poverty alleviation. 17 | P a g e

Forced labour, primarily in the form of debt bondage, is commonly found amongst low castes, minorities and migrants who suffer from additional discrimination and social exclusion. In the case of brick-kiln, typically a worker – usually an adult man - takes a loan or salary advance from the employer. Then the debtor - and often family members as well - is obliged to work for the employer for no wages at all or reduced wages until the debt is repaid. The terms of the unwritten, interlinked labour-credit contract are heavily biased in favour of the lender. To meet family needs, the worker is forced to borrow additional cash and the debt burden amounts. Larger debts strengthen the employer’s control to the point where basic freedoms - freedoms of expression, association, movement, and to undertake alternative employment - may be denied. In the worst cases, workers are kept captive through violence or threats of violence. Many such cases have been highlighted in the national and local press in the recent past. Given the deep-rooted societal discrimination against women that prevails in Pakistan, they can be additionally disadvantaged when bonded labour situations arise – whether through being directly bonded, or by being burdened with increased workloads because of the absence of able-bodied men in the family. Further, being effectively excluded from decision-making at household and community levels, women’s ability to influence negotiations on loans and advances, major household expenditures and labour contracts with employers and intermediaries is severely constrained, even when these directly concern women and children. They thus become the victims of decisions made by male family members, most often regarding this as a ‘normal’ state of affairs. Political will to tackle bonded labour has been growing over recent years and successive governments have legislated against various shades of bonded labour. However, implementation of these laws poses a serious challenge to state institutions. At the same time, many civil society Organisations have gradually mobilized to advocate for the cause of bonded labourers and to implement activities for their rescue and rehabilitation. However, their capacity and scale of activities has been limited. Efforts have tended to be localized and their impact limited. On its part, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has been an important partner in public sector and non-profit initiatives. In addition to the localized and small-scale public/private/international initiatives, it is essential that the government, NGOs and ILO work in partnership for a concerted effort for the prevention and elimination of bonded labour in Pakistan.

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1.2.1 T ARGET P OPULATION According to a registration data of the labour and Human Resource Department, the number of registered brick kilns in the target districts is as under; Gujarat

148

Sargodha

129

Faisalabad

222

Bahawalpur

160

Total

659

In any case, the kilns are a changing population as old ones keep on closing down and new ones spring up. Informed estimates put the number at 659, which has been used as the basis of subsequent estimation. Kilns vary in size according to their production capacity. Therefore, significant variation exists in the number of families employed at each kiln. However, informed estimates suggest that the kilns in the selected districts employ on the average 30 families per kiln. Assuming an average work force of 5 persons (2 adults and 3 children) per family, average work force on a kiln is about 150 persons. (The number of children in many families is larger than three. But some labourers do not have any families, in particular the workers from neighboring villages and Afghans which comprises about 30% of total labour. Hence the average of 3 children per family has been assumed.) All put together, there are approximately 19770 families at the kilns and the total number of workers comes out to be around 98850 persons (females and children included). This is a sizeable target community. The work-force at the kilns comprises raw-brick makers (pathaiwalas), jalai walas, kairi walas, nikasi walas, bharai walas, mashkis, chowkidars and jamadars. On average only 4-5 persons (invariably male) are employed for each of the latter jobs. The bulk of the kiln labour is employed in raw-brick making. This job is labour intensive, low-skill and allows exploitation of family labour. The latter jobs (jalai etc.) are relatively high-skill jobs and would require years of training at the kiln before one can perform the job efficiently. Jalai in particular is also high-risk and hazardous as it involves handling bricks inside the hot oven. Generally, the jalai walas are paid monthly remuneration; the rest of the work force is paid on piece-meal basis. Wages vary from kiln to kiln. 19 | P a g e

Pathaiwalas as a class are the worst sufferers. They work in family units. Most other category of workers work in individual capacity and their family members are free to engage in brick kiln or other occupations, which is not the case with raw brick makers. The employer supplies each pathaiwala with one or more moulds, depending upon the number of adults in the family. In case, there is only husband, wife and minor children, the family is supplied two moulds, but if the family has more adult members (sons, daughters, daughters in law, brothers, sisters), more moulds may be provided. Usually, the adults use the moulds, while others (including minors) do the supplementary work like bringing mud for brick laying. Although all members of family work, their wages are clubbed together in the name of the head of the family. This clubbing of wages is the root cause of extreme form of exploitation practiced in the kilns. The wages are clearly less than the rate notified by the Government of Punjab as well as the market rate for semi-skilled labour. The minimum wage was fixed at Rs. 665.76 per 1000 bricks by the Minimum Wages Board, L&HR Department through its notification No.SO (DII) MW/2011(P-II) dated 14th June, 2012. Calculations of market rate reveal a higher degree of exploitation. Presently, the market rate for semi-skilled labour is Rs 400-500 per person per day, and that for un-skilled labour is Rs. 300/- per person per day. If we assume the rate for a female worker to be 2/3 rd of the market rate, and that for children to be Â˝, the wages per day for a family of 5 (1 adult male + 1 adult female + 3 children of various ages) would be (400 + 300*0.66 + 300*0.5*3) Rs. 1050/- per day. We are assuming here that the adult male is a semi-skilled worker and the adult female and the minor children are unskilled worker. It is fair to make this assumption because making of raw bricks to the desired specifications requires at least a year or two of experience. The above calculations show the scale of exploitation which debt bondage at brick kilns leads to. That a family accepts the lower rate of Rs. 300-350/- per family per day (each family would make around 1000 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1200 bricks on a good day on average) speaks of the adverse terms of incorporation in this exploitative relationship.

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1.3 P ROJECT AT A G LANCE Table 1: Project at Glance 1

PROJECT NAME

Contribute to elimination of bonded labour due to debt-bondage in the brick kilns in 4 districts of Punjab

Location

Districts of Faisalabad, Sargodha, Gujarat, Bahawalpur

Authority Responsible for

Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government of Punjab

3.i

Sponsoring

Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government of Punjab through the Annual Development Programme (ADP)

3.ii

Execution

The project is being implemented by the Labour and Human Resource Department, Government of Punjab through a Bonded Labour Cell already established at the Centre for Improvement of Working Conditions and Environment (CIWCE), in Directorate General of Labour Welfare, Punjab for an existing similar project being implemented in Lahore and Kasur districts. The other implementing partner are; 

Literacy and Non-formal Basic Education Department



Health Department



District Officers (Labour)



Micro-credit institutions



District Governments



Civil Society Organisations

3.iii

Operation & Maintenance

Social Sector

3.iv

Concerned Provincial

Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government

Department

of Punjab

Cost (Revised PC – I)

Total project cost: Rs. 196.987 million

Gestation Period (PC-I)

November 2012 – November 2018 21 | P a g e

1.4 P ROJECT O BJECTIVE AND I NTERVENTIONS Bonded labour is a complex and multi-dimensional social phenomenon. It is deep rooted in the social, economic and political milieu. Hence, any single project can at best aim at significantly contributing to the achievement of the broad objective of elimination of bonded labour in the brick kiln sector. Accordingly, the specific objective of the EBLIK-4D project is to: ‘Contribute to elimination of bonded labour due to debt-bondage in the brick kilns in 4 districts of Punjab.’ The project has thirteen components and each component consists of a set of interventions. As can be seen, the project proposes a holistic strategy and a comprehensive set of interventions to deal with this complex social issue. A list of components and interventions is given below. 1. Provision of non-formal education to children of families at brick kilns and adult literacy for other family members 2. Promotion of health and hygiene services among the brick kiln workers (women/men) 3. Provision of micro finance for workers of Brick Kiln 4. Veterinary services 5. Facilitation in acquiring of CNICs for adults, and Birth Registration of Children 6. External verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour. 7. Provision of legal services to the Brick Kiln workers. 8. Organising multi-stakeholder dialogues 9. Introduction of appropriate brick making technology 10. District based monitoring of project interventions through District Oversight Committees 11. Research studies on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target districts 22 | P a g e

12. Promotion of the achievement of the project through internet, print and electronic media 13. Mobilizing communities at brick kilns to help monitoring the project interventions and issues related to bonded labour

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1.5 P ROJECT S TAFF AS A PPROVED PC-I Project staff as approved in PC-I is as under; Table 2: Project Staff Sr. #

Position

Part/Full

BPS

No. of Posts

time 1

Project Director (ex-officio)

Part time

19/20

Programme Manager

Full time

Senior Manager Administration

Full time

& Accounts 4

Senior Manager Education

Full time

Manager Monitoring &

Full time

Evaluation 6

Manager I.T

Full time

Law Officer

Full time

Social Mobilizer

Full time

Assistant Manager Admin &

Full time

Accounts 10

Data Entry operator

Full Time

Store Keeper

Full time

Veterinary Assistant

Full time

NFE Teachers

Part Time

Fixed pay Rs. 6000 per

200

month with annual increment 10% 14

Adult Literacy Teachers

Part Time

Fixed pay Rs. 6000

Driver

Full time

Naib Qasid

Full time

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1.6 T HE E VALUATION R EPORT : P URPOSE & S TRUCTURE This evaluation report is divided into 5 different parts. The first part starts with introduction giving details about the project domain and structure of the project evaluation report. The second part of this report focuses on evaluation methodology, followed by documents review, selection of performance indicators, project site visit plan etc. The third part of the report depicts the DGM&Eâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s assessment pertaining to the actual status of the project performance against its planned objectives and data analysis based on project cost and beneficiary analysis of the project. The fourth part of report consists of observations regarding the project activities made by the evaluation team of DGM&E, P&D Department. The fifth part reflects recommendations for improvement in running process as well suggestions for the effective usage of available resources. This section addresses the suggestions for improvement in project planning and execution as well as, identifying matters requiring follow up actions. The rationale for the recommendations is clearly explained and linked with the information collected during the evaluation.

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EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT EBLIK-4D project has 13 components (PC-I) mainly to establish 200 NFEs & 40 ALCs, enrolling 6000 learners at NFEs and 1000 Adults at ALCs, facilitate in acquiring 7,000 CNICs to adult brick kiln workers, ensuring provision of health & hygiene, legal aid and veterinary services. Population Proportion sampling technique used on Unit of Analysis/outcome with 95% Confidence Interval and 5% Margin of Error. Table 3: Population Proportion sampling technique Sampling Technique

Population Proportion Sampling

Unit of Analysis

Brick Kiln Workers / families

Formula (Population proportion Sampling )

Confidence Interval

95%

Margin of Error

Population Proportion sampling technique has been used and further elaborated thoroughly in section 3.4 and its subsequent sections to calculate sample size. Population Proportion Sample Size has further been divided among 4 units (districts) on pro rata basis. Thus equal proportion of every district as per total sample size is evaluated.

26 | P a g e

Following criteria has been used to carry out evaluation of the project as elaborated in flow chart as given below.

TEAM FORMATION

PC-I REVIEW

PROJECT DOCUMENTS REVIEW

PC-IV REVIEW

OTHERS OBJECTIVES COST

IDENTIFYING PROJECT KEY INDICATORS

FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS

DURATION

SITE VISITS

PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND DATA COLLECTION

PERIODIC PHYSICAL PROGRESS REPORTS

PERIODIC FINANCIAL PROGRESS REPORTS

INTERVIEWS

PROCUREMENT RECORDS SITE SNAPS

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION PROJECT COST ANALYSIS

DGM&E ASSESSMENT

OBSERVATIONS/ RECOMMENDATION

REPORT SUBMISSION

Figure 1: Schematic Flow/ Diagram of Evaluation Process

27 | P a g e

2.1 T EAM F ORMATION Evaluation team was constituted under the patronage of Director General (M&E) in a meeting held in the office of DGM&E for evaluation of the WFCL project having expertise in project’s domain, data collection methods, data analysis and interpretation along with preparation of evaluation report. The project was assigned to Mr. Shoaib Kamran, Individual Consultant, DGM&E, P&D Department. Report Review: 

Mr. Ghazanfar Maubin ( Sr. Specialist R & D )

Project Field Visits: 

Mr. Shoaib Kamran (Individual Consultant)



Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed (Project Asst.)



Mr. Qaisir Iqbal (DG M&E Asst.)



Mr. Haroon Jamil (Project Asst.)

In-House Evaluation & Report Writing: 

Mr. Shoaib Kamran (Individual Consultant)



Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed (Project Asst.)

28 | P a g e

2.2 D OCUMENTS R EVIEW Following project documents, evaluation tools and techniques were consulted. 

Planning Commission Form-I (PC-I, Original) of the Project



DG(M&E) approved Evaluation Guidelines



https://www.punjab.gov.pk/provincialdepartments_labour_DG_labour



http://ciwce.org.pk/



http://ilo.org/islamabad/lang--en/index.htm



http://www.irispunjab.gov.pk/index.aspx

2.3 I DENTIFICATION OF K EY I NDICATORS 1) Planned Objectives vs. Achievements 2) Financial assessment (Planned Vs. Actual) I.

Cost Analysis

II.

ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases

III.

Procurement and physical verification of procured items and Comparison of Estimated VS Actual Cost

3) Project Duration (Planned gestation period vs. Actual Gestation period) 4) Input, outcome and process Analysis I.

Status of 200 NFES and 40 ALC Centers

II.

Status of Enrolment at NFE and ALC Centers

III.

ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Learners

IV.

ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Facilities

ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Teacher

VI.

Status of Health and Hygiene Services

VII.

Status of Veterinary Services

VIII.

Status of Facilitation in Acquiring new CNICs

29 | P a g e

2.4 P ROJECT S ITE V ISITS The project site visit conducted by the Evaluation Team of the Directorate General, Monitoring & Evaluation, Planning & Development Department for data collection and evaluation purposes. Table 4: Project - Bonded Labour Cell, Field Visits Sr. No.

Location / District

Date of Visit

Team Members Mr. Shoaib Kamran

Bonded Labour Cell

05 – May – 2017 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

Bonded Labour Cell

15 – Jun – 2017

Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed Mr. Shoaib Kamran

Bonded Labour Cell

06 – Jul – 2017 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed Mr. Shoaib Kamran

Gujarat

17 – Jul – 2017 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

18 – Jul – 2017

Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

19 – Jul – 2017

Mr. Qaiser Javed

Sargodha Mr. Shoaib Kamran 19 – Jul – 2017

Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

Faisalabad 20 – Jul – 2017

Mr. Qaiser Javed Mr. Shoaib Kamran 31 – Jul – 2017 7

Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

Bahawalpur 02 – Aug – 2017

Mr. Haroon Jamil Mr. Shoaib Kamran 8

SAA - CIWCE

28 – Aug – 2017 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed

30 | P a g e

2.5

I NTERVIEWS WITH P ROJECT O FFICIALS

The interviews and telephonic conversation were conducted with officials who were directly linked with this project. The detail of the officials belonging to sponsoring & executing agency is as follow . Table 5: Interviews with Project Officials

Sr. No.

Name

Designation

Mr. Rao Nasir Mehmood

Ex-Officio Project Director

Contact No.

+92 321 4248800 BPS-19 Mr. Muhammad Nazir Malik

Programme Manager

+92 300 4199516 BPS-19

Mr. Muhammad Kamran Akhtar

Sr. Manager Admin & Accounts BPS-18

Mr. Muhammad Mansha

+92 321 5347850

Sr. Manager Education

+92 345 4604015 BPS-18 Mr. Najam Us Saqib Munir

Law Officer

+92 314 6004413 BPS-17 Manager IT

Mr. Rashid Mehmood

+92 344 4121121 BPS-17

31 | P a g e

DG M& E ASSESSMENT DG M&E Assessment of EBLIK-4d project has been carried out regarding planned components, intervention and activities as mentioned in the PC-I. Planned components of the project as mentioned under the heading of ‘project overview’ and detailed interventions of each component are discussed in “project implementation strategy’. Activities of each component/intervention are described in Work Plan attached as” Annexure I” in PC-1

3.1 P LANNED COMPONENTS /I NTERVENTIONS /A CTIVITIES VS . A CHIEVED Table 6: Planned vs. Achieved Objectives Sr.

Components/

Target

Activities

Interventions

Provision of non-

08 Social Mobiliser (02

Identification of the locations

formal education

each district)

for establishing NFES & ALC

Assessment

kilns and adult

Achieved (Annexure A2)

to children of families at brick

DG M&E

6000 Children - NFES

Negotiations with brick kiln

Achieved

owners and parents for 1000 Adults - ALC

enrolment of children

literacy for other

Enrolled 10,857 Learners

family members

Enrolled 1,114 Adults 200 NFES Teachers ALC Teachers

Recruitment of teachers for

Achieved

NFES and ALC Training of teachers for NFES

Achieved

and ALC Procurement of teaching

Achieved

materials Establishment of

Achieved

200 NFES & 40 ALC

Established 200 NFES, 40 ALC 32 | P a g e

Monitoring of the performance

Partially

of children and teachers

Achieved Half of visits done (Annexure A3)

Promotion of

To carry out health and

Training of project staff

Achieved

health and

hygiene awareness

Selection of Area from the

Partially

hygiene services

campaigns in project

districts

Achieved

among the brick

areas Only Brick Kilns

kiln workers (women/men)

To provide hygiene kits

with NFEs were

to the children enrolled

selected

at NFEs

Printing & distribution of health Achieved & Hygiene awareness broachers

(Annexure B)

Health & Hygiene Camps at

Partially

selected areas

Achieved (Annexure B1)

Veterinary

To provide prevention

Recruitment of Veterinary

Partially

services

care and advisory

Assistants

Achieved

services for the 03/04 done

livestock (donkeys) of brick kilns workers

Regular Visits

Partially Achieved 50% visits done

Advisory Services

Partially Achieved Record not updated (Annexure C)

33 | P a g e

Facilitation in

7000 Adults

acquiring of CNICs

Data collection and Preparing of lists of BK workers for CNICs

(Annexure D)

for adults, and Birth Registration

Achieved

13710 Families

of Children

Awareness workshops for

Partially

mothers and birth registration

Achieved

in union council In process Registration at U/C levels &

Partially

NADRA

Achieved In process

External

Certification â&#x20AC;&#x153;Child

Selection of Specialized

verification of

labour and bondage

Organization

brick kilns for

free kilnâ&#x20AC;?

To sensitize BK owner to get

elimination of

Not Achieved

certification

bonded labour. 6

Provision of legal

Legal Aid Services for

Recruitment of Law Officer

Achieved

services to the

Assistance of Bonded

Establishment of Legal Aid

Achieved

Brick Kiln workers

Labourers

Service (Annexure E)

To investigate the complaints

Partially

of bonded labour

Achieved

Provide free legal aid assistance Partially Achieved (Annexure E1)

Capacity building of DVCs

Achieved

Organising multi-

To bring diverse groups

To organize multi-stakeholder

Partially

stakeholder

(industry, contractors,

dialogues

Achieved

dialogues

NGOs, lawyers, civil (Annexure F)

society activists) together to develop a shared understanding of

Publicize proceedings through

Not Achieved

media

the debt-bondage issue 34 | P a g e

Introduction of

Development and testing of

appropriate brick

technologies to increase prototype

Partially Achieved

making technology labour productivity (Annexure G) Improvement of design and

Partially

make it viable for field

Achieved

applications Visited Brick Kilns Production of few machines

Not Achieved (Annexure G)

District based

Monitoring of Project

Notifications of 04 DCCs from

monitoring of

Interventions

respective DCO

Achieved (Annexure H)

project interventions through District

Meetings of DCC on Regular

Partially

basis

Achieved

Oversight

(Annexure H1)

Committees 10

Research studies

Research ”to explore

Interact with academia,

Not Achieved

on the ‘Nature and the nature and

students and experts

dimensions of

dimensions of debt-

To facilitate in carrying out

bonded labour in

bondage at brick kilns”

research

Promotion of the

Availability of project

Online Database of Brick Kilns

Partially

achievement of

information for external

and activities of the project

Achieved

the project

and internal

through internet,

stakeholders

Not Achieved

brick kilns of target districts 11

Database could not be made

print and

Online

electronic media Preparation of material for

Achieved

projection Dissemination of printed

Achieved

material 35 | P a g e

Mobilization for child labour

Partially

and bonded labour free brick

Achieved

kilns

Mobilizing & raising awareness among communities

Mobilizing

Community

Establishing local committees

Partially

communities at

mobilisation at brick

at brick kilns

Achieved

brick kilns to help

kilns

Identification of

monitoring the

members in

project

process

interventions and

Monitoring of project

Partially

issues related to

interventions

Achieved

bonded labour

Mobilizing Communities Monitoring of Issues related to

Not Achieved

bonded labour Only 17 Complaints receive d at HELP Line -

36 | P a g e

3.2 F INANCIAL ASSESSMENT (P LANNED VS . A CTUAL ) I.

Yearly Cost Breakdown

II.

ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures

III.

Procurement and physical verification of procured items and COMPARISON of Estimated VS. Actual Cost

3.2.1 Y EARLY C OST B REAKDOWN

29,785,633

35,000,000

22,222,581

30,000,000

25,000,000

10,103,582.00

171,569 0 1,129,913.00 42,646 134,247

148,255 255,348

110,513 13013

2013-14

209,160

0 0 0 0.00 0 0

2012-13

123,395 32240

0 10,321 0 1,338,212.00 4,273,314 62,200

5,000,000

3,806,315

7,670,544

15,000,000

10,000,000

11,840,254.00

20,000,000

0 2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

Sum of Establishment Charges - Expenditures

Sum of Communication - Expenditures

Sum of Occupancy Cost - Expenditures

Sum of General - Expenditures

Sum of Physical Assets - Expenditures

Sum of Repair & Maintenance -Expenditures

Graph 2: Year wise Cost Breakdown

37 | P a g e

3.2.2 ADP ALLOCATION VS . A CTUAL R ELEASES & A CTUAL E XPENDITURES ADP Allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures and their Analysis is as under; Table 7: Year wise ADP Allocation vs. Actual Release % of

YEAR

ADP ALLOCATION

ACTUAL RELEASES

ACTUAL EXPENDITURE

2012-13

12.405

5.971

5.684

95.19%

2013-14

10.071

0.00%

2014-15

45.900

24.422

21.997

90.07%

2015-16

51.000

34.361

34.589

100.66%

2016-17

47.000

38.509

31.264

81.19%

166.376

103.263

93.534

90.58%

Utilizations

ADP Allocation, Actual Release Vs. Actual Expenditures ACTUAL EXPENDITURES

31.264

38.509

34.589

21.997

0.000

10.071

5.684

5.971

12.405

24.422

34.361

47.000

51.000

ACTUAL RELEASE

45.900

ADP ALLOCATIONS

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

ADP ALLOCATIONS

12.405

10.071

45.900

51.000

47.000

ACTUAL RELEASE

5.971

0.000

24.422

34.361

38.509

ACTUAL EXPENDITURES

5.684

0.000

21.997

34.589

31.264

Graph 3: ADP Allocations vs. Actual Release & Expenditures

38 | P a g e

3.2.3 P ROCUREMENT AND P HYSICAL V ERIFICATION OF I TEMS Procurements are within estimate in PC-1 and Physical verification of the following items has been done and pictures are attached in (Annexure H) Table 8: Procurement and Physical Verification EBLIK-4D Procurement of Physical Assets No. of Sr. No.

Item

Actual

Items

Rate per Item

(PC-1)

Total Cost (PC-1)

No. of

Rate per

Actual Cost in

Variance

Items

Item

Rs.

Amount

4 Laptop & 5 Desk top Computers and other .1.

accessories

1,295,000

1.1.

laptop Computer

1.2.

Desktop

1.3.

Desktop

.2.

Printer for Office

50,000

100,000

1,332,060

(37,060)

166,140

664,560

146,250

292,500

93,750

375,000

69,600

139,200

(39,200) 39 | P a g e

.3.

Printers for Field office

.4.

Machinery & Equipment

UPS

25,000

100,000

35,749

1,170,000

142,996

(42,996)

1,519,202

(349,202)

24,305

97,220

UPS with batteries

41,652

UPS with batteries

71,224

39,076

Fax Machine

39,076

Photocopier

396,600

Air Conditioner

121,800

243,600

Scanner

10,881

Electric Heater

3,995

15,980

Projector

133,029

40 | P a g e

133,029

.5.

Generator

453,960

Dispenser

15,980

Furniture & Fixture

2,071,000

453,960

15,980

2,272,200

(201,200)

Executive Chairs

20,414

81,656

Officers Chairs

15,448

123,584

office

24,200

338,800

Visitors chairs field

4,000

64,000

File Cabinet

20,700

41,400

File Cabinet wooden

10,600

21,200

378,160

1,512,640

Visitors Chairs Officers

Executive Tables with side rack

41 | P a g e

Filed Officer tables

11,115

88,920

500,000

.6.

Software

.7.

Toyota Hilux

2,500,000

.8.

Suzuki Cultus

1,100,000

.9.

Motorcycle

105,000

945,000

1,274,000

(329,000)

9,781,000

98,000

6,679,658

3,101,342

42 | P a g e

2,500,000

Procurement of Physical Assets: PC - I Total Cost vs Actual Total Cost

500,000

142,996

100,000

500,000

139,200

1,100,000

1,274,000

100,000

1,000,000

945,000

1,519,202

1,170,000

1,500,000

1,295,000

Rs.

2,000,000

1,332,060

2,500,000

2,272,200

2,071,000

3,000,000

4 Laptop & 5 Desk top Computers and other accessories

Furniture & Fixture

Machinery & Equipment

Motorcycle

Printer for Office

Printers for Field office

Softwear

Suzuki Cultus

Toyota Hilux

(blank)

PC-I Total Cost

1,295,000

2,071,000

1,170,000

945,000

100,000

500,000

1,100,000

2,500,000

Actual Total Cost

1,332,060

2,272,200

1,519,202

1,274,000

139,200

142,996

Graph 4: Procurement of Physical Assets

43 | P a g e

3.3 P ROJECT D URATION Project initial gestation period is 72 months (November 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; November 2018).

3.4 P ROCESS A NALYSIS EBLIK-4D project has 13 components (PC-I). Deliverables are to establish 200 NFES & 40 ALC, enrolling 6000 learners at NFES and 1000 Adults at ALC, facilitate in acquiring 7,000 CNICs to adult brick kiln workers, ensuring provision of health & hygiene, legal aid and veterinary services. Population Proportion sampling technique used on Unit of Analysis/outcome with 95% Confidence Interval and 5% Margin of Error.

3.4.1 S TATUS OF 200 NFES AND 40 ALC

NFES Status No. of NFEs - Functional

No. of NFEs - Non Functional. 13

Bahwalpur

Faisalabad

Gujarat

Sargodha

No. of NFEs - Non Functional.

No. of NFEs - Functional

Graph 5: NFE Centers Current Status EBLIK-4D team had to establish and sustain 50 NFES in each project districts during the project period. After review of documents DG M&E team found that 82 NFE Centres (41 %) out of total target of 200 have been non-functional due to mainstreaming of enrolled learners into formal schools till May 31, 2017. All 40 ALCs have been closed after completing 06 months cycle 44 | P a g e

3.4.2 S TATUS OF E NROLMENT AT NFES AND ALC EBLIK-4D team had enroll 10, 857 learners against target of 6,000 (as per PC-I) in 200 NFES at 04 districts during the project period. Total number of enrolled learners and gender segregation is given below. Status of NFE Learners enrollment from date of establishment till May 31, 2017 is asunder;

1463

1222

1230

2000

1377

NFE LEARNERS

2500

1500

2590

2423

3000

2889

3500

2955

NFES Learners Enrollment Status

1000 500 0

Bahawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujrat

Sargodha

Sum of Female

1222

1230

1377

1463

Sum of Enrolled Learners

2423

2590

2889

2955

Graph 6: NFE Learners Enrollment Status District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment from date of establishment

District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment

Sargodha 27% Gujrat 27%

Bahawalpur 22% Faisalabad 24%

Graph 7: District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment 45 | P a g e

But currently 2,648 NFE learners are enrolled at 118 functional NFE Centres as on May 31, 2017 is asunder; Status of NFE Learners enrollment as on May 31, 2017 is asunder;

NFE Learners Enrollment - Current Status 1106

501 218

400

568

800 600

898

838 538

422

NFE LEARNERS

1000

459

1200

416

439

283

200 0

Bahawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujrat

Sargodha

Sum of Enrolled Learners

501

1106

838

898

Sum of Male

218

568

422

459

Sum of Female

283

538

416

439

Graph 8: NFE Learners Enrollment â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Current Status Current District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment as on May 31, 2017 is as under;

District wise Proportionalte of NFE Learners Enrollment Bahawalpur 15% Sargodha 27%

Gujrat 25%

Faisalabad 33%

Graph 9: District wise proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment

46 | P a g e

EBLIK-4D team had to establish 10 ALC in each project districts during the project period for a period of 06 months with total target to enroll 1,000 adult learners. EBLIK-4D team had enrolled 1,114 adults in project respective districts. Details of enrolled adult learners of each Cycle are as under; Table 9: Enrollment at ALCs

Sr. #

District

Cycle

Enrollment of ALCs

Verified

Gujarat

Cycle 1

243

Faisalabad

Cycle 1

194

Sargodha

Cycle 1

238

Bahawalpur

Cycle 1

222

Sargodha

Cycle 2

217

1,114

ALC Enrollment Status is as under;

Adult Literacy Centers Enrollment Status 300

Numbers

250

243

222

238

217

194

200 150 100 50 0

Total

Cycle 1

Bahawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujrat

222

194

243

Cycle 1

Cycle 2 Sargodha

238

217

Graph 10: ALCS Enrollment at DG M&E team could not visit any ALC as all 40 ALCs have been closed after completing 06 months cycle. 47 | P a g e

When brick kiln workers were asked about enrollment of their children at NFEs? 120 105

101

Brick Kiln Workers

100

YES 40 15

0 Bhawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujarat

Sargodha

Graph 11: Children enrollment at brick kilns When brick kiln workers were asked about support of their children support in their work

Children support in work at brick kiln Sum of Answer - YES 107

Sum of Answer - NO

107

68 53

Bhawalpur

Faisalabad

3 Gujarat

6 Sargodha

Graph 12: Children support in work at brick kilns 48 | P a g e

3.4.3 A SSESSMENT OF NFES AND ALC - L EARNERS For Assessment of sample size of 336, currently enrolled learners was selected; Table 10: Sample Size Sr.

Margin of

Confidence Sample

Population Size

Error

Level

Proportion

Sample Size

2,648

95%

50%

336

Table 11: Sample Size (District wise Distribution)

Sr.

Enrollment

Migrated

of NFEs

NFEs

Currently

% of

Mainstreamed

Enrolled

Verified

District

Learners

NFEs Learners

Learners

Gujarat

838

166

580

21.90%

Faisalabad

1,106

130

962

36.33%

122

Sargodha

898

117

774

29.23%

Bahawalpur

501

141

332

12.54%

3,343

554

141

2648

100%

336

After that during field visits DG M&E team had randomly selected and visited 17 NFEs (Annexure J) established and currently functional under EBLIK-4D Project in respective districts.

49 | P a g e

Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) as under;

NFE Learners

Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

87 70 52 30

20 7

10 5

Bahawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujrat

Sargodha

NFE Learners Class One

NFE Learners Class Two

NFE Learners Class Three

NFE Learners Class Fourth

Graph 13: Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) Assessment of NFE Learners and the average of obtained marks are as under;

Assessment of NFES Learners 30.00 25.00

25.00

Marks

20.00

18.62

20.47

19.32

19.72

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00

Bhawalpur

Faisalabad

Gujarat

Sargodha

Average of Total Marks

25.00

Average of Obtained Marks

18.62

20.47

19.32

19.72

Graph 14: Assessment of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) As at the time of visit of DG M&E Team all 40 ALCs have been completed their cycle and closed so no assessment of adult learners was done 50 | P a g e

3.4.4 A SSESSMENT - OF NFES AND ALC - F ACILITIES Assessment of NFES and ALC Facilites in respective districts are as under;

Assessment of NFES - Facilities 12 10

10 8 8

3 2

2 2

0 0 9

10 Bhawalpur

Faisalabad Total Marks -

Gujarat Obtained Marks -

Sargodha Learning Enviroment -

Graph 15: Assessment Non Formal Education Centers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Facilities Noteworthy are the marks of NFEs Learning Environment (out of five). It clearly indicates to improve remarkably the learning environment at Non-Formal Education Centers. Bonded Labour Cell should develop and implement standard with key focus on early child education facilities for the children of brick kilns workers.

51 | P a g e

3.4.5 A SSESSMENT OF NFES - T EACHER Assessment of NFE – Teachers is as under; 1.2

Axis Title

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

Bhawalpur

Count of Category C

Faisalabad

Count of Category A Count of Category B

1 1

Sargodha

1 1

Gujarat 1

1 1

Graph 16: Teachers Assessment of NFE Centers During assessment of NFE T teachers every teacher’s obtained marks were out of total marks 10. Percentage marks of each teacher were calculated and graded as under; 

Category A: Above 80% or 0.8



Category B: Above 60% or 0.6 but below 80% or 0.8



Category C: Above 50% or 0.4 but below 60% or 0.6

It clearly shows that quality of teachers is good and satisfactory.

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3.4.6 S TATUS OF H EALTH AND H YGIENE S ERVICES Impact Assessment of EBLIK project statesâ&#x20AC;? In discussions with the assessment team, a majority of stakeholders articulated the need for a health and hygiene component as one of the potential areas of interventions where the project could focus in future. In taking on health as an additional component, the assessment team recommends developing a clear focus in terms of project strategy with emphasis on the linkage building with existing services delivery mechanisms as opposed to a direct service delivery mechanism. Related to this, the project can explore complimentary initiatives including hygiene component as an awareness raising initiativeâ&#x20AC;?. Based on this analysis the BLC will carry out health and hygiene awareness campaigns in the project areas As during project planning and design neither specific target nor any verifiable indicators had been mentioned in PC-I for monitoring & evaluation. DG ME team on the basis of given data of direct beneficiaries through in-house data analysis set the sample size for the field visits and verified as under; Table 12: Sample Size Total

Margin

Confidence Sample

Sample

Sr. #

Population of Error

Level

Proportion Size

6,043

95%

50%

362

Table 13: Sample Size (District wise Distribution)

Total Hygiene Kits Sr. #

District

Distributed

Verified

Gujarat

1,429

Faisalabad

1,650

Sargodha

1,575

Bahawalpur

1.389

6,043

362

Total

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It was observed that NO identifiable indicator /target of Health & Hygiene services was mentioned either narrating PC-I nor in “Implementation Strategy”. When asked about attending medical camps on health and hygiene services out of total 362 respondents 245 replied “yes” and 117 said “ no”.

Have you ever attended any medical camp on health and hygiene services organised by EBLIK-4D team?

No32%

Yes68%

Graph 17: Medical camp on health & hygiene

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When asked about receiving health & hygiene kits by their children at NFEs out of total 362 respondents 267 (74%) responded “yes” and 95 (26%) said “ no”.

Have your children received any health and hygiene kits at NFE School?

No. 26%

Yes. 74%

Analysis clearly indicates improvement in process of health & hygiene services delivery for the children of brick kiln workers. Graph 18: Health & Hygiene Kits Distribution When asked about effectiveness of health & hygiene services delivered kits by EBLIK-4D team out of total 267 respondents 90 (34%) replied “satisfied, 113 (42%) replied “ moderately satisfied” and 65 (24%) said “not satisfied”

How do you describe the effectiveness of health & hygiene services? Satisfied.

Moderately Satisfied.

24%

Not Satisfied.

34%

42%

Graph 19: Effectiveness of Health & Hygiene Services 55 | P a g e

3.4.7 S TATUS OF V ETERINARY S ERVICES Veterinary Assistants will be recruited for this project. These would visit the brick kilns and provide preventive care and advisory services for the livestock of brick kiln workers and establish their linkage with the locally available facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department. AS no verifiable indicator/target was set for the â&#x20AC;&#x153;provision of veterinary servicesâ&#x20AC;? for the livestock of brick kiln workers so sample size (360) was taken same of the families who have got facilitated in acquiring CNIC. Data may be referred from Table 16 and Table 17.

Live stock No.

Yes.

243 Do you have any livestock? 117

Graph 20: Live Stock

Do you have any livestock? Yes. 32% No. 68%

Graph 21: Live Stock -Analysis It was observed that as only 32% of total brick kiln families have livestock.

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It was found through review of documents that EBLIK-4d team had provided veterinary services to 1,691 beneficiaries. DG M&E team has selected 1,691 as its population size for calculating proportional sample size 314 and further data analysis. Table 14: Sample Size Confidence

Sample

Sr. #

Total Population

Margin of Error

Level

Proportion

Sample Size

1,691

95%

50%

314

Table 15: Sample Size (District wise Distribution)

Sr. #

District

Provision of Veterinary Services

Verified

Gujarat

309

Faisalabad

542

101

Sargodha

514

Bahawalpur

326

1,691

314

Total

When brick kiln workers were interviewed about visits of veterinary assistants.

Veterinary Services No.

Yes.

246

Does veterinary assistant visit your brick kiln regularly?

Graph 22: Visits of Veterinary Assistants 57 | P a g e

Only 68 (21.66%) beneficiaries responded that visits regularly (once in a month).and 246 (78.34%) responded that do not visit regularly. When brick kiln workers were interviewed about their satisfaction level about the provision of veterinary services.

Are you satisfied from the services of veterinary assistant?

Satisfied. 22%

Not Satisfied. 65%

Moderately Satisfied. 13%

Graph 23: Quality of Veterinary Services When 314 beneficiaries to whom veterinary assistants have provided their services when asked about their level of satisfaction on only 68 (21.66%) responded “satisfied”, 41 (13.06%) responded “moderately satisfied” and 205 (65.29%) responded “not satisfied”.

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3.4.8 S TATUS OF F ACILITATION IN A CQUIRING NEW CNIC S An important impediment in access to various social welfare services by brick kiln labour is the nonissuance of Computerized National Identity Cards (CNIC). Three factors inhibit acquisition of CNICs by the kiln labour: 1) the labour is migratory; 2) the labour finds it difficult to get attestations on their application forms; and 3) the time and travel costs involved. DG ME team on the basis of given data of direct beneficiaries through in-house data analysis set the sample size for the field visits and verified as under; Table 16: Sample Size Sr.

Margin of

Confidence

Sample

Total Population

Error

Level

Proportion

Size

5,535

95%

50%

360

Table 17: Sample Size (District wise Distribution)

Sr. #

District

Total Issued

Verified CNIC

Gujarat

861

Faisalabad

1,753

114

Sargodha

1,135

Bahawalpur

1,786

116

5,535

360

Total

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When asked brick kiln workers about acquiring CNICs of adult family members

Have all adult members of your family acquired their CNIC? Yes.

No.

258 Have all adult members of your family acquired their CNIC? 102

Graph 24: CNIC Acquired by Adult Family Members When asked about access to social services after acquiring CNICs

Access to Social Service after acquiring CNIC 250 203

Axis Title

200 150 100

Yes. 55

No.

0 Have you received access to any social service after acquiring CNIC by facilitation of EBLIK-4D team? Axis Title

Graph 25: Access to Social Services through CNIC Out of 258 respondents who have acquired their CNICs through facilitation of EBLIK-4D team when asked about their access to social services after acquiring CNICs 203 (78.68%) responded “yes” and 55 (21.32%) responded “no”.

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OBSERVATIONS Observations regarding the project interventions are given in the subsequent paragraphs: OVERALL/ GENERAL The project was conceived with a total of cost of Rs. 196.987 million with a gestation period of 72 months i.e. 2012-2018. The project is due to complete on 30th November, 2018. 1. The component of “provision of micro-finance services” has not been provided in PC-I but need to be revised as per recommendations of 54 evaluation report of EBLIK project. 2. No verifiable indicators/targets had been set for provision of health and hygiene services, veterinary services in PC-I which are seriously affecting implementation and monitoring of such interventions. 3. Intervention of external verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour had been designed and implementation strategy also elaborated while there was no such specialized agency available at any level 4. Veterinary assistants could not establish proper linkages between brick kilns workers and locally available facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department 5. It was observed that “The Cell will develop elaborate system of M&E for all interventions as discussed above” but position of Manager M&E remained vacant since long. 6. Intervention of provision of non-formal education to children of families at brick kilns and adult literacy for other family members but ignored the factors of early child education and psycho-socio capacity building of adults. 7. Recruitment of social mobilizers’ was gender challenging due to lack of proper mobility services while the main target community of the project are brick kiln workers their families & children. 8. Promotion of the achievements of the project interventions through internet, print and electronic media was done partially 9. District Coordination Committees (DCC) has been established and notifications issued but after implementation of new Local Government Ordinance these should be revised accordingly

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10. Yet no Research studies on the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target districts either commissioned or completed 11. Little efforts had been made for development, introduction of labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making technology 12. Little efforts made for mobilizing communities at brick kilns to establish and help monitoring the project interventions and issues related to bonded labour. 13. Database yet to be made online but available in soft format which is less resourceful to review and test its input, process and output 14. It was observed that performance of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Legal Aid Service Unitâ&#x20AC;? had been at low level

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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. It is recommended to discuss and review “Provision of micro finance for workers of Brick Kiln” in DDSC meeting and state clear directions for its status in revised PC-I. 2. It is recommended to set targets with verifiable indicators for provision of health and hygiene services, veterinary services in revised PC-I for smooth implementation and monitoring of such interventions 3. It is strongly recommended to review following areas in project design, “External verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour” and revise it in (PC-I) 4. BLC should strengthen liaison and enhance its coordination with other government departments to establish linkage between brick kiln workers & families with the locally available social services and facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department 5. BLC should develop & implement M&E System having Result Based Monitoring (RBM) indicators set for every intervention and as a whole for the project in revised PC-I for effective and efficient implementation, reporting and controlling of the project. 6. It is recommended to review provision of non-formal education considering the factor of early child education and psycho-socio capacity building of adults 7. As families and children are major stakeholders and almost all NFE teachers are females so it is strongly recommend hiring of female social mobilizers with full facilitation of mobility services 8. It is highly recommended to emphasize promotion of the achievements of the project interventions through interment, print and electronic media 9. Recodifications of DCCs should be done as per new Local Government Ordinance for effective and efficient district based monitoring and evaluation of project interventions. 10. Research studies should be commissioned and completed on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target districts’ 11. As technology brings social change more efficiently so effective efforts should be made for development, introduction of labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making technology. 12. It is recommended to develop effective, efficient and gender sensitive social mobilization strategy for mobilizing communities at brick kilns to help monitoring the project interventions and issues related to bonded labour. 63 | P a g e

13. It is very strongly recommended to develop online database/management information system (MIS) and implement it fully for effective and efficient project control (monitoring) & periodic evaluation of project interventions, reporting and disseminating of project outcomes, achievements and lessons learned. 14. BLC should review implementation strategy of “ Legal Aid Service Unit” and reinvent as real time “access to justice” for victims and survivors of bonded labour across all over the province 15. BLC should start a consultative process with all stakeholders to design and conduct on job training and development for human resource of EBLIK-4D project for impact oriented sustainability of project interventions. 16. It is strongly recommended that BLC should have updated record of brick kilns in four project districts and rectify all information of Geo Tagging by The Urban Unit, PUNJAB Brick Kilns Census, available on official web portals 17. BLC should include the component of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the brick kiln workers and their families

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A NNEXURE A1: D IRECTIONS OF THE A PEX C OURT In 2006, the Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan in the Human Right case No, 5091 issued Orders for combating bonded labour. The Court has issues directions to be observed by various stakeholders. The main directions of the Supreme Court are: 

The Chief Secretaries have been directed to get all brick kilns registered through the Labour Departments.



Brick kiln owners have been directed to keep a record of their workforce and provide it to the respective Labour Officers and notify whenever there is a change in the workforce.



The Labour Officers shall visit the brick kilns from time to time and if any incidence of bonded labour found it has to be brought to the knowledge of the DPO, DCO and the Nazim of the District.



The provincial government can seek assistance form Free Legal Aid Committees of the Provincial bar Councils.



The Court has observed that Police has not paid due attention to the bonded labour problem. The DPOs have been directed to issue standing instructions to the SHOs to keep an eye on the brick kilns in their areas and proceed against the delinquent employers to ensure that the fundamental rights of the citizens as guaranteed by the Constitution are given to the workers in this sector.



The Chief Secretaries have been asked to launch a campaign in their respective provinces using the concerned agencies (Section 9 of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992) to publicise these Orders and mobilise the concerned stakeholders on bonded labour.



The Chief Secretaries have also been asked to ensure that the law is implemented in letter and spirit in their respective provinces so that bonded labour is controlled.

In a meeting (Chaired by the Chief Secretary, Punjab) to review the implementation of these Orders, the Chair had directed that a project be launched to make the brick kiln sector in Lahore and Kasur free of bonded labour.

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A NNEXURE A2: I DENTIFICATION OF THE LOCATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING NFE S & ALC S

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A NNEXURE A3: M ONITORING OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN AND TEACHERS

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A NNEXURE B: P RINTING & DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH & H YGIENE AWARENESS BROACHERS

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A NNEXURE B1: H EALTH & H YGIENE C AMPS AT SELECTED AREAS

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A NNEXURE C: P ERFORMA FOR P ROVIDING V ETERINARY S ERVICES

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A NNEXURE D: D ATA C OLLECTION FOR P ROVIDING CNIC S

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A NNEXURE E: E STABLISHMENT OF L EGAL A ID S ERVICE U NIT

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A NNEXURE E1: P ROVIDED F REE L EGAL A ID A SSISTANCE

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A NNEXURE F: M ULTI -S TAKEHOLDERS D IALOGUES

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A NNEXURE G: B RICK M AKING T ECHNOLOGY

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A NNEXURE H: N OTIFICATIONS OF DCC S

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A NNEXURE H1: M EETINGS OF DCC S

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A NNEXURE I: P ROCUREMENT OF P HYSICAL A SSETS

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A NNEXURE J: NFE C ENTRES V ISITED Sr.

District

Centre Code Teacher Name

Qualification

Previous Teaching Experience

Gujarat (04 NFEs) 1

Gujarat

Ms. Muniba Arif

F.A

02 Years

Gujarat

Ms. Sidra Mehboob

B.A

02 Years

Gujarat

Ms. Sana Ishaq

F.A

01 Year

Gujarat

Ms. Hina Almas

F.A

01 Year

Sargodha (06 NFEs) 5

Sargodha

Ms. Kishwar Rani

F.A

01 Year

Sargodha

Ms. Shaheen Riaz

F.A

02 Years

Sargodha

Ms. Faiqa Arif

Matric

N/A

Sargodha

Ms. Rizwana Muzaffar

M. A History

N/A

Sargodha

Ms. Asifa Munir

Matric

N/A

Sargodha

Ms. Saira Shaheen

M.A Education N/A

Ms. Shagufta

B.A, B. Ed,

Faisalabad (04 NFEs) 11

Faisalabad

02 Years

M.A History 12

Faisalabad

Ms. Rabia Basri

B.A

02 Years

Faisalabad

Ms. Madiha Kanwal

M. Ed

02 Years

Faisalabad

Ms. Bushra Rasool

B.A, B. Ed

04 Years

Bahawalpur (03 NFEs) 15

Bahawalpur

Ms. Nadia Kalsoom

Matric

N/A

Bahawalpur

Ms. Siraj Ahmad

F.A

01 Year

Bahawalpur

Ms. Maria Hanif

M.A Arabic

04 Years

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ÂŠ Directorate General of Monitoring and Evaluation, Planning and Development Department, Govt. of Punjab. (JANUARY, 2018) Soft form of the report and corresponding MOM may download from www.dgmepunjab.gov.pk 81 | P a g e