Fuzzy Integral With Particle Swarm Optimization for a Motor Motor-Imagery Imagery-Based Brain–Computer Interface
Abstract: A brain-computer computer interface (BCI) system using elec elec-troencephalography troencephalography signals provides a convenient means of communication between the human brain and a computer. Motor imagery (MI), in which motor actions are mentally rehearsed without engaging in actual physical execution, has been widely used as a major BCI approach. One robust algorithm that can successfully cope with the individual differences in MI-related related rhythmic patterns is to create diverse ensemble classifiers using the subband common spatial pattern (SBCSP) method. To aggregate outputs of ensemble members, this sstudy tudy uses fuzzy integral with particle swarm optimization (PSO), which can regulate subject-specific subject parameters for the assignment of optimal confidence levels for classifiers. The proposed system combining SBCSP, fuzzy integral, and PSO exhibits robust performance rformance for offline single single-trial classification of MI and real-time time control of a robotic arm using MI. This paper represents the first attempt to utilize fuzzy fusion technique to attack the individual differences problem of MI applications in real-world noisy environments. The results of this study demonstrate the practical feasibility of implementing the proposed method for real real-world world applications.