IDA Global Connections - Spring 2021 by International Desalination and Reuse Association

Spring 2021

IDA GLOBAL

CONNECTIONS

An interview with Ms. Marta Verde CEO of GS Inima

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 | MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL

40 | FAVORITE PAPERS: CHAPTER TWO

6 | MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

62 | IDA NEWS

ʞ IDA TALKS

8 | COVER STORY:

ʞ IDA-SWCC DTRI INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN DESALINATION

NON-CONVENTIONAL WATER SOLUTIONS TO OFFSET GLOBAL WATER SCARCITY

14 | EXECUTIVE INSIGHT:

ʞ IDA-SWCC DTRI OCEAN BRINE MINING FOR DESALINATION CONFERENCE

18 | UTILITY LEADER INSIGHTS:

ʞ PUB-IDA BUSINESS FORUM ON DESALINATION AND WATER REUSE

24 | SAWPA’S INLAND EMPIRE BRINE: AN ENGINE

ʞ MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS OF DESALINATION - WEBINAR

WASTE IS A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION SWCC’S VISION FOR THE FUTURE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH

ʞ IDA 2021 WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING CONFERENCE

28 | FINANCE CORNER:

FOR WHAT IT’S WORTH: FINANCING WATER REUSE

32 | R&D SPOTLIGHT:

REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN THE RAS AL KHAIR PLANT

36 | RENEWABLE DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES:

SUPPORTING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER

ʞ IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS IN SYDNEY ʞ IDA INNOVATION FORUM 88 | IDA AFFILIATE CORNER: UPDATE ON THE

AMERICAN MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION

91 | IDA EVENTS / PARTNER EVENTS 92 | IDA WELCOMES NEW MEMBERS

IDA Global Connections is published quarterly. The views expressed in articles contributed to IDA Global Connections are not necessarily the views of the International Desalination Association. IDA assumes no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts and/or artwork.

Editorial Director Shannon McCarthy Editorial Inquiries +1-978-774-0959 info@idadesal.org Sponsorship Inquiries +1-978-774-0959 sponsorships@idadesal.org This publication is produced on recycled paper in support of sustainability

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL Dear Members and Colleagues, I am so pleased to celebrate the third anniversary of IDA Global Connections with this Spring 2021 issue! IDA is proud to publish this quarterly magazine, featuring ever-insightful and innovative work from experts, industry leaders, and researchers – all committed to creating a more sustainable future. In this issue, we are honored to feature an interview with Ms. Marta Verde, CEO of GS Inima, on non-conventional water solutions that combat global water scarcity. GS Inima has made notable strides in the desalination industry, optimizing energy consumption and boasting a deep knowledge of the technical and corporate realities of the water sector. Ms. Verde has been working in the industry since 1996, and we are pleased to share her expertise and knowledge with you. 4

The articles in this issue are an exceptional resource for readers of Connections, bringing leaders' perspectives throughout the water sector to your fingertips. H.E. Eng. Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Al-Abdulkareem, the Governor of SWCC, writes on SWCC's vision for the future with a passionate commitment to desalination innovation; Mr. Jeff Mosher, General Manager of SAWPA, writes on SAWPA" s inland empire brine line, a fascinating and unique salinity management resource; Ms. Nicole Richards, the CEO of Allonnia, writes on how "waste is a failure of imagination," showcasing how Allonnia's inspiring mantra draws inspiration from nature's potential to save the planet; Ms. Lydia Whyatt, Managing Director of Resonance Asset Management, writes on the financial realities of water reuse, laying out the challenges of commercial structures and how these can be overcome; Dr. Chris Fellows and Eng. Fredrich Alt presents the

reduced carbon footprint in the Ras Al Khair plant. Kim Shugar, the American Membrane Technology Association's Executive Director, updates readers on AMTA's innovation and research, even in the face of COVID-19's profound challenges. We are pleased to present another chapter of our Favorite Papers to our readers. Five veterans of the water sector have curated timeless research on behalf of our readers, with subjects ranging from reverse osmosis, desalination in Dubai, MED units, chemical-based innovation, and the kinetics of calcium carbonate deposit formations. This section is truly an education unto itself! IDA is also happy to announce its partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy's Waves to Water and Solar Desalination Prizes. I am delighted to see how these competitions foster innovation and community in entrepreneurs, researchers, and leaders of the water sector's future. It is an exciting time to be part of this fantastic project! We are also pleased to announce the PUB- IDA Business Forum webinar on June 29th. IDA is a longstanding PUB-SIWW Strategic Partner, dating back to the inauguration of SIWW.

Energy and Environment Committee and the Desalination Technology Research Institute of SWCC. This webinar is the first in a series of webinars aimed to address environmental issues. I would be remiss if I failed to mention one of our most exciting new initiatives: IDA Talks. These short videos share knowledge on desalination, water reuse, recycling, and relevant energy solutions. They are a great way to stay connected to the water sector in these days of remote work and travel limitations. Share your knowledge by submitting an idea for a talk to info@ idadesal.org! With three upcoming conferences and the 2022 World Congress, we look forward to the opportunity to see you soon in one of our upcoming online or in-person programs. Check out the options to submit your extended abstract to participate one of these dynamic technical programs. These contributions are meant to spark your curiosity, provoke critical thought, and inspire you. Please read, enjoy, and share with family and friends! A sustainable future depends on all of us.

Likewise, we are excited to announce the upcoming webinar addressing the Sincerely, myths and misconceptions of desalination organized in partnership with the IDA

Shannon K. McCarthy IDA Secretary General 5

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear members, I am pleased to share this Spring Issue of IDA Global Connections, stressing that rarely have we witnessed such a special and ideal moment to press forward with sustainable development, enhance the value of water and transform the sector from the side of the citizens. This message applies to almost all countries, which have failed to do their homework to achieve the water challenges. According to the United Nations, countries are not moving fast enough to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, and of course, we will not achieve SDG 6 with respect to water and sanitation.

environmental objectives of the framework directive and we need sustainable water management to guarantee a balance between the demand for water resources, on which our growth model depends, and respect for the environment. The fundamental idea is balance. Globally, we are now in a situation that presents opportunities to accelerate progress and achieve this balance between water security and environmental protection.

In 2015 the water sector received with jubilation, the news of the 2030 agenda and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For the first time, water was included as an independent, autonomous objective, with its own substantivity and separate from The European Union says that we are not the general objective of the environment. And progressing fast enough to achieve the this is precisely due to its cross-cutting nature, 6

because if progress is not made on SDG 6, the goal on water, it is impossible to make progress on practically all of the other SDGs, from poverty eradication to food security, education and environmental protection. If progress is not made on SDG 6, the rest of the 2030 Agenda will suffer, because water has now taken a prominent position in the multilateral political agenda, that it did not have before and it has begun to be included in the agendas not only of environment ministers, but also of economy and finance ministers, as was previously the case with the climate change agenda, as our minister is well aware. In parallel, climate change was advancing, and we saw water, its sustainable use, regeneration and care positioned at the center of the climate fight, taking on more and more weight and attracting more and more attention, because climate change exacerbates scarcity (with more droughts and less rainfall) and the risk of floods. I firmly believe that only with political will and public awareness will we be able to give water the value it deserves and make progress. Preserving our resources and finding new ways to generate them should be high on the social and political agendas of every country on the planet. It is time to act, and to move from words to action.

And I would like to end with two points that I feel are crucial to complement the development of the sector, and that you have already heard me mention on several occasions: training and education of citizens in the use of water, and investment in technology and innovation. All those topics, together with new technologies in desalination and water reuse and recycling, will be discuss in our biennial IDA 2021 International Water Reuse and Recycling Conference in Rome, Italy, and in the IDA 2022 World Congress in Sydney, Australia. In this new issue, you will find all updates of both conferences. I encourage you to join us in developing new ideas and partnerships around new water resources. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation are human rights recognized by the United Nations. We cannot downplay their importance, because guaranteeing these rights is a matter of survival and dignity. I hope you enjoy reading this special issue of IDA Global Connections. Best regards and see you soon.

Carlos Cosin IDA President

COVER STORY

Non-Conventional Water Solutions to Offset Global Water Scarcity An interview with Ms. Marta Verde, CEO of GS Inima

How long have you been in the water How do you see the desalination and sector and serving as CEO of GS water reuse market in Latin America, Inima? where GS Inima is quite active? I have been working in the sector since 1996 and as CEO in GS Inima since December 2015.

Latin America market is a challenging market with plenty of needs. Emerging economies are demanding more water resources, and in some other countries, there is still a relevant increase of basic sanitary systems to be completed.

What is your vision of the new water era and the role of non-conventional water solutions to offset global water scarcity? A boost from LATAM governments is I believe in the water sector; there has been a considerable advance in conventional technologies in efficiency. Now is the era of resource optimization not only in water but in all-natural resources. The water challenge will be based on creating this efficiency through a circular economy based on water reuse where the wastewater will become a resource instead of a waste. Wastewater to become a primary source of drinking water will require a change in the current regulations and a great effort from the governments to change the public perception on projects aimed at providing people with reused drinking water.

necessary so that populations from different countries understand that water is a basic necessity and there is no possible economic development or prosperity without it. In addition, it is essential to provide political stability and an adequate legal framework to investors (foreign or local). In this way, long-term projects (3P or other) will be feasible and bankable. A good example is Brazil, where the new legal framework for sanitation, approved in 2020, strengthens legal and regulatory security, promotes greater participation by the private sector, and consequently brings great prospects to the market

Now that GS Inima has got several significant contracts in the Middle East, a booming market, what would you say are the key areas of Microplastics and sludge treatment excellence GS Inima has to meet the are also a challenge for technology region’s needs? Definitely, wastewater and re-utilization should be addressed from an integrated management point of view.

nowadays. 10

Gs Inima has excellent technical and financial expertise in concessions. Our main activity is based on that, so we know how to optimize the concession parameters to provide a competitive tariff.

Not surprisingly, the GS Inima R + D + I department currently has several projects under development in this regard, such as FOWE project, a process based on Forward Osmosis to produce drinking water from two waste:

Technical expertise has provided us a vast capability to optimize energy consumption. The most recent experience in Atacama desalination plant shows that we easily beat the barrier of 2.8Kw/m3

Brine and wastewater. OSCAR project, a process to eliminate the organic matter from the sludge produced by WWTP. PRONOX project a high rate activated sludge process to reduce the energy consumption in WWTP and the more recent ROWSIP project, a new conception design of desalination facility of high efficiency and reduced CAPEX.

In addition to such technical knowledge, we must, of course, add that GS Inima participates in all stages of the concessional model, i.e., SPV, EPC, and O&M, which allows us a global and deep knowledge of the business to act on all its different parts. Finally, the fact that our shareholder is GS E&C allows us to have access to Korean financing at very advantageous conditions.

Efficiency and waste reduction are a challenge for the sector, and Companies are focused on that.

Do you see a need for associations like the IDA to advocate for new policies that would promote greater water sustainability? If so, what suitable types of policies?

In summary, experience, financing, and technical knowledge to optimize construction and operating costs are the keys to success.

How do you see the future trends of the sector? The water sector, like any other, is increasingly focused on cost reduction and the use of alternative energies. Waste reduction is also a challenge in the market.

Undoubtedly, associations such as IDA, to which GS Inima has been a proud member for many years, must be the promoters of development and more sustainable and rational use of water. The promotion of policies and the share of knowledge at favoring, among others, the reuse of water as a viable alternative for drinking water in those countries where there is scarcity should be a must for IDA. 11

What advice would you give to If you ignore that and dedicate your efforts to achieve the goal, it will be women in the sector on leadership? In my experience, it is essential not to lose focus. Usually, there is a lot of "nois” around us, and so many eyes taking a look at you or trying to check your capabilities.

sure that the market will recognize your value.

You can avoid so much stress and improve the results without considering what people think you can or cannot do; just do it!

About the Author Ms. Verde has more than 20 years of experience in the Environment sector focused mainly on water concessions (Waste water treatment plants, desalination plants and water distribution), having developed projects in more than 10 different countries, including the USA, Brazil, Mexico, Algeria, Tunisia, Oman and Spain.

At present, in her position as Inima CEO, her strategy is based on the consolidation of the international leadership of the company through the opening of new markets and business activities as well as the consolidation of the water distribution and industrial water activity with big successes. In the last 5 years, Inima has multiplied the revenues by 3 and the expectation is Her experience has covered the entire that this solid growth will continue. scope of the concession bidding process, financing contracts negotiation as well as management of the execution, which has allowed her to reach a broad knowledge of the needs and particularities of the water sector. 12

EXECUTIVE INSIGHT 14

WASTE IS A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION By Ms. Nicole Richards, CEO of Allonnia Waste is a failure of imagination. For me, this statement–- Allonnia’s motivating mantra–- is the embodiment of a world full of possibilities to create the change needed for a sustainable future. Our operating thesis is to draw inspiration from nature, the most powerful tool we have to address our waste challenges today.

No industry today understands the waste remediation power of biology better than the wastewater industry, which every year represents almost a $9B biological wastewater treatment market. We see many examples of biology doing this powerful work throughout nature; from ocean sea sponges filtering bacteria and particles from the water and converting them to a food source to naturally occurring bacteria becoming active in the presence of oil to clean oil spills in the ocean. It has been theorized that up to 50% of the Deep Water Horizon Oil spill was degraded by naturally occurring organisms1. These organisms remain dormant until the presence of their

contaminant of preference is introduced. No industry today understands the waste remediation power of biology better than the wastewater industry, which every year represents almost a $9B biological wastewater treatment market. One of the biggest challenges to implementing biological solutions is the efficiency with which these organisms typically operate. Given enough time, many experts believe that natural organisms will evolve to degrade most contaminants. And yet, the process of evolution is too slow and inefficient to address growing waste challenges for emerging contaminants such as PFAS, that need a solution today–- not in 1,000 years. This is where biology meets technology. Over the past two decades, governments and business across the globe have catalyzed a new, biological, industrial revolution. Companies such as Allonnia, can now tailor the function of these natural organisms to target and degrade compounds of interest efficiently. Science has progressed and enables us to now read, or sequence, the DNA of a given organism. By transforming the A, C, G, and T’s of DNA molecules into a “code” we can read and begin to optimize the functions that exist as they relate to waste remediation and upcycling. 1| https://asm.org/Articles/2020/April/How-Microbes-Clean-up-Oil-LessonsFrom-the-Deepwat

With SCIENCE and SOCIETY working together, embracing shared values and goals, waste can be a resource and the potential is limited only by our collective imaginations. This exponential trajectory of developments in synthetic biology will unlock nature’s potential to solve many of our environmental and planetary health problems. Combining the ability to read and write DNA, with high throughput and automated experimentation, enables us to customize a bio- based solution that can supplement existing chemical or mechanical processes in an effective and

About the Author Nicole Richards brings over 28 years of industry experience leading businesses, strategy, and commercial organizations within water treatment, mining and industry chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and more. She recently came from DuPont Water Solutions as the Strategy, Growth and M&A leader and prior to that as a Global Director at Solvay. Her deep industry knowledge and experience with companies tackling critical industrial issues positions her well to lead Allonnia in creating the next generation of bioremediation solutions.

cost-efficient way. Our capabilities span many functionalities including organism carrying enzymes that metabolize the carbon fluorine bond for degrading PFAS, organisms that can reduce aeration in secondary wastewater treatment, to an engineered protein that can upcycle recycled polyurethane into polyols. The waste treatment industry is a fertile field for further improvements using advanced biology based treatment solutions. With SCIENCE and SOCIETY working together, embracing shared values and goals, waste can be a resource and the potential is limited only by our collective imaginations. 2| https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ biological-wastewater-treatment-market-265752702.html

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UTILITY LEADER INSIGHT 18

SWCC’S VISION FOR THE FUTURE By H.E. Eng. Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Al-Abdulkareem, Governor of Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC)

SWCC vision for the future is transforming the desalination industry worldwide into a zero carbon footprint, zero liquid discharge industry where the value created by extraction of valuable minerals from the brine allows to cover fresh water production expenditures and make desalinated water the lowest cost source of water supply in the world.

We are the largest utility in the world dedicated to production of desalinated water, recognized as such by the Guinness World of Records. The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the world leader in desalination plant operation and a global champion of the desalination industry. We are the largest utility in the world dedicated to production of desalinated water, recognized as such by the Guinness World of Records. At present, we are on the path of accelerated transformation forging cooperation with the private sector for joint ownership and enhancement of the

performance of our desalination plants and their capacity expansion to over 10 million cubic meters per day by year 2030. SWCC is an organization with a unique breadth of experience committed to applying the world’s best practices and know-how to continually improve our operations. SWCC has an unsurpassed track record in the development and implementation in practice of efficient, reliable, and sustainable technologies. SWCC’s activities are key to the Vision 2030 goals of “Achieving Environmental Sustainability” and “Launching Our Promising Sectors”, with a strong institutional commitment to sustainable operations and diversification of the KSA economy. As a global desalination champion, SWCC is a recognized worldwide leader in terms of production capacity, efficiency, affordability and quality of desalinated water as well as for desalination innovation in brine mining and zero liquid discharge. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world, and with an

expanding population and the goals of Vision 2030 to transform the country into a high-tech industry leader worldwide, seawater desalination is the key to making this vision a reality. SWCC has a proven record in supplying high quality potable water for households and industry throughout KSA, producing about 6 million m3/day by a mixture of thermal and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. Transmission lines running thousands of kilometres cross the country and supply water to cities with a population of more than 30 million. SWCC is at the forefront of efforts to enhance quality of life of our citizens by enhancing the health benefits of the water we produce by magnesium supplementation which aims to meet the new World Health Organization guidelines of drinking water even before their formal promulgation, and by implementing country-wide state-of-the-art online monitoring system of the quality of fresh water delivered to our customers. As SWCC moves into the future we have a comprehensive plan for reduction of the energy demand and carbon footprint of our desalination plants with an ultimate goal to decrease our current energy demand with 30% by year 2025, 40% by year 2030 and eventually become carbon neutral by year 2050. The energy and carbon footprint reduction originate from three recent SWCC initiatives: (1) replacement of out thermal desalination plants with state-of-the-art RO plants and enhancement of exiting plant operations; (2) switching from hollow-fibre to spiral wound RO membranes at all of 20

our plants; (3) developing new generation RO membranes, energy recovery devices and pump systems of enhanced energy efficiency and adopting green chemical and brine mining initiatives.

We consider brine to be a valuable resource rather than a waste: SWCC is a leader globally in innovation to extract valuable minerals and metals from desalination brine, including sodium chloride, bromine, potassium chloride, magnesium salts, and rare metals such as rubidium, lithium and caesium. By replacing our existing thermal desalination plants with RO plants, we are reducing over 25% of our power demand. In addition, we are operating our existing desalination plants more efficiently by implementing company-wide plant operations enhancement program spearheaded by our Water Technology Research Institute (WTRI) – which yields energy savings of 10 to 25%. In the next 5 years we are planning to commercialize a new generation of SWRO membranes, high pressure pumps and energy recovery devices which will add another 5 to 15% of energy and carbon footprint reduction by year 2030. Currently, SWCC holds the Guinness World Record for the lowest energy desalination system per cubic metre of fresh water produced – 24% lower than the best operating plants in the world.

SWCC follows best practices in brine disposal and monitoring from all of our desalination plants, and we are monitoring our discharge quality continuously to make sure that the marine environment is protected and sustained. I environmentally safe. We consider brine to be a valuable resource rather than a waste: SWCC is a leader globally in innovation to extract valuable minerals and metals from desalination brine, including sodium chloride, bromine, potassium chloride, magnesium salts, and rare metals such as rubidium, lithium and caesium. The revenue from selling these commodities can be used to subsidize the cost of water production, with the ultimate vision of ‘zero cost’ water while turning our desalination plants into zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and brine into a source of valuable minerals. SWCC is looking to the future with a continuing strong commitment to innovation in desalination processes. The SWCC’s research arm, the Water Technologies

Research Institute (WTRI) collaborates with many of the world’s top institutions for creation of new advanced desalination and brine concentration technologies and supports SWCC with advanced analytical facilities. Areas of WTRI innovation activities include 3-D printing of spare parts for key plant components; development of next-generation low-cost, 3-D printed online sensors for plant operations, novel energy recovery devices and high-pressure pumps for enhanced energy efficiency, and the application of artificial intelligence in plant operation and maintenance. SWCC’s key research efforts are grouped under two pillars: “Support Green” and the “Circular Economy”. The “Support Green” pillar includes all our efforts to reduce the energy and chemical cost of desalination, to introduce the use of renewable energy resources for our desalination plants, and to apply lessons we have learned from seawater operations to treat wastewater and brackish groundwater.

The “Circular Economy” pillar encompasses all our efforts to extract valuable minerals from the sea: minerals that are critical to supporting industry (e.g., sodium chloride for the chlor-alkali industry); human health (e.g., addition of magnesium salts to drinking water for abatement of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases) and for agriculture (e.g., production of magnesium and potassium salts fertilizers from brine).

SWCC aims to licence the innovations we have developed to other operators, to use our know-how for providing humanitarian aid in desalination, and to build and operate plants in emerging desalination markets.

generation process, allowing the Kingdom’s desalination plants to run on green energy generated from their own brine and bringing the carbon footprint of desalination plants down to zero. SWCC is committed to the economic independence of the Kingdom from overseas suppliers of critical components, with plans to produce world-class membranes and other consumables locally.

The knowledge and experience of SWCC is transferrable to an expanding desalination sector worldwide and a major goal for the organization is to become a preferred provider of desalination solutions nationally and internationally. We offer and apply our expertise in operations and maintenance, advanced research, engineering, design, and construction to offer desalination industry participants and countries around the world. SWCC aims to licence the innovations we have developed to other operators, to use our know-how for providing humanitarian One goal is to dramatically reduce or aid in desalination, and to build and operate eliminate chemicals used at our desalination plants in emerging desalination markets. plants and for chemicals such as disinfectants and coagulants that cannot be eliminated to The summarize the vision of SWCC: We focus generate these chemicals from the on implementing desalination technologies desalination plant brine thereby reducing that meet the triple bottom line of economic, the carbon footprint for chemical production environmental and social benefit and and supporting the KSA country-wide continues to push the envelope in all three initiative to creating circular economy that areas. We are committed to converting all turns waste into valuable products. of our desalination plants into zero-carbon footprint, zero liquid discharge, zero-cost Most exciting of all, there is a potential of water production facilities by year 2030 to cost-effectively extract the isotope while doubling our freshwater production rubidium-137 from desalination plant brine – capacity and enhancing quality of our this is the key component of a new generation desalinated water to the greater benefit of of waste-free cold-fusion based power our citizens and humanity at large. 22

UTILITY LEADER INSIGHT 24

SAWPA’S INLAND EMPIRE BRINE: AN ENGINE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH By Mr. Jeff Mosher, General Manager of the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority (SAWPA) The Inland Empire Brine Line (Brine Line), located in southern California (USA), is a unique and indispensable salinity management resource for the Santa Ana River Watershed). The Brine Line, which is owned and operated by the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority (SAWPA), supports economic growth in a semi-arid area with limited water resources by providing a regional facility for exporting salt from inland areas to the ocean.

In addition, imported water supply in the region from the Colorado River Aqueduct has further driven the salt imbalance. As salt levels in the groundwater rise, the potential to make use of local groundwater sources becomes more limited, posing a risk for the water supply reliability in the Watershed.

SAWPA, a public agency, was formed in 1972 after countless lawsuits over water supply in the Watershed. SAWPA provides a forum for water agencies, regulators, and stakeholders to discuss and address issues impacting the region, including approaches to manage salinity in the Watershed.

Wastewater treatment plants in inland areas in California have strict TDS restrictions to protect water quality from being degraded by high levels of salts, thereby supporting the ability to recycle water for nonpotable uses and groundwater augmentation purposes. With nowhere to dispose of their concentrates and brines for treatment, water agencies and businesses need an economical approach for managing these flows.

Salinity Management The Watershed has had historical struggles of high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS). Spanning west from inland Southern California to the coast of the Pacific Ocean, the Watershed has been a location of intense agricultural practices, including dairy farm and crop irrigation, which has increased salt concentrations in the region’s aquifers.

The Brine Line with a capacity of 30 MGD spanning 93 miles across the Watershed collects and treats brines and high salinity flows from businesses and water agencies. 25

Brine Line To support the brine management needs of water agency desalters and other high salinity dischargers from commercial and industrial facilities, the Brine Line was constructed in the 1990s. The Brine Line provides a cost-effective, sustainable means of disposal of brines and non-reclaimable flows. The Brine Line with a capacity of 30 MGD spanning 93 miles across the Watershed collects and treats brines and high salinity flows from businesses and water agencies. Treatment of these flows occurs at the Orange County Sanitation District (OC San). Treated wastewater is then safely discharged into the Pacific Ocean.

Municipal Water District (MWD), Eastern MWD, Western MWD, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, and OC San. Under an integrated watershed management plan, these partnering agencies collectively constructed the watershed-wide desalination system. These desalination facilities connected to the Brine Line for brine disposal. Construction of the Brine Line was executed using loans from a novel partnership model, which were repaid using revenue generated from the customers using the Brine Line. To continue operation and maintenance of the Brine Line, funds from revenue and usage rate-generated capital reserves are utilized.

A variety of water-intensive industries and The Brine Line was developed using a businesses use the Brine Line to dispose of cooperative approach between several their salty wastewater. To dispose of their water agencies – San Bernardino Valley brine, businesses can use Trucked Disposal

Brine Line and Desalination Facilities in Watershed

to a collection station or Direct Disposal, a Industrial Dischargers to theBrine Line direct connection to the Brine Line. • Biotech Manufacturing • Power Plants/Co-Generation Plants Brine Line customers also have a cost • Medical Supply Manufacturing advantage over those located outside • Water Purification Plants of the watershed. Based on the volume, • Computer Chip Manufacturers biochemical oxygen demand concentration, • Commercial Laundries and total suspended solids concentration, • Food/Beverage Processing partnering businesses can dispose their brines at approximately $0.05 per gallon. Compared to brine disposal rates of up to Future of the Brine Line $0.25 per gallon elsewhere in the region, Future plans for the Brine Line consist of Brine Line customers can realize up to 500% continual operation, maintenance and reduction in costs. rehabilitation of the desalination system to provide an economical approach to Groundwater Desalters Discharging Brine to brine disposal for agencies and businesses the Brine Line and to meet the region’s long-term goal • Chino Desalter of achieving a workable salt balance. The • Chino Desalter II Brine Line provides an economical option to • Temescal Desalter accommodate the expansion of desalters • Perris Desalter and support businesses in the region with • Arlington Desalter brine management needs. • Menifee Desalter

About the Author Jeff Mosher is General Manager of the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority (SAWPA) where he oversees efforts to develop regional plans, programs, and projects that protect the Santa Ana River basin water resources to maximize beneficial uses within the watershed in an economically and environmentally responsible manner. He provides oversight for SAWPA’s Inland Empire Brine Line, which is an economic-growth engine for inland California, by allowing clean disposal of

brackish water discharge from industry and utilities, including groundwater desalters. At SAWPA, he is involved in a broad range of water resource issues including water supply reliability, water quality improvement, recycled water, wastewater treatment, groundwater management, and integrated regional planning. The Santa Ana River Watershed encompasses 2,650 square miles, is home to six million people, and stretches over four counties in Southern California.

FINANCE CORNER 28

FOR WHAT IT’S WORTH: FINANCING WATER REUSE By Ms. Lydia Whyatt, Managing Director of Resonance Asset Management Value and price of water has been a major to industry, with the exception of Taiwan at topic of debate at many global water related the moment, where semiconductor industry conferences. This theme is very closely linked is currently prioritised at the expense of with water reuse. For us, in finance, value and local agriculture) will mean that the industrial price are not philosophical or ethical issues, users will be the key target for water re-use, but very practical ones. Water reuse (like and this is where we chose to focus with desalination) would our first water fund only make financial at Resonance. The The other reason for industrial water reuse is sense, and hence other reason for that the re-used water is worth investing in, industrial water more “predictable” than if it can be delivered reuse is that the the surface water whose at a price the buyers re-used water is salinity and turbidity can are willing to pay for more “predictable” change with seasons. it. Of course, many than the surface governments may water whose salinity choose to subsidise the price of water, but and turbidity can change with seasons. this significantly distorts the market for Here we have a situation where price and water re-use. The government financial help “value” of water are not always the same. can support water reuse and work from a Even if it might be cheaper for the industrial finance prospective if the subsidy is placed to companies to use surface water, the value in the right way, but this level of granularity of that water is lower than that of the more is often missed when government policy is controllable sources of water – their own developed. wastewater reuse or reused wastewater from other industrial or municipal sources. When we devised the strategy for our water fund, we felt that in those geographies where Over time this has proven correct, and a water is in short supply, the hierarchy of large portion of our fund, particularly in demand (from drinking water to agriculture China and South East Asia is focused on 29

industrial wastewater reuse, both of our clients’ own wastewater and also municipal wastewater. Predominantly, where we invested in water re-sue opportunities, they involved outsourcing of the design, build

The challenge, however, in developing the right commercial structure where the clients fully benefit from the expertise of external service providers, but do not feel that they are handing over the complete control of their water supply. and operations of the wastewater treatment plants to our technology partners. The key reason outsourcing is so widespread in water reuse applications is that technology used in the solutions requires engineering and operating experience that many industrial

clients do not have, at least at the operating plant level. As the availability of the plant can significantly affect the top line of our clients, if water is not delivered to enable the production process, the industrial clients prefer to insure that this does not happen due to the lack of technical knowledge in client’s own operations team. The challenge, however, in developing the right commercial structure where the clients fully benefit from the expertise of external service providers, but do not feel that they are handing over the complete control of their water supply. The division of responsibilities and operating risks in such an arrangement is also a very complex topic, to say the least. It requires depth of experience that can be built only over many years This is one of the roles we play as a financier of the outsourced solutions in the discussions with our partners and clients. Our team consists of senior partners with over 20 years of experience in this area.

About the Author Lydia Whyatt joined Resonance Asset Management in 2014 as a Managing Director. She leads the investment process for the Resonance Industrial Water Infrastructure Fund.

technology business. Prior to Fourwinds, Lydia was in charge of a €90m family office fund focusing on investments in water and waste technology and related service companies. She was also part of Kennet Venture Partners, one of the most successful technology VCs in Lydia has over 10 years experience investing Europe, and a management consultant with in water technology, infrastructure and service McKinsey in London. businesses and has over 15 years investment experience in PE/VC and infrastructure. Lydia has a Finance degree from the London School of Economics and a postgraduate Prior to joining Resonance, Lydia was a degree in Physics from Moscow State Managing Director of the Environment Group University. at Fourwinds Capital Management and was responsible for managing the Aqua Resources Fund. She served on the boards of Waterleau Group, a leading wastewater treatment business active in the food & beverage and municipal sectors, and Monsal, the UK’s leading Advanced Anaerobic Digestion

R&D SPOTLIGHT: 32

REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN THE RAS AL KHAIR PLANT Dr. Chris Fellow, Senior Anti-Scaling Expert at SWCC, and Eng. Fredrich Alt, Professional Engineer Improvements to the Multi-Stage Flash number of operational improvements to the (MSF) portion of the plant Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) portion of the plant, which produces approximately 770,000 m3 The Operations and Maintenance team at of potable water per day, have reduced the the Ras al Khair integrated water and power allocated annual gas energy consumption plant, together with the researchers of the by about 4,000 billion BTU. The decision Water Technologies Research Institute has been made to maintain the production (WTRI) have implemented changes to the of water and electricity at the same level as plant which have had a dramatic effect previously, which translates into a carbon on the ‘carbon footprint’ of the plant. A dioxide abatement of 171,000 tons per year.

Total Savings of 177,500 tons of Carbon Dioxide per year. Improvement to Reverse Osmosis (RO) Extending the modifications already made portion of the plant to two trains to the entire RO system at Ras al Khair will realise 55,000 tons per Further savings have been made by changing year of carbon dioxide abatement, for a the membranes used in two trains of the total projected carbon dioxide reduction of Reverse Osmosis (RO) portion of the plant, 226,000 tons per year. This is approximately reducing the specific energy consumption to the same as the entire carbon dioxide give a further 6500 tons per year of carbon emissions of the Comoros Islands.1 dioxide abatement, for a total savings of 177,500 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The improvements made to operations at the Ras al Khair integrated water and power Potentially giving up plant are not unique to that facility –similar operational changes and modifications to five times as much should be possible across the entire system Carbon abatement, so of order of 1,000,000 of SWCC plants, potentially giving up to five times as much carbon abatement, so of order Tons per year. of 1,000,000 tons per year. 1| Comoros, the only member of the Arab League entirely in the southern hemisphere, sits off the east coast of Africa and has a population of nearly 900,000.

About the Authors

Dr. Christopher Fellows received his PhD in physical chemistry in 1999 and worked at the University of Sydney and the University of New England (Australia) before joining the DTRI in 2019. His chief interests are in scale control, polymerization mechanisms, and the very broad topic of fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical processes of relevance to industry. Within the WTRI, his work encompasses the development and testing of novel antiscalants based on the ‘edge-activity’ mechanism, development of novel processes for remineralization, development of evaporation-control systems, and modelling processes for extracting valuable components from desalination brine – ‘brine mining’. Dr Fellows has authored over 100 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. He is currently an adjunct associate professor at the University of New England, Australia, a member of the IUPAC Polymer Division, and chair of the IUPAC Subcommittee on Polymer Education.

Eng. Fredrich Alt EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Degree in Process Engineering from German College Registered Professional Engineer in the State of California - USA PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE About 45 years engineering experience in thermal seawater desalination, including process design, plant engineering, start up and commissioning of MSF plants, vertical tube and horizontal tube MED plants, research & development and system operation optimization of existing plants. Working with companies like INCON – Germany, ENVIROGENICS – USA, DOOSAN – Korea and since 2018 with SWCC – DTRI/WTRI in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Holding multiple patents related to optimized evaporator configurations. Email contacts: falt@swcc.gov.sa FritzAlt@ProEngLLC.com

#WAVESTOWATER

WAVES TO WATER

IDA is a Surging Waves Sponsor

RENEWABLE DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER By the U.S. Department of Energy With more than 1.1 billion people lacking access to potable water, the world is increasingly looking to oceans and other high-salt water resources to provide safe and affordable drinking water. In the United States alone, at least 40 states anticipate water shortages by 2024. To meet this critical need, especially in the face of climate change and population growth, we need innovative thinkers to develop reliable, affordable, renewably powered desalination solutions.

As an advocate of desalination technologies that lower costs and reduce energy requirements, IDA is a proud partner of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Waves to Water and Solar Desalination Prizes. These competitions use innovative funding mechanisms to encourage a broad community of entrepreneurs to accelerate the development of low-cost, energyefficient, desalination systems. Learn how these American-Made Challenge innovators are poised to positively impact the future of the global desalination industry and why we are excited to support their journey.

WAVES TO WATER The $3.3 million Waves to Water Prize is underway to accelerate innovation in small, modular, wave-powered desalination systems capable of producing clean water in disaster recovery scenarios, as well as water-scarce coastal and island locations. Currently in the CREATE stage, ten teams of innovators, from entrepreneurs to industry to academia, are ready to bring their ideas to life with proofs of concepts and prototyping of their novel wave-energy-powered desalination systems.

finalize and deliver their technologies for the fifth stage, DRINK, and test their systems at Jennette’s Pier in Nag’s Head, North Carolina, in April 2022.

“Over the last year and a half, we have seen a range of solutions proposed under this prize,” said Scott Jenne, NREL’s principal investigator for the Waves to Water Prize. “These winners represent some true technological advancements. Each applied rigorous modeling to underpin their claims, and so we are excited to see what comes Created by the Department of Energy’s Water as a result of building these systems in the Power Technologies Office, with support from CREATE Stage.” the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and in partnership with the Coastal Studies Institute, this three-year prize offers IDA will invite teams to participate in the innovators a pathway from initial concept ongoing IDA Academy webinar series to through technical design, prototype building, help them better integrate desalination and field-testing systems for developing and commercialization principles into clean, abundant drinking water using only their designs. Teams will also have the waves as a power source. The winners of opportunity to interact and share their ideas the CREATE Stage will develop a plan to with the desalination community.

WAVES TO WATER 38

SOLAR-THERMAL POWERED DESALINATION Removing salt through water-treatment To compete for $50,000 in Round 2, processes is effective when salt interested competitors must identify and concentrations are low. describe an impactful innovation that can be incorporated into an operational prototype But how do you affordably purify potential of a solar-thermal desalination system. water sources with high salt content and Additional emphasis in Round 2 is placed on concentrated wastewater brines? Launched innovations related to energy storage or solar in September 2019 by the DOE’s Solar Energy collectors that support solar desalination. Technologies Office, with NREL support, the Ideas for Round 2 are accepted through July $9 million, Solar Desalination Prize competition 15, 2021 and can be submitted here. addresses this challenge by promoting the development of low-cost solar-thermal To win the final $1 million award, competitors powered desalination technologies. will need to have designed their solar-thermal desalination system, obtained the necessary The Solar Desalination Prize gives permitting and approval documents, built innovators a pathway from initial concept it, and then demonstrated the operation of to a field-tested system that provides clean, their system. accessible water. The prize is structured in four phases, and each successive phase is “Through competitions like the Solar more challenging than the last, with larger Desalination and the Waves to Water prizes,” prizes and fewer competitors advancing. NREL Prize Administrator Sarah Gomach The challenge requires competitors to make said. “We are inspiring innovators to develop progress on a condense timeline, form reliable and cost-effective solutions to help private-sector partnerships, and secure meet the grand challenge of water security.” investments to make their ideas a reality. To learn more about the Waves to Water and On April 12, DOE announced eight Solar Desalination prizes, visit https://www. semi-finalists in Round 1 of Solar herox.com/American-Made-Challenges. Desalinization Prize competition’s Teaming Contest, as well as launched Round 2, due to high interest and ongoing opportunities for technology advancement.

PAPERS

favorite

As you can see, we have followed the pattern of the last Connections and offered the favorite papers identified by five more veterans of our community. Of course, one looks to see if a pattern arises. I am pleased to say that there is none! And that is as it should be. These are individuals whose experiences and needs vary. And besides, de gustibus non est disputandum.

Favorite Papers

Evolution of Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes By John E. Caddotte J.E. Caddotte, Evolution of composite reverse osmosis membranes in: D.R. Lloyd (Ed.), Material Science of Synthetic Membranes, ACS Sym, Ser. No. 269, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1985, pages 273-294 https://doi.10.1021/bk-1985-0269.ch012 Nominated by: Dr. Masaru Kurihara Water Treatment Division, Toray Industries, Inc. masaru.kurihara.z9@mail.toray

addotte presented an excellent overview on the development of composite reverse osmosis membranes with the emphasis on types that have survived the selection for commercial development and on the chemistry and composition of these membranes in 1985 as well.

In the early 60s, it was shown that Loeb-sourirajan cellulose acetate membrane was asymmetric, having the thin dense layer over a microporous film. Asymmetric membranes resulted from casting a single polymer solution in one step, composite membranes, on the other hand, are formed in two steps, casting of microporous support first, followed by deposition of barrier layer on the surface of this microporous support layer. Typical commercial examples of asymmetric membranes were cellulose acetate-spiral wound element by U.O.P. and linear fully aromatic polyamide-hollow fiber membrane by Du Pont in the late 60s.

Although the early stage of research on the composite membrane using cellulose acetate has started at North Star Research Institute and U.O.P. in the U.S. in the middle of the 60s, the authentic and severe competition of R&D on composite membrane as post asymmetric membranes has been done between the U.S. (North Star Research Institute (Film Tech) and U.O.P.) and Japan (Toray and Teijin). Since the late 70s, rapid progress has been made in the development of commercial composite membranes. A big and memorable conference was held in Nice, France, 1979 as International Desalination and Environment Association (IDEA). During the conference, four companies from the U.S. and Japan made the presentation on seawater desalination membranes including Du Pont (B-10: linear aromatic polyamide-hollow fiber membrane / asymmetric type), and Film Tech (FT-30: Crosslinked fully aromatic polyamide-spiral wound composite membrane).

Favorite Papers

FT-30 is prepared by the interfacial polymerization of aromatic diamine and aromatic triacyl halide on the surface of the support film. From Japan, Toyobo presented CTA hollow fiber membrane-asymmetric type and Toray presented PEC-1000 spiral wound composite membrane. PEC-1000 membrane was prepared by an acid catalyzed in siti poycondensation reaction of 1.3.5.-tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid and furfural alcohol on a microporous support. The main discussion points were the membrane performances and membrane durabilities: 1. Seawater desalination process: One-stage or two-stage 2. Water recovery: 10 – 20% or 30 – 40% 3. Chemical stability of the membrane against chlorine & dissolved oxygen in seawater 4. Physical stability of the membranes to the temperature of seawater Toray changed from PEC-1000 composite membrane to UTC-80 composite membrane in the late 80s due to the lack of dissolved oxygen resistibility of PEC-1000. Toray’s UTC-80

composite membrane is prepared by the interfacial polymerization of the aromatic diamine and triamine with aromatic diacyl halide and triacyl halide on the microporous support film. Before Du Pont (before the merger with Dow) had closed their membrane business on B-10 in 1997, Du Pont also developed the A-15 membrane. The A-15 membrane is the crosslinked aromatic / alicyclic polyamide composite membrane-spiral wound element. Since 2000, seawater reverse osmosis method has been a major desalination technology against the distillation method in the global market. As a dominant design of a commercial reverse osmosis membrane became “crosslinked fully aromatic polyamide composite membrane-spiral wound element”, prepared by the interfacial polymerization of aromatic amines and aromatic acyl halides such as FT-30 by Du Pont (formerly Dow Chemical) and UTC-80 by Toray Industries, Inc. The global market share of crosslinked fully aromatic polyamide composite membrane-spiral wound element is now over 90%.

About the Nominator

Dr. Masaru Kurihara is an advisor at Toray Industries, Inc. and a Senior Scientific Director, “Mega-ton Water System” in Japan Funding Program for the world-leading innovative R&D during FY2009 – FY2013. His research has been focusing on the membrane-based technologies for over 50 years since 1970. He was the recipient of numerous awards in recognition of his research

contributions, including “Lifetime Achievement Award” in 2011” and “Outstanding Professional in Water Reuse and Convention” in 2016 from IDA. He was elected as IDA Honorary Council Member in 2017 and also assumed his position as a fellow of Chemical Society of Japan in 2009. In 2015, he received “Lifetime Achievement Award” from the Society of Polymer Science, Japan.

Favorite Papers

The Water that Built Dubai: Ten Years of Desalination History in Jebel Ali By Emilio Ghiazza and Laura Riccardo Presented at: IDA World Congress – Atlantis, The Palm – Dubai, UAE November 7-12, 2009 Nominated by: Dr. Emilio Gabbrielli Consultant emilio.gabbrielli@gmail.com

he basic process of desalination of salty water by its evaporation and the subsequent condensation of the vapor could not be simpler. The existence of this natural phenomenon would have been present in people’s mind and experience well before ancient Greeks started mentioning it in written form as a way of desalting seawater in the VI century b.C. One well-known method described is that of collecting condensed vapor on a sponge kept on top of boiling seawater on-board of Greek and Roman ships navigating in the Mediterranean.

The basic simplicity of the process could not be further away from the complexity and technical achievements of modern desalination with evaporative processes. I had the privilege of learning all this by direct experience while designing, commissioning and above all operating MSF plants in Libya in the 70s. I became fascinated by a technology which managed to utilize such a simple basic phenomenon and make it happen explosively and in stages, so that you

could produce a quantity of distilled water which is many times the quantity of vapor used to evaporate the seawater in the first place. This long introduction in order to emphasize the strong impression that this paper dealing with ten years of desalination history in Jebel Ali made on me at the IDA World Congress in Dubai in 2009. I had been less attentive to the latest developments in desalination during the previous 10 years. It was at the congress that it really hit me that in Jebel Ali the size of the last MSF units designed and built had reached MIGD 17.5 (it actually reached 18.3 MIGD during actual operation). Indeed the paper was stating that the industry was already ready to reach MIGD 20. This capacity is 20 times or more than the units I was involved with in Libya. With the amount of water from a 20 MIGD unit it would be possible to fill an Olympic-size pool in about 40 minutes: this is a lot of water, produced just by one unit! I actually remember Roberto

Favorite Papers

Borsani telling me in Dubai that the potential to go over MIGD 20, even up to 30, was there, one of the limiting factors being the size of pumps. Still, as the paper explains, the size of pumps had doubled in just 10 years, so why not looking at MIGD 30? One of the successes of MSF technology is its reliability during long periods of uninterrupted operation, which has been progressively ensured through choice of materials and optimization of choice and use of chemicals, as clearly described in the paper with regards to the Jebel Ali experience. This reliability was achieved

at Jebel Ali while also increasing the TBT (top brine temperature) from 105 to 112 deg. It is somehow ironic that the era of prominence of evaporative processes in seawater desalination, in particular MSF, seems to have definitely gone at the very time when MSF had reached new heights like in Jebel Ali. Still, this is unavoidable as part of technical progress. The know-how on show in Jebel Ali will not be lost and the achievements described in the paper will keep serving the people of Dubai for many more years to come.

About the Nominator

Dr. Emilio Gabbrielli has over 45 years’ experience in water desalination and reuse. After discovering desalination by participating in the design and construction of a solar still in Peru in 1975, he worked with dual purpose plants, mainly in Libya, and pioneered the issue of remineralization. He later plaid a key role in the design and building of zero-dis48

charge schemes for coal-fired power stations in Australia. Between 2003 and 2008 he was the CEO of the Global Water Partnership. Emilio served as IDA President for the 2015-2017 term, and is a Member of the Honorary Council. He currently operates as an independent consultant.

Favorite Papers

Research and Development Towards the Increase of MED Units Capacity By Vincent Baujat, Thierry Bukato Presenter: Vincent Baujat at IDA World Congress, Bahamas. 2003 Nominated by: Dr. Leon Awerbuch, President & CEO, International Desalination Consultancy Associates (IDCA)

r Jim Birkett request to contribute a column in IDA Connections entitled “Favorite Paper" was a difficult task. It forced me to think of hundreds of excellent papers presented at IDA Congresses, Forums and events which contributed to the advancement of desalination and water reuse technology.

As my professional interest was in thermal and hybrid processes, I thought to underscore importance of efforts undertaken by SIDEM and IDE resulting in the Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) technology to reach large scale projects. Particularly because of my personal belief that with solar low temperature renewable energy the multi-effect MED and MD should be able to compete with today SWRO domination. Finally, I decided to select a paper presented by Vincent Baujat at IDA World Congress in the Bahamas. Until the mid-1990’s, the water production capacities of most MED units ranged from small (0.25MIGD) to mid-size (2

MIGD). Since 1998, the production range of MED units has increased considerably. MED units with rated capacities of 5 MIGD have been in successful operation. The paper reviewed SIDEM R&D efforts that went into the study of operating plants to identify the key process and technological issues that were to be considered in the design of larger MED units. Baujat explains how this analysis was followed by sustained research and development work focusing on the most critical points of system design. This included thermocompressor optimization by means of numeric calculation, optimization and wetting control of the heat transfer tube bundles and development of steam transformers to raise pure steam from the heat reject of power plants. Having explained how the latest developments in the MED technology result in this process being available for large plants he describes the cost advantage for investors who will make the choice of MED technology for large BOOT projects. 51

Favorite Papers

What is amazing is that in January 2007 only four years later Jubail-Marafiq IWPP was awarded being the third largest operating plant in the world a 800,000 m3/day of 27 units X 6.56 MIGD, 8 effects with GOR 9.84 and electric power consumption of 1kWh/ m3, followed in August 2007 by the largest MED-SWRO hybrid at Fujairah 2 130 MIGD plant, MED of 12 units 8.5 MIGD, with 8 effects and GOR of 9.39 and the top performing MED at Az Zour North 107 MIGD 10 x 10.84 MIGD units with the lowest electric power consumption: 0.9 kwh/m3 and low steam consumption: 1 ton of steam generates 11 ton of distilled water.

The experience of SIDEM lead to the success of SWCC-Sasakura who have designed, constructed, and tested the world’s largest Multi-Effect Distillation (MED-TVC) unit producing 91,200 cubic meters per day. The Shoaiba 2 new 10 effect desalination unit is designed with 20 MIGD capacity and Performance ratio 14.6 kg-distillate /2,326KJ in December 2018. I hope that based on the above experience we can soon demonstrate straight MED with low electrical consumption of 1.3-1.5 kWh/m3 operating 24/7 driven by low temperature renewable thermal energy resources.

About the Nominator

Leon Awerbuch involvement in desalination extends for more than 50 years. He joined Bechtel Group in 1972 in R&D followed by increased responsibilities for power and water programs as International Bechtel Co. Ltd Vice President and Senior Regional Representative for the Middle East. Mr. Awerbuch co-author IDA Constitution was Chairman of six IDA World Congresses. He was Director of the IDA for 44 years, has been a Chairman of IDA’s Technical Programs for 26 years, and first Dean of IDA Desalination Academy for 7 years. He has organized and chaired over 40 conferences and forums around the world. Mr. Awerbuch was granted 28 patents. He received a

Lifetime Achievement Award from IDA, Life Achievement at Power Generation and Water Solutions Middle East, in January 2015. Leon Awerbuch was voted one of Water & Wastewater International’s top 25 industry leaders, and in 2019 awarded 51 Most Impactful Leader in Water and Water Management. He is an IDA Past President, and current Member of the IDA Honorary Council; and Co-Chairman of the IDA Energy and Environment Committee. Mr. Awerbuch received a master’s degree in Chemical Engineering and Chemistry from Warsaw University of Technology

Favorite Papers

The Role of Chemicals in this Thirsty Planet By Edward G Darton Published in the IDA Proceedings of the Perth Conference 2011 PER11-262.doc Nominated by: Ms. Ursula Annunziata Senior Adviser to H2O Innovation

hemicals is a word which automatically engenders concerns about toxicity, legality, and even potential death of the planet. But we are all made of chemicals, and there is a chemical formula for everything in our world. So, I wonder, how did “chemicals” get such bad press?

There are many papers that could have been chosen in this wellnigh impossible task, but I find the one I have selected covers many different aspects of a single topic – and covers my question above. It opens up the subject to a far wider audience than the specific desalination community. Ted Darton, the author, has nearly 50 years’ experience in chemicals and desalination, counting among his many exploits, working at the Shevchenko Nuclear Power Plant (Kazakhstan) at the height of the ‘cold war’ in 1976, and being one of the first Westerners to enter China in 1978 following the cultural revolution. The author is well-known to me, (I was, therefore, somewhat loath to select his paper!) as we have worked together for

many years, but I really felt this was a brilliant summation, covering chemicals past, present and future, as well as introducing new concepts which the author was working on at the time of the paper. The paper starts with the past history of chemistry back to Plato, laying out the discovery of the elements throughout time, and why the author feels that organic carbon-based chemicals – rather than inorganic – have a greater capacity for development in desalination; not just as chemicals themselves, but in material science breakthroughs. He summarizes the history and parallel development of thermal and membrane desalination very neatly, emphasizing the development of the desalting membrane as a true scientific blend of physics and chemistry, and then recounts the increasingly effective methods of maintaining clean membranes, using anti-scalants and anti-fouling techniques and products. A clean membrane, of course, is key to efficient and low-cost desalination.

Favorite Papers

Having worked most of my life in the industry, I am aware that cost savings are unsurprisingly one of the main drivers in desalination growth. Ted highlights the research areas for chemicals most likely to push desalting forward – more effective cleaners with shorter cleaning times, longer times between cleans and therefore less downtime, multipurpose formulations, and products less dependent on temperature and PH changes. However, sought-after needs such as “greener” products are often found to be less effective and more expensive; I can corroborate this, as my company spent much time and energy going down this route in the search for more effective, safer, and cheaper products! One main focus of the paper for me was the introduction of the concept of “invisible fouling” whereby as soon as water passes through a membrane, it will start fouling. This concept is explained in

detail with cleaning procedures starting before fouling is perceived and/or measured. For me this was a perceptive breakthrough in thinking! And papers are still being presented with this as a new concept. The paper finishes with some comments on the future of our industry, including the part played by the regulatory bodies, which increases costs and can slow research R&D on new products. A necessary safeguard!? But an expensive one. Work on pandemic vaccinations has definitely shown we can reduce this period. I have passed this paper on to many new colleagues as it brilliantly portrays the highly significant role that chemicals have in desalination, and how we must adapt our perception and usage of them to improve their impact and development on our world.

About the Nominator

Ursula Annunziata, B.Sc in Chemistry and Zoology, M.Sc in Applied Hydrobiology, London University. Research projects, Unilever and Metal Box, and developed biocides for Legionnaires’ Disease. She has worked in desalination for over 30 years, initially with Houseman, a UK water treatment company, then co-founded Genesys, a technically-focused UK-based company,

involved in the operation and optimization of desalination plants around the world, supplying technical support and dedicated chemical products to improve plant performance. Currently acting as senior adviser to H2O Innovation, she has served several terms on the IDA and EDS Boards, and is currently European Desalination Society president.

Favorite Papers

Rigorous Modeling of the Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Deposit Formation By Raviv Segev, David Hasson, and Raphael Semiat Raviv Segev, David Hasson, and Raphael Semiat, “Rigorous Modeling of the Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Deposit Formation”, AIChE Journal, Vol. 58, No. 4, 2012, 1222 – 1229. Nominated by: Dr.-Ing. Heike Glade Engineering Thermodynamics University of Bremen heike.glade@uni-bremen.de 58

egev, Hasson and Semiat gave an excellent overview and derivation of a rigorous kinetic model describing calcium carbonate deposit formation on a surface from a supersaturated solution in isothermal turbulent flow through a tube. They provided a detailed model for CaCO3 precipitation combining mass transfer and chemical reaction processes. The rigorous model takes into account multicomponent diffusional transport of all carbonic ionic species. Furthermore, simplified models for high pH and low pH conditions were derived and evaluated.

In the early 60s when multi-stage flash evaporation was almost the only desalination method being applied, David Hasson turned his attention to scaling problems. He focused on deposition and inhibition of scaling species in heat exchangers. Later David Hasson expanded his efforts to study scaling of reverse osmosis membranes together with Raphael Semiat. I am very impressed by the huge number of excellent and inspiring papers by Hasson

and Semiat on scaling of heat exchange and membrane surfaces and it was difficult to select my favorite one. The paper is very valuable for our research on scale formation at the University of Bremen. Furthermore, the paper reminds me of my modeling work on carbon dioxide release from the evaporating brine in multi-stage flash and multiple-effect distillers when I started my research on thermal desalination at the University of Bremen. I struggled with the CO2 kinetics in the carbonate system. Then I took into account that the hydration and dehydration of CO2 in carbonate solutions occur by parallel reaction mechanisms, whereas the reaction steps with CO2 are finite rate reactions in contrast to the instantaneous reaction steps with only proton exchange being involved. Thus, I was not surprised to discover that Segev et al. analyzed the influence of the CO2 hydration reaction on the CaCO3 precipitation rate in a second paper “Rigorous Modeling of the Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Deposit Formation 59

Favorite Papers

– CO2 Effect” published shortly afterwards (AIChE Journal, Vol. 58, No. 7, 2012, 2286-2289). Both papers are very useful for researchers in the field of scaling, not only in thermal and membrane desalination applications but also in many engineering applications with carbonate systems. Comprehension of deposit formation including the mass transfer

and chemical reaction processes is closely linked with scale control efforts. Numerous models have been proposed which are based on highly simplified assumptions. I greatly appreciate the rigorous analysis by Segev et al. and that the multicomponent transport of all ionic species involved in the carbonate system was taken into account. Segev, Hasson and Semiat made a tremendous contribution to the complex topic of scaling.

About the Nominator

Dr. Heike Glade is head of the Research Group Evaporation Technology and Seawater Desalination in the Department of Engineering Thermodynamics at the University of Bremen, Germany. Her research work focuses on thermal and membrane-based desalination processes, brine concentration and 60

recovery of valuables, and scaling on heat transfer and membrane surfaces and its mitigation. Heike Glade was in the board of directors of the German Desalination Society for 12 years. She has been working in the field of desalination for more than 25 years and received several awards over this time.

favorite

PAPERS OK, there is no pattern, but there is plenty of variety. These papers date from the 1960s to very recent times. Some are journal articles, some are presentations from conferences, some are chapters from edited books you name it, we included it. In the next issue of Connections, we will again tap five veterans for their offerings. Then for the Fall, we will shift gears and ask five young “hot-shots” in our community for the sources of their inspiration. It should be fun! All the best,

Ms. Jantje Johnson, IDA Publications Committee,

Jantje@

Dr. Jim Birkett, at large,

westneck@aol.com

orangeboatsupport.com

IDA

TALKS We invite you to view the first of a series of short videos from members of our community. The program aims to share knowledge on essential topics in desalination, water reuse, recycling, and relevant energy solutions. These talks present a dynamic way for members and stakeholders to interact with the IDA community and a global audience. We invite stakeholders from different sectors of our industry to talk about research and innovation, project development, finance, legal frame-works, operations and maintenance, incorporation of renewable energy, and many more topics through short recordings of up to 3-5 minutes. If you would like to share your knowledge, please contact info@idadesal.org. 64

Ms. Shannon McCarthy

Secretary General, IDA March 10, 2021 Topic: Sharing Knowledge on Water Solutions - IDA Talks Watch the video

Eng. Carlos Cosin

President, IDA and CEO of Almar Water Solutions March 17, 2021 Topic: The New Water Era Watch the video

Prof. John H. Lienhard V

Dr. Ahmad S. Al-Amoudi

Mr. Devesh Sharma

Eng. Elena de la Vieja Molina

Eng. Sergio Iorio

Commercialization Director Aqua Advise April 22, 2021 Topic: Subsea Desalination Watch the video

CEO of Italmatch April 22, 2021 Topic: CEO Point of View on Challenges and Opportunities in Desalination Watch the video

Dr. Jim Birkett

Eng. Alicia Perez-Ballester

Dr. Emilio Gabbrielli

Dr. Guillermo Zaragoza

ALJ Professor of Water & Mechanical Engineering at MIT and Officer of the IDA Board serving as Dean of the IDA Academy March 24, 2021 Topic: Meeting Water Sustainability Challenges Watch the video

Head of Automation and Control Department Acciona Agua May 12, 2021 Topic: Digitalization of Water Assets Watch the video

President, Desalination Technology Research Institute (DTRI) of SWCC March 31, 2021 Topic: Non-conventional Methods of Water Production to Secure Supply Watch the video

Member of the IDA Honorary Council and Independent Consultant May 19, 2021 Topic: The Post Treatment of Desalinated Water Watch the video

IDA First Vice President and Managing Director, Aquatech International April 14, 2021 Topic: Industrial Water Watch the video

Former IDA President, Member of IDA Honorary Council May 5, 2021 Topic: Beneath the Timeline: An Early Decade Watch the video

Head of Solar Thermal Applications R&D at PSA (CIEMAT) May 26, 2021 Topic: Renewable Energy and Desalination Watch the video

IDA-SWCC Upcoming Events

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN DESALINATION September 27 – 29, 2021 Hilton Hotel, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Bronze Sponsor

Upcoming Events IDA-SWCC

This premier event focuses on the latest achievements in science and technology of desalination and provides a forum for incubation and exchange of ideas aiming to propel innovation, creativity and disruptive advancements in this rapidly growing field. The conference will be organized in morning and afternoon sessions with two parallel tracks. The first and half of the second day of this Specialty Conference will include presentations by well-renowned international keynote speakers which will provide an overview of the latest developments in key desalination industry topic areas, of recent scientific and technology breakthroughs, and of new trends aiming at breaking the cost and energy barriers of desalination. The afternoon of the second day of the conference will include a visit to SWCC desalination and technology demonstration facilities showcasing a number of innovative technologies of the DTRI of SWCC that were recently developed inhouse or created in partnership with key industry partners such as Hydranautics, FEDCO, Toyobo, Waterise, Fluid Technology Solutions, ERI, Pacifica Water Systems, and the University of California Los Angeles. Some of the new technologies that will be demonstrated for the first time in public during the site visit include: full-scale underwater desalination unit operating

IDA-SWCC Upcoming Events

on seawater column pressure; energy recovery system with efficiency of over 98.5% with design that eliminates the need for brine booster pump; SWRO membranes with rejection of 99.93% and superior productivity which contain chemically induced nano-structures; membranes that achieve salinity of 250 ppt in two-stage low pressure brine concentration system; clean-in-place system (CIP) for cartridge filters, and a number of other inventions. The Call for Extended Abstracts is now open and submission under the following topics are welcome Topics include: ʞ Innovative Technologies for Breaking the Cost and Energy Barriers of Desalination ʞ Advances in Membrane Science and Technology ʞ Latest Developments in High Recovery Desalination ʞ Renewable Energy Driven Desalination Systems ʞ Latest Generation Energy Recovery Equipment and Systems ʞ Novelties in Seawater Pretreatment and Post-treatment ʞ Brine Concentrate Management, Ocean Mining and ZLD Innovations ʞ Out-of-the-Box Emerging Desalination Technologies ʞ Digitalization of Desalination ʞ Road-mapping of the Future of Desalination Technology 67

Conference Chairman: Dr. Ahmad S. Al-Amoudi, President Conference Technical Program Committee Chairman: Mr. Nikolay Voutchkov, Senior Expert Conference Technical Program Committee: Dr. Christopher Fellows, Senior Expert Mr. Fritz Alt, Senior Expert Dr. Basel Al Sharkh, Senior Expert Dr. Seungwon Ihm, Senior Expert Dr. Young Yoo, Senior Expert Mr. Borja Blanco, CEO, Aqua Advise, Spain Mr. Devesh Sharma, Managing Director, Aquatech, USA Mr. Miguel Angel Sanz, Director of Strategic Development, Suez, France Mr. Silvio Oliva, Chief Executive Officer Fisia Italimpianti S.p.A., Italy Mr. Victor Verbeek, General Manager for Australia & New Zealand Regional, Toray Membrane Australia Dr. Domingo Zarzo, Technical and R&D Manager, Sacyr Water, Spain 68

Upcoming Events IDA-SWCC

Submit an Extended Abstract by June 1, 2021 Shortlisted authors will be notified by June 15, 2021 with full papers due by August 15, 2021. Final ppt presentations are due by September 10, 2021. More information can be found here – and for any questions please contact papers@idadesal.org. *Accepted Technical papers may also be considered for the IDA 2022 World Congress Technical Program, in Sydney, Australia May 29-June 2, 2022. SWCC/DTRI will select and sponsor Best Paper Awards. The awards will be as follows: Premier Best Paper and Best Paper. The Premier Best Paper will reward the recipient US$10,000 and The Best Paper will have a reward of US$5,000. Submit your Extended Abstract

US$10,000 Premier Best Paper

US$5,000 Best Paper

Become a Sponsor Platinum US$ 100,000

Gold US$ 50,000

Includes 12 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space

Includes 8 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space

Silver US$ 25,000

Bronze US$ 10,000

Includes 5 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space

Includes 3 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space

IDA-SWCC Upcoming Events

SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON OCEAN BRINE MINING FOR DESALINATION October 25-27, 2021 Intercontinental Hotel, Jubail, Saudi Arabia

Upcoming Events IDA-SWCC

The International Desalination Association is pleased to announce its strategic partnership with the renowned Desalination Technology Research Institute (DTRI) and Saline Water Conversion Cooperation (SWCC) for a 3-day Specialty Conference on Ocean Brine Mining for Desalination, October 25-27, 2021, Intercontinental Hotel, Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Jointly organized by the IDA and DTRI of SWCC, under the patronage of the Minister of Environment, Water, and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, this specialty conference is a forum for technical experts, scientists, applied researchers, practitioners, and innovators. The aim is to share their latest technologies and experience in brine concentration extraction of valuable minerals. Brine mining is trailblazing a new desalination industry path of Zero Discharge & Cost (ZD&C) desalination. This landmark event aims to capture a new industry trend of turning brine generated by desalination plants from a waste product into a sustainable and valuable alternative source of minerals currently obtained by terrestrial mining. The conference will provide a unique forum to experts and innovators in this new and promising field to share their knowledge and experience on leading-edge

IDA-SWCC Upcoming Events

technologies that convert cost-effectively brine into mineral products and extract rare metals of strategic importance for advanced industries, including lithium, cesium, rubidium, barium. The conference’s Day 1 Program is entitled “Technologies for Brine Concentration and Zero Liquid Discharge.” It explores themes such as State of the Art of Thermal Brine Concentration, Brine Concentration for Harvesting of Minerals, and The Future of Brine Concentration – Next Generation Technologies. Day 2, “Technologies for Mining of Minerals and Metals from Brine,” focuses on state-of-the-art of brine extraction technologies. Day 3 has a session on “Case Studies for Desalination Brine Mining” showcasing projects for successful brine mining, an Expert Forum on “Brine Mining Challenges and Solutions,” and a visit to the SWCC Brine Mining Research Facility in Jubail and the 320,000 m3/day Ras Al Khair desalination plant. The Call for Extended Abstracts closes on July 1! Topics include: ʞ State of the Art of Thermal Brine Concentration ʞ Advanced Technologies for Membrane Brine Concentration ʞ Non-thermal & Non-membrane Brine Concentration Technologies 71

ʞ Brine Concentration for Harvesting of Minerals ʞ Brine Concentration for Harvesting of Rare Metals ʞ Brine Concentration for Zero Liquid Discharge ʞ Case Studies for Brine Concentration ʞ Case Studies for Zero Liquid Discharge

ʞ Lowering Cost and Energy Use Barriers for Brine Concentration ʞ The Future of Brine Concentration – Next Generation Technologies *Accepted Technical papers may also be considered for the IDA WC 2022 Technical Program.

Submit an Extended Abstract by July 1, 2021 Authors will be notified by July 15, 2021 and will have to forward their full paper by September 1, 2021. In addition, presentations must be submitted by October 10, 2021. You will be qualified to receive the cash award and/or the scholarship only if your work is shortlisted and you submit your presentation and full paper by no later than September 1, 2021. For questions regarding the conference please contact papers@idadesal.org, or Dr. Christopher Fellows at cmichael@swcc.gov. sa or Eng. Nikolay Voutchkov at nvoutchkov@ swcc.gov.sa. For more information, please, click here.

Submit your Extended Abstract

Sponsorship Opportunities Platinum US$ 100,000

Gold US$ 50,000

Includes 12 free conference registrations Includes 8 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space and one table-top exhibit space

Silver US$ 25,000

Bronze US$ 10,000

Includes 5 free conference registrations Includes 3 free conference registrations and one table-top exhibit space and one table-top exhibit space

SWCC/DTRI will select and sponsor Best Paper Awards. The awards will be as follows: Premier Best Paper and Best Paper. The Premier Best Paper will reward the recipient US$10,000 and The Best Paper will have a reward of US$5,000.

US$10,000

Premier Best Paper

US$5,000 Best Paper

Two researchers will also be awarded 6-month DTRI Scholarships for the funding and pilot testing of their research at the DTRI center in Jubail. The scholarships will cover all expenses of the selected scientists to travel to Jubail and to pilot test and advance the development of their technologies for 6 months at the DTRI and will provide 6-month stipendium/salary for the period of the scholarship. The two scholarships to be awarded by DTRI/SWCC are: ʞ Scholarship for Advancement of Mineral Extraction Technology ʞ Scholarship for Advancement of Rare Metal Extraction Technology

Download the Brochure with the Full Program

PUB-IDA Business Forum on Desalination and Water Reuse Tuesday, June 29, 2021 From 3:00 pm - 4:30 pm CEST (9-10:30 pm GMT +8)

For more information about the IDA member registration discount, contact IDA at info@idadesal.org

IDA is pleased to present the upcoming webinar on myths and misconceptions of desalination in collaboration with the IDA Academy, the IDA Environment and Energy Committee, the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) of Saudi Arabia, and their Desalination Technology Research Institute (DTRI).

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS OF DESALINATION Webinar Wednesday July 14, 2021 10:00 AM – 11:20 AM EST USA Moderator and Speaker: - Mr. Devesh Sharma, IDA First Vice President and Managing Director, Aquatech International Speakers: - H.E. Eng. Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Al-Abdulkareem, Governor of Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) Welcome Remarks - Eng. Nikolay Voutchkov, DTRI Topic: Concentrate Management – Challenges & Solutions - Dr. Gonzalo Delacamara, IMDEA Topic : The Benefits of Desalination in Terms of Long-Term Water Security and Climate Change Adaptation - Eng Youngwook Yoo, DTRI Topic: Carbon Footprint of Desalination Plants - Eng. Leon Awerbuch, LET Topic: Green Energy Solutions for Desalination - Dr. Byungsung Park, DTRI Topic: Path Towards Chemical Free Desalination

Non Members 77

wrr.idadesal.org

#IDAWRR2021 78

IDA WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING CONFERENCE: CALL FOR PAPERS CLOSING JUNE 30TH SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE WITH THE INDUSTRY’S TOP PROFESSIONALS AND PUBLIC POLICY MAKERS DURING IDA’S WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING CONFERENCE Selection Process All Extended abstracts will be initially reviewed for content and relevance to the theme of the Conference. Accepted abstracts will be allocated to a related session and authors will be required to submit a PowerPoint (subject to approval) for onsite Abstracts can address any of the following presentation. Submissions will be accepted on the basis of technical merit. topics: ʞ Cutting-Edge Technologies Extended Abstract Submissions ʞ Direct and Indirect Potable Reuse To be considered for placement in the ʞ Non-Potable and Agricultural Reuse program, authors should submit an ʞ Water Quality Monitoring and Control extended abstract through the online Paper ʞ Advanced Technologies for Joint Management System accessible on the IDA Desalination and Water Reuse website. Extended abstracts will be accepted ʞ Industrial Water Reuse and Recycling up to 30 June 2021. All technical program ʞ Best Practices in Reuse questions or concerns should be directed to ʞ Health Concerns in Water Reuse info@idadesal.org. Please be sure to title the subject line of your email “IDA 2021 WRR Conference”. IDA is currently accepting extended abstracts for oral presentation during the 2021 WRR Conference. Accepted abstracts will contain original work and findings on a wide variety of topics related to Water Reuse and Recycling.

DISCOVER THE AGENDA

Any questions can be addressed to papers@ idadesal.org

wrr.idadesal.org

2021 WATER REUSE AND CONSERVATION AWARDS At the 2021 Water Reuse and Recycling Conference, IDA will confer the prestigious Water Reuse and Conservation Awards to three outstanding individuals and organizations who have demonstrated exceptional performance and contributions to the field.

Outstanding Professional in Water Reuse and Conservation

Presented in recognition of exceptional contributions to the development and implementation of landmark water reuse projects; and the advancement of technology and applied science in water reuse and conservation.

Exceptional Utility Leader in Water Reuse and Conservation

Presented In recognition of outstanding performance of public and private utilities that have implemented successful leading-edge water reuse and conservation programs and projects.

Industry Technology and Innovation in Water Reuse and Conservation

Presented to recognize the outstanding performance of technology and equipment providers that have achieved disruptive advances in water reuse and conservation technology allowing for significant reduction in energy use, carbon footprint, and costs of alternative water supplies.

COMPLETE YOUR NOMINATION TODAY! The nomination period concludes July 15th, 2021. Any questions can be addressed to awards@idadesal.org 80

wrr.idadesal.org

IDA 2021 Water Reuse and Recycling Conference Sponsors Diamond Sponsor

Silver Sponsor

Memo Book Sponsor

Strategic Partners

Media Partners

To learn more about the conference and take advantage of early registration rates, please visit the IDA 2021 International Water Reuse and Recycling Conference website.

DEADLINE TO SUBMIT, 15 SEPTEMBER 2021 SUBMIT YOUR EXTENDED ABSTRACT FOR CHARTING RESILIENT WATER SOLUTIONS We are thrilled to host IDA World Congress 2022 in Sydney, Australia! As the countdown begins we invite you to submit an extended abstract to be considered for inclusion in IDA’s 19th Biennial World Congress Technical Program before 15 September 2021. The Technical Program will cover 12 topics: 1. Seawater and Brackish Water 2.

3. 4. 5.

Desalination Water Reuse, Potable and Non-Potable including Public Outreach Industrial Water and Wastewater Treatment Coupling Desalination and Renewable Energy Emerging Technologies, Emerging

Issues and Emerging Contaminants 6. Membrane Science 7. Environment and Sustainability 8. Governance, Finance, and Project Delivery 9. Thermal Desalination 10. Pre-Treatment and Post Treatment 11. Plant Operations and Digitization 12. Brine management and resource recovery

Submit an Extended Abstract Technical Program Committee Members Dr. Mike Dixon, Dr. Domingo Zarzo and Dr. Giancarlo Barassi the IDA 2022 World Congress call for extended abstracts!

IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS SPONSORS Institutional Partners

Titanium Sponsor

Gold Sponsor

Silver Sponsors

Outback Discussion Theater Sponsor

YLP Sponsor

Congress sponsorship opportunities that include exhibit space are also now available; for more information, contact sponsorships@idadesal.org IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

A MESSAGE FROM OUR SPONSORS ROPV AND DUPONT WATER SOLUTIONS:

Book Your Exhibition Space Now! The exhibition is the epicenter of the World Congress, offering easy access to four days of technical sessions, high-level plenary sessions, a Leaders Summit, business discussions, IDA Academy courses, and networking events. Book your exhibition space soon and take advantage of the early bird and IDA loyalty exhibitor rates!

IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS EXHIBITORS TO DATE

IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS PARTNERS IDA Aff iliate

Endorsed by

IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

GET READY! Pitch your technology solution to a full house of global decision-makers and investors in water desalination, reuse and advanced water treatment

IDA Innovation Forum 2022 AT WORLD CONGRESS: CHARTING RESILIENT WATER SOLUTIONS MONDAY, 30 MAY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 14:30-17:30

Description: The IDA Innovation Forum, new to the World Congress, is specifically designed to introduce new and innovative solutions from Universities, Research Centers, Technology Developers, and start-up companies to major organizations in the water and energy sectors, venture capitalists and developers and private investor’s. Who can submit? The Awards are open to all companies and organizations. The submission should have special emphasis on innovative energy reduction and environmental considerations; building a sustainable future with financial resilience, and innovation.

IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

Selection process: The winners will be Sponsorship offers the unique opportunity selected by an international, cross-sector to showcase your organization as a panel of judges. contributor to innovation in our industry. Your logo will be displayed on Innovation Sponsorship: A grand prize will be Forum branding and listed in the awarded to the winning proposal The Conference Final Program. IDA R&D Committee will try to raise the industrial sponsorship and presented at Innovation Forum Travel Support Sponsor the IDA World Congress Gala dinner on The Innovation Forum Support SponWednesday, November 10th. sorship offers a unique opportunity to support leading innovators in their need Become a Sponsor of the Innovation for travel support to attend and pitch their Forum! technology if they are one of the eight teams shortlisted. Innovation Forum Award Sponsor Support innovation with this impressive SUBMIT YOUR PROPOSAL award! The Innovation Forum Award TODAY, VISIT

IDA WORLD CONGRESS 2022

IDA AFFILIATE CORNER 88

IDANEWS

UPDATE ON THE AMERICAN MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION By Kim Shugar, AMTA’s Executive Director Even with the challenges of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, the American Membrane Technology Association (AMTA) and its affiliates have continued to find ways to advance the application of membrane filtration and desalting processes through education, networking and advocacy to meet the ever-increasing need for safe, affordable and reliable water supplies. Like many organizations, AMTA and its affiliates moved knowledge transfer online during the pandemic. While it does not replace important in-person networking, it has provided an opportunity for members and non-members to benefit from the expertise of the association’s members. On-line education has been successful, so AMTA intends to continue a virtual presence even when in-person events resume. AMTA, in conjunction with the American Water Works Association (AWWA) just completed a Membrane Master Class webinar series, a four-part program that addressed the current trends and best practices in the development and implementation of membrane technologies. If you were unable to listen in, you can still register for on-demand access.

IDANEWS

This year, AMTA will be holding two other webinar series that will focus on ceramic membranes and membrane cleaning. The association is currently developing two additional virtual opportunities that are intended to create engagement opportunities that will conversations with membrane experts. The launch of the two new programs will be announced soon. Additionally, AMTA affiliates have continued to provide Membrane Operator Classes through webinars that provide operators training on the use, design and maintenance of membrane systems.

AMTA continues to support innovation and research through the Student Fellowship Program. Three fellowship opportunities are available each year.

With examples of safe in-person events occurring, AMTA and AWWA are moving forward with the 2021 Membrane Technology Conference and Exposition (MTC) as an in-person event that will be 89

held in West Palm Beach, FL, July 19 - 22. The premier showcase for membrane technology in North America will explore the latest developments in membrane filtration, reuse, desalting, RO/NF/MF/UF and MBR for water treatment. I encourage you to join us in sunny south Florida. Later in 2021, AMTA will be holding three regional in-person technology transfer workshops hosted with our affiliates. AMTA continues furthering the association’s other programs. AMTA continues to expand a digital library that houses copies of papers and PowerPoint presentations presented at (or prepared for) MTC. AMTA continues to coordinate the development of (and updates) technology fact sheets.

AMTA continues to support innovation and research through the Student Fellowship Program. Three fellowship opportunities are available each year. Two fellowships are available because of support from its partners, the National Water Research Institute and the United States Bureau of Reclamation. AMTA continues to partner with organizations to help eliminate regulatory barriers for membranes and identify opportunities to educate policymakers on the advancement of membranes. For information on upcoming events, visit www.amtaorg.com. AMTA looks forward to our continued partnership with IDA. Please let AMTA know you we can support you!

About the Author Ms. Kim Shugar is AMTA’s Executive Director. She is based in Tallahassee, Florida, and has been involved in the water sector for more than 25 years. Kim has more than 15 years of senior executive experience in water and environmental policy, natural resource management, program administration and organizational management. She has served in senior level positions within Florida state and regional agencies and for the City of Longmont, Colorado. Most recently, Kim served as deputy director for the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and Policy Chief for the Agriculture and Natural Resources Subcommittee in the

Florida House of Representatives. Kim has an MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences from the University of Florida and a BS in Biology from Mercer University. When not working, Kim enjoys a variety of outdoor activities, including running, hiking, walking her dogs, biking, and being on the water.

IDANEWS

IDA EVENTS/PARTNER EVENTS

SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL WATER WEEK June 21 - July 2, 2021

PUB-IDA BUSINESS FORUM ON DESALINATION AND WATER REUSE June 29, 2021 9:00-10:30 am CEST

CARIBDA 2021 BIENNIAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION

June 29–July 2, 2021 Grand Hyatt Baya Mar, Nassau, Bahamas

IDA-DTRI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DESALINATION – MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS WEBINAR

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON DESALINATION BRINE MINING October 25-27, 2021 Jubail, Saudi Arabia

MEMBRANE DESALINATION 2021 (MEMDES2021) NOVEMBER 14-17, 2021 Shanghai, China

EUROPEAN DESALINATION SOCIETY DESALINATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT: CLEAN WATER AND ENERGY November 21-25, 2021 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

July 14, 2021

AMTA/AWWA MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION

IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS May 29-June 2, 2022 Sydney, Australia

July 19-22, 2021 West Palm Beach, Florida, USA

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN DESALINATION September 27-29, 2021 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

IDA 2021 INTERNATIONAL WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING CONFERENCE October 11–13, 2021 Rome, Italy wrr.idadesal.org

Check IDA Events here

IDANEWS

91 91

IDA WELCOMES NEW MEMBERS Breg BV

BREG reaches out to local communities and partners delivering complete renewable energy solutions and creating sustainable value. BREG is present in the market of renewable energy projects (Wind – Solar – Biomass – Waste to Energy) and in the agricultural market to develop sustainable production methods. Although rooted locally, they think and act global as a project owner or in partnerships. BREG unites international experts in all project departments acting globally and delivering custom-made solutions and always with a dedicated focus on value creation. More information.

Denys

Denys is an independent Belgian construction group employing up to 2400 people worldwide. Our growth model is based on three pillars: diversification, innovation and export. We don’t innovate in one specialism, but as a total business in several disciplines: water and waste water treatment, civil engineering, tunneling, pipeline works, marine works, special techniques and other specialized building techniques. Together all these disciplines form a total business, the Denys Group, a preferred partner for the most complex water projects and infrastructure work. In order to provide maximum space for that diversified growth, we have been working steadily on expanding internationally. Our expansion is stable and sustainable, and deeply rooted in years of experience and technical competences. Today we have a firm foothold in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and South America. We are busy exploring markets such as Asia, Central and North America. More information.

Hydro Industries

Hydro Industries Limited (Hydro) is a UK technology company that designs, builds, operates, finances and licenses effective solutions for water treatment. Hydro offers end–to-end treatment solutions based on a range of specific, complimentary and modular process steps. Its solutions are custom designed for Individual clients across an unprecedented range of industrial and drinking water applications. Since its inception in 2010, Hydro has deliberately focussed on the development of its core technologies in order to create a wide spectrum of solutions, applicable across a wide range of industries and geographies. More information.

IDA WELCOMES NEW MEMBERS Waterise

Waterise is a Norwegian company with groundbreaking, game-changing and ready to use technology for subsea desalination. The Waterise solution combines existing SWRO technology with subsea equipment and technology developed for Oil & Gas applications and used successfully for decades. It reduces Capex and Opex requirements, with significantly better energy consumption and a much improved environmental footprint. It also eliminates the need for large and expensive coastal land requirements and provides additional plant safety and security. Waterise offers to develop projects under BOT procurement models, designing, financing and operating subsea desalination projects for its clients at very competitive water prices. More information.

Water techonologies de México

Water Technologies de México is a Mexican company dedicated to providing water treatment solutions. Water Technologies de México design, manufacture, install and start up plants to treat any type of water, intended for human consumption and/or industrial processes. Water Technologies de México offer an integral service in water treatment that meets the requirements and needs of our customers in terms of quality, time and costs. "To be better, faster and at the lowest cost". More information.

Solar Water Solutions

Solar Water Solutions makes clean water with solar power. Affordable and sustainable desalination can revolutionize economies in the developing world and in the water-thirsty regions globally. Our patented reverse osmosis technology was listed on the TIME’s Best Inventions of 2020. More information.

IDA CORPORATE MEMBERS share their news on the IDA website! Discover updates about the water community, here 93

Become an

IDA Member Today!

As the world is faced with a rapidly increasing demand for fresh water, our sector stands on the threshold of unprecedented growth, poised between the reality of future climate change and the immediate need for sustainable water solutions. More than ever before is a network of global connections needed, so stakeholders are ready to ﬁght water scarcity with sustainable water solutions.

Membership Beneﬁts: • Voting privileges for IDA Board of Directors election and constitutional changes each term • Ability to run for IDA Board of Directors after one year of membership • Participation in Board Committees and activities • If under 35, you are eligible to apply for IDA’s YLP Program, IDA Fellowship Program, and the Channabasappa Scholarship • Discounted registration to all IDA events and various partner events • Free registration to all IDA Webinars • Discounted registration to all IDA Academy Training events (note: does not include events where IDA Academy is a supporting partner) • Access to the IDA Directory of Manuscripts • Access to IDA Membership Database and social networking portal • Subscription to IDA Global Connections quarterly publication • Complimentary Copy of IDA Water Security Handbook. Produced with GWI

Established in 1973, IDA is a non-proﬁt 501 (c) (6) organization, bringing together people, ideas, and knowledge to advance sustainable water solutions. We are a UN recognized non-governmental organization (NGO) and partner of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization WASAG – Global Framework on water scarcity in agriculture. For more information on membership, please contact membership@idadesal.org or view www.idadesal.org.

In 2019, the IDA established the IDA Sustainable Water Resources Foundation, a US non-proﬁt 501 (c) (3) organization that promotes creative solutions to the world’s most pressing water challenges. SWRF supports innovation by advocating clean energy solutions, organizing educational programs and projects concerning the nexus of water, energy, food, and the environment. To learn more, visit www.idaswrf.org.

IDA Global Connections offers companies an outstanding opportunity to show their support for the IDA and advanced water treatment industry that we serve, while reaching approximately 10,000 industry professionals around the world. IDA offers a variety of sponsorship opportunities. For details, please visit www.idadesal.org or contact sponsorships@idadesal.org. DOWNLOAD DE THE MEDIA KIT HERE!

Ms. Shannon McCarthy Secretary General

Karen A. Zilinek

Alessandra Michelangeli

Cristina Mauleón

Anne Mulrooney

Deputy Secretary General

Social Media and Marketing

Project Coordinator

Connecting People and Ideas to Water Solutions

Address P.O. Box 387 Topsfield, MA 01983 USA Phone +1-978-774-0959

IDA Global Connections - Spring 2021

Articles inside

IDA WELCOMES NEW MEMBERS

IDA EVENTS / PARTNER EVENTS

IDA AFFILIATE CORNER

IDA 2022 WORLD CONGRESS IN SYDNEY

IDA 2021 WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING CONFERENCE IN ROME

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACTS OF DESALINATION WEBINAR

PUB-IDA BUSINESS FORUM ON DESALINATION & WATER REUSE

SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON OCEAN BRINE MINING FOR DESALINATION

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN DESALINATION

IDA TALKS

FAVORITE PAPERS

WAVES TO WATER

R&D SPOTLIGHT:

FINANCE CORNER

UTILITY LEADER INSIGHT

UTILITY LEADER INSIGHT

EXECUTIVE INSIGHT

COVER STORY

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL