Interlock Design - Spring 2018

THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVEMENT INSTITUTE

interloc

esign

®

volume 24 number 2

ICP-022

Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute 14801 Murdock Street, Suite 230 Chantilly, VA 20151

Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute 14801 Murdock Street, Suite 230 Chantilly, VA 20151

ICP-038

PRSRT STD U.S. POSTAGE PAID Madison, WI Permit 29

PLANKS DEFINED BOX STORE BEAUTIFICATION DC RIVERSMART PICP REBATES SILICA FAQS LA FOUNDATION ON PAVER PERFORMANCE ICPI SOFTWARE REVIEW

® EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Charles McGrath, CAE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR: Dennis Smith EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: David R. Smith DESIGNER: Amy Liss

Beauty against the beast: A brilliant solution to an employee break space created with segmental concrete paving and wall units.

5 the

contents

FEATURES 05 RELAXING OUTSIDE THE BOX

Photo Credit: Belgard

SPRING 2018

CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: Robert Bowers, P.Eng.

14801 Murdock Street, Suite 230 Chantilly, VA 20151 Tel 703.657.6900 Fax 703.657.6901 Email icpi@icpi.org ICPI Canada P.O. Box 1150 Uxbridge, ON L9P 1N4 Canada SUBSCRIPTION AND MEMBERSHIP: Qualified design professionals can receive a complimentary subscription — email us at icpi@icpi.org.

For further information about this publication or about membership in ICPI, write to the appropriate address, call 703.657.6900 or fax 703.657.6901.

Send story submissions for consideration to dsmith@icpi.org.

Manage your subscription at www.icpi.org.

Concrete pavers transform damaged concrete slab by a big box store into oasis.

09 RIVERSMART PROGRAM Lot by lot, DC is converting impermeable pavements to PICP to reduce runoff.

Interlock Design is published quarterly by the members of the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) for producers, suppliers, contractors, specifiers and users of interlocking concrete pavements.

The opinions expressed in Interlock Design articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the editor or ICPI.

DEPARTMENTS 02 INTERLOCKUTOR

ICPI Webinar Seminars Register at: www.icpi.org/view/events

13 SILICA FAQS 17 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FOUNDATION

esign®

20 ICPI SOFTWARE PROGRAMS LINEUP

interloc

24 KNOWLEDGE BASE CALIFORNIA GROUP HOSTS PICP SEMINARS 27 MAIN EVENTS

ADVERTISING DAN HARTZOG danH@llmpubs.com | 503-445-2229 PAUL VOLLMER paul@llmpubs.com | 503-445-2222 DESIGN AMY LISS amy@llmpubs.com | 503-445-2238 ISSN 1087-9862 The acceptance of advertising in Interlock Design magazine does not constitute or imply the endorsement or recommendation by ICPI or its members, staff, editors or the publishers of any product or service mentioned, referenced or advertised in the publication.

ICPI accepts no responsibility for any claims made in any advertisement. ICPI further reserves the right to refuse to accept any advertisement.

Canada Post Agreement No. 41567031 ©2018 Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute. Visit our website at www.icpi.org.

1

InterlockDesign.org

interlockutor Deciphering Planks, Slabs and Pavers

David R. Smith

A

n increasing number of segmental concrete paving projects include planks, also known as linear pavers. In preparation for eventually developing ASTM and CSA product standards, an initial task for the industry was developing a product definition differentiating planks from slabs and pavers. The intent here is to decrease and eventually remove the interchangeability and potential misconstrual among these product terms. To achieve this, the following definition for planks was recently provided by the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute: yy Finished (exposed) face area ≤ to 288 in.2 (0.185 m2) yy Length divided by thickness ≥ than 4 yy Length divided by width ≥ 4 yy Minimum thickness of 2.36 in. (60 mm) yy Minimum length of 11.75 in. (298 mm) yy Maximum length of 48 in. (1220 mm) yy Minimum width of 2.5 in. (63 mm) This definition frames a dimensional envelope that distinguishes planks from paving slabs and from interlocking concrete pavers described in ASTM and CSA product standards. To better understand the differences, product definitions for slabs and pavers are provided for review at right. Compared to ASTM C936, the CSA paver definition allow for slightly larger units in length and width: 11.8 x 11.8 in. or 300 x 300 mm units. Such units need to be at least 75 mm or almost 3 in. to meet the CSA definition of a paver.

ASTM C1782 Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs

CSA A231.1 Precast Concrete Paving Slabs

Finished face area > 101 in.2 (0.065 m2)

Finished face area > 139.5 in.2 (0.09 m2)

Length divided by thickness > 4

Length divided by thickness > 4

Minimum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm)

Minimum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm)

Maximum length & width of 48 in.

(1220 mm)

Maximum length & width of 39.3 in.

(1000 mm)

ASTM C936 Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units

CSA A231.2 Precast Concrete Pavers

Finished face area ≤ 101 in.2 (0.065 m2)

Finished face area ≤ 139.5 in.2 (0.09 m2)

Length divided by thickness ≤ 4

Length divided by thickness ≤ 4

Minimum thickness of 2.36 in. (60 mm)

Minimum thickness of 2.36 in. (60 mm)

Continues on page 3

2

INTERLOCKUTOR

The Dividing Lines In practical terms, what separates planks from pavers are length and thickness.

Shorter and thicker units (pavers) see superior performance in vehicular traffic because they aren’t as subject to as much bending forces, thereby lowering risk of cracks under tires. A dividing line between planks and pavers is illustrated in the table to the right with a 3 x 12 x 3.125 in. thick paving unit. Some might think it’s a plank but is not. The unit is a concrete paver that meets C936 and CSA A231.2 definitions.

In addition, its length divided by thickness or aspect ratio is less than or equal to 4, making it acceptable for limited vehicular traffic such as a residential driveway. If the unit was thicker, say 4 in., the aspect ratio would be 3, thereby capable of accepting parking lot and roadway traffic. In contrast, a 3 x 12 in. unit with thickness of 2.36 in. or 60 mm has an aspect ratio of 5, thereby meeting the plank definition. This unit should be used in pedestrian applications only.

interloc

esign®

SPRING 2018

Continued from page 2

3

InterlockDesign.org

Criteria

Plank Definition

3 x 12 x 3.125 in. unit

Meets Plank Definition

Exposed Area

≤ 288 in.2

36 in.2

Yes

Aspect (L/T) Ratio

≥4

3.75

NO

Plan (L/W) Ratio

≥4

4

Yes

Min. Thickness

2.36 in.

3.125 in.

Yes

Min. Length

11.75 in.

12 in.

Yes

Max. Length

48 in.

12 in.

Yes

Width

≥ 2.5 in.

3 in.

Yes

The bottom line is dimensional envelopes.

They have implications on whether to apply them in vehicular traffic and how much. The how much question was answered in the previous (winter) issue’s editorial column.

If you’d like access it now, put www.icpi.org/IDApp into your cell phone and download the new Interlock Design app for Android or Apple devices.

 COVER STORY

SPRING 2018

Relaxing outside the BOX Sheryl S. Jackson

CONCRETE PAVERS TRANSFORM A DAMAGED CONCRETE SLAB INTO OASIS

interloc

esign®

S

tudies demonstrate the importance of comfortable, pleasant work environments on employee satisfaction and productivity.

Whether indoors or out, nature often becomes the forgotten factor when companies plan employee break areas. A brilliant exception is Church Mutual Insurance in Merrill, Wisconsin whose employees enjoy an impressive outdoor kitchen, seating areas, flowers and greenery. The catch here is the landscaping doesn’t adorn Class A office space. It’s next to a recycled box store, the former garden center of a Wal-Mart building leased by the insurance company to expand office space for its headquarters.

“Church Mutual’s CEO was looking for an inviting place for their 165 employees to relax and enjoy their break from the office,” says Carey Owen, owner of Colorscapes by Carey in Mount Pleasant, WI. “Their headquarters building encourages employees to get outside and into many walking paths and gardens.” Even though the company was converting a big box

5

InterlockDesign.org

store into an office space, the CEO wanted a pleasant outdoor area for employees to use, she adds.

The design displays residential backyard hardscape icons: raised planters, an outdoor kitchen, concrete paver patio and pergola for shade over dining tables, etc. The challenge, however, was working within restrictions set by the building owner. “The patio was built on top of the cracked, uneven concrete pad that was the former garden center,” explains Ms. Owen.

“I conducted research to see how to work over uneven, damaged concrete and found little information.” Removing the concrete pad was not an option because Church Mutual was leasing the building, and the owner did not want any permanent changes to the original property, including removal and replacement of the cracked concrete. This meant installing pavers, planters and retaining walls on top of an uneven platform.

Originally, the retaining walls and planters were planned for a grassy area adjacent

Beauty against the beast: A brilliant solution to an employee break space created with segmental concrete paving and wall units.

Raising the pavers 6 inches enabled irrigation lines to be run under them.

to the slab. However, an easement for the Trans-Canada pipeline runs through the property. Because the concrete slabs were located within it, but built prior to that easement, all construction had to be placed on the slabs. “We had to use mortar and shims made of pieces of the block to level the retaining walls,” explains Steve Cooper, owners of PICS, the contractor.

“We’d start with a thick bed of mortar and shim pieces that ran from one to three inches across the length of the wall.” Rebar was used to anchor the wall to the existing concrete slab and the block was filled with concrete to protect the wall against vehicles or snow plows pushing it over.

The raised planter walls are tied to geogrid for reinforcement. Underdrains

set 2.5 ft. deep are surrounded by washed aggregate and covered by geotextile. The remaining space is composted topsoil and mulch filled with bulbs, annuals, perennials and small shrubs. The concrete pavers are 2 3/8 inches thick set on 1 in. of sand over 2¼ in. of base material.

There was nothing typical about installation in this project, says Ms. Owen. The paver soldier course was 6-inch thick step units mortared to the slab. “The step units solved a couple of challenges,” she says.

“They provided a normal step height onto the patio that avoids a trip hazard or an awkward step while providing enough space to run irrigation lines under the pavers.” Another subtle safety item: Ms. Owen set bullnose pavers on top of the planters

Continues on page 7

6

Cover Story continued from page 6

PROJECT CREDITS OWNER: CHURCH MUTUAL INSURANCE

SPRING 2018

COVER STORY

Relaxing Outside the Box

DESIGNER & PROJECT MANAGER: CAREY OWEN, COLORSCAPES BY CAREY, MOUNT PLEASANT, WI CONTRACTOR: PICS INC., RHINELANDER, WI PHOTO CREDITS: FINISHED PROJECT PHOTOS COURTESY OF COUNTY MATERIALS CORPORATION CONSTRUCTION PHOTO COURTESY OF CAREY OWEN, COLORSCAPES BY CAREY A 2017 WINNER OF THE HARDSCAPE NORTH AMERICA PROJECT AWARDS to ensure that clothing was not snagged as employees gathered in the area and sat on the walls.

Following a six-week delay from resolving the pipeline easement issue, construction began late September in 2015. By the end of the year everything was complete except for the grill and kitchen area, which was finished the following spring. The value of the project is $300,000 and approximately 4,500 sf of concrete pavers were used, says Ms. Owen. “The client was happy that employees now have an oasis just outside the office doors,” she says. “The use of pavers surrounded by tall retaining walls block the sound of passing traffic. Plus, flowers and plants around the space created an ideal space for lunch or work celebrations.”

Wall-sitting is encouraged with bullnose capping pavers on the walls.

interloc

esign®

Moveable Feast The landlord’s requirement of not physically altering the property means that when the insurance company leaves the building, the site needs to remain in its original, pre-patio condition, cracked concrete slabs and all. The convenience of segmental concrete walls and pavers means the tenant can disassemble and reinstate the entire assembly at a new office location. That might explain the high initial investment in this project. For now, the project transcends box store banality and the architectural indifference towards those that work in them.

7

InterlockDesign.org

Set below the surrounding land and customer parking lot reduces the noise entering the area.

8

 RiverSmart Program

SPRING 2018

By Sheryl Jackson

Permeable Pavers Help Relieve DC Sewers and Streams Washington DC Citizens Support RiverSmart Program Rebates

Collaborating neighbors enabled transformation of their alley in Washington, DC into PICP thanks to the RiverSmart program.

R

interloc

esign®

eplacing a broken, disintegrating concrete alley shared by multiple neighbors can be an expensive, overwhelming proposition for any one homeowner, but four neighbors in Washington D.C. replaced an unsightly private alley with permeable interlocking concrete pavers at a more reasonable cost as part of a stormwater best practices rebate program. This project is one of almost 500 impervious surface transformations to vegetation, permeable pavers, or to a combination since the 2009 inception of the District of Columbia’s Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE) RiverSmart program.

9

InterlockDesign.org

Administered by DOEE in partnership with the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, RiverSmart offers different rebate programs for schools, non profits, community organizations such as houses of worship, as well as residences, explained Laura Todd, RiverSmart Program Coordinator for the Alliance.

“The RiverSmart Homes program offers incentives for single-family homeowners to install green infrastructure such as rain barrels, shade trees, rain gardens, BayScaping (landscaping with selected native vegetation) and permeable pavers. Projects start with a stormwater audit conducted by a DOEE auditor. “The auditors take a holistic look at the property and recommend best stormwater mitigation

15

strategies for the property,” said Todd. Once the homeowner determines what upgrades are to be made to the property, the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay arranges for the work to be done and the homeowner is only responsible for a co-payment for the tree, rain barrel, BayScape or rain garden.

Co-pays ranges from $50 for a rain barrel to $100 for 120 square feet of BayScape.

“Homeowners who do not want to wait for an audit and rather schedule their own contractors or do it themselves can apply for one of the RiverSmart rebate programs,” she said.

The permeable paver component of the RiverSmart Homes program is also a rebate program, with a rebate of $10 per square foot of impervious surface replaced with permeable pavers, up to 1,200 square feet. “In some sections of D.C. that involve combined sanitary and storm sewers, we do not set a limit on the project size,” said Todd. To qualify for the rebate, homeowners must submit an application package that includes soil percolation test results, cost estimates and site plan drawings, and must undergo pre-construction review and approval by DOEE.

Although only about 50 percent of the homeowners who install permeable pavers undergo the RiverSmart audit, all must use a contractor with a ICPI Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Specialist designation. “We have 10 contractors on our list of installers who we have vetted and approved for the rebate program, and we work with the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute to provide the course to area contractors at least once each year,” said Andrew Oetman, an environmental protection specialist in the Watershed Management Division of DOEE. Homeowners can select an installer that is not on the list, but the contractor must hold a PICP Record of Completion, he added.

“Most permeable paver projects in our rebate program are relatively small—driveways, parking pads or patios,” said Oetman.

“In addition to the $10 per square foot rebate for the cost of installing pavers in place of an impervious surface, homeowners can receive a $5 per square foot rebate to remove an impervious surface and replace with vegetation,” he says. For this reason, homeowners will often remove an impervious surface and replace with a

Ten contractors successfully completed the ICPI PICP Specialist course so they can qualify for participating in the RiverSmart program that helps transition the earth’s surface back to a permeable condition. These two projects include vegetation which also is reimbursed by the program.

Continues on page 11

10

RIVER-SMART PROGRAM SPRING 2018

esign® interloc

RiverSmart

RIVERSMART SNAPSHOT OF SUCCESS

Continued from page 10

combination of pavers and vegetation to maximize rebates and keep costs down.

Larger projects in residential areas are not as common due to the expense as well as the lot sizes of homes, but Oetman recently had four homeowners who shared a concrete alley between and behind their homes join together to replace the concrete with pavers. “After two homeowners underwent a RiverSmart Homes audit, they got together with their other two neighbors to split the cost of the project,” said Oetman. Knowing that they would receive a rebate of $10 per square foot, which can be one-third or more of the cost of installation, encouraged all four to support the project, he adds. “The rebate, plus the economy of scale—doing the project at one time made sense.”

All sites that disturb 5,000 square feet or more of land are not eligible for RiverSmart program rebates, said Oetman. “These sites already fall under regulations that require the use of best practices to mitigate stormwater drainage.” The RiverSmart program is designed to incentivize those who are not mandated by regulations, he explained.

There have also been a few small nonresidential projects, including a small restaurant and a few church parking lots, that combined vegetation and permeable pavers to remove impervious surfaces in areas prone to flooding, said Oetman. Although individual projects may be small, they add up to a significant amount of space, he added. “In fiscal year 2018, which began October 2017, we have already removed 41 impervious surfaces for a total of 27,000 square feet. Of this total, 8,000 square feet was replaced with vegetation and 19,000 square feet was replaced with permeable pavers.”

The program is on target to surpass the number of impervious surfaces removed in fiscal year 2017, which was 58 for the year. “I do see a trend of more interest in permeable pavers,” admitted Oetman. He pointed out that RiverSmart audits present all options for the homeowner, with pavers as one option if appropriate for the home.

11

InterlockDesign.org

“We do not sell any specific approach to stormwater management, and we do not require the homeowner to install any of our suggestions,” he explained. “We see the audit as an opportunity to educate homeowners about all strategies that can improve stormwater management.”

There are similar rebate programs throughout the U.S. The first program was established in Palo Alto in the mid-1990s, and other municipalities including Montgomery County, Maryland and the City of Philadelphia offer programs. The Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Commission also offers permeable pavement rebates up to 75 percent of the cost with a $15,000 maximum.

There is a growing trend to offer incentives that encourage residents to better manage water runoff, admitted Oetman. Not only is the program beneficial to the government entity as it relieves strain on (especially combined) storm sewers working at capacity and polluted outflows to streams, but residents are increasingly willing to take steps to improve the environment, he said.

“One thing that makes the RiverSmart paver rebate program stand apart from many of the other programs is that we remove the risk of participation for the homeowner,” Oetman said. “The application process ensures that the project will qualify for the rebate and that the contractor is qualified to handle the project. By ensuring that preapproved contractors are qualified, conducting audits and reviewing plans before construction, the technical and the financial risks for the homeowner are removed.”

RiverSmart Homes’ success relies on impartial audits by Washington D.C.’s Department of Energy and Environment auditors as well as a variety of strategies that offer homeowners low-cost or partial rebate solutions to stormwater management. Homeowners have the choice of strategies, if any, they decide to employ to improve their properties.

SINCE RIVERSMART HOMES PROGRAM STARTED IN 2009 yy 11,709 DC homeowners applied yy 8,270 audits completed yy 4,815 rain barrels installed yy 6,073 trees planted yy 1,335 BayScapes installed yy 902 rain gardens installed yy 409 impervious surfaces removed

IN FISCAL YEAR 2017 yy 1,459 applications received yy 939 audits completed yy 559 rain barrels installed yy 583 trees planted yy 250 BayScapes installed yy 122 rain gardens installed yy 58 impervious surfaces removed —21,717 square feet of permeable pavers installed

12



Silica FAQS SPRING 2018

for

1. Is there a template available to implement the safety program/manual for silica?

Currently, contractors can make use of the following generic construction industry tools: yy Online Tool to Develop a Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure Control Plan provided by The Center for Construction Research and Training yy Sample Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure Control Plan provided by Zurich Insurance North America 2. Regarding OSHA's statement that certain tasks on Table 1 do not require medical monitoring IF an employee does not perform that or other tasks that require using an Assigned Protection Factor or APF 10 (mask/respirator) for more than 30 days.

How do we interpret this—as 30 instances or a total of 30 days with more than 240 hours of work exposure (totaling 30 days)?

For Table 1 visit www.osha.gov/silica/ Table1sect1926.1153.pdf. The OSHA Small Entity Compliance Guide states, “Employers must make an initial or periodic medical examination available to employees who will be required by the silica standard to wear a respirator for 30 or more days per year in the upcoming year (the next 365 days).

interloc

esign®

"If the employee is required to wear a respirator at any time during a day, even if it is just for a few minutes, that counts as one day of respirator use.”

If an employee is required to perform a task that requires a respirator, as a contractor and employer, you will be required to comply with the related OSHA Standards: a. Respiratory Program per 29 CFR 1910.134 Federal OSHA Standard. The Respiratory Program includes: yy Medical evaluation questionnaire yy PFT—Pulmonary Function Test yy Respirator fit test

13

InterlockDesign.org

LAST FALL, THE OSHA DECREASED EXPOSURE LIMITS TO SILICA DUST. HERE ARE SOME PRACTICAL STEPS TOWARDS COMPLIANCE.

paver installation contractors

yy Written respiratory program with documented training b. The Silica Standard 29 CFR 1910.1053 and 29CFR 1926.1153 program requirements include the respiratory program listed above AND the following: yy Physical Exam yy TB Test yy Chest X-Ray – must be read by a NIOSHcertified B Reader yy Written silica exposure control plan with documented training 3. Does the iQ Powertools dry cut saw meet the requirement of not having to use a respirator for a standard paver cut? Is there written data to support the requirement that can be used as part of an employer’s written silica exposure control plan? iQ Powertools has reported that they have objective air monitoring test data to confirm that the tool, when used per manufacturer’s recommendations, meets the OSHA Silica Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Contact iQ Powertools to obtain this test data.

4. Do smaller residential projects have the same rules and regulations as larger commercial projects?

Yes. ICPI recommends that you be prepared, comply with the standard, have a silica exposure program in place and protect the health of your workers.

5. What about homeowners that are working on their own homes?

OSHA standards do not apply to homeowners working on their own property or to contractors who do work by themselves.

It would make sense that homeowners and contractors not jeopardize their health and work to below the PEL. 6. What if you are using a table saw but dry cutting with a vacuum attached? Is this acceptable?

Dry saw cutting concrete with a vacuum system is not listed in Table 1 so you would

have to comply with the Alternate Exposure Control Methods. Determining the exposure reduction level of dry saw cutting with a vacuum system can only be made after Air Monitoring Data is collected using a worker performing that task with the equipment, materials and site conditions in question. It may be possible to confirm the operator, and those in the immediate area, are safely under the PEL if you have objective test data. c. Can you use a respirator in addition to the vacuum?

Use of a respirator will reduce the exposure level by the respirator’s APF. 7. When OSHA’s Table 1 does not give specific control method of using a commercial vacuum system for some tasks, and does for others, may we assume that we can use a commercial vacuum system IF we obtain test results, as OSHA outlines, that would prove we can perform the task below the PEL? Yes. As mentioned previously, if the exposure control method is not included in Table 1, the Alternate Exposure Control Method must be utilized. Table 1 currently does not include dry cutting concrete with a saw using a vacuum dust reduction system. The first step of the alternative exposure control method is to determine the levels of respirable crystalline silica to which employees are exposed. This can be determined by collecting Air Monitoring Data using a worker performing that task with the equipment, materials and site conditions in question.

These results may prove the exposure levels are below the PEL and even the Actionable Exposure Limit (AEL). However, it will still be necessary to comply with the Alternate Exposure Control method and, “use engineering and work practice controls, to the extent feasible, to limit employee exposures to the PEL, and supplement the controls with respiratory protection when no other alternative is available. As well as keep records of employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica.”

13

8. Does the protection requirement pertain to just the individual using the saw to cut and not installers that are not in the immediate area?

Part of the written control program should contain information on methods used to restrict access to the area. The plan must include a description of the procedures used to restrict access to work areas, when necessary, to limit the number of employees exposed to respirable crystalline silica and the levels to which they are exposed, including exposures generated by other employers or self-employed workers. When Table 1 requires respiratory protection, employers must provide respirators to all employees engaged in the task.

It would make sense that persons working in the restricted area would need the same level of protection afforded to the worker whose task was generating the respirable crystalline silica.

9. How do you perform an air monitoring test?

Here is a link to a video from ALS Global that will be useful to contractors wanting to understand how to use air monitoring equipment to perform a test themselves: www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5knJEGGa7k.

10. Isn't it true that the current studies show that even cutting with a vacuum saw, dry , you still would be required to have a respiratory system?

There are numerous studies that have been done with results above and below the PEL. Remember, if an employer has objective test data to confirm the tools with the work practices and materials being used, and creates and exposure level under the PEL then no respirator is required.

The intent of the OSHA Silica Standard is to limit employees’ exposure to silica and keep them in a safe work environment. OSHA has determined that 50 µg/m³ over an eight-hour period time-weighted average (TWA) is a safe, maintainable limit.

11. Does an N95 Mask count as a respirator?

Yes. OSHA recognizes the N95-rated, two-strap mask as a respirator with an APF of 10. Please reference OSHA’s Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Respiratory Protection Standard as well as 29 CRF 1910.134—Respiratory Protection standard. As with any respirator, they must be fit tested. Refer to Question 2 for more information regarding a respiratory program. The illustration below illustrates a two-strap mask.

Continues on page 15

14

InterlockDesign.org

14

SILICA FAQS

Continued from page 14

12. Contact information for labs that do air monitoring testing?

There are three main components to obtaining objective data, i.e,. a silica air monitoring test report.

SPRING 2018

Obtain air monitoring equipment (air pump, calibrator, air sampling cassette, hoses and a clip) a. Conduct air monitoring tests—which is typically done by Industrial Hygienists b. Analyze the collected samples Here are links to two industrial hygiene companies that can help obtain objective data.

Galson Labs—Air Sampling Equipment Rental and air sampling and analysis http://www.sgsgalson.com/(link is external) EMSL Analytical, Inc—Provides Industrial Hygienists and air sampling & analysis https://www.emsl.com/(link is external) 13. Are there procedures to clean up after cutting pavers? If wet cutting, what is the suggested clean up procedure of the slurry?

If you are using a wet table saw, remove the slurry from the saw and allow it to dry, solidify and then dispose with site waste. Handle with care to not reintroduce the dust into the atmosphere where it could be inhaled. If cutting in-place with a saw that has a water attachment and the slurry is on the paver surface, use large volumes of water to rinse before the slurry dries and permanently stains the paver surface. Scrub with a stiff bristle brush if necessary.

14. Once dust is collected, what is the procedure for proper disposal?

The Housekeeping section of the standard requires that when cleaning up dust that can contribute to employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica, employers must: yy Not allow cleaning by dry brushing and sweeping, unless methods such as wet sweeping and HEPA-filtered vacuuming are not feasible

interloc

esign®

yy Not allow cleaning of surfaces or clothing with compressed air, unless the compressed air is used together with a ventilation system that effectively captures the dust cloud or no other cleaning method is feasible This section of a contractor’s written plan would include cleaning methods that are acceptable (e.g., wet sweeping), cleaning methods that are unacceptable because acceptable cleaning methods are feasible (e.g., dry sweeping or blowing), and special instructions (e.g., use local exhaust ventilation if compressed air must be used). Hygienerelated subjects, such as not using compressed air to clean clothing, could also be addressed in this section of the written exposure control plan.

Remember the intent of the OSHA Silica Standard is to limit employees’ exposure to silica by maintaining a safe environment. Care and common sense apply to the proper disposal of the collected dust.

Do not reintroduce the dust into the atmosphere where it could be inhaled by someone. Here are some options: 1. Mix the collected dust with water and allow to dry and solidify, then dispose with other site waste 2. Put the collected dust into a sealed container or trash bag for disposal with other site waste 3. Mix it with moist native soil on the job site

15

InterlockDesign.org

You Asked. We Listened.

WWW.HARDSCAPENA.COM

W W.HARDSCAPENA.COM

Now you have TIME to see it ALL! HARDSCAPE NORTH AMERICA AN ICPI EVENT

SAVE THE DATE

NEW THREE-DAY FORMAT IN 2018!

WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY & FRIDAY • OCTOBER 17-19, 2018 KENTUCKY EXPOSITION CENTER - LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY

NEW 3-Day Format for all Attendees Keynote Speaker you won’t want to miss New VIP Pass

OCT 17-19 2018

KEC

Redesigned Outdoor Demos New Dealer Program Format ICPI & NCMA Certification Installer Courses

LA FOUNDATION SPRING 2018

 LA FOUNDATION

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

FOUNDATION

Segmental Concrete Pavement Resources from the Landscape Architecture Foundation

J

interloc

esign®

ust passing its 50–year mark, the Landscape Architecture (LA) Foundation provides resources to design professionals on segmental concrete pavements.

This is in support of the LA Foundation’s mission to preserve, improve and enhance the environment by investing in research, scholarships and leadership initiatives to increase sustainability while supporting the next generation of design leaders.

Among several programs, a central focus is on landscape performance metrics to help students, practicing professionals, agencies and clients realize greater economic, environmental and social value from landscape design. This is found on the Landscape Performance Series website, www.landscapeperformance.org.

The site recognizes that university students training to be landscape architects need to understand the importance of

17

InterlockDesign.org

performance evaluation in landscape design. In 2014 and 2015, the ICPI Foundation for Education and Research issued minigrants to the LA Foundation to 10 university landscape architecture professors. Their task was to develop landscape performance as a basis (pedagogy) for teaching landscape architecture. Their work included development of learning methods to teach landscape performance and tools to assess it.

Landscape architecture students applied various economic, environmental and social performance models to measure performance of a range of existing site environments. Some of these sites included performance measurement of segmental concrete pavements. These are found among student reports and faculty reflections on landscapeperformance.org/ resources-for-educators. Sharing these resources and experience on the Performance

Landscape Performance Series Homepage.

Series website enables other universities and practicing landscape architects to use the models and methods.

The LA Foundation maintains a library of case studies on landscape performance.

This collection represents a wide range of designs, scales and concerns. Performance information from case studies is presented in a systematic format so that students and designers can find and apply various models and metrics, as well as understand their limitations. Thanks to support from

the ICPI Foundation, 10 performance case studies on segmental concrete paving were curated by David R. Smith, Technical Director for ICPI. This collection is found on https://landscapeperformance.org/ collections/segmental-pavement.

Performance conclusions on segmental concrete pavements from some of these case studies include the following: yy Life cycle cost analysis demonstrated long-term savings by using concrete pavers rather than cast-in-place concrete.

Continues on page 19

Landscape Performance Designing for Performance.

18

LA FOUNDATION

Continued from page 18

yy Speed tables in streets near intersections made with pavers next to a large park slowed traffic from an average of 14 to about 12 mph.

SPRING 2018

yy Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) streets saved almost $400,000 compared to using pervious concrete. yy PICP reduced runoff volume to the extent that upsizing downstream storm sewers was eliminated, thereby reducing infrastructure costs and neighborhood disruption. yy PICP saved $35,655 compared to placing conventional concrete pavement in parking lot. yy PICP saved $25,000/year over 50 years in a 500-car parking lot by eliminating seal coating, striping and resurfacing required for conventional asphalt. yy PICP with related stormwater management measures eliminated the need for conventional drainage on a 2.5-acre commercial site.

interloc

esign®

One comprehensive system for assessing performance of site design (including segmental concrete pavements) is the Sustainable SITES Initiative. Dubbed “LEED for sites,” this sustainability evaluation method provides a point system that can earn sustainability certification for economic, environment and social performance of landscape designs. The application of SITES criteria to segmental concrete pavement systems is presented in a learning module on the LA Foundation website at landscapeperformance.org/training/segmental-concretepavements. The one-hour presentation is approved for 1 CEU from the American Society of Landscape Architects Continuing Education System.

While not related to the LA Foundation, additional educational resources for landscape architecture university students, professors and practicing professionals are found on www.paveshare.org.

Housed on Land8’s website, the Paveshare site includes a menu of design ideas, syllabi, studio exercises, presentations and case studies using segmental concrete pavements.

19

InterlockDesign.org

 ICPI SOFTWARE

ICPI Software Programs Lineup ICPI offers free software programs on www.icpi.org/resource-library/software-programs.

Here is a list and descriptions.

PROGRAMS FOR INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavements This Excel sheet enables users to design bases for interlocking concrete pavements, specifically aggregate, cement or asphalt stabilized, or asphalt bases. The program uses the flexible pavement design methodology in the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. The user provides soil subgrade and drainage information, anticipated traffic as 18,000 lb. (80 kN) equivalent single axle loads (up to 10 million), and the base

material type. The program provides base and subbase thicknesses.

The user can change default values in the program. Program use should be accompanied by reading ICPI Tech Spec 4 Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavements available for free on www.icpi.org, or purchase and reading ASCE 58-16 Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavement for Municipal Streets and Roadways. The program uses metric or traditional US units.

Developed by Applied Research Associates.

Continues on page 21

20

SPRING 2018

FEATURE ICPI SOFTWARE STORY

Continued from page 20

Life Cycle Cost Analysis Program Users enter construction, maintenance costs and end-of-life costs for interlocking concrete pavement, asphalt and concrete pavements, as well as a discount rate. The program calculates the net present value or NPV (i.e., today’s value of money spent in the future). The software allows deterministic or probabilistic analyses of costs and outputs and presents pavement NPV comparisons in tables or bar graphs. Default values are provided for initial costs, maintenance costs and intervals that can be edited by the user to project-specific conditions. The program operates with metric or traditional US units. Developed by Applied Research Associates.

Pavement Condition Index Calculator

interloc

esignÂŽ

Management of pavements involves periodic condition inspection translating distresses and severities into pavement condition ratings. These can be used to develop a pavement condition index (PCI) from 0 to 100 that helps forecast when pavements need maintenance. Condition surveys and development of PCIs for interlocking concrete pavements rely on ASTM E2840 Standard Practice for Pavement Condition Index Surveys for Interlocking Concrete Roads and Parking Lots. This Excel software program is a field data collection sheet that automatically calculates the PCI for a given street.

The convenience is the sheet accounts for multiple PCI deduct (condition loss) values for eleven distress types. This data can be input into pavement management systems. Developed by Applied Research Associates.

21

InterlockDesign.org

21

PICP Life-cycle Cost Analysis Tool

Software Programs for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements Permeable Pavement Project Evaluation Tool This Excel sheet provides a ranking system rationalizing site feasibility and selection for permeable pavements. The user answers questions that generate a score for up to six prospective sites as amenable, marginal or unacceptable as places for permeable pavement. Weightings can be changed by the user.

Developed by Applied Research Associates, Inc.

This rich Excel program calculates life-cycle costs of PICP and ICP, as well as for conventional asphalt and concrete pavements.

In addition to inclusion of construction and maintenance costs, a unique aspect of this tool is its ability to input off-site costs and benefits to better characterize the full financial impact of pavement alternatives on stormwater management. The program includes values for user editing via an extensive range of pulldown menus. Developed by Applied Research Associates, Inc.

Continues on page 23

22

SPRING 2018

ICPI SOFTWARE

Continued from page 22

Permeable Design Pro

ASTM C1781 Surface Infiltration Rate Calculator

interloc

esign®

This Excel program provides places for user input values for the formula in ASTM C1781 Standard Test Method for Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Unit Pavement Systems that calculates PICP surface infiltration rate in inches per hour. The sheet provides inputs for 8 lbs (5 kg) of water for the pre-wetting step and 40 lbs (18 kg) for the testing step, thereby providing instant answers. Users should be aware that the calculated infiltration rate does not relate to rainfall intensity but relates to the number of minutes that water stands on the pavement after a rainstorm.

23

InterlockDesign.org

Permeable Design Pro on www.permeabledesignpro.com offers a free 10–day trial period and purchase with a non-expiring license with automatic, online updates. This program does hydrologic and structural design and the user selects the thicker calculated structure for PICP. While the program has an extensive library of rainfall data for US and Canadian cities, users can insert and model throughput from local 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100–year rainfall events. The program can be used on full, partial and no-infiltration PICP designs. It characterizes underdrain inflow to achieve detention, and resulting outflows from subgrade infiltration and underdrains. This feature enables a high level of sensitivity analysis given rainfall inputs and soil infiltration rates.

Hydrographs, total volumes, curve numbers and runoff coefficients are provided as output, as well as a CAD drawing of the design solution. The hydrologic model is a modification of the non-proprietary US Federal Highway Administration’s program, Drainage Requirements in Pavements. Structural design for parking lots and roads follows the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Metric or customary US units can be used. The structural calculations will be updated later in 2018 to conform to that in an ASCE PICP standard for anticipated release in 2018.



KNOWLEDGE base

California Group Hosts PICP Seminars

T

he California Nevada Concrete Masonry Association and the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute announce free training on permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP). This seminar provides tools for design, specifying, building and maintaining PICP. Instructional materials and lunch are included.

Permeable pavements reduce stormwater runoff and pollution while recharging aquifers and providing a cooler urban climate.

They can reduce drainage costs by combining pavement with detention and infiltration. Permeable interlocking concrete pavement is an essential tool for NPDES permit compliance, reduced sewer overflows, and decreased drainage costs by designing with nature.

Continues on page 25

24

KNOWLEDGE BASE SPRING 2018

interloc

esignÂŽ

Momentum builds for PICP use in California as demonstrated by its use at a middle school in Torrance.

25

InterlockDesign.org

continued from page 25

WHEN AND WHERE: Tuesday, June 26 9:00am–3:00pm Hyatt Place San Jose 282 Almaden Blvd.

San Jose, CA 95113 For more information and registration visit www.icpi.org/SanJose-PICP

Thursday, June 28, 9:00am–3:00pm Avenue of the Arts Hotel Costa Mesa 3350 Avenue of the Arts Costa Mesa, CA 92626 For more information and registration visit www.icpi.org/CostaMesa-PICP These workshops are tailored specifically for municipal staff and design professionals providing services to the municipal market and private sector clients. Learn everything you need to know about permeable interlocking concrete pavement from leading consultant and industry speakers: Dave Hein, P. Eng. VP Transportation, Applied Research Associates Inc. David R. Smith, Technical Director, Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute This symposium is eligible for 5 continuing education AIA, and ASLA credits, as well as 5 professional

26



WINTER 2018

the MAIN events DATE

MAY

ARPT IPCI Southwest Chapter

Pheonix, AZ

22 – 23

CPI SiteOne Lanscape Supply

Encinitas, CA

22 – 23

CPI Ewing Irrigation

Panama City Beach, FL

13 – 14

CPI Jewell, an Oldcastle CO.

Frisco, TX

19 – 20

CPI Ewing Irrigation

Fort Myers, FL

26

San Jose PICP Workshop

San Jose, CA

28

Costa Mesa PICP Workshop

Costa Mesa, CA

10 – 13

2018 ICPI Summer Meeting

Vancouver, BC

16 – 17

CPI HNA

Louisville, KY

16 – 17

CPI Spanish HNA

Louisville, KY

16 – 17

ARPT HNA

Louisville, KY

16 – 17

CPT HNA

Louisville, KY

16 – 19

2018 International Conference on Concrete Block Pavement

Seoul, South Korea

16 – 19

2018 International Conference on Concrete Block Pavement

Seoul, Korea

17

PICPS HNA

Louisville, KY

17 – 19

2018 Hardscape North America Trade Show

Louisville, KY

6

CPT ICPI Northern California Chapter

Sacremento, CA

8

PICPS ICPI Northern California Chapter

Sacremento, CA

27

CPI ICPI Northern California Chapter

Reno, NV

JAN

22 – 23

CPI World of Concrete (2019)

Las Vegas, NV

MAR

3–6

ICPI 25th Annual Meeting (2019)

Charleston, SC

SEPT

OCT

NOV

interloc 27

LOCATION

3–4

JUNE

esign®

EVENT

InterlockDesign.org

ICPI WEBINAR SEMINARS DATE

WEBINAR TOPIC/SPEAKER

TIME

May 29

ICPI Foundation Launches PICI Life-Cyle Software Webinar

May 29

ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE

Alabama Pallets ����������������������������������19

Kobra Molds, LLC...............................17

Slab Innovation, Inc........................... 29

BP Pro.............. Inside Front Cover, 19

Oaks Landscape Products...............11

Solomon Colors, Inc.......................... 16

Columbia Machine, Inc........................ 6

Pavers by Ideal................................... 19

Techniseal, Inc.......................................7

KBH.......................................................18

SEK, Inc............................................... 11

Topwerk American, LTD ................... 22

28

ADVERTISING

RATES

STARTING AT

$500!

For more information, please contact Paul Vollmer at 503-445-2222 or paul@llmpubs.com Dan Hartzog at 503-445-2229 or danH@llmpubs.com.

Advertise in Interlock Design Magazine!

Published quarterly, Interlock Design is the official magazine of the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute. The magazine is mailed out to design professionals, producers, suppliers, and contractors.

Your ad will also be included in the digital version of Interlock Design, and is a great tool to reach ICPI members and promote your products and services.

ISSUE

DEADLINE

Issue 2, ‘18

April 6

Issue 3, ‘18

July 11

Issue 4, ‘18

October 22

Issue 1, ‘19

January 3

Issue 2, ‘19

April 5

Issue 3, ‘19

July 10