Bottled Water Reporter by IBWA

W W W. B O T T L E D W AT E R . O R G

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IN THIS ISSUE Three Lessons IBWA's Water for Bottlers From Stewardship Best a Wastewater Practices Guide Treatment Facility

Why Water Should Be Added to MyPlate

BOTTLED WATER REPORTER | JAN/FEB 2020

THE HEALTHY HYDRATION ISSUE

Also Inside:

Why Experts Recommend Water The Case for Water's Continued Inclusion in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BOTTLED WATER ASSOCIATION

VOL. 60 • NO. 1

COLUMNS GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

20 | Why Add Water to MyPlate Adding a water symbol to the MyPlate nutrition graphic, in addition to the current dairy symbol, would help educate Americans on the need to include water in their diets. COMMUNICATIONS

22 | Three Lessons for Bottlers From a Wastewater Treatment Facility Facilities like the Orange County Sanitation District showcase the value of wastewater, which goes beyond just creating new water. TECHNICAL UPDATE

24 | Member Resource: IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide and Checklist Learn about IBWA’s latest tool to help bottlers self-audit their water stewardship efforts. SPECIAL FEATURE

28 | Bottled Water: By the Numbers Read the survey results from IBWA’s latest Harris Poll.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 10 | Water: Expertly Recommended Eating habits and food choices are behaviors that are established during childhood. So, it follows that by exposing healthy choices—like water—to children, we can help reduce their risks of developing chronic diseases. Experts at organizations such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Heart Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics agree: Water, not sugar-sweetened beverages, should be the preferred beverage choice for daily hydration. By Cheryl Dreyer

15 | The Case for Water’s Continued Inclusion in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans More and more scientific research is available showing the benefits of water consumption. This article presents some of the latest research that supports IBWA's efforts to have more positive messages about water—including bottled water—included in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. By Chris Torres

CHAIRMAN'S COMMENTARY ...............................2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ......................................4 WATER NOTES ....................................................6 CPO QUIZ .........................................................26 ADVERTISERS ...................................................27 CALENDAR .......................................................27

CONNECT WITH IBWA

BOTTLED WATER REPORTER, Volume 60, Number 1. Published six times a year by The Goetz Printing Company, 7939 Angus Court, Springfield, VA, 22153, for the International Bottled Water Association, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22314-2973. Tel: 703.683.5213, Fax: 703.683.4074, www.bottledwater.org. Subscription rate for members is $25 per year, which is included in the dues. U.S. and Canadian subscription rate to nonmembers is $50 per year. International subscription rate is $100 per year. Single copies are $7. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Bottled Water Reporter, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22314-2973.

CHAIRMAN’S COMMENTARY ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT WANTED

It is a true honor to be your 2020 IBWA chairman. For years, I’ve been a keen observer of IBWA, and I can attest to the fact that the people associated with this organization never tire in their efforts to advance the interests of the bottled water industry on the government relations, technical, environmental, and communications fronts. But we are only able to do this because we have a strong and robust membership and a growing network of allies to aid us in conquering any obstacle in our way. When we have to fight any battle, such as the many plastic packaging issues that were considered last year by several states and localities (and are expected to continue for the foreseeable future), we are more aware than ever that we need boots on the ground. Our smaller bottlers have an important role to play here. They can best defend our industry at the local level by not only keeping us informed about proposed actions against bottled water but also engaging with municipal representatives and educating them about bottled water facts. There’s still a misconception that IBWA is only for the big companies—and nothing could be further from the truth! IBWA membership is for all: bottlers big, small, and every size in between. While non-members still benefit from our advocacy work, active IBWA members know the value of membership. During my tenure as chairman, I plan to attend regional bottled water association meetings to convey the benefits of being an IBWA member—sharing with them the many successes this great organization has accomplished in promoting and defending the bottled water industry. While recruiting new members is a priority for me, I also want to encourage all members to become more active in IBWA. Attend our business and committee meetings. Become a committee member. Join us for our annual Hill Day fly-in in June and help us educate members of Congress about bottled water. Fill out and submit to IBWA an Authorization to Solicit form, which gives the association permission to keep you informed about our Political Action Committee (PAC) activities. IBWA uses the PAC to build relationships with policymakers and discuss with them the many issues impacting bottled water. The PAC also supports the election or reelection of candidates who understand the issues we face, which is particularly important as this is an election year. IBWA has a lot to be proud of—especially the fact that bottled water continues to be the No.1 packaged beverage in the United States. As we plan for even more success in 2020, I want to thank our committee co-chairs and members, the board, and the Executive Committee for the leadership and dedication they bring to this association. Working together, I know we will accomplish much for our industry this year.

IBWA

International Bottled Water Association OFFICERS Chairman Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution Vice Chairwoman Tara Carraro, Nestlé Waters North America Treasurer Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Immediate Past Chairwoman Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc..

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shayron Barnes-Selby, DS Services of America, Inc. Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Philippe Caradec, Danone Waters of America Tara Carraro, Nestlé Waters North America Andy Eaton, Euroﬁns Eaton Analytical Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Doug Hidding, Blackhawk Molding Co. Scott Hoover, Roaring Spring Bottling Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International Kari Mondt, Allied Purchasing Greg Nemec, Premium Waters, Inc. Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution Louis Vittorio, Jr., EarthRes Group, Inc. Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc. William Patrick Young, Absopure Water Co., Inc.

IBWA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution Shayron Barnes-Selby, DS Services of America, Inc. Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Philippe Caradec, Danone Waters of America Tara Carraro, Nestlé Waters North America C.R. Hall, Hall’s Culligan Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Henry R. Hidell, III, Hidell International Scott Hoover, Roaring Spring Bottling Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International William Patrick Young, Absopure Water Co., Inc. Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc.

COMMITTEE CHAIRS Communications Committee Julia Buchanan, Niagara Bottling, LLC Alessandra Simkin, Danone Waters of America Education Committee Glen Davis, Absopure Water Co., Inc. Douglas R. Hupe, Aqua Filter Fresh Environmental Sustainability Committee Jeff Davis, Blackhawk Molding Co. John Cook, Niagara Bottling LLC Government Relations Committee Viola Johnson Jacobs, DS Services of America, Inc. Derieth Sutton, Niagara Bottling LLC. Membership Committee Marge Eggie, Polymer Solutions International Kelley Goshay, DS Services of America, Inc. State and Regional Associations Committee Jillian Olsen, Cherry Ridge Consulting LLC Supplier and Convention Committee Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International Technical Committee Andy Eaton, Eurofins Eaton Analytical Glen Davis, Absopure Water Co., Inc.

Robert Smith IBWA Chairman 2 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

SAVE THE DATE Start Planning Now to Attend IBWA's 2020 Conference in Orlando 2020 IBWA ANNUAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW NOVEMBER 7-12, 2020 HYATT REGENCY ORLANDO, FLORIDA

IBWA

International Bottled Water Association

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE HEALTHY HYDRATION FOR ALL

In 2020, we anticipate reaping a few rewards from the successful healthy hydration advocacy work by IBWA members and staff. While parents and caregivers are overwhelmed by packaged beverage options that position themselves as sources of healthy hydration, IBWA has been working to demystify the confusing messaging and promote the many benefits of water consumption—for the young and old alike. Researchers, nutritionists, and other hydration experts are joining IBWA to help ensure the American public knows that water is the best option for healthy hydration. In our cover story, “Water: Expertly Recommended” (p.10), Cheryl Dreyer (Nestlé Waters), a registered dietitian and trustee of the Drinking Water Research Foundation, identifies a few of the organizations promoting water as the primary beverage for consumption. Whether its the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Heart Association, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation—and many others—they all caution against a diet that includes sugar-sweetened beverages and recommend the consumption of water. The pro-water messaging those organizations publish help IBWA in our efforts to increase the references to the benefits of water consumption in the upcoming revision of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs). The 2020 DGAs will follow a life-stage approach, which means the guidelines will be expanded to include pregnant women and children from birth to 24 months. In “The Case for Water’s Continued Inclusion in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans” (p.15), we review some of the most recent research showing the benefits of consuming water—at any age. The research highlighted in this article also aids IBWA in our efforts to have a symbol for water added to the main educational tool used by the U.S. government to promote a healthy lifestyle: the MyPlate nutrition graphic. The discussion on why IBWA is fighting to have water added to MyPlate continues in the Government Relations column (p.20), and we share good news on that front. In late December 2019, 69 members of Congress sent a letter to the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) to encourage both agencies to add a water symbol to the MyPlate nutrition graphic. Our Communications column (p.22) presents three lessons water bottlers can learn from a wastewater treatment facility. And finally, in the Technical Update column (p.24), we review the IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide and Checklist, which were published last November. All signs point to a very busy year for IBWA, as we fight hard to maintain a favorable business, regulatory, and public affairs climate for the bottled water industry. While we have accomplished a great deal, we know there’s still plenty to accomplish in 2020— and we look forward to the opportunities to promote the great-tasting, safe, healthy, and convenient products our members produce.

BOTTLED WATER REPORTER is published for: International Bottled Water Association 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650 Alexandria, VA 22314-2973. Tel: 703.683.5213 Fax: 703.683.4074 www.bottledwater.org

IBWA STAFF President Joe Doss jdoss@bottledwater.org Vice President of Education, Science, and Technical Relations Robert R. Hirst bhirst@bottledwater.org Vice President of Communications Jill Culora jculora@bottledwater.org Vice President of Government Relations Cory Martin cmartin@bottledwater.org Director of Conventions, Trade Shows, and Meetings Michele Campbell mcampbell@bottledwater.org Director of Government Relations J.P. Toner jtoner@bottledwater.org Director of Science and Research Al Lear alear@bottledwater.org Director of Communications Sabrina E. Hicks shicks@bottledwater.org Manager of Member Services Cheryl Bass cbass@bottledwater.org Communications Coordinator Chris Torres ctorres@bottledwater.org Education and Technical Programs Coordinator Linda Alfakir lalfakir@bottledwater.org Executive Assistant Patrice Ward ibwainfo@bottledwater.org Bottled Water Reporter Layout and Design Rose McLeod rozmack@gmail.com Tel: 315.447.4385 Editor Sabrina E. Hicks shicks@bottledwater.org Advertising Sales Stephanie Schaefer stephanie@bottledwater.org

Joe Doss IBWA President 4 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

THANKS TO THE 2019 DWRF COSMIC BOWLING FUNDRAISER SPONSORS!

The Drinking Water Research Foundation (DWRF) would like to thank all of the sponsors that helped make its recent Cosmic Bowling Fundraiser a success. This event, held at BowlMor in Anaheim, California, on November 18, 2019, could not have happened without the support of DWRF sponsors and guests. All money raised during the 2019 fundraiser will help fund vital research impacting the future of the bottled water industry.

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT DWRF, VISIT WWW.THEFACTSABOUTWATER.ORG.

WATER NOTES

NUTRITION

69 Members of Congress Publicly Support Adding Water to MyPlate On December 11, 2019, 69 members of Congress, led by Representatives Roger Marshall (R-KS), Chellie Pingree (D-ME), Jackie Walorski (R-IN), Jim McGovern (D-MA), Phil Roe (R-TN) and Ami Bera (D-CA), sent a letter to the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) to encourage both agencies to add a water symbol to the MyPlate nutrition graphic, in addition to the current dairy icon. Of note, 35 Democrats and 34 Republicans signed the letter, with 19 from the House Agriculture Committee and 12 from

the House Energy and Commerce Committee. In addition, eight members are current medical doctors. The MyPlate graphic, which is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), is the primary tool used to educate Americans about nutrition. The graphic currently depicts the types and quantities of food Americans should consume, including fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy. As water is essential to life, adding water to MyPlate would be key for helping improve Americans’ nutrition. Both USDA and HHS are currently working on the

2020 edition of the DGAs. It is expected that once the guidelines are completed, USDA and HHS staff will move forward with drafting marketing materials to promote the 2020 edition. This potentially includes editing

the MyPlate graphic to encourage water consumption. For more information on this issue, please contact IBWA Vice President of Government Relations Cory Martin: cmartin@bottledwater.org.

DWRF OPPORTUNITY

Applications Now Being Accepted for $4,000 College Scholarship

The Drinking Water Research Foundation (DWRF) is currently accepting applications for the 2020 Kristin Safran College Scholarship. This opportunity will grant one, high school class of 2020 student a $4,000 scholarship, to be awarded as $1,000 per year for four years. Criteria include the following: • Must be the child or grandchild of an IBWA member employee. • Must be a high school senior ranked in the top 20th percentile of their class, graduating in 2020. • Must plan to attend an accredited undergraduate two-year or fouryear college/university. (If the student attends a two-year college, he or she must plan to transfer to a four-year college.) If you know of a student entering college who could potentially become DWRF’s next awardee of this scholarship, please ask them to submit an application to Linda Alfakir (email: lalfakir@bottledwater.org / fax: 703.683.4074) any time between now and the June 30, 2020 deadline. The application can be accessed online at www.thefactsaboutwater.org. DWRF plans to announce the winner of the Kristin Safran College Scholarship on or about July 31, 2020. The DWRF trustees are very excited to receive scholarship entries and look forward to helping support another bright and talented student! 6 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

As many IBWA members know, DWRF created the Kristin Safran College Scholarship to honor the memory of Kristin Safran, a member of the IBWA board of directors who was a passenger on the Continental Airlines commuter flight that crashed in Buffalo, New York, in February 2009. The first scholarship was awarded in the fall of 2010. DWRF trustees are grateful for the funds donated so far for the Kristin Safran College Scholarship, but, because the Foundation is looking to firmly establish the scholarship fund, we are asking for donations. If you are interested in making a tax-deductible gift to the DWRF Kristin Safran College Scholarship Fund, make your checks payable to the following: DWRF Kristin Safran Fund 1700 Diagonal Road Suite 650 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Your contribution will impact future generations in the bottled water industry that Kristin loved and was dedicated to supporting. If you have any questions, please contact Linda Alfakir: 703.647.4612 / lalfakir@bottledwater.org.

WATER NOTES

TRADE WARS

USTR Grants IBWA Request for Additional Exclusion From Tariffs on Bottled Water Coolers The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced on December 19, 2019, that it will again grant IBWA’s request for an exclusion from U.S. bottlers paying tariffs on bottled water coolers imported from China. The current exclusion was set to expire on December 28, but it has now been extended for another year. This occurred due to multiple petitions for exclusions submitted by many bottlers, suppliers, and IBWA. Visit bit.ly/ IBWA_CoolerTariffExclusion to view the USTR’s decision. IBWA first engaged on this issue in the spring of 2018, seeking the prevention of tariffs being imposed on bottled water coolers and filters and citing an annual economic impact of almost $307 million. Once tariffs were imposed on a litany of products on July 6, 2018, IBWA worked on behalf of the bottled water industry to petition for an exclusion of bottled water coolers. An exclusion was granted in late 2018 for one year. Unless trade talks with the Chinese government leads to a removal of all tariffs, it is expected that the bottled water industry will have to petition for an additional exclusion next fall.

9 in 10 Americans say bottled water should be sold wherever other drinks are sold. Learn about this and other results from IBWA’s latest Harris Poll on page 28.

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JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 7

WATER NOTES

ANAHEIM

Learning and Celebrating Together

From left: John Cook (Niagara) and Philippe Caradec (Danone) catch up during the Welcome Reception.

Anaheim, California played host to the 2019 IBWA Annual Business Conference, November 18-21, which was once again held in conjunction with NAMA’s Coffee, Tea, and Water Show. More than 1,300 bottled water and coffee professionals came together for the event. The 2019 trade show successfully showcased 168 exhibiting bottled water and coffee suppliers and vendors on the trade show floor. The educational portion of the 2019 conference offered 25 sessions on business and technical topics related to bottled water, coffee, and tea. A total of 15.5 continuing education credits were available to certified plant operators (CPOs) seeking to keep their certification current.

From left: Stephen Tischler (National Testing Laboratories), Lance Song and Glen Davis (Absopure), and Jim McManus (Plastipak Packaging).

IBWA Communications Committee members Rob Chaput (Lighthouse Marketing) and Rej Tellier (Oasis International).

During the General Session, IBWA CEO Joe Doss (center) was recognized by the IBWA board for his 20 years of service. IBWA's 2020 Chairman Robert Smith (back row, second from right) joined bottlers and suppliers at the Welcome Reception.

At the DWRF Cosmic Bowling Fundraiser, DWRF Trustees (from left) Lawrence E. Armstrong, PhD, and Cheryl Dreyer (Nestlé) enjoyed a game with Alix Dunn (Nestlé).

8 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

From left: Stewart Allen (DWRF), Doug Hidding (Blackhawk Molding), Jack West (DWRF), and Jacki Allen (ICBWA) at the DWRF fundraiser.

Attendees at IBWA's General Session.

Arthur von Wiesenberger (right) served up tasty, hydration options at the IBWA Water Bar. From left: Kari Mondt (Allied Purchasing), Marge Eggie (Polymer Solutions), and Bob Reifers (Maumee Valley Bottlers).

IBWA's 2019 Chairman Lynn Wachtmann (Maumee Valley Bottlers) passed the gavel to 2020 Chairman Robert Smith (Grand Springs) during the General Session. (Left) Andy Eaton, PhD, and John Cosgrove (EuroďŹ ns Eaton Analytical) and (far right) Viola Johnson Jacobs (DS Services) met up with a NAMA peer during the Welcome Reception.

The IBWA/NAMA trade show, with 168 exhibitors, provided great networking and learning opportunities.

IBWA/NAMA Welcome Reception venue.

WATER: EXPERTLY RECOMMENDED By Cheryl Dreyer

As a registered dietitian, I believe the public needs more education on the importance of making healthy hydration choices. Eating habits and food choices are behaviors that are established during childhood. Foods and beverages that are introduced to children from birth to 5 years of age often shape the health behaviors that they follow into—and throughout—adulthood. Simple exposure to healthy choices in adolescence, including choosing water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages, can reduce the risks of developing chronic diseases.

JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 11

WHY DRINK WATER? • Water is essential for life and is required for normal body functioning. • Adults are approximately 60 percent water, and the blood consists of about 90 percent water. • Water’s functions in the body include dissolving vitamins and minerals and making them available for absorption, transporting nutrients and oxygen to the cells, lubricating the joints, moistening tissues, forming saliva and mucus, cushioning organs, regulating body temperature, and eliminating waste from the body. • A human may be able to live many weeks without food but can only survive a few days without water. • Drinking adequate amounts of water every day is important for overall health and preventing dehydration, which can contribute to unclear thinking, mood changes, and irritability. • Bottled water is an instrumental way of providing safe hydration in times of disaster or a convenient, on-the-go, zero-calorie drink option.

12 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that the majority of American children consume at least one sugar-sweetened beverage each day. Likewise, 2011-2014 data from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show that most teens consume 10 percent of their daily calories from sugarsweetened beverages. This consumption pattern equates to approximately 200 calories and 50 grams of sugar a day. Astonishingly, results from the most recent Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study found that sugary drinks, such as sweetened fruit-flavored juice drinks and soft drinks, are the primary source of all added sugar for children ages 12 - 48 months. Similarly, a recent study from the Journal of the

DID YOU KNOW? • One can of cola contains about 10 teaspoons of sugar per 12 ﬂuid ounces. • 10 percent of calories coming from added sugar = 200 calories = 50 grams of sugar = 12 teaspoons sugar. • Substituting water for one 20-ounce sugarsweetened soda saves about 240 calories = 60 grams of sugar = 15 teaspoons sugar.

HEALTHY HYDRATION

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 84 percent of infants and toddlers consumed some form of added sugar every day. For toddlers, one of the main sources of consumed sugar was fruit drinks, which can contain between 4-5.2 teaspoons of sugar per 8 fluid ounces. That’s a concerning fact considering the American Heart Association recommends no more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar a day for children between 2 and 18 years old. In addition, the pediatric edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association recently reported that, based on 12 years of NHANES data, prediabetes continues to rise. In fact, about 1 in 5 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years is prediabetic.

A Weighty Issue Overconsumption of sugar, as we know, can lead to obesity and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that obesity worldwide, which has almost tripled since 1975, contributes significantly to mortality rates. WHO reports that 41 million children under the age of 5—and 340 million children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years old— were overweight or obese in 2016. Specifically, in the United States, CDC data from 2015-2016 show that nearly 14 million children and adolescents, aged 2–19, are obese. From those statistics we learn one thing: If children aren’t taught how to make healthy lifestyle and dietary choices, they are on a path toward developing not only tooth decay but also chronic diseases, such as obesity, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.

Experts Recommend Water The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), the United States’ largest philanthropy focused solely on health, has published guidelines recommending breast milk, infant formula, plain milk, and water as the beverages of choice for children (birth through age 5). Those recommendations—developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Heart Association, under the leadership of Healthy Eating Research—also cautioned against a child’s diet including beverages with added sugars, such as flavored milks and sugar-sweetened beverages. The RWJF recommendations state that water, starting as early as 6 months of age, can be introduced once complimentary foods are offered. In addition, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), published by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS), have added content on the benefits of water consumption, even

BOTTLED WATER’S “HEALTHY” CLAIM The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently defines “healthy” as a food or beverage that meets specific nutrient conditions including at least 10 percent of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of one or more of the following: vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, protein, or fiber, with the anticipated inclusion of vitamin D and potassium. Water inherently lacks nutrients; therefore, it does not meet those requirements. Ironically, the holistic absence of nutrients, including calories, is what makes water, including bottled water, a “healthy” choice for hydration. FDA has begun the process of redefining the requirements for claiming “healthy” on product labels, and IBWA has been working for some time to encourage FDA to provide an exemption to the current definition of the term “healthy” and allow bottlers to use this term on labels. FDA’s current “healthy” definition is dated, and several U.S. representatives have sent a letter to FDA urging them to provide an exemption. IBWA and its members went to Capitol Hill in June 2019 to ask U.S. senators to consider doing the same. Despite IBWA’s efforts, the bottled water industry has yet to be granted an allowance to make the “healthy” claim on labels. Instead, the bottled water industry will have to wait for the proposed rule, which is anticipated in early 2020. This delay is counterproductive in helping Americans recognize water as the preferred choice for daily hydration. In addition, it is not supportive of FDA’s goal in “providing consumers with easy access to information and tools such as the nutrition facts label to enable them to make choices aligned with public health recommendations."

going as far as to state that “beverages that are caloriefree—especially water” should be the primary beverages consumed. Although the DGAs have historically focused on children 2 years of age and older, that’s changing. The 2020 – 2025 DGAs, which are currently in development and scheduled to be published in 2020, will also include guidance for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 months. JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 13

This is the first time that “healthy beverage” guidelines will be established for that age group. Surprisingly, water is currently not represented on the MyPlate nutrition graphic, which is the main educational tool used by the U.S. government to promote a healthy lifestyle. Currently, 48 other countries represent water on their nutrition graphics, yet water is noticeably absent from MyPlate. As the sole nutritional education graphic used for government programs and schools in the United States, water should be represented on MyPlate. Many groups, including IBWA, are working to get a symbol for water added to MyPlate. This water symbol should coexist with the current dairy symbol on MyPlate, as both are critical to good health. IBWA drew attention to this issue during oral testimony at the July 2019 meeting of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. IBWA’s testimony also highlighted the importance of introducing water at a young age. In addition, IBWA, partnering with the National Drinking Water Alliance, spearheaded a letter to USDA and HHS that was signed by 69 members of Congress (34 GOP and 35 Democrats) supporting the addition of a water symbol to MyPlate. The letter—led by Representatives Roger Marshall (R-KS), Chellie Pingree (D-ME), Jackie Walorski (R-IN), Jim McGovern (D-MA), Phil Roe (R-TN), and Ami Bera (D-CA)—has several notable members signing on, including 19 members of the House Agriculture Committee, 12 members of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, four members of House Appropriations, and eight medical doctors. Hopefully, USDA and HHS will take this into account when they hammer out possible revisions to MyPlate after the 2020 DGAs are finalized. While they do not have to wait until then, IBWA expects this will be the case.

Choose Water: It’s That Simple Nowadays, parents and caregivers are overwhelmed by the vast number of beverage products available to purchase—and they are often confused by the messages and claims on labels. That can make it difficult for those purchasing packaged goods, including beverages, to choose what is best for their family. I’m optimistic that the advocacy work IBWA and others have done to increase the references to water consumption within the DGAs will reveal positive results when the revised edition is published later in 2020. And I’m looking forward to seeing water added to the MyPlate nutrition 14 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

FOR MORE INFORMATION • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) www.cdc.gov/nutrition/data-statistics/plainwater-the-healthier-choice.html • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm • 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddler Study (published 2018) https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/148/ suppl_3/1557S/5026325 • Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics https://jandonline.org/article/S22122672(19)31340-1/addons • Journal of the American Medical Association bit.ly/JAMA_AdolescentPrediabetes2019 • American Heart Association https://ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/ CIR.0000000000000439 • World Health Organization (WHO) www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ obesity-and-overweight • CDC data from 2015-2016 www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db288.pdf • Robert Woods Johnson Foundation www.rwjf.org/en/library/articlesand-news/2019/09/leading-healthorganizations-support-first-ever-consensusrecommendations-to-encourage-youngchildrens-consumption-of-healthy-drinks.html • Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines • MyPlate www.choosemyplate.gov

graphic—as that will go a long way in helping us educate U.S. children about healthy dietary habits. However, until then, I have a recommendation: Let’s keep it simple. Always remember to reach for water as your healthy hydration choice.

Cheryl Dreyer, a registered dietitian and certified dietitian nutritionist, is a senior regulatory, scientific affairs, nutrition, health, and wellness manager for Nestlé Waters North America. She is also a trustee of the Drinking Water Research Foundation.

The Case for Water’s Continued Inclusion in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans By Chris Torres

IBWA was successful in making sure that the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) supported increased access to water as a healthy beverage choice. The current guidelines expressly state that calorie-free drinks—especially water— should be the primary beverages consumed. The DGAs also encourage a shift to healthier, no-sugar-added beverages, such as water, in place of sugar-sweetened beverages. The process to revise the DGAs has begun, and IBWA continues to advocate for inclusion of more positive messages about water—including bottled water—in the 2020 DGAs. JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 15

and it reviews the relationship between dehydration and cognitive performance in both adults and children. One finding of the literature review is that dehydration can lead to reversible brain changes, such as the reduction of brain volume, which can negatively impact brain functions underlying important cognitive (executive) processes (Kempton et al., 2011).

The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans outline how people can improve their overall eating patterns by providing guidance on healthy food and drink choices. In 2020, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) will publish a revised edition of the DGAs, and IBWA continues to advocate for additional content on the benefits of water consumption to be included in the 2020 DGAs. For example, during the July 2019 meeting of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) in Washington, DC, IBWA provided oral comments highlighting water’s importance to overall health. We made the case for water consumption recommendations to be even more prevalent in the 2020 DGAs, and we made the recommendation that a symbol for water—in addition to the current dairy symbol— be added to the MyPlate nutrition graphic, noting that 48 other countries currently promote water consumption in their nutrition graphics. The 2020 DGAs will follow a life-stage approach, expanding to include pregnant women and children from birth 16 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

to 24 months, which was mandated by the 2014 Farm Act. However, information is already published by other U.S. federal agencies that state water can be introduced to children as young as 6 months, once complimentary foods have been introduced. Beyond that, more and more scientific research is available showing the benefits of water consumption—which easily makes the case for water to be included in the DGAs and other nutrition guidance materials, such as the MyPlate nutrition guidance graphic. Let’s review some of the most recent research below.

Cognition and Mood Water is important for mental health. Mild dehydration, at just 1 to 2 percent body water loss, can impact mood and one’s cognitive ability. A study published in the International Journal of Health Governance explores this link [1]. The study’s purpose is to show water is essential for mental health,

The study notes that water is underestimated and overlooked in schools. “Although it is a known fact that children are at greater risk of dehydration than adults (D’Anci et al., 2006; Edmonds, 2010), researchers on school-age child nutrition admit that water requirements are an often overlooked aspect of diet (Riebl and Davy, 2013; Weichselbaum and Buttriss, 2011), underemphasized and frequently underestimated (Bergeron, 2003),” says the study’s author Rita Merhej. “Proper water hydration for school-aged children must be a priority item on the school nutrition agenda, and healthful water drinking should always be a part of the diet record (Kleiner, 1999).” Merhej’s research also finds that water tends to get overlooked in the nutrient conversation. Not only do websites from international authoritative nutrition sources understate the role of water in healthy nutrition but also they tend to omit the impact of dehydration on cognition. A recent study included in Current Developments in Nutrition focuses solely on hydration’s cognitive affects on children [2]. The study collected the urine of children aged 9-11 who participated in a water intake intervention, where they were asked to either maintain their regular water intake or consume high [2.5 liters (L)/day (d)] or low (0.5 L/d) intakes of water for four consecutive days. The results showed their hydration levels differed significantly

Chronic Illness Alleviation A low state of body water is referred to as "hypohydration," which not only can affect mental and physical performance but also cardiovascular health, according to a University of Delaware review published in Nutrients [3]. This is described as “alarming” in the study’s abstract, “because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Observational studies have linked habitual low water intake with increased future risk for adverse cardiovascular events. While it is currently unclear how chronic reductions in water intake may predispose individuals to greater future risk for adverse cardiovascular events, there is evidence that acute hypohydration impairs vascular function and blood pressure regulation.”

Hypohydration also alters blood pressure regulation at rest during exercise, the review says. It notes that more studies about the physiological effects of hypohydration in healthy adult women are needed, as most studies have been done on adult men. The acute and chronic effects of hypohydration on older adults and others in preclinical populations, such as individuals with hypertension, also need to be further explored. The negative cardiovascular effects of mild hypohydration are more consistent during activities involving exercise, heat stress, and/or diuretic usage along with water restriction.

Hydration for Children and Adolescents Developing good beverage consumption habits at a young age is a challenge because children tend to develop a habit of drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). A policy brief from the Nutrition Policy Institute (NPI) released

last summer addresses what children are drinking today, what they should be drinking, and how the information should influence the 2020 DGAs [4]. According to NPI, SSBs are the largest single source of added sugars in children’s diets and among the top sources of calories. That’s an issue because the added sugars and empty calories from those beverages can lead to weight gain and chronic health issues later in life. Children’s taste preferences and habits are also formed during their early ages. By age 2, one-third of children are routinely consuming SSBs. With diabetes rates at an all-time high and estimates stating that 18 percent of adolescents are prediabetic, NPI recommends an emphasis on water as children’s first beverage choice in the 2020 DGAs, and other experts agree. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend water should be introduced to children starting

According to this research, hypohy dration impairs cutaneous vascular function (i.e., blood flow in the skin) during exercise in the heat following fluid restriction in healthy adult men. It later mentions that several studies found hydration status to impact the body’s thermoregulatory function. Specific hydration status guidelines have been set for certain populations as a result—such as industrial workers in the heat—to minimize the chances of heat stress and hypohydration-induced increases in cardiovascular strain and potential risk for harmful cardiovascular events. JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 17

DGAs

between interventions. Urine color during the low intervention was significantly higher than their normal water intake, and both were significantly greater than their high intervention level. The children with better habitual hydration displayed superior performance during the cognitive flexibility task. The four-day water intervention also resulted in significant changes in urinary markers of hydration and had selective benefits during task switching, according to the study.

hospitalized individuals 65-92, and a control group from a previous study that consisted of people 18-65 that was used for comparison purposes. The study found significant differences between the groups. Water balance and intake was lowest in Group A. For A, B, C, and the control group respectively, the contribution of solid foods to water intake was 36, 29, 32, and 25 percent; drinking water was 32, 48, 45, and 47 percent; and beverages were 32, 23, 23, and 28 percent.

Results from several recently published scientific studies show that staying adequately hydrated is a challenge for older adults. between 6-12 months [5,6]. While the RWJF suggests avoiding 100 percent fruit juice from 12-24 months, the American Academy of Pediatrics says children 12-24 months should be allowed a maximum of 4 oz. of 100 percent fruit juice daily. However, both organizations agree that if you give children ages 2-5 fruit juice make sure it is 100 percent fruit juice, with the American Academy of Pediatrics allowing up to 6 oz. maximum.

Hydration Biomarkers Making individualized water recommendations with urine concentration measurements to determine water intake adequacy makes a lot of sense for researchers. Their reasoning is that observation of concentrated urine 18 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

indicates negative free water clearance, which assists with maintenance of total body water. A study in the European Journal of Nutrition evaluated changes in urinary markers following a three-day water restriction. Urine evaluation has shown to be of more value to researchers than other markers of dehydration, such as plasma osmolality and body mass change [7].

Hydration and Aging Hydration as people age becomes more of a challenge due to the decrease in thirst sensation, which makes older adults more prone to dehydration. A study in Greece examined water balance and intake across groups of people ages 65 and above [8]. Group A were individuals 65-81 years old, Group B 82-92, Group C were

Another study examined the hydration status of Czech adults with differences in gender and physical activity [9]. The study focused on adults, average age of 67, and found that dehydration was prevalent at 45.2 percent, with a lower prevalence in women. Participants with moderate or high levels of physical activity had a better hydration status compared to those with low-physical activity, suggesting that being physically active results in better fluid replenishment. Urinary tract infections resulting from dehydration is also an issue for older individuals. A study published in BMJ Open Quality set out to reduce the number of UTIs for care home residents that required admission to the hospital [10]. During the study, residents of four care homes were introduced to a regimen of seven drink rounds per day. As a result, UTIs that required antibiotics reduced 58 percent, and UTIs requiring hospital admissions dropped by 36 percent. The drink rounds were a low-cost intervention that was easily implemented by care home staff. Another 2019 study shows an association between worse hydration status and exhaustion in older women, which shows there’s a need for additional studies to clarify that association [11]. A study in the 2017 Food and Health Survey that examined the food shopping and dietary habits of Americans age 50-

One drawback discovered was that the desire for weight-loss benefits from food and nutrients fell dramatically by age. At 40 percent, it was decidedly the most desired benefit for individuals age 18-34, and 38 percent for the 35-49 age range. After that, it fell to 23 percent for people ages 50-64, and 28 percent for individuals from 65-80.

Water Advocacy For the 2020 revision of the DGAs, water is up for consideration under the “Beverages” category, along with milk and non-alcoholic beverages such as 100-percent juice, diet beverages, sweetened beverages, nutritional beverages, coffee, and tea. IBWA continues to actively promote the benefits of consuming water, including bottled water, with the DGAC experts who will make recommendations to the current U.S. food guidelines. IBWA has urged committee members to give special consideration for the hydration needs of all age groups—but particularly for older adults, because their thirst sensation decreases and they become more prone to experiencing dehydration. The DGAC has two more public meetings planned, one January 23-24, 2020 in Houston, Texas, and the last will be held March 12-13, 2020 in Washington, DC. Ultimately, IBWA is optimistic that the hard work of the association will result in not only more pro-water references in the revised DGAs but also the addition of a water icon to the MyPlate nutrition guidance graphic. For more information about the 2020 DGA process, visit www.dietaryguidelines.gov.

READ THE DETAILS 1. Merhej R (2019). Dehydration and cognition: an understated relation. International Journal of Health Governance, 24(1), 19–30. doi. org/10.1108/IJHG-10-2018-0056 2. Khan N, Westfall D, Jones A, Sinn M, Bottin J, Perrier E, & Hillman C (2019). The Effect of Hydration on Cognition in Children: The WITiKids Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial (OR32-08-19). Current Developments in Nutrition, 3(Suppl 1). doi.org/10.1093/cdn/ nzz052.OR32-08-19 3. Watso JC, & Farquhar WB (2019). Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function.Nutrients, 11(8), 1866. doi.org/10.3390/nu11081866 4. Nutrition Policy Institute (2019 policy brief). Infant and Toddler Beverage Recommendations for the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. bit.ly/NPI_BeverageRecommendationsForDGAs 5. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2019 press release). Leading Health Organizations Support First-Ever Consensus Recommendations to Encourage Young Children's Consumption of Healthy Drinks. bit.ly/HealthyDrinks_Recommendations 6. American Academy of Pediatrics (2019 press release). 4 Groups Issue Consensus Report on Healthy Beverages for 0- to 5-YearOlds. www.aappublications.org/news/2019/09/18/healthybeverages091819 7. Johnson EC, Huffman AE, Yoder H, Dolci A, Perrier ET, Larson-Meyer DE, & Armstrong LE. (2019). Urinary markers of hydration during 3-day water restriction and graded rehydration. European Journal of Nutrition. doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02065-7 8. Malisova O, Poulia KA, Kolyzoi K, Lysandropoulos A, Sfendouraki K, & Kapsokefalou M (2018). Evaluation of water balance in a population of older adults. A case control study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 24, 95–99. doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.01.006 9. Klimesova I, Wittmannova J, & Kovacova L (2018). Hydration status in Czech elderly adults: Gender and physical activity differences. Acta Gymnica, 48(4), 167–174. doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.023 10. Lean,K, Nawaz RF, Jawad S, & Vincent C (2019). Reducing urinary tract infections in care homes by improving hydration BMJ Quality Improvement report. BMJ Open Quality, 8, 563. doi.org/10.1136/ bmjoq-2018-000563 11. Anjo I, Amaral TF, Afonso C, Borges N, Santos A, Moreira P, & Padrão P (2019). Are hypohydrated older adults at increased risk of exhaustion? Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, jhn.12702. doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12702 12. 2017 Food and Health Survey: A Focus on 50+ - IFIC Foundation. foodinsight.org/2017-food-and-health-survey-a-focus-on-50

Chris Torres is IBWA’s communications coordinator. Contact him at ctorres@ bottledwater.org.

JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 19

DGAs

plus found that individuals from 50-80 are more likely to adopt and maintain healthy eating behaviors more than any other age group [12]. It found that the desire for foods and nutrients with cardiovascular benefits increased with age, from 11 percent for people ages 35-49, to 23 percent for individuals ages 50-64.

IBWA's Proposed MyPlate Revision

Why Add Water to MyPlate? By Cory Martin, IBWA Vice President of Government Relations

As we all know, water is essential to life. Yet, it is often taken for granted until we face emergencies or health issues. Turn on a faucet and out comes water that you can use to drink, cook, and bathe. But we can’t take that water—or our health—for granted any longer, as Americans are paying the price for dietary choices that do not include enough water. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly half of U.S. children and more than two-thirds of U.S. adults are overweight and obese. And nearly one-third of young Americans are too overweight to serve in the U.S. military. 20 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

The U.S. government can and must do better in promoting water as part of a healthy diet—and the good news is that it can! While the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, published by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS), contain language promoting the consumption of water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), water is not found on the most prevalent marketing collateral visible in doctor’s offices and school cafeterias across the country: the MyPlate nutrition guidance graphic. The graphic currently consists of fruits, vegetables,

grains, protein, and dairy, but it lacks any representation of water and is thus ineffective in truly representing the components of a healthy diet. Adding a water symbol to MyPlate, in addition to the current dairy symbol, would help educate millions of Americans on the need to include water in their diets.

Science Says: Water Is Healthy Unlike many other foods, there is no conflicting science on the benefits of drinking water. Consuming water helps Americans achieve optimal nutritional health, particularly when substituted for SSBs.

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS When water is substituted for SSBs, it reduces risks of developing chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, while possibly benefiting Americans by lowering health-care costs. Public health experts widely recognize water as a preferred source of hydration contributing to good health. Scientific research shows that drinking water positively influences a number of healthy bodily functions. In addition, the CDC points out that, “Drinking enough water every day is good for overall health. As plain drinking water has zero calories, it can also help with managing body weight and reducing caloric intake when substituted for drinks with calories.” The CDC recommends that adults and youth should consume water every day, and consistently throughout the day [1].

Critical to America’s Youth Recommendations from leading national experts convened by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) highlight the importance of drinking water from a young age [2]. The RWJF’s September 2019 report recommends children between 6 and 12 months begin drinking water once solid foods are introduced, and children ages 12 months to 5 years should primarily drink water and milk. Recent research shows that America’s youth do not drink enough water to form healthy habits [3]. Only 70 percent of youth ages 12-24 months drink water daily, and only 80 percent of youth ages 2-19 years of age drink water daily. If we are going to overcome the tremendous health-care costs associated with bad health habits, we must do better in educating the next generation on the need and benefits of drinking water.

Critical to America’s Older Generations In addition, those aged 60 and older are among the most vulnerable to dehydration. An April 2016 report by the National Center for Health Statistics noted

that older Americans are more susceptible to dehydration due primarily to a decrease in thirst, a fear of incontinence, slowed kidney function, as well as an increased prevalence of chronic diseases and the use of multiple medications [4, 5].

U.S. Needs to Lead on Healthy Hydration In terms of education, it is worth noting that the importance of water in a healthy diet is recognized by governments throughout the world. Currently, 48 countries promote water consumption in their nutrition guidance graphics. However, water is noticeably absent from MyPlate, the most prominent educational tool that the U.S. government uses to promote a healthy diet. Water, in addition to the presence of dairy, should be included on the MyPlate nutrition guidance graphic because it is critical to good health.

Congress Taking Notice— and Action The good – no – great news is that several members of Congress have taken notice of this oversight and have taken action. Led by Representatives Roger Marshall, MD (R-KS); Chellie Pingree (D-ME); Jackie Walorski (R-IN); Jim McGovern (D-MA); Phil Roe, MD (R-TN); and Ami Bera, MD (D-CA), several members of Congress urged the USDA and HHS to add a water symbol to MyPlate in a letter late last year. As the USDA and HHS are in the middle of finalizing the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations, they are on notice that several members of Congress strongly support the promotion of water on the MyPlate nutrition graphic. The United States has an opportunity to lead the way on promoting a healthy diet by adding water to the MyPlate nutrition graphic. IBWA will continue to work with USDA, HHS, and members of Congress to ensure that water is given the promotion it deserves in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

LEARN MORE 1. Get the Facts: Drinking Water and Intake, Nutrition, CDC August 2016. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nutrition/ data-statistics/plain-waterthe-healthier-choice.html 2. Healthy Beverage Consumption in Early Childhood, Recommendations from Key National Health and Nutrition Organizations. Available at: healthyeatingresearch. org/wp-content/ uploads/2019/09/ HER-HealthyBeverageConsensusStatement.pdf 3. Based on NHANES 20052012 data from: Grimes CA, Szymlek-Gay EA, Nicklas TA. Beverage Consumption Among U.S. Children Aged 0–24 Months: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Nutrients. 2017; 9(3):264 4. Goodman AB, et al (2013). Behaviors and attitudes associated with low drinking water intake among US adults, food attitudes and behaviors survey, 2007,” Preventing Chronic Disease, 10, p. 120248. www.cdc.gov/pcd/ issues/2013/12_0248.htm 5. Zizza CA, Ellison KJ, & Wernette CM (2009). Total water intakes of community-living middleold and oldest-old adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 64(4), 481–486. academic.oup. com/biomedgerontology/ article/64A/4/481/529234

JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 21

Three Things Bottlers Can Learn From a Wastewater Treatment Facility By Chris Torres, IBWA Communications Coordinator

A lot can be done with wastewater. Whether it comes from the shower, toilet, storm runoff, or industrial use— there’s a lot of value in wastewater. Not only can it become new drinking water but also it can be used as a clean water supply for marine life—and even the sludge removed from the water can be converted into energy and soil amendment. All of these things are happening at the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) in Orange County, California, which IBWA recently visited for a tour during the 2019 IBWA Annual Business Conference. More than 185 million gallons of wastewater per day—approximately enough to fill 12 Olympic-sized pools per hour—comes into the facility. The OCSD is the 22 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

third-largest wastewater treatment plant west of the Mississippi River. It services the wastewater of 2.6 million residents in the Orange County area, as well as 650 businesses and industries. Below are three things bottlers can learn from a wastewater treatment facility.

1. Invest in a Good Filtration System While it seems the obvious goal of wastewater treatment is to deliver clean, potable water back to residents and area businesses, what’s somewhat surprising is the process that goes into producing drinkable water from wastewater. When wastewater enters the OCSD facility, it undergoes a preliminary treatment that

includes removing large items such as rags, gloves, and other debris that makes its way into the waste stream. Next, smaller items, such as egg shells and coffee grounds, are removed through a grit chamber that uses high air pressure to remove those materials. The next steps involve removing the foul odor (hydrogen sulfide) and primary treatment of the water by removing additional solids in clarifiers (or settling basins). The water then undergoes a secondary treatment in trickling filters. There, the water is sprayed over a honeycomb-like material that grows aerobic bacteria on it. As the water trickles down the material, the bacteria consumes any solids that weren’t removed during the primary treatment.

COMMUNICATIONS Following that stage, the water is then sent to the Orange County Water District to be recycled and discharged into the Pacific Ocean. The OCSD’s Groundwater Replenishment System takes some of that recycled water and purifies it through microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet light with hydrogen peroxide to create potable drinking water for approximately 800,000 area residents. For bottlers, the lesson is the importance of your water filtration system is undeniable, as it improves water quality. The better your filtration system, the better your turbidity will be.

2. Be Efficient Remember the solid waste captured and removed during the primary and secondary treatments? That waste goes into anaerobic digesters, which are heated to 98 degrees and treated for 1821 days. During the digestion process, methane gas is produced, as well as materials known as biosolids. The biosolids are sent to a dewatering facility that separates the water from the solids. The process saves OCSD millions of dollars annually in truck hauling costs. The solids are then distributed to farms for composting and land application. Methane gas captured from the digesters becomes compressed and powers engine generators at the facility with electricity. It allows the facility the option to operate independent from an electric company and saves the OCSD approximately $6 million in electricity costs per year. The energy created by the OCSD provides about 65 percent of its operational power. Its two facilities in California produce an average of 8 million kilowatt hours per month during the year, which is enough to power about 12,500 homes. In a bottling facility, we don't deal with that type of "waste"; however, we can learn from OCSD to be more mindful of cost-saving opportunities. For example, take the time to review the

water use of your processing operations and look for ways to become a more efficient water user.

3. Take Care of Our Oceans The OCSD’s two treatment plants are in Fountain Valley and Huntington Beach, California. Leading from the latter facility and five miles into the Pacific Ocean is the OCSD’s pipeline transporting newly recycled water. Along the last 6,000 feet of the pipeline, water is released through 503 portholes. This area of the pipeline has a 10-foot diameter, and rests on the ocean floor at a depth of 200 feet. The OCSD has an ocean monitoring program that audits water quality, marine life, and sediment quality within 38 square miles of ocean off the coast of Huntington Beach. The program is overseen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as well as the

California Regional Water Quality Control Board. The program studies water samples along a 21-mile stretch of beaches, ensuring that the public and marine life are safe from any effects from the treated wastewater.

Wastewater: Far From a Waste and Not Simply “Water Treatment” Facilities like the OCSD showcase the value of wastewater, which goes beyond just creating new water. Such facilities can be a boon to residents and local industries, existing as a source for new potable water and saving energy costs. Wastewater can also be recycled to support local wildlife. As some bottlers depend on public water systems as a water source, it’s important for wastewater treatment facilities like the OCSD to continue to thrive and make advancements.

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JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 23

MEMBER RESOURCE:

IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide and Checklist By Al Lear, IBWA Director of Science and Research

The IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide and Checklist was released to the membership in November of 2019. Developed by the IBWA Environmental Sustainability Committee, the voluntary guide provides a reference for current or prospective members to use with existing facilities and when developing new bottling facilities. The Water Stewardship Best Practices Checklist also provides a basis for members to self-audit their water stewardship efforts. IBWA is a member of the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS), a global collaboration comprising businesses, 24 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

non-governmental organizations/nonprofits, and the public sector. AWS members contribute to the sustainability of local water resources through their adoption and promotion of a universal framework for the sustainable use of water known as the International Water Stewardship Standard, or AWS 2.0 standard. This standard seeks five outcomes: good water governance; sustainable water balance; good water quality status; important water-related areas; and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide incorporates elements of the AWS 2.0 standard,

which align IBWA’s guide and checklist with the latest version of the AWS global standard. IBWA supports this framework because it serves as a guide members can use when developing their water stewardship programs. The steps in the process can be applied as best fits a particular site’s needs or a facility’s current progress in water stewardship. It also provides a basis for IBWA members to later seek certification to the AWS standard if they so choose. In addition to the five outcomes described above, the following five steps make up the AWS elements incorporated into the current version of the IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide.

TECHNICAL UPDATE Step 1: GATHER & UNDERSTAND – Gather data to understand shared water challenges and water risks, impacts and opportunities 1. Gather information to define the site’s physical scope for water stewardship purposes. 2. Understand relevant stakeholders, their water- related challenges, and the site’s ability to influence beyond its boundaries. 3. Gather water-related data for the site. 4. Gather data on the site’s indirect water use. 5. Gather water-related data for the catchment. 6. Understand current and future shared water-related challenges in the catchment. 7. Understand the site’s water risks and opportunities. 8. Understand best practice towards achieving the outcomes.

Step 2: COMMIT & PLAN– Commit to be a responsible water steward and develop a water stewardship plan 1. Establish a leadership commitment on water stewardship. 2. Develop and document a plan to achieve and maintain legal and regulatory compliance. 3. Create a water stewardship strategy and plan. 4. Demonstrate the site’s responsiveness and resilience to respond to water risks.

Step 3: IMPLEMENT – Implement the site’s stewardship plan and improve impacts 1. Implement plan to participate positively in catchment governance. 2. Implement system to comply with water-related legal and regulatory requirements and respect water rights. 3. Implement plan to achieve site water balance targets.

4. Implement plan to achieve site water quality targets. 5. Implement plan to maintain or improve the site’s and/or catchment’s Important Water-Related Areas. 6. Implement plan to provide access to safe drinking water, effective sanitation, and protective hygiene (WASH) for all workers at all premises under the site’s control. 7. Implement plan to maintain or improve indirect water use within the catchment. 8. Implement plan to engage with and notify the owners of any shared water-related infrastructure of any concerns the site may have. 9. Implement actions to achieve best practice towards outcomes: con-

USE IBWA’S GUIDE TO DEVELOP YOUR WATER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.

3. Evaluate stakeholders’ consultation feedback regarding the site’s water stewardship performance, including the effectiveness of the site’s engagement process. 4. Evaluate and update the site’s water stewardship plan, incorporating the information obtained from the evaluation process in the context of continual improvement.

Step 5: COMMUNICATE & DISCLOSE – Communicate about water stewardship and disclose the site’s stewardship efforts 1. Disclose water-related internal governance of the site’s management. 2. Communicate the water stewardship plan with relevant stakeholders. 3. Disclose annual site water stewardship summary. 4. Disclose efforts to collectively address shared water challenges. 5. Communicate transparency in water-related compliance: make any site water-related compliance violations available upon request as well as any corrective actions the site has taken to prevent future occurrences.

Members’ Only tinually improve towards achieving sectoral best practice having a local/ catchment, regional, or national relevance.

Step 4: EVALUATE – Evaluate the site’s performance 1. Evaluate the site’s performance in light of its actions and targets from its water stewardship plan and demonstrate its contribution to achieving water stewardship outcomes. 2. Evaluate the impacts of waterrelated emergency incidents (including extreme events), if any occurred, and determine the effectiveness of corrective and preventative measures.

The IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices Guide and Checklist is available on the Members’ Only section of the IBWA website. After logging into the IBWA website, click on “Environmental Sustainability” under “Member Resources.” Both documents are available from a list of “IBWA Sustainability Documents” found on this page. Additional information regarding the Alliance for Water Stewardship Standard can be found on the website for The Water Council, the North America regional partner for the Alliance for Water Stewardship: thewatercouncil.com/programs/ alliance-for-water-stewardship.

JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 25

CPO QUIZ

IBWA

certified plant operators (CPOs) are encouraged to complete the following quiz for ½ IBWA continuing education unit (CEU). The questions are derived from material presented in this issue of the Bottled Water Reporter, the IBWA Plant Technical Reference Manual, and the IBWA Bottled Water Code of Practice. Submit this quiz to Linda Alfakir (lalfakir@bottledwater.org / Fax: 703.683.4074), IBWA Education and Technical Program Coordinator, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22314. Look for additional quizzes in future issues and earn additional IBWA CEUs!

Name______________________________________________________ Company__________________________________________________ Address____________________________________________________ City_______________________________________________________ State/Province______________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code____________________________________________

Check your selection for each question

The Alliance for Water Stewardship is a global collaboration comprising the following, except ____.

O O O O

businesses non-government organizations US Geological Survey public sector

The document that includes procedures for determining the disposition of finished product in the marketplace, and possible retrieval of the product, is a _____.

O O O O

Food Safety Plan Recall Plan SSOP Food Defense Plan

This level of recall generally involves recall to the wholesale level, no public notification, and no effectiveness checks.

O Class I O Class II O Class III

Elements of IBWA Water Stewardship Best Practices include gathering data to understand shared water challenges and water risks, impacts, and opportunities

O Implement plan to achieve site water balance targets. O Understand the site’s water risks and opportunities. O Disclose water-related internal governance of the site’s management. O Establish a leadership commitment on water stewardship.

Which of the following is required currently in a bottled water facility by FDA?

O O O O

A food safety plan Annual testing of all finished product waters A recall plan All of the above

26 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

The new IBWA SOQ for PFAS in bottled water is _____.

O 5 ppt for a single PFAS compound detected O 70 ppt. for all PFAS compounds detected O 10 ppt for two or more PFAS compounds detected O a) and c) above

To earn an Excellence in Manufacturing Award in IBWA’s new 2019 Tier 1 annual audit program, a facility must have no major nonconformities and no more than _____ minor nonconformities.

O O O O

3 17 7 10

A natural water source must be tested for radiological contaminants _____.

O O O O

Annually Every 9 years Every 4 years Every 3 years

Which of the following is not consistent with the other items?

O O O O

Adulterated Spoiled Fresh Contaminated

10|

Which of the following is not a commonly used disinfectant?

O O O O

Chlorine Sodium hydroxide Chlorine dioxide Sodium hypochlorite

ADVERTISERS Analytical Technology . . . . www.analyticaltechnology.com . .Inside Back Cover Blackhawk Molding Co. . . www.blackhawkmolding.com. . . .Inside Front Cover Polymer Solutions Int'l . . . . www.prostack.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sigma Home Products Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . www.sigmahomeproducts.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Steelhead Inc. . . . . . . . . . www.steelheadinc.com . . . . . . Outside Back Cover

ADVERTISE WITH US Want to advertise in Bottled Water Reporter? Contact IBWA Advertising Account Manager Stephanie Schaefer: stephanie@bottledwater.org / 817.719.6197.

CALENDAR 2020 9-11 • MARCH Joint MABWA, SEBWA, SABWA Convention and Trade Show Renaissance Arts Hotel New Orleans, LA

MARCH 16-17 • CBWA Convention Paso Robles Inn Paso Robles, CA

13-16 • MAY NWBWA 28th Annual

Convention & Trade Show Embassy Suites Hotel PDX Airport Portland, OR

1-4 • JUNE IBWA June Board of Directors and Committee Meetings Hilton Old Town Alexandria, VA

7-12 • NOVEMBER IBWA Annual Business

Conference and Co-Location with NAMA CoffeeTea&Water Show Hyatt Regency Orlando, FL

WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG/MEMBERSHIP

JAN/FEB 2020 • BWR • 27

BOTTLED WATER: BY THE NUMBERS Results from a Harris Poll of approximately 2,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older show that more than 9 in 10 Americans (91 percent) say bottled water should be sold wherever other drinks are sold. And if plain water is not available, 74 percent say they would choose another packaged drink: 19%

soda 9%

coffee sparkling bottled water

tea

juice/fruit drinks

7% 6%

sports drink flavored or sweetened sparkling/still bottled water functional water

bottled tea

energy drink other packaged drink*

95%

have purchased bottled water, which aligns with the fact that Beverage Marketing Corporation statistics show bottled water is America’s favorite packaged drink—for the fourth year in a row.

89%

agree that making new products from recycled material is better for the environment than using virgin material.

75%

say plastic is a valuable resource that can be recycled over and over again.

5% 3% 1%

*Among the remaining 26%, 1% say they would stay thirsty, 12% would drink filtered water, 7% would drink from a public fountain, and 5% would drink unfiltered tap water.

WHERE BOTTLED WATER IS CONSUMED 86% when traveling

83% at work

76% at home

72% while shopping

Of the bottled water drinkers who have a packaging preference, 79% prefer it packaged in plastic bottles (15% glass, 4% aluminum cans, 2% paper cartons).

Most people—72%—drink both tap and bottled water. And 86% of Americans say they should drink more water—and 89% believe that bottled water is a healthy and convenient beverage.

70% at social events

68% at sports/ entertainment venues

66% at the gym

69% say consumers are primarily responsible for recycling water bottles—compared to companies (61%), government (31%), and a combination of all three (20%).

WHY CHOOSE BOTTLED WATER?

97% taste; 97% quality; 91% safety; 82% convenient, on-the-go packaging; 82% resealable container.

Survey Methodology: The 2019 survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of International Bottled Water Association from November 12-14, 2019 among 2,071 U.S. adults ages 18 and older, among whom 1,344 are bottled water drinkers (still or sparkling) and 1,205 are soda drinkers. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated.

28 • BWR • WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

R fo

Int

Reliable instruments for the ozone industRy Interference-Free Measurement of Dissolved Ozone Online Monitoring & Control for Ozonation Systems ATI’s Dissolved Ozone Monitor provides an economical and reliable measurement system for monitoring and controlling ozone treatment systems. With a variety of outputs including 4-20 mA analog, PID control, three adjustable relays, and digital communications (Profibus-DP, Modbus-RTU, and Ethernet-IP). The Q46H/64 is adaptable to any ozone application.

Model Q46H/64

Modular Gas Detector

Model A14/A11 • Expandable and Available for Multi-Channel Applications • Optional Self-Checking Sensors

• No Interference from Residual Chlorine • Direct Measurement of Ozone without Reagents • Multiple Sensor Mounting Styles • Low Operating Cost with Minimal Maintenance Required • Optional pH Sensor for Dual Parameter Monitoring

Digital Gas Detector

Model F12 • Available for AC, DC, or Battery • Uses “Smart Sensors” • Optional Self-Checking Sensors

800-959-0299 www.analyticaltechnology.com

Portable Gas Detector

Model C16 • Data Logger Standard • Uses “Smart Sensors” for up to 33 Different Gases

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AD 4 DEC

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One Operator Bottling Systems: 150 – 350 bph 5 Gallon Systems

Water Treatment: RO, Mineral Injection, Ozone

Check with us for pre-owned options

Full Plants: Turnkey Solutions for Every Size

High Speed Bottling Systems: 450 – 3000 bph 5 Gallon Systems

VATION s SO NO

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All bottling processes are not equal. Steelhead stands alone with our commitment ommitme en t ients. to innovation, efficiency and bottom line profitability for our clients.

S E RV I C E LD CLASS