REASONS OF FARMERS SUICIDE IN JAYSHANKAR BHUPALPALLY DISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE by IASET Journals

InternationalJournalofApplied andNaturalSciences(IJANS)

ISSN(P):2319–4014;ISSN(E):2319–4022

Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;9–14

©IASET

REASONSOFFARMERSSUICIDEINJAYSHANKARBHUPALPALLYDISTRICTOF TELANGANASTATE

LavudyaMadhu1&DipakKumarBose2

1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgriculture,Extension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India

2AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculture,Extension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India

ABSTRACT

ThestudywasconductedinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaStatetostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide. Throughquotasamplingmethod10deceasedfarmerswereselectedatrandom,thusatotal120respondentswereselected fromtheselectedtenvillagestostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterviewmethod byusingpre-structuredinterviewscheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysiswasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion. Thestudyrevealedthatmajorityofthedeceasedfarmers(53.33%)belongedtooldagegroup,68.33percentweremales, 43.34percentwereilliterate,39.17percenthadsmallsizeoffamily(1-3members).Mostofthedeceasedfarmers (38.33%)hadsmallsize(1-2.5acres)offarmsizewhile35.84percentofthedeceasedfarmershadmediumsize(2.5-5 acres)offarmsizeand25.83percentofthedeceasedfarmershadhigh(morethan5acres)offarmsizeduringthetimeof suicide.Themajorreasonsforsuicideareduetoindebtedness(91.67%)andwasrankedfirst,duetocroprelated issues(86.67%)andwasrankedsecond,duetofamilyproblems((79.17%)andwasrankedthirdasreportedbythe victim’sfamily.

KEYWORDS:Suicide,Victim,Reason

ArticleHistory

Received:30Jun2022|Revised:05Jul2022|Accepted:15Jul2022

INTRODUCTION

InIndia,theproblemsoffarmerscametolightin1990whentheperiodofliberalizationstarted.Itisduetothe liberalizationandglobalizationthattheimportoffoodgrainsatcheaperpriceshasalreadybegunandontheotherside increasedinputcostswhilereducingyieldsandprofits.Furtherthefarmersinourcountryareforcedtoburntheirready cropsrightinthefields.Thereasonwhytheyaredoingsoisthattheyarenotabletogetgoodpricefortheircropsand sometimestheoverallpricewhichtheygetaftersellingtheirharvestfallsfarlowerthanthetotalsuminvestedbythemin farming.InIndia,everyyearthefarmershavetosufferhugelosseseitherduetodroughts,orfloodsordamagebypests anddiseases.Whatevermaybethereasonsofarforthelossoftheircrops,theyend-upemptyhandedandmanytimesfail torepaytheirdebtastheyborrowhugeamountofmoneyfrommoneylendersorfromtheirlandlordsfortheirfarming occupationcoupledwiththerisinginterestontheirloanamount.Insuchasituation,theysufferfromhumiliationandin suchaconditiontheirpersistingpsychologicalagonyforcesthemtocommitsuicide(Dealluck2012).

Farmersarethusexposedtoahighrateofstress.Physicalstressorsandhazardsofthefarmenvironmentare compoundedbyregulatoryframeworkandeconomicdynamicsofmanagingfarmbusiness.Theseoperateinthecontextof

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decliningtrendsoftradeforagriculturalproduce,volatilecommoditymarkets,limitedavailabilityofoff-farm employment,growingcostofmachineryandproductionandlossoffarmorlivelihoodduetocropfailures.Economic concernsandgovernmentbureaucracyhavebeenconsistentlyidentifiedasamajorcauseofstressandacontributorto suicide.Thereisnocustomaryormandatoryretirementageforfarmersallovertheworldandmanytendtoworkbeyond thecustomaryretirementage,placingtheyoungergenerationinadependantrelationshipwiththeirparentsformuch longerthanistypical.Thiscanleadtotensionbetweenthetwogenerationsonthefarm.Rolesbetweenwork,homeand familyareoftenblurred,withfarmingoperatingasanoccupationandwayoflifeformanyfarmers.Researchhadshowna relationshipbetweenmonetaryandfamilyproblemswithsuicide(Anjali2017).

Agriculturenotonlyprovidesemploymenttoalmosthalfofthepopulationbutitisalsorelatedtoourfood security.Inadequatereturninagriculturehascausedsteepriseinmigrationfromvillagesandabout40percentofthe farmerswouldwanttoquitagricultureandtakeupsomeothercareerasapartoflivelihood(Carleton2017).

Telanganastandsinthethirdpositioninnumberoffarmers'suicidesinthecountryaccordingtoNCRBandADSI REPORT,2019.Higherleveloffarmersuicidesisascribedtocottoncultivationandcontinuousdrought.Outofthetotal farmersuicidesinTelangana,70to75percentaretenantfarmers.AllIndiaDebitandInvestmentSurvey2019revealed thatincidenceofindebtednesswerealarminginTelanganawith64percentwhichisintoprankinthecountry.

MATERIALSANDMETHODS

ThestudywasconductedinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaStatetostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.. Descriptiveresearchdesignwasadoptedforthestudyasitdescribesthecharacteristicsorphenomenathatarebeing studied.Throughquotasamplingmethod10deceasedfarmerswereselectedatrandom,thusatotal120respondentswere selectedfromtheselectedtenvillagestostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterview methodbyusingpre-structuredinterviewscheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysis(i.e.frequency,percentage, correlation,Rankbasedquotient(RBQ)etc.)wasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion.

OBJECTIVESFORTHESTUDY

 Toaccessthesocio-economicprofileofrespondents.

 Todeterminethemajorreasonsforfarmerstocommitsuicide.

ImpactFactor(JCC):7.1738

NAASRating3.73

LavudyaMadhu&DipakKumarBose

RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

Fromthetable-1.Itwasfoundthat42.5percentoftherespondentsareundermiddleagegroup(36-50).Majority (68.33%)ofrespondentsaremale.Itwasfoundthat43.34percentoftherespondentsareilliterate.Majority(63.33)of respondentsareItwasfoundthat39.1723percentoftherespondentsareundermediumfamily(4-6).Majority(53.33%) ofrespondentsareowners.Itwasfoundthat38.33oftherespondentsareundersmallfarmsize(1-2.5acres).Majority (81.67%)ofrespondentsareundernonsubsidyoccupation.Majority(58.33%)ofrespondentsarehavingmedium(2-3 lakh)annualincome.Majority(78.33%)ofrespondentshavinglowexpenditurepermonth.Similarfindingisalsoreported byRanade(2017).

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S.No IndependentVariables Category Frequency Percentage 1 Age Young(18-35years) 8 06.67 Middle(36-50years) 51 42.50 Old(above50years) 64 53.33 2 Gender Male 82 68.33 Female 38 31.67 3 Education Illiterate 52 43.34 Primaryschool 30 25.00 Secondaryschool 24 20.00 Intermediate 11 09.16 Graduate&above 03 02.50 4 Familytype Nuclearfamily 76 63.33 Jointfamily 44 36.67 5 Familysize Small(1-3members) 47 39.17 Medium(4-6members) 43 35.83 Large(morethan6members) 30 25.00 6 Ownershiptype Owner 64 53.33 Tenant 56 46.67 7 Farmsize Small(1-2.5acers) 46 38.33 Medium(2.6-5acers) 43 35.84 High(morethan5acers) 31 25.83 8 Subsidiaryoccupation Subsidiaryoccupation 22 18.33 Nonsubsidiaryoccupation 98 81.67 9 Annualincome Low(upto1lakh) 26 21.67 Medium(1-2lakh) 70 58.33 High(above2lakh) 24 20.00 10Expenditurepermonth Low(Rs.3000-8000) 91 78.33 Medium(Rs.8000-13000) 21 17.50 High(Rs.13000-18000) 5 4.17

1.ToAccesstheSocio-EconomicProfileofRespondents Table1:Socio-EconomicProfileandSelectedIndependentVariablesoftheRespondents

ReasonsofFarmersSuicideinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaState 11

1.ToDeterminetheMajorReasonsforFarmerstoCommitSuicide.

Table2:MajorReasonsforFarmerstoCommitSuicide

Fromtheabovetablewasnoticedthatthemajorreasonsforsuicidesinthestudyareaareindebtedness,crop relatedissues,familyproblems.Remainingallotherreasonswereminorreasons.Variousreasonshavebeenofferedto explainwhyfarmerscommittedsuicideinstudyarea.Nosinglecausewasresponsibleforsuicidebutdeceasedfarmers weremotivatedbymorethanonecause,onaveragethreeormorecausesforcommittingsuicide.Similarfindingwerealso reportedbyBehere(2018)

CONCLUSION

Itwasconcludedthatmajorityofthedeceasedfarmersweremalesandbelongedtooldagegroupandilitrate.Majorityof respondentsarebelongstonuclearfamily,hadsmallsizeoflandholdings,hadlowlevelsofannualincomeandtheir expenditurepermonthwasalsolow.Themajorreasonsforsuicidesareindebtedness,croprelatedissues,familyproblems. Nosinglecausewasresponsibleforsuicidebutdeceasedfarmersweremotivatedbymorethanonecause,onaveragethree ormorecausesforcommittingsuicide.Extensionagencyisadvisedtomakearrangementsforextensionworkerstoreside invillagesandbuildgoodrapportwithfarmingcommunityandbeavailableallthetimeforsolvingdaytodayproblems andgivingsupportwhichwithhelptorelievethestressoffarmer.

REFERENCES

1.RanadeAjit.(2017)Loanfortenants:smallreform,biggain.

2.Jain.Anjali(2017)AStudyofTrendsandMagnitudeofFarmerSuicidesinIndia,JournalofAdvancesand ScholarlyResearchesinAlliedEducation,13(2):80-85

3.BehereP.BandBehereA.P(2018)Farmers'suicideinVidarbharegionofMaharashtrastate:Amythor reality,IndianJournalofPsychiatry,50(2):124-127.

4.DealluckIrengbam(2012)StudyofSuicideVictimsofAgricultureinPunjab,InternationalJournalof Management&Businessstudies,2(1):36-38.

5.P.Sainath(2015)Theslaughterofsuicidedata:PSainathtakesonNCRBreport.

6.SpecialCorrespondent(2017)reportedthat70%ofryotswhocommittedsuicidearetenants

AndhraPradesh. TheHindu.

ImpactFactor(JCC):7.1738 NAASRating3.73

12 LavudyaMadhu&DipakKumarBose

S.No. Reason A UD DA Rank f % F % f % 1 Indebtedness 110 91.67 08 6.67 02 01.66 I 2 Croprelatedissues 104 86.67 10 8.33 06 05.00 II 3 Familyproblems 95 79.17 20 16.67 05 04.16 III 4 Illness 39 32.50 25 20.83 56 46.67 IV 5 Alcohol 25 20.83 24 20 71 59.17 V 6 PsychologicalStress 14 11.67 20 16.67 94 78.33 VI 7 Educationofchildren 13 10.83 45 37.50 62 51.67 VII 8 SocialInsult 10 08.33 29 24.17 81 67.50 VIII 9 Propertydisputes 06 05.00 34 28.33 80 66.67 IX 10 Marriagerelatedissues 03 03.33 09 07.50 108 90.00 X

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7.TammaCarleton(2017)Crop-damagingtemperaturesincreasesuicideratesinIndia.ProceedingsofNational AcademyoftheSciencesofUnitedStatesofAmerica.

8.TelanganaRetiredAgricultureDepartmentalOfficersWelfareAssociationandtheTelanganaAgricultural OfficersAssociation,(2015)-AspotstudyoffarmerssuicidesandpossiblepreventivemeasuresinTelangana State.

ReasonsofFarmersSuicideinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaState 13 www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us