ჟურნალისტთა უსაფრთხოების სახელმძღვანელო

riskis qveS

s i k s ri

S e v q

JurnalistTa usafrTxoebis saxelmZRvanelo besik maminaiSvili geno joxiZe zviad foCxua

2012, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo 11

saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia

riskis JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia

saxifaTo profesia usafrTxoebis megzuri JurnalistebisTvis Tbilisi, 2012

Dangerous Profession A security Guide for Journalist Tbilisi, 2012

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“yovel adamians aqvs ufleba mrwamsis Tavisuflebis da misi Tavisuflad gamoTqmis; es ufleba moicavs adamianis Tavisuflebas daubrkoleblad iqonios Tavisi mrwamsi da eZios, miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia da ideebi yovelgvari saSualebebiT da saxelmwifo sazRvrebisgan damoukideblad“ adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaraciis me-19 muxli. deklaracia miRebulia gaero-s generalur asambleaze, rezolucia #217A(III), 1948 wlis 10 dekembers

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gamocemis koordinatori: aqsana romaniuki avtorTa jgufis redaqtori: besik maminaiSvili avtorebi: besik maminaiSvili, geno joxiZe, zviad foCxua kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Temur sixaruliZe dizaini: saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia es saxelmZRvanelo, saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciasa da JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mier, erToblivad gamoica. wigni dafuZnebulia ukrainul saxelmZRvaneloze, romelic, 2007 wels, SvedeTis JurnalistTa kavSiris, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis, ukrainis JurnalistTa erovnuli kavSiris da ukrainis JurnalistTa profkavSiris mier, erToblivad gamoica. iuridiuli eqspertiza:naTia kapanaZe, axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia wigni dafinansebulia evropis kavSiris mier. saxelmZRvaneloSi dabeWdil masalebze pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia da JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia. wignis Sinaarsi ar unda ganixilebodes, rogorc evrokavSiris pozicia. gamoyenebulia `interpresniussis~ fotomasala

© saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia 2012, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo This handbook was jointly produced by the Independent Association of Georgian Journalists and the International Federation of Journalists. It is based on the Ukraine handbook published in 2007 as a joint venture between the Swedish Journalists’ Union, the IFJ, the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine and the Independent Media Trade Union of Ukraine. The original author, Oksana Romaniuk, is also the supervising editor for the Georgian version.

Title: Under the Risk Authors: Besik Maminaishvili, Eugene Jokhidze, Zviad Pochkhua Tech Support: Temur Sikharulidze Design: IAGJ Printer: Publishing House Color ltd Sponsorship and copyright: This handbook was produced with the support of the European Union. The contents are the sole responsibility of the IAGJ and the IFJ and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. © 2012, Independent Association of Georgian Journalists Tbilisi, Georgia

saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia

www.ec.europa.eu

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Independent Association of Georgian Journalists

www.iagj.org.ge

www.ifj.org

sarCevi {nawili 1} fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

1.1 muqara _ misi formebi, mizani da Sedegebi .................9 1.2 muqarebi (satelefono, internetiT, sms) .......................11 1.3 muqara piradi urTierTobebisas ..........................................18 1.4 SantaJi ..............................................................................................................23

{nawili 2} saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

2.1 aqciebis gaSuqeba-movlenebis epicentrSi................ 27 2.2 Tavdasxma Jurnalistebze.............................................................42 2.3 profesiuli teqnikis dazianeba/CamorTmeva..........48 2.4 Tavdasxma redaqciebze/telekompaniebze.................... 52 2.5 Jurnalistis tyved/mZevlad ayvana ................................... 58 2.6 TavdacviTi da usafrTxoebis saSualebebi.......... 75

{nawili 3} iuridiuli safrTxeebi Tavi 3.1. sasamarTloSi Civili ............................................................81 Tavi 3.2. satelefono mosmenebi .................................................................. 92 Tavi 3.4 Jurnalistis dapatimreba ............................................................97

{nawili 4} ekonomikuri safrTxeebi Tavi 4.1 xSiri finansuri Semowmebebi................................................. 104 Tavi 4.2 zewola potenciur reklamis SemkveTebze ............ 113

{nawili 5} informaciis miReba da gavrceleba Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

5.1 informaciis xelmisawvdomoba .............................................. 119 5.2 mediis SezRudvis mcdelobebi ........................................... 133 5.3 kiber-usafrTxoeba ........................................................................... 138 5.4 cenzura da TviTcenzura...........................................................141

eTikis kodeqsi / media organizaciebi ............................................. 124

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JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia da usafrTxoeba ori aTwleuli gavida, imis Semdeg, rac usafrTxoeba JurnalistikaSi, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mTavari samuSao sagani gaxda, xolo 1992 wels, daRupuli JurnalistTa Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb, pirveli wliuri angariSi saerTaSoriso gamoqveynda. Seiqmna usafrTxoebis fondi, romelic federaciis gadaudebel daxmarebas uwevs Jurnalistebs, romlebic prezidenti, Tavdasxmis obieqtebi gaxdnen.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia iyo pirveli organizacia, romelmac usafrTxoebis treningebi jer balkaneTis konfliqtis gaSuqebaSi monawile saerTaSoriso JurnalistebisTvis Caatara, xolo Semdgom, es treningebi rigiT Jurnalistebs moargo, romlebsac maT qveynebs momdgari konfliqtebis gamo, omis korespondentebad gaxdoma mouwiaT. JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciam gamoiyena msoflioSi 180 wevri organizaciis Zalisxmeva, raTa moexdina JurnalistTa dasacavad, adekvaturi saerTaSoriso instrumentebis gamoyeneba da lobireba. 2006 wels man warmatebiT SeZlo daerwmunebina gaeros usafrTxoebis sabWo 1738 rezoluciis miRebaSi, romelic gmobda Tavdasxmebs Jurnalistebze da mouwodebda mTavrobebs eRiarebinaT pasuxismgebloba mediis muSakTa usafrTxoebis garantirebaSi. am droidan, uamravma samTavrobaTaSoriso institutma, maT Soris “iuneskom“, “euTom“ da evropis sabWom, gamoxata mzadyofna daicvas Jurnalistebi. amavdroulad, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia warmarTavda usafrTxoebis programebs, maT Soris amzadebda usafrTxoebis trenerebs Sua aRmosavleTSi da arabul samyaroSi, amzadebda Jurnalistebs kavkasiaSi da mxars uWerda dausjelobis winaaRmdeg dawyebul kampanias yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi. am saqmeSi mniSvnelovani iyo TanamSromloba ukrainis da ruseTis kavSirebTan, romlebmac wamyvani roli iTamaSes giorgi RonRaZis da ana politkovskaias saqmeebis gamoZiebaSi. es wigni modis Jurnalistebis yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da brZolidan - gadascen yoveldRiuri ambebi danaSaulis, korufciis da Zalauflebis gadametebis Sesaxeb. Jurnalistebi amas, kanonis mxridan dacvis gareSe da ukontrolo dausjelobis pirobebSi akeTeben, rac maT, safrTxeebis da Zaladobis winaSe ayenebs. mocemuli wigni - “riskis qveS“ dafuZnebulia im gamocdilebaze, romelic gasul ocwleulSi am regionSi SeviZineT. es aris nawili megzurebis seriidan, romelic gamoicema somxeTis, azerbaijanis, moldovas da ruseTis j im bu m el a,

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winasityvaoba JurnalistTa kavSirebis mier. es wigni, Cvens mier, ukrainel partniorebsa da SvedeTis JurnalistTa kavSiris TanamSromlobiT, 2007 wels, gamocemul saxelmZRvanelos eyrdnoba.

Cven vendobiT Cveni partniorebis Zalisxmevas, erToblivad miudgnen am sakiTxs da ecadon, yvela arsebuli ZaliT, uzrunvelyon TavianTi wevrebi saukeTeso daxmarebiT, rCeviT da dacviT. es SesaZlebelia, mxolod Zlieri, demokratiuli da damoukidebeli Jurnalisturi kavSirebis meSveobiT, romlebic uzrunvelyofen profesiis namdvil dacvas da ganviTarebas.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mowodebaa: “ar arsebobs presis Tavisufleba iq, sadac Jurnalistebi arian korufciis, siRaribis da SiSis pirobebSi“. imedi gvaqvs, rom es wigni wvlils Seitans SiSis mospobaSi da saSualebas miscems Jurnalistebs, daamarcxon korufcia da siRaribe.

usafrTxoeba 2007 wlis dasawyisSi, SvedeTis JurnalistTa kavSiri, or ukrainel partniorTan erToblivi programis finalur fazaSi Sedioda, rodesac sagamoZiebo JurnalistebisTvis evropis usafrTxoebis megzuris gamocema gadawyda.

JurnalistTa am dromde, mosamzadebeli masalebis umetesoba, federaciis omis korespondentebze da konfliqtSi CaTreul prezidenti.

Jurnalistebze iyo fokusirebuli.

Tumca, ukrainel Jurnalistebs ar gadautaniaT omi da miuxedavad amisa, profesiuli saqmianobis da danaSaulis samyaros gamoaSkaravebis gamo, maT SiSis, Zaladobis da SekveTili mkvlelobebis garemoSi mouwiaT muSaoba.

SvedeTis kavSirs am mxriv garkveuli gamocdileba hqonda, romelic man, 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi, JurnalistebisTvis gankuTvnili sakuTari saxelmZRvanelos - “zRvris gadalaxva“ - gamocemisas miiRo. wigni exeboda im Jurnalistebs, romlebic SvedeTis eqstremistuli politikuri jgufebis, memarjvene faSistebis saqmianobas iZiebdnen. wigni dawera Stig larsonma, romelic amavdroulad, qalebze Zaladobis da SvedeTSi trefikingis Sesaxeb gamocemuli wignis “saukunis trilogiis“ avtoria. ukrainuli saxelmZRvanelo, romelic 2007 wels gamoica, im JurnalistTa aucilebel megzurad iqca, romlebic cdiloben minimumamde daiyvanon JurnalistTa winaSe arsebuli safrTxeebi.

Stig larsonis naSromi, safuZvels uyris aRmosavleT evropaSi, axali saxelmZRvaneloebebis serias, rogorc aucilebel iaraRs JurnalistTa brZolaSi - aRmofxvran korufcia, Zaladoba da gaakontrolon xelisufleba. a rni kionig,

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saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia zviad foCxua; Jurnalisti, `saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciis~ prezidenti

s

aqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia (sJda) _ damoukidebeli saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirveli Jurnalisturi gaerTianebaa, romelmac JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis (www.IFJ.org) wevroba miiRo (2000 w.). asociacia daafuZna profesional JurnalistTa jgufma. organizaciaSi 150-ze meti Jurnalistia gawevrianebuli.

2003 wels saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebelma asociaciam monawileoba miiRo kavkasiisa da Sua aziis

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geno joxiZe; Jurnalisti, `saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciis~ viceprezidenti

beso maminaiSvili; Jurnalisti, `saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciis~ aRmasrulebeli sabWos wevri

avtorebis Sesaxeb

Independent Association of Georgian Journalists

arasamTavrobo Jurnalisturi organizaciebis kavSiris (www.

CASCFEN.org) dafuZnebaSi. xolo 2004 wels SeuerTda kavkasiis arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa qsels (www.CRINGO.net).

2001 wels saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebelma asociaciam Seqmna da oficialurad miiRo JurnalistTa eTikis kodeqsi (qcevis kodeqsi). kodeqsi safuZvlad daedo sxva media organizaciebis eTikis kodeqss. sJda axorcielebs saqarTveloSi mediis mdgomareobis monitorings, amzadebs sagangaSo Setyobinebebs JurnalistTa mimarT gamoxatuli Tavdasxmebis an samarTlebrivi devnis Sesaxeb, awvdis maT saerTaSoriso federacias da sxva uflebadamcvel saerTaSoriso organizacias. asociacia atarebs JurnalistebisTvis treningebs, konferenciebs. is, aseve daxmarebas uwevs politikuri TavSesafris mizniT, ucxoeTSi myof Jurnalistebs. asociacia konsultaciebs uwevs mediis muSakebs, romlebic ganicdian devnas an aqvT konfliqti damqiravebelTan.

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riskis qveS nawili 1 fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze Tavi 1.1 muqara _ misi formebi, mizani da Sedegebi avtori: besik maminaiSvili

r

atom emuqrebian Jurnalistebs _ ra aris Jurnalistebze am saxiT zewolis saboloo mizani; romel Jurnalistebs emuqreba safrTxe; ZiriTadad ra SemTxvevebSi emuqrebaT safrTxeebi maT; visgan momdinareobs safrTxe _ vin SeiZleba emuqrebodes Jurnalists; ra tipis safrTxeebi SeiZleba emuqrebodes Jurnalists. araofocialuri gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi JurnalistTa naxevarze mets, profesiul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT ama Tu im formiT damuqrebian. muqaris formebidan gamomdinare, JurnalistTa reaqcia am muqarebze sxvadasxvaa _ muqaris ignorirebiT dawyebuli da profesiuli saqmianobisTvis Tavis danebebiT damTavrebuli. statistikis Tanaxmad, Jurnalistebze ganxorcielebuli muqarebis daaxloebiT 80% mxolod fsiqologiuri zewolis mcdelobaa da arasasiamovno saubarsa Tu werilebs iqiT saqme ar midis. Tumca, Tu gemuqrebian, gamoricxuli araa, rom Tqveni SemTxveva darCenil 20%Si Sediodes. amitomac pirvel rigSi unda icodeT, rom nebismier SemTxvevaSi, muqaris ignorireba Secdomaa.

Jurnalistze muqaris mizani, rogorc wesi, SeiZleba iyos misi daSineba, misgan informaciis gamoZalva, masze kontrolis damyareba da a.S. Jurnalistebs xSirad emuqrebian uSualod maTi an maTi ojaxis wevrebis ganadgurebiT, fizikuri angariSsworebiT, piradi qonebis dazianebiT da a.S. ufro xSirad ki muqara araa konkretizirebuli da misi avtori zogadi frazebiT Semoifargleba. mag: „problemebi Segeqmneba...~, "rac mogiva, Sens Tavs daabrale...~ da a. S. praqtikuli gamocdilebidan cnobilia, rom Jurnalistebs ZiriTad emuqrebian is adamianebi, an adamianTa jgufebi, romelTac uSualo kavSiri aqvT Jurnalistis mier momzadebul statiasTan/ siuJetTan. muqaris miRebisas Jurnalistma upirveles yovlisa unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi: imis imedad yofna, rom muqaris avtori

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze an avtorebi ama Tu im mizezTa gamo ver gabedaven danapirebis sisruleSi moyvanas, Secdomaa. qarTvel JurnalistTa praqtikuli magaliTebidan gamomdinare, muqarisagan Tavis dacvis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi xerxia muqaris faqtis gaxmaureba. gaakeTeT gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom gemuqrebian, sadac aRwerT detalebs: riTi gemuqrebian, vin gemuqrebaT da ratom. SeZlebisdagvarad SeagroveT muqaris faqtis damadasturebeli masalebi (audio/video Canaweri, es-em-es-ebi, werilebi da a. S.) da oficialuri gancxadebiT mimarTeT samarTaldamcav organoebs. muqara adamianis uflebaTa darRvevaa da imis miuxedavad realuria Tu ara safrTxe, muqaram SesaZloa mainc moaxdinos zegavlena adamianze da Secvalos misi Cveuli cxovrebis ritmi _ aiZulos Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, Seicvalos muSaobis profili, saerTod datovos qveyana da a. S. gavrcelebulia Jurnalistebze muqaris ramdenime tipi: satelefono muqara, muqaris werilebi, internetiT (socialuri qselebi, eleqtronuli fosta da a.S.), muqara piradi Sexvedrisas da a.S. maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia satelefono muqarebi _ rodesac Jurnalistebs telefoniT ukavSirdebian (anonimurad an Riad). zog SemTxvevaSi ki satelefono muqara mxolod dasawyisia, romelsac sxva tipis muqarebis seria moyveba. danaSaulis Semadgenlobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi komponentia kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebis imgvari formiT gamoxatva, roca adresats uCndeba muqaris ganxorcielebis safuZvliani SiSi. kvalifikaciisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom muqara mimarTuli iyos sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis an qonebis ganadgurebisaken. sawyis etapze, konkretuli qmedeba moicavs Tu ara danaSaulis niSnebs unda Seafasos samarTaldamcavma pirma. Tuki Jurnalistis mimarT ganxorcieldeba muqara, es myisierad unda ecnobos samarTaldamcav organoebs (policia, prokuratura) telefoniT, Tu es SemTxveva saswrafo Carevas moiTxovs; aseve werilobiTi gancxadebiT.

muqara dasjadia: saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis 151-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sicocxlis mospobis an janmrTelobis dazianebis anda qonebis ganadgurebis muqara, rodesac imas, visac emuqrebian, gauCnda muqaris ganxorcielebis safuZvliani SiSi,-isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT vadiT as ocidan as oTxmoc saaTamde an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT erT wlamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erT wlamde.

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riskis qveS Tavi 1.2 satelefono muqarebi; muqara el-fostiT, socialuri qselebiT da sms-ebiT

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atelefono muqaris erT-erTi Tavisebureba isaa, rom moZalades saSualeba aqvs uSualod saubarSi gaigos Tavisi msxverplis reaqcia muqaraze da Sesabamisad imoqmedos. swored amitom, fsiqologTa TqmiT, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Jurnalistis pirvel reaqcia muqaris sityvebze. Tvqni mkveTri reaqcia _ dabneuloba da SiSi, an eiforia da aRelveba muqaris avtors afiqrebinebs, rom sawadels miaRwia da ukve Tamamad SeuZlia wagiyenoT moTxovnebi. muqaris miRebisas fsiqologebi pirvel rigSi girCeven SeinarCunoT simSvide, xmaSi ar dagetyoT aRelveba, ar ayveT saubris SesaZlo ucenzuro da provokaciul tons da mSvidad, akademiur stilSi ecadoT viTarebaSi garkvevas. satelefono muqarebis mniSvnelovani nawili rogorc wesi anonimuria _ adamiani, romelic urekavs Jurnalists, ar asaxelebs Tavis vinaobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi metad mniSvnelovania uSualod saubrisas rac SeiZleba meti informaciis miReba Tqvens Tanamosaubreze. fsiqologebi gvirCeven iseT qmedebebs, romelic garkveulwilad daabnevs muqaris avtors. magaliTad: • Tavi ise daiWreT, TiTqos igi sxvagan moxvda da sul sxva, SemTxveviT adamians elaparakeba. imaSi darwmuneba, rom muqara mizans acda Tqvens Tanamosaubres daabnevs da iseTi nabijebis gadadgmas aiZulebs, riTac SesaZloa Tavi gaamJRavnos; • moaxdineT kavSiris gawyvetis imitireba _ Sua saubrisas gaCumdiT da araferi upasuxoT kiTxvebsa Tu replikebze. Tqveni Tanamosaubre ganagrZobs laparaks, magram darwmunebuli ar iqneba, rom misi sityvebi mizans aRwevs.

• dro gaweleT da ecadeT rac SeiZleba meti SeityoT Tqveni Tanamosaubris Sesaxeb: ra informacia aqvs mas Tqvenze da Tqvens saqmianobaze, konkretulad ras iTxovs Tqvengan da a.S. anonimuri muqaris dros gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu SeZlebT Tqveni Tanamosaubris vinaobis dadgenas. ecadeT saubrisas rac SeiZleba meti informacia moipovoT mis Sesaxeb.

Zalian mniSvnelovania icodeT: ra icis Tqvenma Tanamosaubrem Tqvens Sesaxeb; konkretulad ra ar moswons Tqvens saqmianobaSi; konkretulad ras iTxoven Tqvengan.

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze saubrisas ecadeT Tqveni Tanamosaubrisagan Semdegi informaciis miRebas: ra moTxovnebs giyenebT igi? es moTxovna/moTxovnebi piradad misgan modis, Tu igi sxva adamianis/adamianTa jgufis Suamavalia?

SesaZlebelia Tu ara masTan molaparakeba da ase vTqvaT, "vaWroba" misi moTxovnis Sesrulebis detalebze: formebze, vadebze da a. S. rodis da rogor SeiZleba masTan dakavSireba? fsiqologebi muqaris avtoris identificirebisaTvis gvirCeven davakvirdeT Semdeg detalebs: yuradReba miaqcieT Tanamosaubris pirvel sityvebs: man jer daazusta vis esaubreboda, Tu pirdapir muqaraze gadavida? daakvirdiT mis xmas da saubrris maneras: swrafad laparakobda, Tu nela; hqonda Tu ara raime metyvelebis defeqti an aqcenti; xmadabla, CurCuliT saubrobda, Tu xmamaRla da TiTqmis yviriliT. daakvirdiT ra gareSe xmebi ismoda saubrisas telefonSi: sxva adamianis xma (karnaxi), quCis xmauri, transportis xmebi, Tu piriqiT _ absoluturi siCume iyo. yvela es detali aucileblad calke CainiSneT da nu miendobiT mexsierebas, xSirad Ralatobs adamians, gansakuTrebiT krizisul situaciebSi. araanonimuri muqaris SemTxvevaSi, roca muqaris avtori daufaravad asaxelebs sakuTar vinaobas, Tavisi ukmayofilebis mizezsa da moTxovnebs, aseTi detalebis Sekreba SesaZloa aseve mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo iyos. aranakleb mniSvnelovania muqaris audio Canaweris gakeTeba. Tuki telefoniT sistematurad gemuqrebian, SeecadeT CaiweroT saubari diqtofonze, an mobiluriT. saintereso SemTxvevas yveba Tavisi praqtikidan Sida qarTvlis sainformacio centris Jurnalisti saba wiwikaSvili: 2006 wels, didi liaxvis xeobis policiis ufrosis bondo xucinaSvilis Sesaxeb statia davwereT. man zustad im dros damireka, rodesac adgilobrivi policiis pressamsaxuris oTaxSi informaciisTvis viyavi misuli. policiis ufrosi uSveri sityvebiT igineboda da Tan imuqreboda, rom xeobaSi Tu Cavidodi, Tavs momaWrida. Tumca vinaobas ar amxelda. telefoni mivawode policiis 11 11

riskis qveS adgilobrivi ganyofilebis pressamsaxurs da is Tavisi yuriT ismenda yovelives. rodesac pressamsaxurma uTxra: _ bondo ra dReSi xar? policiis ufrosi SokSi Cavarda. romeli xaro? pressamsaxurmac xmaze icno. am faqtze prokuraturaSi gamoZieba daiwyo da im dros policiis ufrosi moxsnes.~ satelefono muqarebTan erTad Jurnalistebze zewolis erTerTi gavrcelebuli formaa muqara eleqtronuli fostiTa da socialuri qselebiT. Jurnalist gela mTivliSvilis TqmiT, 2011 wlis 6 noembers, man pirad eleqtronul fostaze, kaxeTis saolqo prokuraturis yofili prokurorisgan _ levan saCiSvilisgan muqaris werili miiRo. Jurnalisti aRniSnul faqts mis Jurnalistur saqmianobas ukavSirebs. amave wlis 11 noembers gela mTvliSvilma gancxadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturas. Jurnalisti moiTxovda, momxdariyo arsebuli garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-100 muxlis safuZvelze daewyoT gamoZieba, Tumca, mTavar prokuraturas araviTari reagireba ar mouxdenia.

2011 wlis 24 noembers, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli dainteresda aRniSnuli faqtze saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebiT da gamoiTxova detaluri informacia saqmis mimdinareobasTan dakavSirebiT. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli miiCnevs, rom aucilebelia saqarTvelos prokuraturam gaataros swrafi da efeqturi RonisZiebebi aRniSnul faqtze obieqturi gamoZiebis warmarTvis mizniT~, naTqvamia saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mier gavrcelebul gancxadebaSi. samwuxarod, aRniSnul mimarTvasac, araviTari Sedegi ar mohyolia. [1] uSualod muqaris, misi Sinaarsis, formebisa da garemoebebis, aseve misi avtoris/avtorebis Sesaxeb Tqvens mier moZiebuli informacia muqaris Sesaxeb ofocialur gancxadebasTan erTad aucileblad miawodeT samarTaldamcav organoebs: Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelis SeSla da muqara sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT dasjadi qmedebebia da policia valdebulia Tqveni gancxadebis safuZvelze sisixlis samarTlis saqme aRZras. muqarisagan Tavis dasacavad sakmaod efeqturi saSualebaa daxmarebisaTvis sxvadasxva Jurnalisturi organizaciebisadmi (adgilobrivi Tu saerTaSoriso) mimarTva. Tu Tqvens interesebs kolegebis daxmarebiT daicavT, policiaca da muqaris avtori/ avrorebic aRmoCndebian faqtis winaSe, rom saqme aqvT ara

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze martoxela JurnalistTan _ erT adamianTan, aramed JurnalistTa TanamegobrobasTan, romelic saqarTveloSi angariSgasawevi Zalaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier muqaris faqtis gamosaZieblad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisaxvadasxva mizezTa gamo SesaZloa araefeqturi gamodges, Jurnalisturi solidaroba da kolegebis mxardaWera aucileblad moaxdens gavlenas muqaris avtorze/avtorebze da albaToba imisa, rom muqarisas dapirebuli Zaladoba ar ganxorcieldeba, mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba. aseve, daxmarebisaTvis aucileblad unda mimarToT Tqvens damsaqmebels. nebismieri mediasaSualebis mflobelsa da xelmZRvanels kargad unda hqondes gaTvicnobierebuli, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi Jurnalistis marto, mxardaWeris gareSe datoveba ar SeiZleba.

fsiqologis rCeva: swored SeafaseT sakuTari mdgomareoba _ gaxsovdeT, rom bolomde daculi aravinaa da arc Jurnalistis statusi iZleva imis garantias, rom muqaris avtori/avtorebi danapirebs sisruleSi ar moiyvanen. muqarisagan Tavis dasacavad pirveli nabijia imis dadgena, Tu visgan momdinareobs muqara. anonimuri muqaris SemTxvevaSi yuradRebiT SeiswavleT Tqveni bolodroindeli siuJetebi an statiebi da gaaanalizeT vin SeiZleba darCeniliyo ukmayofilo maTSi asaxuli cnobebiT. xSir SemTxvevaSi Jurnalisti arc ki uSvebs imis albaTobas, rom misi namuSebrebi SesaZloa vinmesaTvis miuRebel cnobebs Seicavdes. aseTi pozicia Tavis motyuebaa. meore nabijia muqaris zusti mizezis dadgena _ yuradRebiT mousmineT Tanamosaubres. Zalian mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imis dadgena, Tu konkretretulad ram gaaRiziana igi, aramed imisac, Tu rogor Camoayalibebs winadadebas Tavisi poziciis axsnisas. amis mixedviT SegiZliaT imsjeloT visTan gaqvT saqme _ fsiqologiurad gauwonasworebel adamianTan, Tu adamianTan, romelic kargad acnobierebs Tavis saqcielsa da sityvebis Sinaarss. fsiqikurad gauwoinasworebel adamianebs, rogorc wesi, uWirT damajereblad imis axsna, Tu riT arian ukmayofilo. mesame da yvelaze mniSvnelovani nabiji _ mSvidad auxseniT Tanamosaubres Tqveni pozicia da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar CaebaT masTan agresiul polemikaSi. Tuki Jurnalisti Tanamosaubres agrZnobinebs, rom igi Tavadac ganicdis momxdars, magaliTad, ityvis: "CemTvis piradad Zalian samwuxaroa, rom aseTi mdgomareoba Seiqmna" _ es mniSvnelovnad Seasustebs mis mimarT muqaris avtoris 13 13

muqarebi; sms, satelefono, soc-qselSi agresiis xarisxs. amave dros saurveli isaubroT Tqvens mier masalis momzadebisas miRebul STabeWdilebebze. magaliTad, "me piradad velaparake adamians, romelmac es informacia momawoda da igi sakmaod damajereblad saubrobda." didi mniSneloba aqvs imas, Tu rogor, ra sityvebiT ayalibebs Tqveni Tanamosaubre Tavis muqaras. sityvebi "me Sen mogklav~, imaze metyvelebs, rom igi seriozuladaa ganwyobili. xolo, Tuki Tvqeni Tanamosaubre ambobs "Sen mogklaven~, an "naxe ras gizamen~, es niSnavs, rom muqaris avtori yoymanobs da bolomde ar surs, rom muqaris avtorad da safrTxis wyaros Tavad is iyos miCneuli.

iuristis rCevebi: dasjadi muqara unda iyos gamoxatuli aqtiuri formiT da realurad unda daaSinos, aaforiaqos, simSvide daurRvios imas, visac emuqrebian. anonimuri xasiaTis Setyobinebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios zemoTCamoTvlili movlenebi. Tu Jurnalisti miiRebs muqaras anonimuri formiT, iqneba is satelefono, el. fostiT Tu sxva el.saSualebebiT ganxorcielebuli, aucileblad unda gaasajaroos faqtebi, mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis ganmartebiT, mtkicebuleba aris kanoniT dadgenili wesiT sasamarTloSi wardgenili informacia, am informaciis Semcveli sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba an sxva obieqti, romlis safuZvelzedac mxareebi sasamarTloSi adastureben an uaryofen faqtebs, samarTlebrivad afaseben maT, asruleben movaleobebs, icaven TavianT uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs, xolo sasamarTlo adgens, arsebobs Tu ara faqti an qmedeba, romlis gamoc xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis procesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, damnaSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve garemoebebs, romlebic gavlenas axdens braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis pirovnebas. dokumenti mtkicebulebaa, Tu is Seicavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebebis dasadgenad saWiro cnobas. dokumentad iTvleba nebismieri wyaro, romelSic informacia aRbeWdilia sityvier-niSnobrivi formiT an/da foto, kino, video, bgerisa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT an sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT. mtkicebulebad ar CaiTvleba informacia, romelic ar adasturebs an/da ar uaryofs faqts, ar Seexeba sadao urTierTobas. gaiTvaliswineT sasamarTlo ukanonod mopovebul mtkicebulebebs ar aRiarebs.

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze Tavi 1.3 muqara piradi urTierTobebisas

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atelefono muqarebis Semdeg, Jurnalistebze zewolis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa muqara piradi Sexvedrisas. es muqaris ufro dramatuli SemTxvevaa, radgan sityvebs iqve SesaZloa moqmedebac moyves da sityvieri muqara Jurnalistze TavdasxmaSi gadaizardos. aseTi muqarebi SegviZlia or tipad gavyoT: winaswar dagegmili da kargad gaTvlili muqara, rodesac misi avtori Tavad midis JurnalistTan Sesaxvedrad, an mesame piris saSualebiT "afrTxilebs" mas; da spontanuri, improvizirebuli muqarebi _ rodesac Jurnalists uSualod Tavisi profesiuli saqmianobis Sesrulebis procesSi emuqrebian. orive SemTxvevaSi Sedegebi SesaZlebelia metad mZime iyos da sakuTari, aseve Tavisi axloblebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad Jurnalists damatebiTi zomebis miReba dasWirdes. erT-erTi aseTi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb yveba Jurnalisti saba wiwikaSvili: "2007 wels, rodesac Sida qarTlis gubernatori iyo lado varZelaSvili, man piradad momayena Seuracxyofa karaleTis saguSagoze, xeli mkra. xolo misma moadgilem mavTulxlarTebSi gadamagdo. amis Semdeg moviTxove am faqtze reagireba. ramdenime dRis Semdeg gorSi mcxovrebi erT-erTi maTTan daaxloebuli pirovneba momigzavnes, romelmac miTxra, rom Tu ar gavCerdebodi, Cems axloblebs daakavebdnen: "an Sen iqnebi am regionSi, an lado varZelaSvilio. es iseTive gardauvalia, rogorc exla manqanis karebs rom gaaReb da daxuravo". amaze vupasuxe, rom yvelafrisTvis mzad viyavi. manqanidan rom gadmovedi, karebi Ria davutove. amis Semdeg, adamianis ufleba centris organizaciam 3 TviT regions gamarida, radgan SevecadeT cota xniT Cems axloblebisTvis problemebi amecilebina." improvizirebuli muqarisagan gansxvavebiT, winaswar dagegmili piradi Sexvedris mizani ara mxolod Jurnalistis daSinebaa, aramed misi reaqciis Semowmebac muqaraze. zog SemTxvevaSi muqaris avtors SesaZloa ainteresebdes ras moimoqmedebT Tavis dasacavad _ vis mimarTavT daxmarebisaTvis, SesaZloa Tqven giTvalebdnen da Tqveni telefoni isminebodes.

Tuki muqara winaswaraa dagegmili da amis Sesaxeb piradi Sexvedrisas gatyobineben, es niSnavs, rom muqaris avtors ukve gaTvlili aqvs Tavisi nabijis SesaZlo Sedegebi, Tqveni 15 15

muqarebi; sms, satelefono, soc-qselSi SesaZlo reaqcia da kontrzomebi. garda amisa, muqaris avtori seriozuladaa ganwyobili da arc is aSinebs, rom muqaris faqti gaxmaurdeba. aseT mdgomareobaSi aucilebelia sakuTari usafrTxoebis dasacavad garkveuli prevenciuli zomebis miReba: ecadeT quCaSi marto ar iaroT, gansakuTrebiT Ramis saaTebSi; sasurvelia, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme SeatyobinoT Tqveni zusti adgilmdebareoba da uaxloesi saaTebis gegmebi axloblebsa da kolegebs; samsaxuridan gamosvlis win darekeT saxlSi da SeatyobineT saxlSi misvlis zusti dro; periodulad cvaleT saxlidan samsaxurSi da samsaxuridan saxlSi siarulis marSruti; Tqvenma axloblebma unda icodnen ra gziT dadixarT samsaxuridan saxlSi da saxlidan samsaxurSi.

arasasiamovno saubari uSualod saubrisas maqsimalurad ecadeT SeinarCunoT simSvide.

Tavi ise daiWireT, TiTqos informacia, romelic es-esaa mogawodes, Tqven ar gexebaT da yvelaferi ubralod gaugebrobaa. amave dros ecadeT gaarkvioT misi gaTvicnobierebulobis xarisxi _ ra icis man Tqveni informaciis wyaroebisa da statiaSi/siuJetSi moyvanili faqtebis Sesaxeb. moiTxoveT imis damatebiTi damadasturebeli sabuTebi, rom igi marTlac kavSirSia Tqvens statiaSi/siuJetSi moyvanil cnobebTan. Tuki damuqreba mesame piris _ Suamavlis saSualebiT xdeba, ecadeT saubarSi rac SeiZleba meti informacia miiRoT muqaris uSualo avtoris/avtorebis Sesaxeb da gaarkvioT muqaris detalebi _ rasTan dakavSirebiT gemuqrebian, ra moTxovnebs giyeneben, ra vadebi gaqvT am moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad, riT gemuqrebian maTi Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. seriozulad nu aRiqvamT yvelafers, rasac geubnebian. aman SesaZloa Tqveni demoralizeba gamoiwvios. garda amisa, araviTar SemTxvevaSi brmad ar daemorCiloT Tanamosaubris miTiTebebs. magaliTad, Tu igi "gverdze gasvlas" gTxovT, uari uTxariT. zogjer saubrisas agresiulad ganwyobili Tanamosaubre metismetad axlos modis TqvenTan. amiT igi erTis mxriv moxerxebul pozicias ikavebs moulodneli TavdasxmisaTvis da meores mxriv

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze Tqvenze fsiqologiur zewolas cdilobs. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tqvens qcevas SesaZloa gadamwyveti gavlena hqondes imaze, Tu rogor gagrZeldeba es saubari. Tu adgilze darCebiT, muqaris avtori amas gamowvevad aRiqvams, xolo Tuki ukan gadadgamT nabijs _ Tqvens sisusted. orive SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia, rom misi agresiulobis xarisxi gaizrdeba. fsiqologebi girCeven aseT dros nabiji gverdze gadadgaT _ TiTqos gverdidan gindaT SemouaroT Tanamosaubres. nu ecdebiT Tqveni Tanamosaubris fizikuri monacemebis Sefasebas da saubris tonis amis safuZvelze SerCevas. stresis mdgomareobaSi, fsiqologTa TqmiT, adamians mkveTrad uqveiTdeba adekvaturad Sefasebis unari. mowinaaRmdege SesaZloa Tqvenze sustad mogeCvenoT, uxeSad moeqceT da Sedegad SesaZloa igi Tavs dagesxaT. didi mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, Tu sad mimdinareobs saubari.

Tu damuqreba Tqvens ofisSi xdeba, gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqveni Tanamosaubre "ucxo teritoriaze" grZnobs Tavs, rac garkveulwilad zRudavs mis agresias.

Tu Tanamosaubres pirvelad xedavT, ecadeT daimaxsovroT misi garegnoba da sxva detalebi, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi amocnoba SeZloT. yuradReba miaqcieT mis simaRles, Tmisa da Tvalis fers, Cacmulobas, cxviris, tuCebis, nikapis formebs. rac mTavaria, daakvirdiT aqvs Tu ara mas raime ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi _ sviringi, naiarevi, raime fizikuri defeqti. aseve daakvirdiT mis saubris maneras, xmis tembrsa da leqsikas. es cnobebi SesaZloa sasargeblo aRmoCndes samarTaldamcavebisaTvis, romelTac SemdgomSi mimarTavT.

fsiqologis rCeva: •

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ecadeT bolomde SeinarCunoT simSvide da saubris akademiuri toni. Tanamosaubres TvalebSi uyureT. Tvalis arideba SesaZloa sisusted an upativcemulobad CagiTvaloT, rac muqaris avtoris agresiulobis xarisxs gazrdis.

Tuki gemuqrebian iseT adgilas, sadac saSvelad veravis mouxmobT, agresiulad da uxeSad nu moiqceviT. saubarSi uxeSoba Tqveni mowinaaRmdegis mier ase iqneba gagebuli _ "midi, damartyi, rom mec mqondes SenTvis dartymis sababi~. aseTi qceva imis fonze, rodesac Tqveni Tanamosaubre isedac agresiuladaa ganwyobili, kidev ufro daamZimebs mdgomareobas da TiTqmis gardauvals gaxdis fizikur dapirispirebas. zog SemTxvevaSi muqaris avtori metad axlos midis TanamosaubresTan, saxe saxesTan miaqvs da agresiul tonSi agrZelebs saubars. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tu adgilze darCebiT, 17 17

arasasiamovno saubari

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Tanamosaubris mxridan es ara Tqveni siZlieris, aramed Tqveni Tavxedobisa da zviadobis niSnad aRiqmeba, rac kidev ufro gazrdis misi agresiulobis xarisxs. mitom jobia gverdze gadadgaT nabiji, magram ara ukan _ es ukev aSkarad Tqveni sisustis maCvenebeli iqneba. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni Tanamosaubris mTavari mizani Tqveni SeSinebaa. zog SemTxvevaSi, rodesac muqaris sisruleSi moyvanis safrTxe realuria, saWroa mas daanaxoT, rom geSiniaT, raTa Seqmnili mdgomareobidan mogebuli gamoxvideT. kiTxvaze _ "ar geSinia?~ jobia upasuxoT _ "ra Tqma unda meSinia.~ amis Sedegad moZalade CaTvlis, rom misi misiis pirveli nawili Sesrulebulia _ man Tqven gagrZnobinaT mdgomareobis seriozuloba _ da gadava meore nawilze _ moTxovnebis wamoyenebasa da "vaWrobaze~. arasodes pirdapir ar daTanxmdeT muqaris avtoris/avtorebis mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebis Sesrulebas. ar TqvaT •me Tanaxma var~, radgan es mniSvnelovnad SezRudavs momavalSi Tqveni moqmedebis Tavisuflebas. magram arc uari unda TqvaT am moTxovnebis Sesrulebaze. aseT mdgomareobaSi saukeTeso gamosavalia Tanamosaubres uTxraT fraza, romelic araviTad valdebulebas ar dagakisrebT da muqaris avtorsac daanaxebs, rom misi survilebsa da pretenziebs seriozulad ekidebiT: "me aucileblad gaviTvaliswineb Tqvens poziciasa da mosazrebas am sakiTxze~.

iuristis rCevebi: sasamarTloSi, iseve rogorc saqmis gamoZiebis etapze, mxareebi sadao faqtebs adastureben Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT. Tuki arsebobs mowme, romelic Seeswro muqaris faqts an Jurnalists aqvs kanonierad mopovebuli Canaweri isini unda mieTiTos gamomZiebel organos, aseve wardgenili iqnes sasamarTloSi. Tuki ar arsebobs muqaris damadasturebeli sabuTi, magaliTad, muqara ganxorcielda ori piris kerZo saubris dros, es faqti ar niSnavs imas, rom ar SeiZleba gamoZiebuli iyos kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedeba. kanonmdebeli saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebs met pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs daicvan kanonis savaldebulo moTxovnebi. miuxedavad imisa rom muqaris SemadgenlobaSi (ssssk-is 151-e muxli) calke ar aris miTiTeba sajaro moxelis mier muqaris ganxorcielebaze, msgavsi faqti SesaZloa dakvalificirdes rogorc uflebamosilebis gadameteba.

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze Tavi 1.4 SantaJi

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antaJi muqaris erT-erTi formaa, oRond am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalists ara fizikuri angariSsworebiT, an qonebis ganadgurebiT, aramed iseTi cnobebis gamoqveynebiT emuqrebian, romlebic mas saxels gautexs da reputacias Seulaxavs. amasTan, es cnobebi SesaZloa iyos realuri, an falsificirebuli. praqtika aCvenebs, rom Jurnalistis daSantaJebas umetes SemTxvevaSi specsamsaxurebi da saxelmwifo Cinovnikebi mimarTaven, romlebic am gziT cdiloben Jurnalistis sakuTari kontrolis qveS moqcevas. gazeT "baTumelebis~ cnobiT, 2009 wels Jurnalist Tedo jorbenaZes Sss-s specialuri operatiuli departamentis (sod) warmomadgenlebi aSantaJebdnen maT Soris "seqsualur orientaciasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli stigmis gamoyenebiT.~ gazeTis mtkicebiT, jorbenaZe sod-is aWaris ganyofilebaSi daibares da uTxres rom masTan kiTxvebi hqondaT "pirad sakiTxebze~ da "mis seqsualur partniorze~. gazeTis informaciiT, Sexvedris dros Tedo jorbenaZes aCvenes amobeWdili, Sav-TeTri fotoebi, romelzec gamosaxuli iyvnen mamakacebi sacvlebis amara da uTxres, rom am kadrebze TviTonac aris gamosaxuli. "specsamsaxuris TanamSromelma auxsna Tedo jorbenaZes, rom... gazeT "baTumelebiT~ dainteresebuli arian ucxo qveynebis, konkretulad ki ruseTis da TurqeTis specsamsaxurebi, misi daxmareba, TanamSromloba sWirdebaT,~ _ acxadebs gazeTi. "uaris miRebis Semdeg Tedo jorbenaZe gaafrTxiles, rom am kadrebs gaugzavnian mis avadmyof mamas, TanamSromlebs, atvirTaven internetSi. jorbenaZem ganucxada, rom mas ver SeaSinebdnen damontaJebuli kadrebis gavrcelebiT, ris Semdegac datova aRniSnuli Senoba~. am saqmis gasajaroebidan, daaxloebiT, erT kviraSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ganacxada, rom saqme SantaJis aSkara niSnebs Seicavda da rom man gamoZieba daiwyo. Tumca, mas Semdeg gamoZiebis Sesaxeb raime axali informacia ar gavrcelebula, xolo samarTaldamcavebi acxadebdnen, rom SeuZlebeli iyo SesaZlo SantaJistis dadgena. "baTumelebma~ damoukidebeli gamoZieba Caatara da 2 wlis Semde, 2011 wels oficialurad gamoacxada, rom daadgines SantaJistis vinaoba. igi aRmoCnda sod-is TanamSromeli, romelic imJamad TbilisSi cxovrobda. "baTumelebis~ warmomadgenlebma mas saxlSi 19 19

muqara piradi urTierTobisas miakiTxes da patruli gamoiZaxes. Tumca, daaxloebiT, erT saaTSi, ra drosac, "baTumelebis~ cnobiT, policia satelefono konsultaciebs awarmoebda, patrulma saTanado aqtis Sedgenis gareSe datova adgili. maT mxolod is uTxres Jurnalistebs, rom saqmis gamoZieba da SantaJSi eWvmitanilis binaze TvalTvali mimdinareobda. aRniSnul saqmes aranairi gagrZeleba aRar mohyolia. gazeT "rezonansis~ Jurnalist mari oTaraSvils, romelic ZiriTadad cxinvalis regionis problemebze muSaobs, axalgoris raionis legitimuri gamgebeli zurab ficxelauri saokupacio reJimTan TanamSromlobaSi adanaSaulebda da amis damamtkicebeli sabuTebis gamoqveynebiT emuqreboda. msgavsi braldebebi da SantaJi, rogorc oTaraSvili ixsenebs, 2009 wlidan daiwyo da 2011 wlamde grZeldeboda. ficxelauri xSirad gamoTqvamda ukmayofilebas Jurnalistis mier dawerili statiebis gamo, urekavda, Seuracxyofas ayenebda, aZlevda "rCevebs~, Tu rogor unda gaeSuqebina mas esa Tu is sakiTxi da am rCevebis gauTvaliswineblobis SemTxvevaSi oTaraSvilis mamxilebeli masalebis gamoqveynebiT imuqreboda.

2011 22 ivniss, telekompania "maestros~ gadacemaSi "akreditaciis gareSe~ gadacemis wamyvan Salva ramiSvilTan interviuSi ficxelaurma ukve sajarod daadanaSaula Jurnalisti oTaraSvili samSoblos Ralatsa da cxinvalis regionis saokupacio reJimTan TanamSrolobaSi. imave gadacemis Cawerisas, ramiSvili kidev erTxel ewvia ficxelaurs mis samuSao adgilze, amjerad ukve Tavad mari oTaraSvilTan erTad. kamerebis TandaswrebiT gamarTul saubarSi ficxelaurma sabolood uaryo Tavisi braldebebi da ganacxada, rom oTaraSvilze kompromatebs ar flobda. moyvanili magaliTebi aCvenebs, rom, rogorc sxva tipis muqaris dros, Jurnalistis daSantaJebis mcdelobis SemTxvevaSic Tavad SantaJis faqtis gansajaroeba, efeqturi nabijia sakuTari interesebis dasacavad. gaxovdeT, miuxedavad imis, Tu ra xasiaTisaa cnobebi, romelTa gamJRavnebiTac gemuqrebian _ namdvili, Tu gamogonili, SantaJi danaSaulia da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT isjeba.

iuristis rCevebi: SantaJi es aris saxelis gamtexi faqtebis (namdvilisa Tu mogonilis) gamomJRavnebis muqara da am gziT gamoZalva (fulisa,

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fsiqologiuri zewola Jurnalistze qonebisa da sxv.). SantaJi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens damamZimebel garemoebas ramodenime danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi (trefikingi, prostituciaSi Cabma, ganmartebis, Cvenebis an daskvnis micemis iZuleba). danaSaulis niSnebis gamovlenisas Jurnalistma unda mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs.

moqmedebis gegma muqaris SemTxvevaSi 1 ar damaloT muqaris faqti. mimarTeT ara mxolod samarTaldamcavebs, aramed Tqveni mediasaSualebis xelmZRvanelobas, Tqvens kolegebsa da axloblebsac mouyeviT muqaris Sesaxeb. mimarTeT Jurnalistur da uflebadamcvel organizaciebs da gaakeTeT sajaro gamcxadeba muqaris Sesaxeb. yovelive es minimumamde Seamcirebs imis albaTobas, rom muqaris avtorebi danapirebis Serulebas gabedaven.

2 maqsimalurad moiZieT informacia muqaris xasiaTze, muqaris avtorebze, maT miznebsa da muqaris mizezebze. gaarkvieT: _ vin gemuqrebaT _ erTi adamiani, Tu adamianTa jgufi. _ konkretulad ras iTxoven Tqvengan da ratom. _ ra vadas gaZleven moTxovnis Sesasruleblad da ras gpirdebian Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. _ rodis da rogor SegiZliaT muqaris avtorTan/avtorebTan dakavSreba.

3 Tqvens mier moZiebuli informacia da muqaris faqtTan dakavSirebuli yvela detali dokumentalurad daafiqsireT _ nu iqnebiT mxolod mexsierebis imedze.

4 aucileblad mimarTeT samarTaldamcav organoebs, romelTac warudgenT Tqvens mier Sekrebil yvela informacias.

5 izruneT sakuTar usafrTxoebaze. ecadeT quCaSi marto ar iaroT. periodulad cvaleT gadaadgilebis Tqveni Cveuli marSruti. dReSi ramdenjerme SeatyobineT Tqvens axloblebsa da kolegebs, Tu sad imyofebiT da ra gegmebi gaqvs.

6 SeinarCuneT simSvide da muqaris ganxorcielebis safrTxis gaqrobamde zustad SeasruleT samarTaldamcvelTa rekomendaciebi.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba nawili 2.

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Tavi 2.1 Jurnalisti movlenebis epicentrSi _ saprotesto aqciebi da Setakeba policiasTan avtori: geno joxiZe

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asuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolodan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi xSiria saprotesto gamosvlebi xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg. am xnis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod bevri iyo mitingebis darbevis SemTxvevebi, romelSic, aqciis monawileebTan erTad, masmediis warmomadgenlebic Savdebodnen. bolodroindeli yvelaze gaxmaurebuli SemTxvevebia: 2007 wlis 7 noemberi _ TbilisSi, rusTavelis gamzirze xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg aTsobiT moqalaqe gamovida. mitingi wylis WavliT, rezinis tyviebiTa da xelketebiT daSales. gamoyenebuli iyo aseve maralsixSiriani xmovani mowyobilobebi. specrazmelebma TbilisSi jer manifestantebi, Semdeg ki _ telekompania "imedi" daarbies. policiis specrazmi telekompaniaSi SeiWra. televiziis samuSao procesi Sewyda. prezidentma sagangebo situacia gamoacxada.

2009 wlis 6 maisi _ saprotesto aqcia TbilisSi policiis mTavari sammarTvelos win. aqciis daSlis Sedegad seriozulad dazaraldnen Jurnalistebi. JurnalistTa gadmocemiT, Zalovnebi mizanmimarTulad sdevnidnen mediis warmomadgenlebs, dazaralebul JurnalistTa gancxadebiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier mogvianebiT JurnalistebisaTvis dabrunebuli foto da video kamerebidan darbevis amsaxveli kadrebi waSlili iyo, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris miadgile eka zRulaZem sinanuli gamoTqva imis gamo, rom Jurnalistebs xeli SeeSalaT profesiuli movaleobis SesrulebaSi, protestis niSnad, mauwyebloba Sewyvites telekompaniebma "maestrom" da "kavkasiam" da kolegebs mouwodes SeerTebodnen gaficvas. maT mxardaWera gamoucxades beWdviTi mediis warmomadgenlebma da gaavrceles erToblivi gancxadeba dazaralebuli kolegebis mxardasaWerad.

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aqciebi da Setakeba policiasTan

policiis mTavari sammarTvelos SenobasTan nacemi da dazaralebuli Jurnalistebis sia: 1 giorgi oZelaSvili _ internet televizia Gevision TV-is operatori (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa da daakaves, waarTves video-kamera) 2 zurab qurcikiZe _ evropis pressaagentos fotokorespondenti (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa da daakaves, waarTves foto- kamera) 3 Tornike ziziaSvili _ saagento "interpresniusis" fotokorespondenti (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa); 4 Temur qandaSvili _ telekompania "kavkasiis" operatori (waarTves da daumtvries video-kamera); 5 Teona laliaSvili _ telekompania "maestros" Jurnalisti (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa); 6 ana brolaZe _ telekompania "maestros" Jurnalisti (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa, waarTves kaseta, romelzec darbevis kadrebs Seicavda); 7 sergi baramiZe _ telekompania "maestros" operatori (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa, waarTves da daumtvries video-kamera) 8 SoTa kapanaZe _ telekompania "maestros" operatori (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa, waarTves da daumtvries video-kamera); 9 ivane Slamovi _ "frans presis" fotokorespondenti (waarTves foto-kamera); 10 daTo mZinariSvili _ saagento "roiteris" fotokorespondenti (waarTves foto- kamera); 11 irma inaSvili _ JurnalistTa kavSiri "obieqtivis" xelmZRvaneli (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa, waarTves da daumtvries videokamera); 12 malxaz varSaniZe _ JurnalistTa kavSiri `obieqtivis~ operatori (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa, waarTves da daumtvries videokamera); 13 irakli korZaia _ Tavisufali Jurnalisti (miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa).

2011 wlis 26 maisi _ saprotesto aqcia saqarTvelos parlamentis Senobis win. darbevis Sedegad, profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas dazaraldnen Jurnalistebi. mogvianebiT, 26 maisis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi Catarebuli Sida mokvlevis Sedegad, daisajnen is samarTaldamcavebi, romlebmac Jurnalistebs profesiuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebaSi xeli SeuSales _ amis 23 23

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Sesaxeb Sss-s analitikuri samsaxuris ufrosma SoTa utiaSvilma gaakeTa oficialuri gancxadeba, konkretulad ramdeni adamiani da vin daisaja JurnalistebisTvis xelis SeSlis gamo, utiaSvilma ar daakonkreta. aqciis daSlis dros, sxvadasxva mediasaSualebebis Jurnalistebi daSavdnen - maT nawils samarTaldamcavebma waarTves profesiuli aparatura. zogierTma Jurnalistma rezinis tyviebiT sxeulis mravlobiTi dazianeba miiRo. ramdenime Jurnalisti daakaves. sainformacio saagento "interpresniusis" korespondentis darejan paataSvilis TqmiT, specrazmis wevrebma mas fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes. Jurnalistis TqmiT, man specrazmelebs presis warmomadgenlis damadasturebeli mowmoba aCvena, ris Semdegac erT-erTma specrazmelma mas mowmoba yelidan Camoglija, meorem ki yelSi xeli wauWira. videokamera daumtvries "palitra tivi"-is operators avTandil surmavas. aqciis gaSuqebisas saagento "interpresniusis" kidev erTi korespondenti malxaz Wkadua scemes, mas sabuTebi waarTves, ris Semdegac daakaves da policiis ganyofilebaSi gadaiyvanes.

Jurnalistis TqmiT, is saaTnaxevris ganmavlobaSi dakavebuli iyo, sadac sityvier Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen. daakaves sainformacio saagento "eqspresniusis" ori korespondenti _ ana gabunia da Tengo okujava. okujava maleve, ana gabunia ki mxolod diliT gaaTavisufles. sainformacio saagento "pirvelis" Jurnalistebis Telara gelantia da xaTuna gagniZes TqmiT specrazmelebma isini scemes. igive ganacxada gazeT "rezonansis"Jurnalistma zaira miqataZem. aqciis daSlis Sedegad daSavdnen gazeT "asavaldasavalis"Jurnalistebi beqa sivsivaZe da giorgi mamacaSvili. sivsivaZem rezinis tyviebiT sxeulis mravlobiTi dazianebebi miiRo. "netgazeTis"Jurnalistis Tamaz kupreiSvilis TqmiT, mas aqciis gaSuqebisas specrazmelebma videokamera waarTves da cems. cremlsadeni gaziT moiwamla "netgazeTis" Jurnalisti nino kaxiSvili, romelsac samedicino daxmareba saswrafo daxmarebis manqanaSi gauwies, ris Semdegac policiaSi gadaiyvanes, sadac daaxloebiT erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi amyofes. "netgazeTis" kidev erT Jurnalists nestan cecxlaZes videokamera waarTves, Jurnalistma kote stalinskim ki aqciis daSlisas sxeulis dazianebebi miiRo. specrazmelebma cemes da fotokamera waarTves gazeT 'guria

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aqciebi da Setakeba policiasTan niusis~ Jurnalists nato gogelias. specrazmelebma fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes media kavSir "obieqtivis" Jurnalists diana xoferias, romelsac Tavze ramdenime nakeris dadeba dasWirda. profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebis saSualeba ar misces media. ji-s redaqtors daviT mWedliZes. [2] aqciis darbevaSi moyolili Jurnalistebi yvebian, rom specrazmelebze arc Jurnalistis mowmobebi Wrida da arc specialuri Jiletebi, romlebic Sss-m wina dReebSi dauriga Jurnalistebs. Sss-s warmomadgenelTa gancxadebiT, areulobis SemTxvevaSi specrazmelebs swored am JiletebiT unda amoecnoT Jurnlistebi da Semdeg maT usafrTxoebazec ezrunaT. darejan paataSvili, sainformacio saagento "interpresniusis~ korespondenti): ~miuxedavad imisa, rom mecva specialuri Jileti da mqonda e. w. beji, romlebic adasturebdnen, rom mediis wardmomadgeneli viyavi, samarTaldamcvelebma uxeSi formebiT mainc momTxoves gadaReba Semewyvita, Semdeg ki Zalis gamoyenebiT wamarTves kamera. manamde movxvdi im adamianebis jgufSi, romlebic miwaze daawvines. miuxedavad imisa, rom vcdilobdi amexsna maTTvis, rom Jurnalisti viyavi da vaCvenebdi samarTaldamcvelebs amis damadasturebel dokuments, garkveuli periodis manZilze mainc ar momces fexze adgomis saSualeba.~ giorgi mamacaSvili (gazeT "asaval-dasavalis~ Jurnalisti) ~vcdilobdi kameriT gadameRo mimdinare movlenebi. mivyvebodi xalxis talRas, roca vigrZeni Zlieri tkivili orive muxlis areSi, veRar SevZeli gadaadgileba da Cavimuxle. gadamefara Cemi megobari da kolega beqa sivsivaZe, romelsac Cems msgavsad, damiznebiT axlo manZilidan zurgSi esrodnen tyviebs. orive vyvirodiT, rom Jurnalistebi viyaviT, magram amaod... "gamogvarTves mowmobebi, waikiTxes ra, rom gazeT "asaval-dasavalis~ (opoziciurad ganwyobili gamocema, red.) warmomadgenlebi viyaviT, ukan aRarc daubrunebiaT. niRbianma specrazmelma es piradobebi gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT waiRo. "xelketebs gvirtyamdnen TavSi, kiserSi, zurgze. vcdilobdi xelebiT damefara Tavis are, amitom xelketebi gansakuTrebiT 25 25

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba xvdeboda xelis mtevnebze. aqve damades xelborkilebi da cemiT wamiyvanes metros sadgur "Tavisuflebis moednis~ mimarTulebiT. "Semdegi movlenebi cudad maxsovs, SemorCenili maqvs fragmentulad. maxsovs metrosTan Zirs dayrili uamravi xel-fexSekruli adamiani, romelTac gametebiT urtyamdnen formiani pirebi. mec damagdes Zirs, Cems xelebze dadebuli xelborkili romeliRac specrazmels ar moewona da ise momiWira, misi kvali SemdgomSic didxans memCneoda. "maxsovs, rom mivyavdaT avtobusebisken, romelTa saSualebiTac nacemi xalxi gadahyavdaT policiis sammarTveloSi. Tan Cemi da Cemi kolegis cemas agrZelebdnen. avtobusTan SemTxveviT Semxvda nacnobi specrazmeli, romelmac specrazmelebs sTxova, aRar daertyaT CvenTvis. "iqve, ramdenime wuTSi Semxvda cnobili fotoreportiori irakli gedeniZe, romelTanac vmegobrobdi wlebis manZilze da misi uSualo CareviT specrazmelebma gadaifiqres avtobusisken Cveni wayvana da dapatimreba.

"Tavsxma wvima iyo, viyaviT svelebi. mivakiTxeT Cems megobars ojaxSi, sadac aRmogviCines pirveladi samedicino daxmareba (mogvxsnes xelborkilebi, gagvisufTaves da gadagvixvies Wrilobebi).

Rame maTTan gavaTeneT. meore dRes megobrebis daxmarebiT wavediT saavadmyofoSi samedicino daxmarebisTvis. iq aRmogviCines Sesabamisi daxmareba. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam 2011 wlis 23 dekembers 130"gverdiani angariSi gamoaqveyna, romelSic 26 maisis aqciis darbevis dros adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebia gaanalizebuli. angariSi aseve Seicavs Jurnalistebze Tavdasxmebis da maTTvis video kamerebis da Cawerili videomasalis warTmevis Sesaxeb monacemebs. angariSSi 29 JurnalistTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva incidentebi Sevida, maT Soris fizikuri Seuracxyofis da aparaturis warTmevis faqtebi. rogor unda imoqmedos Jurnalistma msgavs situaciebSi? ra unda icodes (kanoni, wesebi) da ra unda hqondes Tan (saTanado aRWurviloba) demonstraciebze wasvlisas? policiis mxridan Zalis gamoyenebisa da misi uflebebis Selaxvis SemTxvevaSi ra samarTlebrivi qmedebebis ganxorcielebis ufleba aqvs? daviT mjedliZe, media.ge-s redaqtori, romelic Tavad daSavda 26 maisis saprotesto aqciebis gaSuqebisas: •

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Jurnalists aqciaze wasvlisas, aucileblad unda hqondes

aqciebi da Setakeba policiasTan

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presis ganmasxvavebeli niSani: mowmoba, Jileti. man an redaqtorma, an prodiuserma, winaswar unda daurekos Sss-s pressasaxurs da Seatyobinos, rom is an misi Jurnalisti apirebs aqciis da sxva movlenebis gaSuqebas. amis gakeTeba SeiZleba uSualod aqciis darbevis drosac Jurnalisti winaswar unda gaerkves samarTaldamcvelTa moqmedebis savaraudo scenarSi. Jurnalistma unda daaTvalieros mitingis adgili da misi mimdebare teritoria _ sad dganan samarTaldamcvelebi, romeli quCebia gadaketili, gansazRvros saidan aris SesaZlebeli Setevis dawyeba. amis mixedviT unda SearCios yvelaze usafrTxo adgili.

Jurnalisti ar unda moxvdes movlenaTa SuagulSi, Tu xedavs samarTaldamcvelTa gadametebul agresias. ar unda gaiqces momitingeebTan erTad. ar unda idges im momitingeTa Soris, vinc avlens agresias, magaliTad, isvris qvas. ar unda idges opoziciis liderebTan erTad. aseve ar unda idges samarTaldamcvelTa mxares, radgan SeiZleba dazaraldes momitinges mxridan nasroli nivTiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is SeaCera policiam, man unda uCvenos pres-baraTi da auxsnas, rom is Jurnalistia. man unda Seatyobinos redaqciis, an prodiuseris, an redaqtoris telefonis nomeri. Tu samarTaldamcveli Seuracxyofs sityvierad da raRacas ubrZanebs, ar unda Seepasuxos da unda Seecados garidebas, ubralod uTxras: "kargi, mivdivar", an "vTiSav fotoaparats" an "diqtofons" da datovos teritoria.

Tu is moxvda momitingeTa Soris da masac arbeven, is ar unda SeewinaaRmdegos da daJinebiT ecados gaagebinos, rom Jurnalistia da moZaladeebi arRveven kanons. magram unda Seecados, rom es gaakeTos agresiis gareSe (Tumca, yvela Jurnalists erTnairi nervebi ara aqvs). paralelurad unda Seecados redaqciasTan an Sss-s pressamsaxurTan dakavSirebas.

Tu cdiloben misTvis aparaturis warTmevas, am SemTxvevaSic unda Seecados redaqciasTan dakavSirebas. damatebiT kargi iqneba, Tu moaxerxebs Sss-s pressamsaxurTn dakavSirebas, raTa Seatyobinos, rom is aris is Jurnalisti, romlis Sesaxebac maT winaswar Seatyobines.

Tu amanac ar gaWra da Jurnalists waarTves aparati, 27 27

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba

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unda Seecados faqtis Sesaxeb dauyovnmebliv acnobos redaqcias, Sss-s pressamsaxurs, an iqve romelime oficers. da kidev, roca Ramis saaTebia da sibnelea, Jurnalisti an fotoreportiori aramc da aramc ar unda gavides sanaTiani fotoaparatiT. es samarTaldamvelebis yuradRebas ipyrobs da agresias iwvevs. me swored, amis gamo davisaje 26 maisis Rames, roca xeljoxi momxvda. Cemma sanaTianma fotoaparatma samarTaldamcvelTa yuradReba miipyro.

Jurnalistma eqstremaluri situaciebis gaSuqebis dros aucileblad iqonios mcire afTiaqi."

darejan paataSvili, (sainformacio saagento "interpresniusis' korespondenti): •

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demonstraciaze wasvlisas Jurnalists aucileblad unda hqondes airwinaRi da Sesabamisi saTvale, rac mas mxuTavi gazisgan daicavs. aseve, aucilebelia Jurnalisti Sesabamisad iyos Cacmuli, rac mis Jurnalistobas daadasturebs. es SeiZleba rig SemTxveveSi prevencia iyos.

Tumca, calkeul SemTxvevebSi, es sakmarisi ar aris. aseve, unda hqondes aRniSnuli saSualebebis detalurad garCevis unari. policiis mxridan winaaRmdegobis SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalistma pirvel rigSi unda scados samarTaldamrRvevi samarTaldamcvelis identificirebisTvis aucilebeli niSnebis damaxsovreba, radgan uSualod incidentis dros Jurnalistis mier "kanonis codna" zemoqmedebas ver axdens. reagireba SeiZleba moxdes mogvianebiT.

irakli gedeniZe, (fotoreportiori. muSaobda prezidentis pres-samsaxurSi): • •

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Jurnalistma muSaobis dros ar unda gamoxatos piradi grZnobebi, emociebi, sakuTari ganwyoba moqmedi pirebis mimarT da Seasrulos pirvel rigSi Tavisi movaleobebi.

TvalnaTliv unda Candes, rom is aris presis warmomadgeleli. pres-baraTis garda, romelic gamosaCen adgilze unda

aqciebi da Setakeba policiasTan ekeTos (mkerdze, zurgze), tansacmelze didi asoebiT unda eweros PRESS. • unda hqondes ori telefoni, aqedan erTi sauldagulod Senaxuli, raTa muSa telefonis dakargvis warTmevis SemTxvevaSi ganaxorcielos zari.

• sasurvelia ecvas damcavi Jileti, exuros msubuqi Cafxuti da gamWvirvale aramsxvrevadi 2011 wlis 26 maisi. rezinis tyviebis kvali saTvale, fexze ki _ erT-erTi dazaralebuli Jurnalisti mosaxerxebeli sportuli fexsacmeli. Tan ar unda iqonios aranairi basri nivTi, raTa Tavidan aicilos momitingeTa mxridan provokatoris, xolo samarTaldamcavTa mxridan wesrigis damrRvevis statusis mikereba.

• areulobis SemTxvevaSi iyos yuradgebiT, ar Cadges movlenaTa epicentrSi, ar miiRos monawileoba masSi da daafiqsiros yvelaferi ramdenadac SesaZlebelia moSorebiT mdgarma.

• aucilebelia pirbade, sodiani xsnari da minimaluri samedicino paketi.

• aparaturas unda hqondes informaciis dublirebuli Caweris reJimi. Rirebuli kadris gadaRebis SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia Cipi saguldagulod gadamalos. es yvelaferi mas daexmareba da erTiorad gauzrdis Sanss uvnebleli darCes da redaqcias miawodos masala.

• policielTan polemikaSi Sesvlas da kanonis citirebas azri ar aqvs, radgan SesaZloa sapirispirod, ukve Zalismieri pasuxi miiRos. dakavebis SemTxvevaSi morCilad dahyeviT. danarCens, ukve sabolood, gacilebiT ukeT Tqveni advokatebi da redaqciis xelmZRvaneloba gaarkvevs."

iuristis rCevebi: Jurnalistis upirveles movaleobas warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me 10 muxliT 29 29

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) ganmtkicebuli uflebis relizacia sazogadoebaSi. miTiTebuli fundamenturi uflebis arsi _ yoveli adamianis SesaZlebloba miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, kidev ufro farTovdeba Jurnalisturi saqmianobis konteqstSi. evrosasamarTlos mier dadgenili standartis Tanaxmad, medias miniWebuli aqvs saxelmwifos makontroleblis funqcia, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian uzrunvelyon Jurnalistebi maTi funqciis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobiT nebismier viTarebaSi, maT Soris daZabul situaciaSi. "konfliqtur da daZabul situaciebSi Jurnalistebis dacvis Sesaxeb" evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis r(96)4 rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, `wevrma saxelmwifoebma miTiTeba unda miscen TavianT samxedro da policiur Zalebs, raTa aRmoCinon Jurnalistebs aucilebeli da gonivruli daxmareba, rodesac isini amas moiTxoven...~ (principi 8) amdenad, konfliqtur da daZabul situaciebSi Jurnalistma unda SeZlos aqciis gadaReba, respodentebTan urTierToba.

• • •

aqciis gaSuqebisas aucilebelia Jurnalisti ganmasxvavebel niSans, tansacmels, aseve e.w. "preskbaraTs~ atarebdes. im SemTxvevaSi Tu aqciis gadaRebisas Jurnalisti Zaladobis safrTxis winaSea unda acnobos saxelmwifos warmomadgenels.

Zaladobis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi unda mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs, aiRos janmrTelobis cnoba samedicino dawesebulebaSi, moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba sasamarTlo wesiT.

Tavi 2.2 Tavdasxma Jurnalistebze sociologiuri kvlevebis Tanaxmad, sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis saSiS profesiaTa siaSi Jurnalits mesame adgili uWiravs. amis mTavari mizezi isaa, rom, rogorc wesi, Jurnalists metad agresiul garemoSi uwevs muSaoba. amasTan, statistikuri monacemebi aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi Jurnalistebze Tavdasxmebi ufro regionebSi xdeba, vidre dedaqalaqSi. Jurnalistze fizikuri Tavdasxmis mizezi SesaZlos sxvadasxva iyos: moZiebuli dokumenturi masalis (video, audio, foto masala, an sabuTi) warTmeva/ganadgureba, daSineba, "SurisZieba~ mis mier gavrcelebuli, viRacisTvis miuRebeli informaciis gamo da a.S.

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Tavdasxma Jurnalistebze statistika aCvenebs, rom Jurnalistebze Tavdasxma SemTxvevaTa umravlesobaSi maT mier uSualod profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebis procesSi xdeba _ rodesac Jurnalisti afiqsirebs ama Tu im kanondarRvevas, es Tavad kanonis damrRvevis ukmayofilebas iwvevs. igi yvelanairi xerxiT cdilobs mospos mis mier kanonis darRvevis damamtkicebeli masalebi _ waarTvas Jurnalists esa Tu is dokumenti, kamera, sadac kanondarRvevaa aRbeWdili, fizikurad gauswordes Tavad Jurnalists da uaresis muqariT aiZulos ar gaavrcelos informacia. am tipis Tavdasxmebi ZiriTadad saprotesto aqciebis, saxalxo mRelverebebisa da arCevnebis periodSi xdeba.

2008 wlis saparlamenti arCevnebisas mravali aseTi faqti dafiqsirda, rodesac arCevnebze oficialuri akreditaciis mqone Jurnalistebs Tavad saarCevno komisiis wevrebic ki uswordebodnen fizikurad. gazeT "rezonansis~ yofil morige redaqtors eliso CafiZes, #13 siRnaRis saarCevno olqis #26 qvemo maRaros saarCevno ubanze Tavs daesxnen kenWisyris SenobaSi yofnis uflebis ar mqone pirebi.

Tavdamsxmelebma Jurnalists xelebi gadaugrixes, videokamera waarTves da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes. sagarejos saarCevno olqis iormuRanlos saarCevno ubnebze scemes veb portal "presa.ge~-s korespondenti konstantine stalinski, aseve operatorebi malxaz varSaniZe da irakli goguaZe. lagodexSi fizikurad gauswordnen "adamianis uflebaTa centris~ Jurnalists. mas jer skami Caartyes, ris Semdegac muqaris qveS ubnidan gaaZeves. konstantine stalinski: "gaurkveveli iyo, saidan Cndeboda amomrCevelTa xelSi ramdenime biuleteni. rodesac iqve myofi damkvirveblebi eubnebodnen, rom ramdenime biuletenis erTad Cayra ar SeiZleboda, pasuxad mxolod agresias iRebdnen. am yvelafers viRebdi, ris gamoc agresiiis msxverpli gavxdi. "euTos damkvirvebelma inge-mai longvistma, mirCia araferi ar gadaviRo, vinaidan Tqveni kamera adgilobriv mosaxleobas aRizianebso~. "maleve Cemma Tanmxlebma gamafrTxila, rom iormuRanlo saswrafod unda dametovevina, radgan sxva ubnebze myof operatorebze Tavdasxmebi ganxorcielda. imave dros baqoelma Jurnalistma roman temnikovma damireka. miTxra, rom Cemi vinaoba da moZraobis marSruti adgilobrivma kriminalebma icodnen da safrTxeSi viyavi~. "igive informacia sxvadasxva wyarodan gavige: azerbaijanul 31 31

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba mosaxleobas Rvino dauriges. saRamosTvis isini saarCevno ubnebze Sturms gegmaven. saRamos SeiZleba sisxli daiRvaros. msxverpli nebismieri SeiZleba aRmoCndes, maT Soris vinc darRvevas daafiqsirebs an gadaiRebs~. "albaT, es sofeli imiT damamaxsovrdeba, rom aq erTi saaTis intervaliT ori operatori scemes da orives kamerebi waarTves. erTi maTgani, reJisori malxaz varSaniZe kameris garda kasetebis, mobiluri telefonis da piradi nivTebis, maT Soris _ tansacmlis gareSec ki darCa. miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT moyvanili faqtebidan zogierTze sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRiZra, gamoZiebas araviTari Sedegi ar mohyolia _ damnaSaveTa vinaoba oficialurad ver dadginda da aravin dasjila. [3] ama Tu im faqtis _ kanondarRvevis argavrcelebis garda, Jurnalisti SesaZloa mis mier ukve gamoqveynebuli cnobebis gamo gaxdes Tavdasxmis obieqti. aseT SemTxvevaSi TvdamsxmelTa mizani ara mxolod Jurnalistis daSineba, aramed SurisZiebacaa.

2005 wlis 15 ivniss daudgenelma pirebma kaxeTis regionuli gazeT "imedis~ Jurnalistis, gela mTivliSvilis sacxovrebel saxlSi xelyumbara aafeTqes. faqtze gamoZieba ganzrax mkvlelobis mcdelobiT daiwyo.

2005 wlis 22 ivniss redaqciidan saxlSi mimaval Jurnalist gela mTivliSvils Tavs ucnobi piri daesxa da cecxlsasroli iaraRiT sxeulis dazianebebi miayena. momxdarTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba daiwyo.

2005 wlis 22 noembers, 22:35 saaTze, Jurnalist gela mTivliSvilis sacxovrebel saxlSi daudgenelma pirebma xelyumbara meored aafeTqes. sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRniSnul faqtzec aRiZra. Tavad dazaralebuli Jurnalistis cnobiT, Ss kaxeTis samxareo sammarTvelos ufrosis moadgilem sagamoZiebo dargSi goCa TediaSvilma mas urCia Jurnalisturi saqmianobisTvis Tavi daenebebina, raTa mis sicocxles kvlav safrTxe ar damuqreboda. samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan am faqtebis gamoZieba araefeqturi aRmoCnda _ damnaSaveTa gamovlena da sasamarTlos winaSe maTi wardgena ver moxerxda. amgvar Tavdasxmebs rogorc wesi win uZRvis sxvadasxva saxis muqarebi. Sesabamisad, Jurnalistma sasurvelia winaswar miiRos garkveuli prevenciuli zomebi, romelic ukve aRvwereT Jurnalistze fsiqologiur zewolasTan dakavSrebul TavebSi.

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Tavdasxma Jurnalistebze Tumca, es RonisZiebebi ver iZleva imis absolutur garantias, rom Jurnalists Tavs ar daesxmian.

rCevebi Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebisTvis Tuki Tavdasxmis arideba ver xerxdeba, Jurnalistma unda mimarTos Tavis dacvis sxvadasxva meTodebs. maT Soris iseTs, romelic Tavdamsxmelebs daabnevs, mas ki Tavis daRwevis saSualebas miscems. droulad SeafaseT viTareba. nu moaxdenT sagangaSo niSnebis ignorirebas. Tu fiqrobT, rom Tqvenze Tavdasxma mzaddeba, droulad gaecaleT iqaurobas. daxmarebisTvis mimarTeT kolegebs, samarTaldamcvelebs. nu ecdebiT fizikur winaaRmdegobaSi SexvideT TavdamsxmelebTan. gaecaleT iqaurobas Tu xedavT, rom Tqven aravin dagexmarebaT. ecadeT miipyroT axlomaxlo mcxovrebTa yuradReba. aseT SemTxvevebSi xmamaRla dayvireba "miSveleT~ SesaZloa araefeqturi iyos _ adamianTa umravlesoba rogorc wesi amjobinebs ar Caerios sxvis saqmeSi. jobia iyviroT: "xanZaria~, "saxli iwvis~ _ xanZris SiSi praqtikulad yvelas aiZulebs fanjridan gareT gaxedvas, ris Sedegadac Tqvenze ganxorcielebul Tavdasxmas mravali mowme/mayurebeli gauCndeba. es ki Tavmdamsxmelebs daabnevs da SesaZoa maT gaqcevac ki aiZulos.

Tuki Tqvens sicocxles realuri safrTxe emuqreba, Tvadacvis iaraRad gamoiyeneT nebismieri sagani, romelic xelSi mogxvdebaT _ gasaRebi, mobiluri, qolga, xelCanTa, qva, joxi. ecadeT Tvadamsxmels gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiare adgilebSi miayenoT dartyma _ yurebi, Tvalebi, tuCebi, muceli. es mas ramdenime wamiT gamoiyvans wyobidan da Tqven gaqcevis saSualebas mogcemT. Tuki kiserSi xels giWeren, nu SeecdebiT Tavdamsxmels xeli gaaSvebinoT. ufro efeqturi iqneba xelebiT, fexebiT da muxlebiT sxva, daucvel adgilebSi miayenoT mtkivneuli dartymebi.

Tuki wagaqcis da wixlebs girtyamen, mucelze gadabrundiT da ecadeT xelebiT daifaroT mgrZnobiare adgilebi, gansakuTrebiT Tavi.

Tuki Tqvens gakoWvas apireben, Rrmad CaisunTqeT da maqsimalurad gaiSaleT mxrebSi. Semdeg, rodesac amoisunTqavT da modindebiT, igrZnobT, rom Tokebic SedarebiT moeSveba. agrZnobineT Tavdamsxmels, rom Tqven Zlier tkivilebs ganicdiT, Tundac ase ar iyos. es Seamcirebs misi agresiulobis xarisxs.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba sakuTar usafrTxoebaze zrunvis garda, uSualod Tavdasxmis momentSi Jurnalisti unda Seecados daimaxsovros yvela is detali, romelic Semdeg Tavdamsxmelis identificirebisaTvis iqneba saWiro: TavdamsxmelTa raodenoba, maTi garegnoba (simaRle, Tmis da Tvalis feri, gansakuTrebuli niSnebi da a.S.), Cacmuloba, Tavdasxmis mimdinareobis detalebi da a.S. sasurvelia es yvelaferi mogvianebiT CaiweroT da ar iyoT mxolod mexsierebis imedad, ragdan droTa ganmavlobaSi Tavdasxmis zogierTi mniSvnelovani detali SesaZloa mTlianad an nawilobriv gadagaviwydeT. informacia Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb aucileblad gaxadeT sajaro _ mimarTeT Tqvens kolegebs, gaavrceleT sagangebo gancxadeba, moawyveT sagangebo preskonferencia. es aucilebelia Tundac imisaTvis, rom SeamciroT xelaxali Tavdasxmis safrTxe. Tuki Tavdasxmis Sedegad saavadmyofoSi aRmoCndiT, aucileblad miiwvieT iq Tqveni kolegebi, raTa mediam Tqveni aseTi mdgomareoba daafiqsiros.

fsiqologis rCevebi: safrTxis dros jobia ar ifiqroT da pirdapir imoqmedoT. eqstremalur situaciebSi umjobesia gonebaze metad sakuTar instinqtebs unda endoT _ gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad SesaZloa wamis ramdenime meaTedi gqondeT, adamianis tvins ki swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad amaze meti dro sWirdeba. Tvadasxmis dros ki swored instiqtebi dagexmarebaT imis gadasawyvetad Tavdacvaze gadaxvideT, Tu agresias agresiiT upasuxoT. ar mogeridoT sakuTari SiSis. SiSi adamianis Tandayololo Tvisebaa, romelic TviTgadarCenasa da Tavis dacvaSi gvexmareba. garda amisa, ar dagaviwydeT, rom Tqveni Tavdamsxmelebic ganicdian SiSs da SesaZloa Tqvenze ufro metadac. sasurvelia, mimarToT profesional fsiqologs, romelic posttravmuli stresis daZlevaSi dagexmarebaT. Tvdasxmis Semdegstresi Cveulebrivi movlenaa da masac, iseve rogorc fizikur Wrilobas, mkurnaloba sWirdeba. profesionali fsiqologis Carevis gareSe stresis daZlevis procesi SesaZloa ramdenime Tves gaiwelos, ra drosac adamiani srulad aris amovardnili cxovrebis Cveuli ritmidan da mkveTrad daqeiTebuli aqvs TviTSefaseba.

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Tavdasxma Jurnalistebze iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): fizikuri Seuracxyofa, iseve rogorc qonebis dazianeba SeiZleba gaxdes samoqalaqo an/da sisxlsamarTlebrivi davis sagani. orive SemTxvevaSi samarTaldamcavi organoebi iwyeben gamoZiebas. qmedebis kvalifikaciidan gamomdinare, Jurnalists, romelzec ganxorcielda Tavdasxma, dauzianda janmrTeloba an piradi nivTebi, SeuZlia moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba sasamarTlo wesiT.

Tavi 2.3 profesiuli teqnikis dazianeba/CamorTmeva yvelam unda icodes, rom miuxedavad imisa, Tu sad da ra viTarebaSi xdeba JurnalistisaTvis profesiuli teqnikis CamorTmeva an dazianeba, es nebismier SemTxvevaSi danaSaulia, romelic sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT isjeba. maSinac ki, roca Jurnalisti Tavad arRvevs kanons, magaliTad, unebarTvod imyofeba sxvis kerZo sakuTrebaSi, mainc aravis aqvs ufleba mas fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenos, CamoarTvas an dauzianos profesiuli teqnika. amis miuxedavad, saqarTveloSi sakmaod xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac Jurnalists arTmeven, an mizanmimarTulad uzianeben profesiul teqnikas _ foto an video kameras, diqtofons. amis mTavari mizani moZaladeTa mxridan JurnalistisaTvis profesiulo saqmianobis SesrulebaSi xelis SeSlaa _ raTa man mopovebuli informaciis gavrceleba da misi dokumentalurad dadastureba ver SeZlos.

2011 wlis 25 seqtembers telekompania "maestros~ wamyvani Salva ramiSvili yvarelSi daakaves. is prezidentis kuTvnili saxlis siaxloves imyofeboda, rodesac samoqalaqo formaSi Cacmulma pirebma ramiSvilsa da mis gadamReb jgufs Zalis gamoyenebiT daatovebines teritoria. wamyvanis gancxadebiT, Sesabamisi dokumentaciis Sedgenis gareSe video aparatura CamoarTves, romelic mogvianebiT daubrunes. Tumca, Jurnalistebis mier gadaRebuli masalis Semcveli "Cipebi~ ar daubrunebiaT. Salva ramiSvili yveba:"yvarelSi prezidentis venaxisa da misi saxlis gadasaRebad CavediT. prezidentis mamuls arc Robe aqvs, arc WiSkari da arc aranairi gamafrTxilebeli warwera. aravis uTqvams, rom gadaReba ar SeiZleboda. simarTle giTxraT, zustad 35 35

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba arc ki vicodi, saakaSvilis saxli iyo Tu ara. "gadamReb jgufTan erTad Sevedi teritoriaze, maranSi, oTaxebSi. Semdeg movida viRac kaci (rogorc Semdeg SevityveT, yvarlis policiis ufrosi Temur guraSvili), romelic xelis kvriT cdilobda, gaveZevebine, magram vin iyo, ar meubneboda; arc forma ecva da arc sabuTi uCvenebia.

"Semdeg samoqalaqo tanisamosianma adamianebma, yvelanairi axsna-ganmartebis gareSe, Zalian uxeSad mogvaTavses manqanaSi da gagvitaces. vinaidan miSa mofrinavda, gasces brZaneba, iqedan gavegdeT da gadaRebuli masalac waerTmiaT. "Tavidan Zalian agresiulad meqceodnen, mere mixvdnen, rom azri ar hqonda am agresias. or kilometrSi Camogvsves manqanidan da ori TanamSromeli mogviCines. vekiTxebodiT, vin xarT-Tqo, magram mxrebs iCeCdnen da arc vinaobas da arc Tanamdebobas ar amxeldnen. ubralo moqalaqeebi varTo, ambobdnen.~ [4] JurnalistebisaTvis profesiuli teqnikis CamorTmevisa da dazianebis yvelaze masStaburi SemTxveva 2011 wlis 26 maisis Rames TbilisSi, rusTavelis gamzirze saprotesto aqciis daSlisas moxda. dazaralebulma Jurnalistebma da calkeulma media saSualebebma Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg sasamarTloSi aRZres sarCeli.

Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom maTi moTxovnebi nawilobriv daakmayofila da aqciis daSlis dros dakarguli an dazianebuli video kamerebis sakompensaciod, aseve im xarjebisTvis, rac policiis mxridan fizikuri Seuracxyofis Sedegad dazaralebulebs mkurnalobisTvis dasWirdaT, Sss-s JurnalistTaTvis kompensaciis gadaxda _ daaxloebiT, 2 285 laris anazRaureba daakisra. advokatTa SefasebiT, sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebaSi mniSvnelovania ara zianis anazRaurebis dakisreba, aramed is, rom aseTi precedenti moxda. policiis mxridan Zalis gadametebis SemTxvevaSi, anu Tu Jurnalisti garkveuli formiT, fizikurad an materialurad dazaralda msgavs situaciebSi, man unda mimarTos iurists, uflebadamcvel arasamTavrobo organizaciebs da Semdeg _ sasamarTlos. es magaliTi aCvenebs, rom sakuTari uflebebisaTvis brZolas yovelTvis aqvs azri.

Sesabamisad, profesiuli teqnikis CamorTmevis an mizanmimarTuli dazianebis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistma aucileblad oficialuri gancxadebiT unda mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs.

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profesiuli teqnikis CamorTmeva rCevebi: sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad mimarTeT Jurnalistur gaerTianebebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, uflebadamcvelebs. ecadeT, rom Tavad momxdari faqti sayovelTao ganxilvis sagnad iqces. amiT pirvel rigSi Tqven moaxdenT zewolas samarTaldamcvelebze, aiZulebT maT, rom ufro seriozulad moekidon Tqvens sarCels da ar daxuron saqme "damamtkicebeli sabuTebis naklebobis~, an "danaSaulis niSnebis ararsebobis~ motiviT. da bolos, Jurnalistma unda icodes, rom samuSaos Sesrulebisas dauzianes redaqciis kuTvnili da ara piradad misi profesiuli aparatura, redaqcia mas am zaralis anazRaurebas ver moTxovs.

iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): JurnalistisaTvis teqnikis CamorTmeva, iseve rogorc gadaRebuli masalis waSla kanonsawinaaRmdegoa.

Tu konkretul teritoriaze dadgenili standartis Tanaxmad (dawesebulebis Sinaganawesi, debuleba) SezRudulia gadaReba, Jurnalisti uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes specialuri uflebiT _ saSviT, amasTanave unda mieces mediis warmomadgenels SesaZlebloba gaecnos specialur wesebs gadaRebis Taobaze. adgilebSi, sadac ar aris daSvebuli gadaReba unda mieTiTos specialuri niSniT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iTvleba, rom gadaReba nebadarTulia. amkrZalavi niSani unda iyos naTeli da ganWvretadi.

JurnalistisaTvis teqnikis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi zianis anazRaureba daevaleba im pirs, romelmac daaziana, gaanadgura Jurnalistis kuTvnili nivTi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kanondarRveva ganxorcielda saxelmwifos warmomadgenelis mier, zianis anazRaureba daekisreba saxelmwifos.

Tu dadgindeba rom teqnika daaziana Tavad Jurnalistma, telekompania/redaqcia uflebamosilia sasamarTlos wesiT moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba misi TanamSromlisgan. aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania dadgindes konkretuli piris (zianis mimyeneblis) braleuloba.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Tavi 2.4 Tavdasxma redaqciebze/telekompaniebze bolo wlebis praqtika aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi arcerTi televizia da gazeTi ar aris dazRveuli Tavdasxmebisa da redaqciebis darbevisagan. gansakuTrebiT ki es im mediasaSualebebs exeba, romlebic damoukidebeli Jurnalisturi gamoZiebebis Catarebaze arian specializirebuli. potenciur TavdamsxmelTa wre sakmaod vrcelia. es SeiZleba iyos kriminaluri dajgufeba an finansuri jgufi. Tavdasxmebi gazeTebisa Tu telekompaniebis ofisebze religiuri motiviT araerTxel moxda.

2000 wlis 26 seqtembers gldanis marTlmadidebeli mrevlis winamZRvarma basil mkalaviSvilma Tavis mimdevrebTan erTad gazeT "rezonansis~ readaqciaSi SeWra scada. Tumca, agresiulad ganwyobil mrevlis wevrebs erTaderTi Sesasvleli kari daketili daxvdaT. mkalaviSvili "rezonanss~ "antimarTlmadidebluri seqtebis~ mxardaWeraSi adanaSaulebda. ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi mrevlis wevrebs dakavebuli hqondaT redaqciis Senobis ezo da samsaxurSi mimaval Jurnalistebs sityvier Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen. garda amisa, maT sgangebod motanili SedaduRebeli aparatiT redaqciis rkinis kari SeaduRes da simbolurad, redaqcia daluqes. tyveobidan redaqciis SenobaSi myofi Jurnalistebi adgilze misulma policielebma ixsnens, romlebmac mkalaviSvilis mrevlis aqcia daSales, mrevlis yvelaze aqtiuri wevrebi daakaves da redaqciis kari imave SesaduRebeli aparatiT gaxsnes.

2010 wlis 7 maiss telekompania "kavkasiis~ pirdapir eTerSi gamarTuli diskusiis dros, "marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris~ (mmk), aseve "saxalxo marTlmadidebluri moZraobis~ (ssm) warmomadgenlebsa da maT oponentebs Soris gaCenili uTanxmoeba xelCarTul CxubSi gadaizarda, romlis drosac fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes telekompaniis prezidents daviT aqubardias da telekompaniis TanamSromlebs. incidentis Semdeg sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Casatareblad telekompaniaSi mividnen prokuraturis warmomadgenlebi. samarTaldamcavebma Cxubis yvelaze aqtiuri monawileebi daakaves, romlebic mogvianebiT sasamarTlos winaSe warsdgnen. qarTuli mediisaTvis arc redaqciebze SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebia ucxo.

2003 wlis 29 dekembers, dilis 5 saaTze telekompania "rusTavi 2~-is Senobas reaqtiuli tanksawinaaRmdego Wurvi esroles. im

38

Tavdasxma redaqciebze / televiziebze

saxalxo damcveli sozar subari (marcxniv) nacem Jurnalist saba wiwikaSvilTan

39 39

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba periodSi telekompaniis ofisi vaJa-fSavelas gamzirze mdebare e. w. "sofmSenis~ 18-sarTuliani Senobis me-16-me-17 sarTulebze iyo ganlagebuli. "rusTavi 2~-s esroles ezodan, romelic vaJa-fSavelasa da yazbegis gamzirebze mdebare sacxovrebeli saxlebiT oTxmxrivad aris SemosazRvruli. sanam "rusTavi 2~-is fasads moxvdeboda, Wurvma xuTsarTulian sacxovrebel saxls gadaufrina. momxdarze aRiZra saqme da daiwyo gamoZeba, Tumca uSedegod _ policiam Tavdamsxmelebs ver miakvlia.

2009 wlis 25 maiss, Ramis 3 saaTze daudgenelma pirma TbilisSi, telekompania "maestros~ ezoSi xelyumbara Seagdo. afeTqebis Sedegad aravin daSavebula, Caimsxvra telekompaniis Senobis minebi da dazianda centraluri kari.

Sss-s cnobiT, policiam telekompanias sTxova gamoZiebisaTvis miewodebinaT telekompaniis saTvalTvalo kameriT gakeTebuli Canaweri, Tumca gairkva, rom "maestro~ aseT Canawers ar flobda. am incidentis gamoZeba uSedego aRmoCnda _ Tvdamsxmelis vinaobis dadgena da misi dakaveba ver moxerxda. zog SemTxvevaSi media saSualeba teroristTa Setevis obieqtic xdeba.

2011 wlis TebervalSi Sss-s mier Catarebuli specoperaciis Sedegad 10-mde adamiani daakaves, romelTac 2009-2010 wlebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze rusuli specsamsaxurebis dakveTiT teraqtebis ganxorcielebaSi edebodaT brali. teroristTa erTerTi samizne TbilisSi telekompania "imedis~ Senobac iyo.

2011 wlis 23 Tebervals, dakavebulTa Cvenebis safuZvelze, samarTaldamcavebma "imedis~ teritoriaze ori naRmi aRmoaCines da gaauvnebelyves. erTi asafeTqebeli mowyobiloba telekompaniis avtosadgomTan iyo damontaJebuli, xolo meore _ telekompaniis mTavari Senobidan 10-15 metrSi. Sss-s cnobiT, teroristTa mizani konkretulad "imedi" ar yofila, maT Tbilisis sxvadasxva adgilas, maT Soris •imedis~ SenobasTan ganxorcielebuli afeTqebebis seriiT panikis daTesva da destabilizaciis gamowveva surdaT. bolo drois yvelaze gaxmaurebuli Tavdasxma media saSualebaze, iyo 2007 wlis 7 noembers RamiT policiis specrazmis mier igive telekompania "imedis" darbeva. yvelaferi imave dRis dilas, rusTavelis gamzirze parlamentis Senobis win opoziciis saprotesto aqciis daSliT daiwyo, rac Semdeg masiur saxalxo mRelvarebebSi gadaizarda. didi da mcire Setakebebi policiis specrazmsa da opoziciis mxardamWerebs Soris

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Tavdasxma redaqciebze / televiziebze

wlis 7 noemberi: Jurnalisti policiasa da momitingeebs Soris dapirispirebis xazze. msgavs situaciebSi JurnalistisaTvis profesiuli teqnikis CamorTmevis an dazianebis albaToba sakmaod didia

qalaqis centralur ubnebSi praqtikulad mTel dRes gagrZelda. dRis bolos ki policiis specrazmi telekompania "imedis" SenobaSi SeiWra. televiziis wamyvanebi pirdapir eTerSi gadascemdnen SeWris detalebs, sanam specrazmelebma mTavar studias ar miaRwies. darbevisas policiis specrazmelebma gaanadgures telekompaniis kuTvnili aparatura, sityvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes Jurnalistebs. "imedis" mauwyebloba ki ramdenime kviriT Sewyda.

Sss-sa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier damoukidebel telekompaniaze Tavdasxma imiT iyo axsnili, rom "imedis" mflobeli badri patarkaciSvili saxelmwifo gadatrialebas gegmavda da Tavis telekompanias sainformacio iaraRad iyenebda. garda amisa, xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa gancxadebiT, "imedi' 7 noembramdec da uSualod aqciis darbevis dResac provokaciul cnobebs avrcelebda, riTac xelovnurad Zabavda situacias da xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego ganwyobebs aRvivebda. "bolo wveTi" ki, xelisuflebis 41 41

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba versiiT, gaxda "imedis" eTeriT 7 noembris saRamos gadacemuli cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom policiis specrazmelebi Tbilisis samebis sakaTedro taZarSi SeWras da iqaurobis darbevas apirebdnen, sadac policiasTan Setakebebisas daSavebuli opoziciis momxreebi imyofebodnen. telekompaniebis ofisebisa da redaqciebis sruli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. Tumca, media saSualebis xelmZRvanelobas SeuZlia miiRos prevenciuli zomebi, romlebic erTis mxriv Seamcirebs Tavdasxmis riskebs da Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi _ mosalodneli tragediis masStabebs, meores mxriv ki gaaadvilebs Tavdasxmis monawileTa vinaobis dadgenas. media organizaciebma ar unda dazogon fuli usafrTxoebis da dacviT sistemebze. sasurvelia, rom dacvis wevrebi ofisis SesasvlelSi isxdnen, akontrolebdnen ofisSi Semsvlelebs _ iniSnavdnen maT vinaobas, imas, Tu visTan hqonda Sexvedra da ramdeni xani dayves ofisSi. daayeneT signalizacia da gangaSis Rilaki, romelic pirdapir policiasTan an dacvis samsaxurTan iqneba dakavSirebuli daayeneT saTvalTvalo kamera ofisis SesasvlelTan da ise, rom mTeli perimetri TvalTvalis iyos. saTvalTvalo mowyobiloba daaprogrmireT ise, rom Canawerebi inaxebodes minimum erTi Tve.

42

Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana Tavi 2.5 Jurnalistis tyved/\ // mZevlad ayvana avtori: zviad foCxua

J

“gataceba da mZevlad ayvana JurnalistTa winaSe mdgari riskebia“ „JurnalistTa usafrTxoeba, UNESCO-s 2010 wlis moxseneba

urnalisti, misi saqmianobidan gamomdinare, sazogadoebis mxridan met yuradRebas ipyrobs. igi xSirad eqceva oficialuri xelisuflebis, SeiaraRebuli, an kriminaluri dajgufebis yuradRebis qveS. gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo im JurnalistTa saqmianobaa, romlebic Jurnalistur gamoZiebebs awarmoeben, an konfliqtebs aSuqeben. maT xSirad uwevT yofna saxifaTo garemoSi, aseve urTierToba pirebTan, romlebmac SesaZloa safrTxe Seuqmnan Jurnalistis sicocxles. aseT safrTxeebs Soris aris Jurnalistis tyved an mZevlad ayvana.

Jurnalistis tyved ayvana SesaZloa moxdes samxedro konfliqtis, kerZod sxva qveyanasTan omis an Sida SeiaraRebuli dapirispirebis dros. mZevlad ki Jurnalisti, SesaZloa, mSvidobian periodSic aiyvanon. saqarTveloSi Jurnalistis tyved ayvanis ramdenime faqtia cnobili. mZevlad ayvanis faqtebi cnobili araa. 2008 wels moxda Jurnalistis gatacebas saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier arakontrolirebad teritoriaze _ afxazeTSi. gamtaceblebs gamosasyidi ar mouTxoviaT (ix. malxaz basilaias SemTxveva).

Jurnalistis tyved ayvana Jurnalistis tyved ayvana SesaZloa ucxo qveyanasTan samxedro dapirispirebis dros moxdes. aseT SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi dapirispirebuli qveynis warmomadgeneli Jurnalisti mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze mihyavT. ucxoeli Jurnalisti orive dapirispirebulma mxarem SeiZleba daatyvevos.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Sida, samoqalaqo dapirispirebis dros, adgilobrivi Jurnalistis Tavisufleba SesaZloa orive dapirispirebulma mxarem aRkveTos. samxedro dapirispirebis dros Jurnalistis tyved ayvanis mizani informaciis gavrcelebis aRkveTa, an mowinaaRmdegesTan tyveebSi gacvlaa.

Jurnalisti SesaZloa daatyvevon imis gamoc, rom is SecdomiT, mowinaaRmdege samxedro pirTan gaaigives. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalisti, romelic SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs aSuqebs, TvalsaCinod axdendes sakuTari profesiis identificirebas. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi ukrZalaven dapirispirebul mxareebs Jurnalistebis datyvevebas. amitom mniSvnelovania Jurnalisti ise iyos Cacmuli, rom gaadvildes misi identificireba. aucilebelia Jurnalists Tan hqnondes ramdenime enaze Sevsebuli pres-baraTi. rekomendirebulia Jurnalisti flobdes saerTaSoriso pres-baraTs, romelsac "JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia", saqarTveloSi, erovnuli asociaciis _ "saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciis" meSveobiT gascems.

PRESS Jiletebis an Cafxutebis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom zog SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT qveynebSi, sadac mediis saerTaSoriso uflebebs ar aRiareben an pativs ar scemen, Jurnalisti SesaZloa swored am niSnis gamo iqces upirveles samizned. amitom mediis niSnis TvalsaCinod gamoyenebamde aucilebelia arsebuli garemos Seswavla da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis miReba. zog SemTxvevaSi rekomendirebulia gadaReba mxolod mobiluri telefoniT, es SesaZloa SeumCneveli darCes da ar gamoiwvios daZabuloba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalisti, romelic samxedro dapirispirebis zonaSi imyofeba, ar atarebdes cecxlsasrol iaraRs. sabrZolo iaraRis matarebeli Jurnalisti avtomaturad aRiqmeba erT-erTi dapirispirebuli mxaris warmomadgenlad. Sesabamisad, aseTebs ar icavs saerTaSoriso konvenciebi konfliqtur zonebSi JurnalisTa usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb.

SedarebiT maRalia im JurnalistTa tyved ayvanis riski, romlebic erT-erT dapirispirebul mxaresTan erTad imyofebian konfliqis zonaSi. aseve Tu Jurnalisti warmoadgens media organizacias, romelic erT-erTi dapirispirebuli mxares miekuTvneba, an masTan asocirdeba. Tumca, arc saerTaSoriso media organizaciebTan asocireba ar iZleva Jurnalistis sruli usafrTxoebis garantias. tyved ayvanis mizezi SesaZloa aseve iyos Jurnalistis erovneba, an ena, romelzec is saubrobs.

44

Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana tyved ayvana spontanurad xdeba, rasac SesaZloa Tan axldes Zaladoba, muqara, fsiqologiuri zewola da msxverpli. tyved ayvanis riski miT ufro maRalia, ramdenadac axlosaa Jurnalisti dapiripirebis epicentrTan. Jurnalistis tyveobidan gaTavisuflebis saqmeSi Zalian mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso organizaciebis monawileoba. dReisTvis saqarTveloSi tyved ayvanis riskis zonebia afxazeTi, samaCablo da ruseTTan mosazRvre teritoriebi. saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTi ar scnobs damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad da Sesabamisad, aseTi regionebis faqtobriv xelisuflebaze, an samxedro Zalebze zewolis efeqturoba Zalian dabalia. ruseTis samxedro Zalebis mxridan qarTveli Jurnalistis tyved ayvanis albaToba maRalia am qveyanasTan samxedro dapirispirebis ganmorebis SemTxvevaSi.

Zmebi giga da irakli CixlaZeebis dakaveba 2004 wlis 11 ivniss cxinvalSi, adgilobrivma samarTaldamcavebma reportaJis mosamzadeblad Casuli, inglisurenovani Jurnal "profailis" Jurnalistebi, Zmebi giga da irakli CixlaZeebi daakaves. cxinvalSi specialuri reportaJis mosamzadeblad isini diliT gaemgzavrnen. SuadRisas maTTan kontaqti gawyda. maTi mobiluri telefonebi gamoirTo. TbilisSi dabrunebulma giga CixlaZem moyva, rom cxinvalSi isini SeiaraRebulma pirebma daakaves, piradi nivTebi da mobiluri telefonebi CamoarTves. erTdRiani patimrobis manZilze Jurnalistebi xuTjer gadaiyvanes sxvadasxva adgilas da ramdenjerme dahkiTxes, maT Soris samxreT oseTis de faqto uSiSroebisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenlebma. qarTul mxaresTan molaparakebebis Semdeg Jurnalistebi imave saRamos, 11 ivniss gaaTavisufles.

CixlaZeebis dakaveba naTesavs gamtaceblebma telefoniT Seatyobines. erTdRiani patimrobis Sesaxeb giga da irakli CixlaZeebma Tavis reportaJSi yvebian.

Zmebis aRiarebiT, maT icodnen, rom konfliqtis zonaSi reportaJis momzadebis uflebis misaRebad Jurnalistebs osuri de faqto da qarTuli xelisuflebis Sesabamisi organoebisagan specialuri nebarTva unda aeRoT. maTive TqmiT, isini Riad axorcielebdnen 45 45

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba foto-gadaRebas da gafrTxilebac miiRes SesaZlo dakavebis Sesaxeb. "gadaRebuli foto masalis didi nawili kameris Semowmebisas ganadgurda. mobiluri telefonebi, fuli da bloknoti wagvarTves. "kagebes" oficeris TqmiT, mobiluri telefonebi maT moipares, vinc Tavidan dagvakava. man xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom momxdarze pasuxismgebeli ar aris. "Cven maT ar vakontrolebT", _ Tqva man. [5]

giorgi abdalaZes SemTxveva 2002 wels giorgi abdalaZe, romelic im dros gazeT "kviris palitraSi" muSaobda, mivlinebiT gaagzavnes samaCabloSi, ergneTis bazrobis mimdebare teritoriidan kontrabandis gadmosvlasTan dakavSirebiT reportaJis mosamzadeblad. ergneTis teritoriaze Sesvlisas is mZRolan erTad, SeiaraRebulma pirebma daakaves da cxinvalSi waiyvanes. gatacebulebs gzaSi scemdnen. 'cemis dros gvCxrekdnen, ris Sedegadac me mipoves prezidentis administraciis akreditacia, maSindeli pressamsaxuris mowmoba da diqtofoni, romelic im momentisTvis mqonda CarTuli. anu me am mTeli dakavebis da cemis process viwerdi diqtofoniT. ergneTSi Casvlisas avtomaturad CavrTe. 'amis aRmoCenis Semdeg gaRiziandnen da ufro uaresad dagviwyes cema. es grZeldeboda daaxloebiT dRenaxevris ganmavlobaSi. "mere raRac momentSi momitanes dokumenti, romelzec undodaT rom xeli momewera da miTxres, es aris Seni dakiTxvis oqmi, sadac Sen aRiareb jaSuSobas, rom Sen cxinvalis teritoriaze diversiuli aqtis Catarebas apirebdio. amaze Tavidan uari ganvacxade. mere iyo isev cema da sabolood movawere xeli. "dakiTxvis dros, TavisTavad cxadia, davasaxele Cemi sacxovrebeli misamarTi, ojaxuri mdgomareoba. maT damides magidaze Cemi Zmebis da dedaCemis fotoebi da miTxres, rom Tu uars vityodi, Cems da Cemi ojaxis likvidacias moaxdendnen..." [6] abdalaZis stenogamis Tanaxmad, romelic 2011 wels, Jurnalistis mimarT saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan SpionaJSi dadanaSaulebis Semdeg gamoqveynda, 2002 wels cxinvalSi rusi samxedro pirebi mas TanamSromlobis sanacvlod gaTavisuflebas hpirdebodnen. abdalaZis mimarT braldeba dadasturebuli ar aris. Tavad Jurnalisti dakavebis periodSi xelisuflebis braldebas uaryofda. sazogadoebisTvis ucnobia am saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sxva detalebi, ramdenadac Jurnalistsa da sasamarTlos Soris saproceso garigeba Sedga, romlis Tanaxmadac Jurnalists am garigebis gaxmaureba aekrZala.

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Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana

cxinvalis incidenti 2008 wlis 8 agvistos gazeT "mesinjeris" Jurnalisti Temur kiRuraZe, amave gazeTis amerikeli redaqtori uinston fezerli, telekompania "alanias" redaqtori giga CixlaZe da fotografi saSa klimCuki manqaniT cxinvalSi gaemgzavrnen. rogorc Temuri ixsenebs, cxinvalSi Sesvla maT mas Semdeg gadawyvites, rac xelisuflebam ganacxada, rom qarTuli jari cxinvals srulad akontrolebda.

Tumca, 8 agvistos, SuadRis 3 saaTze, cxinvalis SemovliTi gziT Sesuli Jurnalistebi qarTvel samxedroebs Camocildnen da gzaSi separatistTa SeiaraRebul formirebebs waawydnen. ginebis Semdeg cxinvalis SesasvlelTan mdgarma samxedroebma, romlebic osuri formirebis wevrebi aRmoCndnen, jer haerSi daiwyes srola, mere ki, roca Jurnalistebma gaqceva daapires, Temur kiRuraZis TqmiT, maTze ukve tyviamfrqvevis cecxli miuSves. adgilze daiRupnen telekompania "alanias" Jurnalisti giga CixlaZe da fotografi saSa klimCuki. Temur kiRuraZe da misi redaqtori uinston fezerli ki osma samxedroebma cxinvalis saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes. Temuri mxarSi iyo daWrili da mas cxinvalis saavadmyofoSi sam dRes mkurnalobdnen. saavadmyofoSi gadayvanamde osma samxedroebma is scemes da fuli da aparatura waarTves.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Temur kiRuraZis TqmiT, cxinvalis saavadmyofo ibombeboda qarTuli artileriis mier, ris gamoc iq myofi daWrilebis vladikavkazSi gadayvana gadawyda. 11 agvistos Temuri da misi amerikeli kolega vladikavkazSi gadaiyvanes, sadac isini erTmaneTs daaSores _ amerikeli uinston fezerli daxurul samxedro hospitalSi moaTavses, mxarSi daWrili Temur kiRuraZe ki _ rusuli miliciis qveganyofilebaSi, sadac Jurnalists qarTuli warmoSobis vladikavkazelma milicielma upatrona. [7] Temur kiRuraZe: "piradad CemTvis es saomari moqmedebebis zonaSi gamgzavrebis pirveli SemTxveva iyo. gadaadgilebis marSruti detalurad dagegmili ar gvqonda. Cven Zalian vCqarobdiT, radgan yvela qveynidan gvirekavdnen da informacias iTxovdnen. adgilmdebareobis ruqa ar Segviswavlia.

Cven vendeT informacias, rom qarTuli mxare akontrolebs cxinvals, Tumca aRmoCnda, rom movliTi gza, romliTac Cven wavediT, uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli qarveli samxedroebis mier.

"Cvens Soris mxolod giga icnobda kargad am adgilebs da gzebs. jgufis xelmZRvaneli ar agvirCevia. adgilobrivi gamcilebeli ar gvyavda. arc cxinvalSi davkavSirebivarT vinmes damatebiTi cnobebis misaRebad.

“JavSanJiletebi redaqciebSi movikiTxeT, magram ver viSoveT. im avtomobiliT gavemgzavreT, romelic gvyavda _ Cveulebrivi msubuqi manqana, qarTuli nomrebiT. masze presis niSani ar iyo mimagrebuli.

“Cven yvelas Tan gvqonda presis sabuTi da saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradobis mowmoba. samxedro forma arc erTs ar gvecva. qarTuli mobiluri kavSiriT vsargeblobdiT, romelic cxinvalSic kargad iWerda signals. satelituri tlefonebi Tan ar gvqonia. “samxedro nawilebTan erTad gadaadgileba ar visurveT, radgan vifiqreT, rom isini Tavisuflad gadaRebebs SegvizRudavdnen. garda amisa, es ufro saxifaTodac migvaCnda, radgan Tu rusi samxedroebi qarTvel samxedroebTan erTad agviyvandnen, Cveni ganadgurebis albaToba ufro maRali iqneboda. “gadaadgilebis dros periodulad vukavSirdebodiT redaqciebs da vacnobebdiT situacias. aseve periodulad vaCerebdiT avtomobils. gvegona usfrTxo adgilas viyaviT, amitom manqanidan gadmovdiodiT da vecnobodiT viTarebas, viRebdiT fotoebs.

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Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana “manqana 15 wuTis savalSi gvyavda datovebuli, rodesac gzaSi wavawydiT samxedroebs. davinaxeT, rom SeiaraRebulebi iyvnen, magram ver movaxdineT maTi sworad identificireba, anu romel mxares warmoadgendnen. saSam samxedroebs qarTulad SesZaxa. sapasuxod iaraRi dagvimiznes da gviyvires “gaTiSeT kamerebio”, rac albaT maT provocirebas axdenda. “im momentSi miviReT spontanurad gadawyvetileba gavqceulviyaviT manqanisken. imis dro ar gvqonda, rom davfiqrebulviyaviT SevZlebdiT Tu ara gaqcevas. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan vfiqrob, rom gaqcevis da mimalvis Sansi ar iyo. Cabareba iqneboda swori gadawyvetileba. “telefoniT daxmarebis gamoZaxeba ar gvicdia. amis droc ar iyo. “srolis Sedegad me da uinstoni daviWeriT. sxvebi adgilze gardaicvalnen. Cveni Wrilobebis gamo maTTan miaxloeba ver SevZeliT. uinstoni tkiviliT gamowveul SokSi iyo. moklulebs tyvia gulSi hqonda moxvedrili. samxedroebma Tavidanve icodnen, rom Jurnalistebi viyaviT. Tumca, roca mogviaxlovdnen, Tqves, rom egonaT Cven javSanmanqana mogvyveboda. maT Segvimowmes sabuTebi. me gamarTuli rusuliT, uaqcentod vpasuxobdi, ramac odnav Seasusta maTi agresia. uinstons, imis gamo rom amerikeli iyo, Tavidan agresiulad eqceodnen, mogvianebiT ki me miTxres, rom amerikelis sikvdils maTTvis problemis motana SeeZlo, xolo CemTvis sicocxlis SenarCuneba maTTvis sulerTi iyo. “samxedroebma Cveni pirdobis sabuTebi Seamowmes. me inglisurenovan gazeTzee vmuSaobdi da aman dadebiTad imoqmeda. ufro ki iman ganmuxta viTareba, rom maT saSas sabuTi naxes, romelic rusuli saagento "itar-tasis" mier iyo gacemuli. “telefonebi da fotoaparatebi iqve CamogvarTves. me da uinstoni saavdmyofoSi gadagviyvanes, sxva daWril jariskacebTan mogvaTavses, sadac ramdenjerme daiZaba viTareba. vcdilobdi meTqva, rom ar warmovadgen dapirispirebul mxares da aq simarTlis aRsabeWdad vimyofebi. aman agresia mniSvnelovnad Seasusta. aseve veubnebodi, rom Seyvarebuli myavs da minda davbrunde ojaxis Sesaqmnelad. “erTxel ezoSi gamiyvanes da mokvliT damemuqrnen. saavadmyofos eqimebma ramdenjerme ganmuxtes es daZabuloba. “eqimis daxmarebiT vcadeT euTos (OSCE) misiasTan dakavSireba, magram aRmoCnda, rom misia ukve ixureboda. gviTxres, Cven verafriT dagexmarebiTo. “9 agvistos, anu meore dRes, mobiluri telefonebi dagvibrunes. saavadmyofoSi samxedro piris meTvalyureobis qveS 3 wuTiT darekvis 49 49

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba ufleba mogvces. pirvel rigSi amerikel megobarTan davreke, rom mas saelCos meSveobiT Cveni gaTavisufleba SeZleboda. “mniSvnelovnad dagvexmarnen rusi da ukraineli Jurnalistebi, romlebic Cvens mimarT agresiuli mopyrobis Sewyvetas iTxovdnen da Cvens gaTavisuflebas Suamdgomlobdnen. ramdenime dReSi vladikavkazidan saqarTveloSi gamomiSves.”

rekomendaciebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis epicentrSi gamgzavrebamde Tqven kargad unda dagegmoT gadaadgilebis marSruti da eqstremalur SemTxvevaSi iqidan Tavis daRwevis ramdenime gza. aucilebelia icnobdeT im geografiul garemos, sadac miemgzavrebiT. marSrutebi unda ganixiloT im adgilis mcodne pirTan erTad, risTvisac SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT ruqa maps.google.com. qveviT mocemulia ramdenime bmuli, sadac Tqven aseve SegiZliaT quCebis saxelwodebebi da Senobebis ganlageba naxoT. cxinvalis satelturi ruka: larsi, saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvari: galis raionis satelituri ruka: soxumis satelituri ruka: Tbilisis satelituri ruka: •

darwmundiT, rom sargeblobT ganaxlebuli rukiT. gaiTvaliswineT, rom maps.google.com-ze mocemuli satelituri suraTebi zogjer 1 wlis siZvelisaa. rukebis alternatiuli, SezRuduli qarTuli resursi aris

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konfliqtis zonaSi gamgzavrebamde detalurad SeiswavleT is garemo, sadac miemgzavrebiT. moiZieT informacia im adgilis Sesaxeb, sadac mogiwevT gadaadgileba an yofna.

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ar daeyrdnoT mxolod oficialur monacemebs, moiZieT informacia ramdenime wyarodan _ samxedro pirebisgan, iq myofi Jurnalistebisgan, adgilobrivi mosaxleobisgan.

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konfliqtis epicentrTan miaxloebis paralelurad adgilobrivi mosaxleobisgan miiReT informacia viTarebis Sesaxeb.

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Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana •

mniSvnelovania, rom konfliqtis zonaSi gamgzavrebisas gyavdeT megzuri, romelic kargad icnobs im adgils da amave dros, romelsac Tqven kargad icnobT da endobiT.

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SedarebiT usafrTxoa gadaadgileba samxedro dajgufebis kvaldakval, magram ara maTTan erTad.

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ar CamorCeT SeiaraRebul jgufs da ar gamoeyoT mas, Tu Tqven ar icnobT garemos kargad da ar iciT ukan dabrunebis gza.

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manqaniT gamgzavrebisas airCieT maRali gamavlobis tipis avtomobili. Tu es SesaZlebeli da xelmisawvdomia, iqiraveT dajavSnuli avtomobili. arsebobs javSanis ramdenime xarisxi. airCieT avtomobili maqsimaluri javSaniT.

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konfliqtis uSualo epicentrSi Sesvlamde damaleT avtomobilis nomrebi, radgan isini Tqvens warmomavlobaze mianiSneben da SesaZloa Tqvenze Tavdasxmis mizezi gaxdes.

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saWesTan unda dasvaT iseTi pirovneba, romelmac kargad icis avtomobilis eqstremalur pirobebSi tareba.

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manqanaze miamagreT niSani (aRniSnuli ar exeba im SemTxvevebs, rodesac Jurnalists surs SeumCneveli iyos sxva manqanebs Soris).

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fotoebis gadasaRebad gamoiyeneT super telefoto obieqtivi, romelic agaridebT konfliqtis epicentrTan Zalian axlos misvlas.

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ar gadmoxvideT avtomobilidan, Tu ar xarT darwmunebuli, rom es usafrTxoa.

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foto da video gadaRebis dros ar gamorToT avtomobilis Zravi, vidre imyofebiT saxifaTo da TqvenTvis ucnob garemoSi. Tqven SesaZloa swrafad mogiwioT am adgilis datoveba.

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Tu manqanis gaCereba mainc dagWirdaT, daayeneT is piriT gzis mxares imisTvis, rom gaqceva swrafad moaxerxoT. 51 51

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba •

Tu dainaxeT ucxo SeiaraRebuli pirebi, an Tu Tqveni mimarTulebiT gaixsna cecxli, swrafad gaerideT im adgils da daemaleT Tavdamsxmelebs.

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Tavdasxmisas swrafad SeafaseT arsebuli viTareba, ar scadoT fexiT gaqceva Tu Tavis daRwevis an damalvis Sansi ar gagaCniaT. gaqceva axdens Tqveni misamarTiT cecxlis gaxsnis provocirebas.

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gamoiZaxeT daxmareba, Tu Tqvenze ganxorcielda Tavdasxma, an Tu Tqven Tavdasxmis aSkara saSiSroebas grZnobT.

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ar isaubroT ucxo pirebTan, radgan amiT SesaZlebelia moxdes Tqveni identificireba.

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Tqveni tyved ayvanis SemTxvevaSi xSirad gaimeoreT, rom xarT damoukidebeli presis warmomadgeneli da ar miekuTvnebiT arcerT dapirispirebul mxares.

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SeecadeT ar moaxdinoT Tqvens mimarT agresiis provocireba.

Temur kiRuraZis TqmiT, jgufis wevrebs Soris mxolod erTs hqonda gavlili pirveladi daxmarebis treningi. misi TqmiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis SemTxvevaSi pirveladi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlebeli iyo, pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis codna savaldebuloa yvela JurnalistisTvis, romelic konfliqtis zonaSi miemgzavreba. kiRuraZis monayoli aCvenebs, rom Jurnalistebi ar iyvnen Sesabamisad momzadebulni. maT ar hqondaT gamocdileba da arc saTanado informacia konfliqtis zonaSi viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT. Jurnalistebi eyrdnobodnen mxolod saqarTvelos mTavrobis gancxadebas imis Taobaze, rom cxinvali kontrolirdeba srulad. kiRuraZes miaCnia, rom maT meti informacia unda mieRoT sxvadasxva kerZo wyarodan, maT Soris samxedro pirebisgan da adgilobrivi mosaxleobisgan. cxinvalSi Sesvlisas Jurnalistebs SexvdaT qarTuli tanki, romelic swrafad tovebda teritorias. masze myofma samxedrom Jurnalistebs aniSna daetovebinaT teritoria. Tumca, kiRuraZe acxadebs, maT ver gaiges garkveviT, ras aniSnebdnen da CaTvales, rom es samxedro piri ubralod JurnalistebisTvis muSaobis SezRudvas cdilobda, rogorc es xSirad xdeba. kiRuraZes dRes miaCnia, rom savaldebulo

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Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana iyo samxedroebisgan meti informaciis miReba. kiRuraZis monayoli adasturebs, rom samxedro pirebisgan gaqcevis an daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi gaqceulTa misamarTiT cecxlis gaxsnis albaToba didia. gaqceva mxolod maSin aris mizanSewonili, Tu cecxlis zonidan mimalva SesaZlebelia. Tu iaraRi Tqvenzea momarTuli da amasTan massa da Tqvens Soris araferia iseTi, rasac SeiZleba miefaroT, sjobs CabardeT. kiRuraZes miaCnia, rom ucxouri mediis sabuTis qona SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad daexmaros tyved ayvanil Jurnalistebs. aseve im enaze saubari, romelic asocirdeba damtyvevebelTa mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan, zrdis agresias. kiRuraZis SemTxvevaSi, rusulad saubari mas daexmara samxedroebis darwmunebaSi, rom is ar warmoadgens saqarTvelos samTavrobo medias.

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konfliqtur regionSi gamgzavrebamde garkvieT yvela formaluri mxare, rac aRniSnul teritoriaze Tqvens gadaadgilebas ukavSirdeba.

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foto da video gadaReba SeaTanxmeT adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan. Tu sxva gamosavali ar gaqvT garda unebarTvo gadaRebisa, SeecadeT es farulad moaxdinoT.

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Tan iyolieT adgilobrivi megzuri, romelsac endobiT. es pirovneba dagexmarebaT adgilobrivebTan SesaZlo konfliqtis Tavidan acilebaSi.

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gadaRebuli foto masalisTvis, CipisTvis, iqoniaT saidumlo samalavi. tyveobaSi yofnis dros sworad unda SeafasoT Tqveni mdgomareoba imisTvis, rom gaanalizoT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara gaqceva tyveobidan da Tuki SesaZlebelia, rodis aris gaqceva mizanSewonili.

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imis niSnebi, rom damtyvevebelTa damokidebuleba Tqveni fizikuri ardaSveba maSin,

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Tqveni mdgomareoba tyveobaSi SesaZloa Tqvens xelT

Tqvens fizikur ganadgurebas gegmaven aris mxridan Tqvens mimarT mkveTrad Secvlili da gamoxatuli agresia, aseve kvebis Sewyveta, mdgomareobisadmi uyuradReboba, eqimis roca Tqveni fizikuri mdgomareoba mZimea.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba arsebulma foto an teqstobrivma masalam daamZimos. amitom yovelTvis ecadeT informacia mopovebisTanave gadaagzavnoT internetiT. •

video, audio an foto gadaReba SesaZloa mZime SedegiT dasruldes. Jurnalisti valdebulia pirvel adgilze sakuTari sicocxle daayenos.

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Tu mizani SeumCnevlad darCenaa, foto an video gadaReba Sori manZilidan unda ganxorcieldes, an dafaruli foto da video mowyobilobiT.

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aucilebelia viTarebis daZabvisTanave moxdes Setyobinebis gagzavna axloblebTan, an redaqciaSi imisTvis, rom maT swrafad gaaxmauron incidenti, aseve mimarTon samarTaldamcavebs da saerTaSoriso Jurnalistur organizaciebs daxmarebisTvis. abdalaZis SemTxvevidan Cans, rom msgavs viTarebaSi Jurnalisti orive mxridan agentad dadanaSaulebis riskis winaSec dgas.

mZevlad ayvana/gataceba

m

Zevlad ayvanis albaToba maRalia afxazeTsa da samaCabloSi. mZevlad ayvanis da gamosasyidis moTxovnis faqtebi xSiria afxazeTSi, galis raionSi. Jurnalistebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom aRniSnul teritoriebze gadasvlis Sesaxeb informacia ar aris gaxmaurebuli, imisTvis, rom ar moxdes Casafreba. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar avaldebulebs moqalaqeebs Seatyobinon samarTaldamcavebs arakontrolirebad teritoriaze gadasvlis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, es procesi ukontroloa im teritoriebze sadac ar aris sakontrolo gamSvebi punqti. aseTia administraciul sazRvrebs mimdebare soflebi, tyeebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom administraciuli sazRvris kveTa ar warmoadgens danaSauls, afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis faqtiuri xelisufleba amas sakuTari kanonmdeblobis mixedviT kanonis darRvevad afasebs. afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis faqtiuri xelisufleba avaldebulebs yvelas, miiRon specialuri nebarTva sazRvris gadmosakveTad. aseTi akreditaciis arseboba mainc ar amcirebs eTnikurad qarTvelis mZevlad ayvanis risks.

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Jurnalistis tyved / mZevlad ayvana malxaz basilaias gataceba telekompania ~mzis~ Jurnalisti malxaz basialaia, aseve misi Tanmxlebi pirebi deda-Svili maia danelia da daviT woworia, afxazeTis de faqto uSiSroebis samsaxurma, 2008 wlis 26 Tebervals daakava qalaq galTan. afxazuri mxarem isini sazRvris ukanono gadakveTaSi daadanaSaula.

10 dRis Semdeg Jurnalisti gaeros da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis Carevis Sedegad gaaTavisufles. momxdarTan dakavSirebiT basilaia saqarTvelos prezidentma Rirsebis ordeniT daajildova. imave wlis agvistoSi basilaia ukve saqarTvelos mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze ucnobma pirebma gaitaces da scemes. saqarTveloSi gaeros misiis warmomadgenelis riCard koSendas gancxadebiT, soxumSi patimrobaSi yofnis dros telekompania ~mzis~ Jurnalisti malxaz basilaia da masTan erTad dakavebuli daviT woworia ar ucemiaT. gaeros misiam moamzada dakavebulTa iuridiuli mxaradaWera. ~Cven dakavebis dRidan yoveldRe vxvdebodi maT. basilaias da wowonavas uflebebi ar irRveoda~, _ ganacxada riCard koSendam. basilaia da wowonava soxumis xelisuflebam 6 marts gadasca saqarTveloSi gaeros misiis warmomadgenlebs. [8] malxaz basilaia samxedro formaSi Cacmulma 9 SeiaraRebulma pirma xobis raionis sofel xeTadan 2008 wlis 10 agvistos gaitaca. igi im dRes naTesavis ojaxSi dedasTan erTad imyofeboda. basilaias TqmiT, is saxlidan ucxo pirebma gamoixmes, manqanaSi ZaliT Casves da dausaxlebel adgilze waiyvanes, sadac, misi TqmiT, mas 7 kaci umowyalod urtyamda mucelSi, TavSi. ~gamtaceblebi maiZulebdnen meRiarebina agitacia da agentoba, magram ver getyviT visi an risi. mimeorebdnen, Sen saakaSvilis Rirsebis ordenma xom ar gagaTamama, eg ver giSvelis, aRiareo. ~ori samxedroformiani, romelic me mamagrebda, viTom ~Sefisgan~malulad yurSi miCurCulebda _ aRiare agentoba, Torem mogklaveno~, _ yveba basilaia. misive TqmiT, gamtaceblema seqsualuri Zaladobis inscenireba scades. nacemi basilaia simindis yanebSi datoves:~wasvlis win miTxres _ ar gvicnob, ar gicnobTo~.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba naxevrad ugono mdgomareobaSi myofma da cemisagan dauZlurebulma malxaz basilaiam simindis yanebidan Ramis pirvel saaTze gamoaRwia.

rekomendaciebi da fsiqologis rCevebi: • • •

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• • •

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yuradReba miaqcieT SeiaraRebulebi arian Tu ara gamtaceblebi.

Tu darwmundiT rom ar arian, SeecadeT atexoT xmauri da miipyroT gareSe pirTa yuradReba.

Tavi moaCveneT gamtaceblebs, rom cudad xarT an guli wagividaT. moiqeciT ise, rom Tqveni gataceba garTuldes.

SiSma SesaZloa gaauaresos Tqveni mcdeloba gawioT winaaRmdegoba. amitom fsiqologebis rCevaa, gatacebis dros daiyviroT, rac uzrunvelyofs Tqvens organizmSi adrenalinis momatebas, es ki Tavis mxriv mogimatebT Zalas da dagibrunebT saRad azrovnebis saSualebas. daarwmuneT Tqveni Tavi, rom bevr SemTxvevaSi gatacebuli adamianebi ukan brundebian. Tqven SesaZloa dakargoT fizikuri Zala, magram ecadeT ar dakargoT kontroli Tqvens azrebze. ifiqreT imaze, Tu rogor moiqceviT momavalSi, ras izamT saxlSi dabrunebis Semdeg. gaixseneT leqsebi, pozitiuri azrebi. ganewyveT im azriT, rom Tqven male ar gagaTavisufleban, Tumca es adre Tu gvian mainc moxdeba. maqsimalurad SeecadeT ar gamoxatoT emociebi.

SeecadeT pirad urTierTobaSi SexvideT gamtaceblebTan. SeecadeT adamianur Tvisebebze gaamaxviloT yuradreba, gaiRimoT, ganawyoT dadebiTad Tqvens mimarT. mouyeviT Tqveni ojaxis, Tqveni gegmebis Sesaxeb. aCveneT ojaxis wevrebis da bavSvebis suraTebi, Tu aseTi Tan gaqvT. SeasruleT gamtaceblebis miTiTebebi. ganumarteT, rom xarT samoqalaqo piri da TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania mxolod Tanabari, obieqturi gaSuqeba.

Tu daWrili xarT, SeecadeT ar imoZraoT, rom ar gamoiwvioT sisxldena. moiTxoveT samedicino daxmareba. sisxldenis SesaCereblad gamoiyeneT qamari, an tansacmeli. gaiTvaliswineT, rom sisxlis moZraoba sxeulis nawilSi ar unda Sewydes didi xniT, amitom yovel 15 wuTSi mouSviT qamari, romliTac SeCerebuli gaqvT sisxldena.

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Tavdacvis da usafrTxoebis saSualebebi

u

Tavi 2.6 TavdacviTi da usafrTxoebis saSualebebi safrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare, Jurnalistma ar unda ataros iaraRi. saqarTvelos kanoni krZalavs iaraRis tarebas specialuri nebarTvis gareSe. miuxedavad imisa, rom policiam zog SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa Jurnalists Tavdacvis mizniT iaraRis tarebis neba darTos, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, maT Soris JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia ar urCevs mediis muSakebs cecxlsasroli iaraRis tarebas. amasTan erTad Jurnalistma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, romlebic avaldebuleben qveynebs daicvan konfliqtis zonebSi momuSave Jurnalistebi da ar ganaxorcielon maTze Tavdasxma, ar icaven iseT Jurnalistebs, romelic atareben iaraRs. Jurnalistis erTaderTi iaraRi misi profesiuli iaraRia: kalami, diqtofoni, foto da video kamera. konfliqtur zonebSi momuSave JurnalistisTvis, saukeTeso Tavdacvis saSualeba misi mzadyofnaa, maT Soris fizikuri. fizikurad susti Juralistebis daSavebis, tyved ayvanis an daRupvis albaToba ufro maRalia. Jurnalists, romelic sakuTari fizikuri janmrTelobidan gamomdinare ver gadaadgildeba swrafad, an ar aqvs unari gauZlos eqstremalur pirobebSi yofnas, meti Sansi aqvs dazaraldes. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalisti, romelic saxifaTo Temebze muSaobs aseve aqcevdes yuradRebas fizikur momzadebas.

Jurnalistma SesaZloa Caicvas javSanJileti, Cafxuti. sasurvelia, es epikireba aRniSnuli iyos warweriT PRESS. Jurnalists Tan unda hqondes telefoni, ruka, pirveladi daxmarebis saSualebebi. axlo aRmosavleTSi, aseve CeCneTSi saomari moqmedebebis gaSuqebisas, ramdenime saerTaSoriso media organizaciam Jurnalistebis gadasaadgileblad dajavSnuli, maRali gamavlobis manqanebi gamohyo. usafrTxoebis zogierTi eqsperti ruseTSi, aSS-Si, samoqalaqo pirobebSi momuSave Jurnalists, gansakuTrebiT ki 57 57

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis avtorebs urCevs Tan hqondes cremlmdeni sprei an eleqtroSoki. Tumca, am TavdacviTi saSualebebis eleqtroSokis, aseve cecxlsasroli iaraRis tareba saqarTveloSi ikrZaleba. amitom Jurnalisti, romelsac saxifaTo Temebze uwevs muSaoba, mTlianad unda iyos damokidebuli sakuTar Tavze.

Jiletis da Cafxutis gamoyeneba aseve rekomendirebulia samoqalaqo mRelvarebis, aqciebis darbevis gaSuqebisas. aqciebis darbevisas efeqturia daxuruli saTvaleebis gamoyeneba, maT Soris sacurao saTvaleebis. zogierT sacurao saTvales mcire naxvretebi aqvs daorTqlvis SesaCereblad. SeavseT aseTi xvrelebi silikoniT,plasteliniT an saReWi reziniT. aqciis gasaSuqeblad mimaval Jurnalists Tan unda hqondes samedicino xelTaTmanebi da Txevadi antacidi, romelic ixsneba 50/50 wyalSi da gamoiyeneba crelmsadeni gazisgan daSavebuli adgilebis Camosabanad. am xsnaris SeZena SesaZlebelia afTiaqSi an internetSi. cremlsadeni gazisgan dacvis saukeTeso saSualeba airwinaRia. airwinaRis ararsebobis dros efeqturia saxeze limnis wveniT gaJRenTili bendenas an naWris afareba. naWeri winaswar SegiZliaT daasveloT da waiRoT celofnis parkiT. sveli naWerSi sunTqva dagicavT imden xans, rom moaswroT Tavisuflad adgilidan garideba.

Tumca, SemdgomSi gaziT gaJRenTili naWeri araefeqturi xdeba. gaiTvaliswineT, rom cremlsadeni gazi azianebs kans. amitom sxeuli sapniT da wyliT kargad unda daibanoT, xolo tanisamosi calke garecxoT. "yovelTvis, mudmivad, yovel wuTs, awon-dawone sargebeli riskTan SedarebiT. rogorc ki miuaxlovdebi zRvars, sadac igrZnob rom wonasworoba irRveva, gamoeride, wadi, datove iqauroba. es amad ar Rirs. ar arsebobs ambavi, romlisTvisac Rirs sikvdili," _ ambobs teri andersoni, romelic "asoSeited presis" beiruTis biuros xelmZRvanelobda da libanSi tyveobaSi 7 weli gaatara.

gadaadgilebis kontroli da SOS Rilaki Tu samoqalaqo pirobebSi Jurnalistze Tavdasxmis safrTxe didia konkretuli periodisTvis, magaliTad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is awarmoebs gansakuTrebiT rezonansuli saqmis gamoZiebas, an iseTis, romelSic kriminaluri dajgufefebi monawileoben, SesaZloa media organizaciam Jurnalists gamouyos piradi dacva. Jurnalstis, aseve misi sacxovrebeli adgilis kerZo dacvis mxridan meTvayureobis qveS ayvana mniSvnelovnad amcirebs Tavdasxmis risks.

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Tavdacvis da usafrTxoebis saSualebebi Jurnalistebma gadaadgilebis kontrolisTvis SeuZliaT Tan iqonion GPS TvalTvalis mowyobiloba, romelic Zviri ar aris da media organizaciebs maTi SeZena SeuZliaT internet maRaziebSi, Tavad mwarmoeblebisgan, an saqarTveloSi maTi importiori kompaniebisgan. mowyobiloba ar saWiroebs internets da mobilur kavSirs, is pirdapir ukavSirdeba satelits. Sesabamisad, aseTi mowyobilobis umetesobiT sargebloba ar aris fasiani. qveviT mocemulia bmulebi. pirvel mowyobilobas meoresgan gansxvavebiT, gaaCnia Rilaki, romelze daWerisas mowyobiloba satelituri kavSiris meSveobiT agzavnis Setyobinebas aTamde pirovnebasTan. aseTi mowyobiloba sakmaod pataraa da misi aRmoCena gatacebis dros SesaZloa didxans ver moxerxdes. mowyobiloba sakmaod xelmisawvdomia. maTi fasi 100-dan 400 dolaramde meryeobs mwarmoeblisa da specifikaciebis mixedviT.

Tanamedrove mobilur telefonebs, magaliTad "samsungs', "aifons", gaaCniaT SOS Rilaki, romelic mobiluri kavSiris gamoyenebiT avtomaturad agzavnis miTiTebul nomerze daxmarebis moTxovnis Sesaxeb informacias. aifonis programa FINDMYFRIENS damatebiT saSualebas aZlevs Tqvens megobrebs (apple programebiT mosargebles) daadginos Tqveni geografiuli adgilsamyofeli. kompaniebi, romlebic yidian specializirebul javSan-manqanebs.

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Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba monacemTa gadacemis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa media organizaciebma, satelituri satelefono kavSiris an internetTan wvdomis uzrunvelsayofad iseT adgilebSi mogzaurobisas, sadac adgilobrivi mobiluri kavSiri ar xorcieldeba, SeiZleba gamoiyenon satelituri kavSiris mowyobilobebi, rogoricaa TS2. es mowyobiloba gacilebiT usafrTxoa, radgan misi signalis TvalTvali ufro rTulia xolo saubrebis konfidencialuroba gacilebiT daculia.

kompaniis veb-gverdi: http://www.ts2.pl/en/Satellite-Internet/Georgia. saqarTveloSi mobiluri kompaniebi, saxelmwifo specsamsaxurebis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, axdenen saubrebis Caweras da SMS-ebis Senaxvas garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. mobiluri telefoniT konfidencialuri teqstobrivi Setyobinebebis gasagzavnad rekomendirebulia internetze bazirebuli aplikaciebis gamoyeneba, iseTis, rogoricaa:yahoo messenger, SKYPE, VIBER, iMessage. aseTi programebis monacemTa gadacemasTan wvdoma SedarebiT daxurulia, Tumca mainc SesaZlebelia.

CamoTvlili mobiluri programebiT sargeblobisTvis gaaqtiurebuli unda gqondeT mobiluri interneti. servisi fasiania, Tumca, teqtobrivi monacemebis am saxiT gadagzavna gacilebiT iafia, vidre standartuli mobiluri Setyobinebis servisiT sargebloba.

iuristis komentari: qarTuli kanonmdebloba ar aniWebs gansakuTrebul statuss pirs, romelic sargeblobs iaraRis tarebis uflebiT. Jurnalists, iseve rogorc sxva samoqalaqo pirebs, Sesabamisi nebarTvis Semdeg SeuZliaT ataron samoqalaqo an TavdacviTi iaraRi. iaraRis tarebis ufleba gaicema "iaraRis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Sesabamisad.

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Tavdacvis da usafrTxoebis saSualebebi moqmedebis gegma fizikuri safrTxeebis SemTxvevaSi 1. saprotesto aqciebis da quCis areulobebis gaSqebisas maqsimalurad aarideT Tavi movlenaTa epicentrSi moxvedras. gaxsovdeT, rom Jurnalistis mimarT agresia SeiZleba modiodes rogorc Zalovani uwyebebis warmomadgenlebis, aseve saprotesto aqciebis monawileTagan.

2. Tu mainc aRmoCndiT Tqvendami agresiulad ganwyobil garemoSi, saidanac Tavis daRweva SeuZlebelia, ecadeT pirovnul aspeqtebze gaamaxviloT yuradReba _ daelaparakeT maT, visganac agresia modis, rom aseTia Tqveni samuSao, rom piradad Tqveni ganwyoba mimdinare movlenebis mimarT neitraluria. Tu isini Tqven konkretul pirovnebad aRgiqvamen da ara abstraqtul Jurnalistad, es Tvqens mimarT agresiis xarisxs Seamcirebs.

3. Tu Zalovani uwyebebis warmomadgenlebi profesiul teqnikas garTmeven, winaaRmdegobas nu gauwevT. gaxsovdeT, kanoni Tqvens mxaresaa da SemdgomSi sasamarTloSi Civilisas kargi Sansi gaqvT, rom Sss-sagan kompensaciis miRebas miaRwioT _ amis precendentebi saqarTveloSi ukve iyo.

4. konfliqtur da ukontrolo teriotoriebze, aseve maT maxloblad gadaadgilebisas winaswar aucileblad SeiswavleT Tqveni marSruti, geografiuli garemo. SekribeT cnobebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan. miiReT usafrTxoebis sxvadasxva zomebi, romlebic detaluradaa aRwerili wina TavebSi. 5. nu ecdebiT gaqcevas, Tuki iaraRs gimizneben, radgan amiT cecxlis gaxsnis provocirebas moaxdenT. 6. Tu Tqvenze ganxorcielda Tvadasxma, aucileblad gaavrceleT amis Sesaxeb informacia TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi yvela arxebiT. faqtis damalva Tavdamsxmelebs gaaTamamebs da afiqrebinebs, rom maT kontrols qveS xarT da nebismier dros SeuZliaT nebismieri moTxovnebi wagiyenon.

7. uSualod Tavdasxmisas ecadeT TavdamsxmelebTad dakavSirebuli rac SeiZleba meti detali daimaxsovroT. es 61 61

Jurnalistis fizikuri usafrTxoeba SemdegSi policias maT moZebnasa da identificirebaSi daexmareba.

8. nu grcxveniaT sakuTari SiSis. SiSs yvela adamiani ganicdis da es is grZnobaa, romelzec TviTgadarCenis instiqtia damokidebuli. SiSis arqona metad iSviaTi movlenaa da fsiqologiur gadaxrad iTvleba.

9. sakuTari usafrTxoebis dasacavad Jurnalits ra Tqma unda aqvs iaraRis tarebis ufleba. magram und gaxsovdeT, rom Jurnalisti, romelic iaraRs atarebs, avtomaturad kargavs Jurnalistis statuss da masze aRar vrceldeba saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, romlebi saxelmwifos Jurnalistisa da misi uflebebis gansakuTrebulad dacvas avaldebulebs. gaxsovdeT, rom Jurnalistis erTaderTi Tavdacvis saSualeba misi profesiuli iaraRia: kalami, diqtofoni, foto da video kamera yuradRebiT SearCieT javSanJiletebi. maTi fasi damokidebulia imaze Tu sad unda gamoiyenoT is. magaliTad, quCis aqciebis gaSuqebisas gamoiyeneba javSanJileti, romlis fasi saSualod 300-500 dolaria. cecxlasroli iaraRisgan dasacavi Jileto Rirs saSualod 600-700 dolari, xolo samxedro konfliqtebis gaSuqebisas satarebeli Jiletis Rirebuleba aris 2000-3000 dolari.

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iuridiuli safrTxeebi iuridiuli safrTxeebi Tavi 3.1. ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba uCivlon Jurnalists sasamarTloSi avtori: zviad foCxua "kanonis debulebebi, romlebic ciliswamebas exeba, JurnalistebisTvis Zalze xelsayrelia" wyaro: erovnuli antikorufciuli sistemis analizi, 2011 weli. "saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaleoba _ saqarTvelo".

s

aerTaSoriso organizaciebis SefasebiT, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba icavs Jurnalistebs maT winaaRmdeg profesiul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli braldebebisgan, kerZod, udanaSaulobis mtkicebis tvirTisgan. Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebiT, bolo aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi arcerTi Jurnalistis mimarT ar gamotanila gamamtyunebeli gadawyvetileba im muxlebiT, romlebic xSirad gamoiyeneba JurnalistTa dasasjelad avtoritarul qveynebSi. aseT muxlebs Sorisaa ciliswameba da pativisa da Rirebis Selaxva. Jurnalistebis winaaRmdeg sxva muxlebi iyo gamoyenebuli. patimrobiT damTavrda Salva ramiSvilis, giorgi abdalaZis, vaxtang maisaias, irakli gedeniZis da zura qurcikiZes saqme. ciliswamebiT gasamarTlebis erTaderTi cnobili faqti saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis mimarT ukontrolo teritoriaze, afxazeTSi moxda. "liberalis" soxumeli avtori anton kriveniuki, 2009 wlis oqtomberSi ciliswamebis muxliT gaasamarTles. afxazeTis de faqto prezidentisa da Jurnalist anton kriveniukis sasamarTlo procesi sergei baRafSis sasargeblod dasrulda. es afxazeTis TviTgamocxadebuli respublikis istoriaSi pirveli SemTxveva iyo. mosamarTle daviT Caganavam gamoitana ganaCeni, romelic mTlianad daemTxva braldebis moTxovnebs. sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom anton kriveniukma erT-erT statiaSi cili daswama sergei baRafSs. Jurnalists miusajes pirobiTi sami weli, orwliani gamosacdeli vadiT. Jurnalisti Salva ramiSvils fulis gamoZalvis braldebiT 2006 wlis martSi gaasamarTles, xolo zemoT CamoTvlilTagan 63 63

iuridiuli safrTxeebi danarCenebs ucxo qveynebis specsamsaxurebTan TanamSromloba dasdes bralad. aqedan dRemde sapatimroSi imyofeba vaxtang maisaia.

Salva ramiSvilma oTxwliani sasjeli moixada da 2009 wlis agvistoSi gaTavisuflda. qurcikiZe, abdalaZe da gedeniZe aRiarebiTi Cvenebis safuZvelze, prokuraturasTan saproceso SeTanxmebiT gaaTavisufles. Jurnalistebs pirobiTi sasjeli miesajaT. ramiSvils brali ar uRiarebia.

SeniSvna: irakli gedeniZe dakavebis periodisTvis paralelurad muSaobda saxelmwifo struqturaSi fotografad, aseve TanamSromlobda ucxour fotosaagentoebTan. gia abdalaZe iricxeboda sagareo saqmeTa saministros uStato TanamSromlad. vaxtang maisaia wlebis ganmavlobaSi TanamSromlobda sxvadasxva gazeTebTan samxedro analitikosis rangSi. aqveynebda sxvadasxva statiebs politikur da samxedro Tematikaze.

2004-2008 wlebSi maisaia natoSi saqarTvelos misiaSi muSaobda, ufro adre _ sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi, ra drosac aqtiurad TanamSromlobda gazeTebTan. maisaia 2008 wlis agvistos omis dros, saidumlo informaciis ucxo qveynis specsamsaxurebTan dakavSirebuli pirebisTvis gadacemaSi daadanaSaules. is 2009 wlis 5 maiss daakaves, xolo sasamarTlom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 314-e muxlis pirveli da meore punqtebis darRvevisTvis 20 weli patimroba miusaja. maisaiam winaswari gamoZiebis dros aRiara braldeba, xolo sasamarTloze uaryo. sasamarTlo saqmeSi vaxtang maisaia ar moixsenieba rogorc Jurnalisti. misi dacva aseve ar iyo agebuli Jurnalistur saqmianobaze, ramac gaauaresa misi dacvis poziciebi. maisaias SemTxveva xazs usvams Jurnalistur da saxelmwifo an politikur saqmianobas Soris mkveTrad gamijvnis aucileblobas.

ra aris ciliswameba? "arsebiTad mcdari faqtis Semcveli da pirisTvis zianis mimyenebeli, misi saxelis gamtexi gancxadeba." wyaro: saqarTvelos kanoni "sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb", 2004 wlis 24 ivnisi, muxli 1. evrosabWosa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciiT, ciliswamebis muxli saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan amoiRebulia. es muxli dRes Setanilia "sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb" kanonSi, romelic mniSvnelovnad icavs

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rodis uCivian Jurnalists Jurnalists ciliswamebis braldebisgan. kanoni aseve icavs Jurnalists konfidencialuri informaciis wyaro gamxelisgan, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sasamarTlom SesaZloa mainc moiTxovos wyaros gamxela "dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebiT".

iuridiuli dacvis mTavari principebi yvelaze mTavari, rac unda gavxsovdes mediasTan dakavSirebul procesebSi, aris evropuli konvenciis samwverovani testi, _ miaCnia media eqsperts, iurists aleqsandre baramiZes (9). rogori sisxlis, administraciuli an samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi zomebic unda iqnes miRebuli mediis an calkeuli Jurnalistebis mier, iqneba es administraciuli organoebis Tu moxeleebis gadawyvetilebebi Tu qmedebebi, an sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, yovelTvis aseTi gaadwyvetilebebi an qmedebebi unda SevamowmoT samwverovani testis safuZvelze: iyo Tu ara gadawyvetileba an qmedeba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli; emsaxureboda Tu ara gadawyvetileba an qmedeba romelime legitimur mizans; iyo Tu ara es gadawyvetileba an qmedeba aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.

saidan SeiZleba elodos media Setevebs? pasuxia _ nebismieri mxridan. SuaSi dgoma yovelTvis saxifaToa, radgan Seteva yvela mxridan aris mosalodneli. upirveles yovlisa, media xelisuflebis mxridan unda elodos Setevebs. es Setevebi SeiZleba iyos sakanonmdeblo, administraciuli an marTlmsajulebiTi xasiaTis. yvelaze xSiria administraciuli xasiaTis Setevebi _ Jurnalistebi yvelaze xSirad policiis da sxva samarTaldmcavi organoebis Tavdasxmis obieqtebi xdebian. medias SeiZleba mouxdes kerZo pirebis saCivrebis an sarCelebis mogeriebac.

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iuridiuli safrTxeebi maregulirebeli organoebis aqtebi rogorc viciT, beWdviTi media specialur administraciul regulirebas ar eqvemdebareba, Tu saqme ar exeba raime zogad administraciul an sisxlis samarTlebriv kanonmdeblobas, romelsac media iseve eqvemdebareba, rogorc fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi saerTod. magram eleqtronuli media eqvemdebareba specialur regulirebas saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis mxridan. rodesac komisia axorcielebs administraciul warmoebas an/da Rebulobs samarTlebriv aqtebs, romelTa miRebis uflebamosilebac mas gaaCnia, yuradReba miaqcieT Semdeg sakiTxebs: ganxorcielda Tu ara administraciuli warmoeba im saproceso wesebis Sesabamisad, romlebsac adgens saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi, saqarTvelos kanoni "mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb", saqarTvelos kanoni "eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Sesaxeb", mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi, reglamenti "eleqtronuli komunikaciebis sferoSi momsaxurebis miwodebis wesebisa da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb", an sxva Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebi. swored iqna Tu ara gamoyenebuli aseT aqtebSi miTiTebuli materialur" samarTlebrivi normebi. isev da isev unda gvaxsovdes samwverovani testi da gansakuTrebiT is moTxovnebi, romlebsac evropuli konvencia uyenebs sityvas "kanoni~. yvela kanoni ar imsaxurebs imas, rom erqvas kanoni! diskriminaciis akrZalva maSinac ki, rodesac administraciuli organoebis moqmedebebi an gadawyvetilebebi formalurad sworia, unda SevamowmoT, es administraciuli organoebi icaven Tu ara kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis konstituciur da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis princips. rodesac policielebi da sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi Jurnalists arTmeven da umsxvreven kameras, scemen, akaveben da sxva; anda ar reagireben sxva pirebis mier

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maregulirebeli aqtebi maTze ganxorcielebul ukanono moqmedebebze, isini sCadian sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls. aseT qmedebebze saWiroa adeqvaturi pasuxis gacema _ gancxadebebis da saCivrebis Setana Sesabamis kompetentur samarTaldamcav organoebSi. rogor davicvaT Tavi ciliswamebis sarCelebisgan gvaxsovdes is uzarmazari privilegiebi, prezumpciebi da dacvis sxva meqanizmebi, romlebsac gvTavazobs kanoni "sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb". maTgan Tundac romelimes gamoyeneba ciliswamebis sarCels dausabuTebels an usafuZvlos xdis. mauwyeblobis mediis damatebiTi dacvis saSualeba rodesac saqme mauwyeblobis medias exeba, gvaxsovdes, Tu raoden efeqtur meqanizms sTavazobs aseT medias kanoni •mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb". kerZod, pirs ar SeuZlia sasamarTloSi an komisiaSi gaasaCivros mauwyeblis mier gadacemuli produqcia mTel rig Zalze mniSvnelovan sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric aris jerovani sizuste Tu sxva. kanonis es norma usamarTloa da albaT arakonstituciuric, magram is ZalaSia. gamoiyeneT, sanam SegiZliaT. [9] kanonis ZiriTadi muxlebi romlebic unda icodnen Jurnalistebma muxli 7. mtkicebulebis standarti da tvirTi 6. sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisas mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba SezRudvis iniciators. yovelgvari eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sawinaaRmdegod.

7. dauSvebelia, sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis saqmeze mopasuxis uari "gaamxilos profesiuli saidumloeba an misi wyaro " gaxdes mopasuxis sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebis gamotanis erTaderTi safuZveli.

Tavi II SezRudvis safuZveli da wesi muxli 8. sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis safuZvlebi 1 am kanoniT aRiarebuli da daculi uflebebis nebismieri SezRudva 67 67

iuridiuli safrTxeebi SeiZleba dawesdes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es gaTvaliswinebulia naTeli da ganWvretadi, viwrod mizanmimarTuli kanoniT da SezRudviT daculi sikeTe aRemateba SezRudviT miyenebul zians. muxli 6. sasamarTlo garantiebi 1. pirs ufleba aqvs sarCeliT mimarTos sasamarTlos am kanoniT aRiarebuli da daculi uflebebis xelyofis Tavidan acilebis an aRkveTis, agreTve ukanono zemoqmedebisa da Carevis Sedegad darRveuli uflebis aRdgenis moTxovniT. 2. mediaSi Jurnalistis mier gamoqveynebul ciliswamebasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo davisas mopasuxea mediis mesakuTre. 3. ciliswamebis Taobaze sasamarTlo davis sagani ar SeiZleba iyos iseTi gancxadeba, romelic exeba pirTa ganusazRvrel jgufs an/da romelSic mosarCele ar aris erTmniSvnelovnad identificirebuli.

4. ciliswamebis Taobaze sasamarTlo dava ar SeiZleba exebodes gardacvlili piris, saxelmwifo an administraciuli organos piradi araqonebrivi uflebebis dacvas.

5. ciliswamebis Taobaze sasamarTlo davisas arasaTanado mopasuxea piri, romelic ar aris gancxadebis avtori an redaqtori, an piri, romelmac teqnikurad uzrunvelyo gancxadebis gavrceleba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca is aSkarad da pirdapir uWers mxars gancxadebas.

6. ciliswamebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo davisas sasamarTlo iRebs zomebs mxareTa mosarigeblad. mas ufleba aqvs gadados saqmis ganxilva da morigebisaTvis daniSnos vada, romelic ar unda aRematebodes 1 Tves. muxli 7. mtkicebulebis standarti da tvirTi 1. am kanoniT aRiarebuli da daculi uflebebis nebismieri SezRudva unda emyarebodes utyuar mtkicebulebebs.

2. am kanoniT aRiarebuli da daculi uflebebis SezRudvisas yovelgvari eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes am uflebebis SezRudvis sawinaaRmdegod.

3. kerZo an sajaro piris statusis miniWebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas yovelgvari gonivruli eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes pirisaTvis sajaro piris statusis miniWebis sasargeblod.

4. sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis an cnobismoyvareobis statusis miniWebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas yovelgvari gonivruli eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes

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maregulirebeli aqtebi movlenisaTvis sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis statusis miniWebis sasargeblod.

5. azris an faqtis statusis miniWebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas yovelgvari gonivruli eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes gancxadebaSi moyvanili cnobebisaTvis azris statusis miniWebis sasargeblod.

6. sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisas mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba SezRudvis iniciators. yovelgvari eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sawinaaRmdegod.

7. dauSvebelia, sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis saqmeze mopasuxis uari "gaamxilos profesiuli saidumloeba an misi wyaro" gaxdes mopasuxis sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebis gamotanis erTaderTi safuZveli.

Tavi III saidumloebis dacva muxli 11. profesiuli saidumloebisa da misi wyaros dacva 1. profesiuli saidumloebis wyaro daculia absoluturi privilegiiT da aravis ar aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos am wyaros gamxela. sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo davisas mopasuxes ar SeiZleba daekisros konfidencialuri informaciis wyaros gamxelis valdebuleba.

2. dauSvebelia konfidencialuri informaciis gamxela TviT misi mflobelis Tanxmobis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sasamarTlos dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gareSe. 3. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gamoitanos mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCineba konfidencialuri informaciis mxolod im nawilis gamxelasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis gamxelis aucileblobac damtkicda.

4. gamxeliT miRebuli konfidencialuri informacia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod im mizniT, romlisTvisac moxda misi gamxela. muxli 12. pasuxismgebloba saidumloebis gamxelisaTvis 1. piri pasuxs agebs mxolod im saidumloebis gamxelisaTvis, romlis dacvac mas evaleba samsaxurebrivad an samoqalaqo garigebiT da romlis gamxela aSkara, pirdapir da arsebiT safrTxes uqmnis kanoniT 69 69

iuridiuli safrTxeebi dacul sikeTeebs.

2. piri Tavisufldeba pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu saidumloebis gamxela miznad isaxavda sazogadoebis kanonieri interesebis dacvas da daculi sikeTe aRemateba miyenebul zians.

3. kerZo cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobisa da piradi saidumloebis dacvis motiviT ar SeiZleba SeizRudos gamoxatvis Tavisufleba im movlenasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis codnac aucilebelia adamianisaTvis demokratiul saxelmwifoSi sazogadoebrivi TviTmmarTvelobis gansaxorcieleblad.

4. pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos am muxlis pirveli da me-2 punqtebiT daculi uflebebis xelyofiT miyenebuli qonebrivi da araqonebrivi (moraluri) zianis anazRaureba.

Tavi IV ciliswameba muxli 13. kerZo piris ciliswameba pirs ekisreba samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba kerZo piris ciliswamebisaTvis, Tu mosarCele sasamarTloSi daamtkicebs, rom mopasuxis gancxadeba Seicavs arsebiTad mcdar faqts uSualod mosarCelis Sesaxeb da am gancxadebiT mosarCeles ziani miadga. muxli 14. sajaro piris ciliswameba pirs ekisreba samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba sajaro piris ciliswamebisaTvis, Tu mosarCele sasamarTloSi daamtkicebs, rom mopasuxis gancxadeba Seicavs arsebiTad mcdar faqts uSualod mosarCelis Sesaxeb, am gancxadebiT mosarCeles ziani miadga da gancxadebuli faqtis mcdaroba mopasuxisaTvis winaswar iyo cnobili an mopasuxem gamoiCina aSkara da uxeSi daudevroba, ramac gamoiwvia arsebiTad mcdari faqtis Semcveli gancxadebis gavrceleba. muxli 15. kvalificiuri privilegia ciliswamebisaTvis pirs eniWeba kvalificiuri privilegia arsebiTad mcdari faqtis Semcveli gancxadebisaTvis, Tu: a) man miiRo gonivruli zomebi faqtis sisworis gadasamowmeblad, magram ver SeZlo Secdomis Tavidan acileba da gaatara qmediTi RonisZiebebi ciliswamebiT dazianebuli piris reputaciis aRsadgenad;

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maregulirebeli aqtebi b) igi miznad isaxavda sazogadoebis kanonieri interesebis dacvas da daculi sikeTe aRemateba miyenebul zians; g) man gancxadeba gaakeTa mosarCelis TanxmobiT; d) misi gancxadeba warmoadgenda mosarCelis mier mis winaaRmdeg gakeTebul gancxadebaze Tanazomier pasuxs; e) misi gancxadeba warmoadgenda samarTlian da zust reportaJs im movlenasTan dakavSirebiT, romliskenac mimarTulia sazogadoebrivi yuradReba. muxli 16. ciliswamebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis farglebi pirs ciliswamebisaTvis ar ekisreba pasuxismgebloba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man ar icoda da arc SeiZleboda scodnoda, rom ciliswamebas avrcelebda. muxli 17. ciliswamebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba 1. ciliswamebasTan dakavSirebiT mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros sasamarTlos mier dadgenili formiT cnobis gamoqveyneba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb.

2. dauSvebelia mopasuxis iZuleba, moixados bodiSi. 3. Tu mopasuxe kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi ganaxorcielebs Sesworebas an uaryofas, magram Sesworebis an uaryofis gamoqveyneba ar aris sakmarisi ciliswamebiT mosarCelisaTvis miyenebuli zianis jerovani anazRaurebisaTvis, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros mosarCelisaTvis miyenebuli qonebrivi an/da araqonebrivi (moraluri) zianis anazRaureba.

iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): nebismier davasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalisti sargeblobdes kvalificiuri iuristis samarTlebrivi daxmarebiT. Jurnalistma ar unda aagos sakuTari masala Worze, an iseT informaciaze, romelic ar efuZneba realur faqtebs. sasurvelia Jurnalistur masalas, romelic aSkara braldebebs Seicavs gaecnos redaqciis iuristi. Tu masala dausabutebel mtkicebulebebs an braldebeb Seicavs, informacia unda gadamowmdes, raTa gamoiricxos ciliswamebaSi dadanaSauleba. sasamarTloSi dava Jurnalistis winaaRmdeg SesaZloa ramodenime 71 71

iuridiuli safrTxeebi safuZvliT iqnes wamowyebuli. aseTi SeiZleba iyos ciliswameba, saqmiani reputaciis, saxelis uflebis, pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxva da sxva.ciliswameba es aris arsebiTad mcdari faqtis Semcveli da pirisTvis zianis mimyenebeli, misi saxelis gamtexi gancxadeba. ciliswamebam-mcdari faqtebis gavrcelebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios pirovnebis mniSvnelobis daknineba sazogadoebaSi _ pativis Selaxva, TviTSefasebis, sakuTari sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis Semcireba _ Rirsebis Selaxva an saqmiani reputaciis daknineba, rac gulisxmobs sazogadoebis mier piris profesiuli Tu sxva saqmiani Tvisebebis Sefasebis dakninebas. ciliswamebis Sesaxeb sarCeli sasamarTloSi wardgenili unda iqnes 100 dRis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac piri gaecno an SeeZlo, rom gascnoboda gancxadebas.

Tavi 3.2. satelefono mosmenebi

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iradi monacemebis usafrTxoeba problemas warmoadgens umetes sainformacio saagentosa da media organizaciaSi. konfidencialuri informacia igzavneba regularuli satelefono gziT, mokle teqsturi SetyobinebiT, eleqtronuli fostiT. kompiuteruli da satelefono usafrTxoebas ar aswavlian Jurnalistebs arc-erT qarTul universitetSi. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi xSirad mimarTaven Jurnalistebs wyaros gamxelis moTxovniT. Tumca, Tanamedrove teqnologiebi saSualebas aZleven specsamsaxurebs damoukideblad miiRon piradi informacia. umetes SemtxvevebSi, Jurnalistebi maTi satelefono saubris mosmenis Sesaxeb mxolod misi gaxmaurebis Semdeg gebuloben.

Jurnalistis mosmenis mizani umetes wilad konfidencialuri informaciisa da misi wyaros gagebaa. sxva SemTxvevaSi informacia SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos Jurnalistis komprometirebisTvis, daSinebi an daSantaJebisTvis. "imedis" Jurnalistebis satelefono mosmena 2007 wels, Jurnalistebis sofo Waavasa da eka qadagiSvilis satelefono saubari erT-erTi saredaqcio Sexvedris Sesaxeb prokuraturam aw gardaclili miliarderis, badri patarkaciSvilis

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satelefono mosmenebi, TvalTvali mier, telekompania "imedis" saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdelobis iaraRad gamoyenebis mtkicebulebad scno. gamoqveynda telekompaniis Jurnalist giorgi TargamaZisa da patarkaciSvilis satelefono saubris Canaweric.

2011 wlis bolos saparlamento sxdomaze "operatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb" kanonSi damateba Sevida - specsamsaxurebs ufleba miecaT, teqnikuri mizanSewonilobis gaTvaliswinebiT ganaxorcielon kavSirgabmulobis arxSi arsebuli monacemTa bazis kopireba. es faqtebi mowmobs, rom JurnalistTa satelefono saubrebis mosmena xorcieldeboda da dRemde xorcieldeba. samxedro sakiTxebSi eqspert irakli aladaSvilis gancxadebiT, saqarTveloSi funqcionirebs msoflioSi erT-erTi saukeTeso specaparatura, romlis saSualebiT ara marto mobiluri telefonebiT saubrebis Caweraa SesaZlebeli, aramed lodinis reJimSi myof mobilur telefonze mikrofonis distanciurad CarTva da imis mosmena, rac telefonis siaxloves xdeba. mobiluri kavSiris operatori kompaniebi mokle teqstur Setyobinebebs aseve satelefono saubrebis Canawerebs ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi inaxaven. zog SemTxvevaSi calkeul pirTa saubrebi inaxeba ganusazRvreli vadiT. rogor davadginoT xorcieldeba Tu ara mosmena, an faruli video gadaReba? faruli audio an video TvalTvalisTvis ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba iseTi mowyobilobebi, romlebic informacias garkveuli sixSiriT, talRebiT gadascemen. aseTi mowyobilobebis aRmoCena advilad aris SesaZlebeli specialuri aparatiT (BUG DETECTOR), romelic sakmaod iafad SegiZliaT SeiZinoT onlain maRaziebSi. maTi fasi 100dan 300 dolaramde meryeobs. mosasmeni aparaturis aRmoCenisTvis aseve SegiZliaT mimarToT im dacvis samsaxurs, romelsac Tqven endobiT. gaiTvaliswineT, rom usafrTxebis samsaxurebi eqvemdebarebian policias, kanonis "kerZo dacviTi samsaxurebis Sesaxeb" Sesabamisad. kanonis Tanaxmad, dacviTi saqmianobis gegma samarTaldamcavi organoebisaTvis xelmisawvdomia mxolod saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi. qveviT mocemulia usafrTxoebis kerZo samsaxurebis rCevebi, romlebic dagexmarebaT daadginoT ismineba Tu ara Tqveni mobiluri telefoni: 73 73

riskis qveS Tu Tqveni telefonis elementi gacilebiT ufro male ixarjeba, vidre adre, es mosmenis niSania. mobiluri telefoni SesaZloa gamorTul mdgomareobaSic gadascemdes xmovan signals d amisTvis iyenebdes elementis energias.

Tu Tqvens nomerze moulodnelad gaxSirda SecdomiTi zarebi, an teqsturi Setyobinebebi, es sakmarisi mizezia gamoiCinoT yuradReba da SecvaloT nomeri da telefoni.

Tu Tqveni telefonis siaxloves arsebuli radio an televizori umizezod reagirebs telefonis gamosxivebaze maSinac ki, Tu zari ar Semodis da arc teqsturi Setyobineba igzavneba, esec faruli mosmenis niSania. rekomendaciebi ar moaxdinoT Tqveni identificireba mobiluri baraTis SeZenisas. isargebleT sasaCuqre baraTiT, an iseTi baraTebiT, romelTa sargeblobisTvis saWiro araa registrireba mobiluri kavSiris operatorTan. ar isaubroT telefoniT iseT Temebze, romlebmac SesaZloa gaTqvan Tqveni saidumlo. konfidencialur Temaze saubris win srulad gamorTeT mobiluri telefoni, an gadadeT sxva oTaxSi. mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobisas gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni saubari aseve informacia konkretuli zaris periodSi Tqveni adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb inaxeba da is SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iyos Tqveni an Tqveni informatoris dadgenis mizniT. telefonebi romlebsac ar aqvT paroli daucvelia. momxmareblis 22% kargavs telefons, aqedan 70%-s ar aqvs paroli. usafrTxoebis mizniT nu CaerTvebiT ufaso WI-FI zonaSi Tqveni smartfoniT, radgan aseT zonebs SesaZloa specsamsaxurebi iyenebdnen piradi informaciis Sesagroveblad.

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satelefono mosmenebi, TvalTvali iuristis rCevebi: operatiul-samZebro RonisZieba, romelic droebiT zRudavs pirovnebis piradi cxovrebis, mimoweris, satelefono saubris da satelegrafo SetyobinebaTa saidumloebas, gamoiyeneba mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT. Tu Jurnalisti miiCnevs, rom mas uTvalTvaleben da SesaZlebelia TvalTvali ganxorcieldes aramxolod samarTaldamcavi organos warmomadgenelis aramed kerZo piri mier. mniSvnelovania, rom moxdes sifrTxilis zomebis miReba, Setyobinebis gakeTeba da faqtebis gasajaroeba. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba ar aris absoluturi ufleba. is SeiZleba SeizRudos mxolod da mxolod kanoniT zustad gansazRvrul SemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, SezRudva dasaSvebia Tu: 1. aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, teritorialuri mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad; 2. danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad; 3 sxvaTa uflebebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad; 4. konfidencialurad aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad; 5. sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelsayofad. rac Seexeba uSualod Cxrekis Catarebas telekompaniis ofisSi regulirdeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis specialuri muxliT (muxli 123. Cxreka, amoReba da dayadaReba masmediis, gamomcemlobis redaqciaSi, samecniero, saganmanaTleblo, religiuri, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis da politikuri partiebis saTavsebSi) miTiTebuli normis Tanaxmad: 1. dauSvebelia masmediis, gamomcemlobis redaqciaSi, samecniero, saganmanaTleblo, religiur, sazogadoebriv organizaciasa da politikuri partiis saTavsSi arsebuli im sagnis, dokumentis, nivTierebis Tu informaciis Semcveli sxva samecniero, saganmanaTleblo obieqtis Cxreka, amoReba an/da dayadaReba, romlis mimarTac arsebobs sajarod gavrcelebis gonivruli molodini.

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iuridiuli safrTxeebi 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli akrZalva ar vrceldeba im SemTxvevaze, rodesac arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom amosaRebi sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba Tu informaciis Semcveli sxva obieqti danaSaulis sagani an iaraRia. 3. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gamoitanos ganCineba Cxrekis, amoRebis an/da dayadaRebis Sesaxeb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs aSkara da damajerebeli dasabuTeba, rom aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba ar gamoiwvevs saqarTvelos konstituciiT daculi sityvis, azris, sindisis Tavisuflebis, aRmsareblobis, rwmenis an gaerTianebis uflebis xelyofas. es sagamoZiebo moqmedeba unda Catardes efeqtiani da am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa yvelaze minimalurad SemzRudveli formiT.

Tavi 3.4. Jurnalistis dapatimreba

s

aqarTveloSi Jurnalistis dapatimreba ZiriTadad saprotesto aqciebisa da saxalxo mRelvarebebis gaSuqebis dros xdeba. Jurnalistebs ramdenime dRiT akaveben da profesiul aparaturas arTmeven. aseTi SemTxvevebi yovelTvis Jurnalistis gaTavisuflebiT mTavrdeba. zog SemTxvevaSi aparatura Jurnalistebs ar ubrundebaT, kerZod maSin, Tu Jurnalisti ver axdens imis damtkicebas, rom mas dakavebis dros Tan hqonda aparatura.

JurnalistTa dakaveba TiTqmis yovelTvis rezonansuli movlenaa. JurnalistTa dakavebis saqmeebze monitorings axorcieleben qveyanaSi moqmedi saelCoebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, maT Soris evrokavSiris da gaeros warmomadgenloba. am SemTxvevaSi Zalian mniSvnelovani Jurnalisturi solidaroba da media/adamianis uflebaTa damcveli organizaciebis aqtiuroba.

2011 wlis 30 maiss, policiam sacxovrebel saxlTan daakava da Tbilisis policiis sammarTveloSi dakiTxvaze waiyvana studia "jienesis" Jurnalisti zviad TxeliZe, romlis dakavebis mizezi gaxda misi gvaris aRmoCena "saxalxo krebis" "SeficulTa razmis" siaSi. Jurnalisti maleve gaaTavisufles misi kolegebis, studia "jienesis" Jurnalistebis mier atexili xmauris gamo. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, rogorc zviad TxeliZem "radio Tavisuflebas" uTxra, mas ueWevlad daapatimrebdnen miuxedavad imisa, rom igi am razmis wevri ar yofila. internetgamocema media.ji-s redaqtori daviT mWedliZe, ro-

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Jurnalistis dapatimreba melic daavebuli iyo policiis mier, ambobs, rom dakavebisTanave Jurnalistma pirvel rigSi policiels pres-baraTiunda aCvenos da Seecados misi keTilganwyobis mopovebas. "ukeTesia Tu Tan gaqvs piradobis mowmoba da sakuTari iniciativiT aCveneb. es fsiqologiurad moqmedebs samarTaldamcvelebze da zogjer Sendami dadebiTad ganawyobs. ar SeekamaTo, ubralod mSvidad auxseni, rom profesiul movaleobas asruleb. ukeTesia, Tu moiyvan kanonis an konstituciis im muxls, romelic Sens saqmianobas icavs. es zogjer Wris da kargad muSaobs. "pres-baraTze ukan aucileblad unda iyos amonaridi kanonis im muxlidan, romelic sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas exeba. zogjer amis Cvenebac Wris. Tu gCxreken, ar gauwio winaaRmdegoba, ubralod, policiels mosTxove warmoadginos Tavisi mowmoba, an gvari da saxeli, aseve is ganyofileba an departamenti, sadac is muSaobs~.

iuristis rCevebi: Jurnalists dakavebis momentSi an, Tu dakaveba ar xdeba, braldebulad cnobisTanave, dauyovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win unda ecnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, rom yvelaferi, rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli, da ufleba, dapatimrebisas, xolo dakavebisas - misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi miyvanisTanave miiRos ufaso samedicino Semowmeba. nebismieri piri unda iyos Tavisufali, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu dadasturda misi dapatimrebis aucilebloba. mniSvnelovania, rom JurnalistisaTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis TiToeul SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifom daasabuTos dacul uflebaSi Carevis aucilebloba. moqmedebis gegma iuridiuli safrTxeebi SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistze, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos nebismier moqalaqeze vrceldeba saqarTvelos kanoni. Jurnalisti valdebulia pativi sces mas da ar Caidinos kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebi. nu SexvalT axlo urTierTobaSi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan: 77 77

iuridiuli safrTxeebi fotografebis saqme aCvenebs, rom Jurnalistebis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni bolo aTwleulSi mxolod SpionaJSi dadanaSaulebiT iyo gamotanili. Sesabamisad, riskis jgufSi ufro is Jurnalistebi eqcevian, romlebic samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare TanamSromloben an axlo urTierTobaSi imyofebian xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan da xeli miuwvdebaT makomprometirebel an saidumlo informaciaze. aseTi Jurnalistebis mimarT msgavsi braldebis wayenebis albaToba ufro maRalia. jaSuSobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebi umetes wilad daxurulad ganixileba. fotografebis saqme prokuraturasTan saproceso garigebiT dasrulda, romelic sasamarTlom daamtkica. SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, Jurnalistebs aekrZalaT maT saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informaciis gavrceleba. aman SezRuda maTi Jurnalisturi saqmianoba. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg, abdalaZem ganacxada, rom misi Jurnalisturi kariera dasrulda da is ver imuSavebs politikuri movlenebis gaSuqebaze. gaTavisuflebaSi mniSvnelovni roli iTamaSa mediis solidarobam da saerTaSoriso Jurnalisturi da uflebadacveli organizaciebis Carevam. amitom Jurnalistebma, romlebic SesaZloa msgavsi dadanaSaulebis obieqtad iqcnen, maqsimalurad unda gamoiyenon es iaraRi. Jurnalistis politikuri aqtiurobis maRali xarisxi aseve zrdis Jurnalistis mimarT samarTlebrivi devnis albaTobas. am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistis imuniteti ver icavs pirovnebas, iseve rogorc iaraRis tareba ukargavs Jurnalists saerTaSoriso konvenciebis mfarvelobas. iyaviT obieqturi da keTilsindisieri: nu moaxdenT sakuTari reputaciis komprometirebas mikerZoebuli qmedebebiT da arobieqturobiT. Jurnalistis arakeTilsindisiereba amcirebs imis Sanss, rom mas, sazogadoeba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mas mxars dauWers.

Sesabamisad, Jurnalistis dacva kidev ufro garTuldeba. gaemijneT politikur interesebs: calkeuli politikuri jgufisadmi gamoxatuli simpatia iwvevs mowinaaRmdege mxaris provocirebas. gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac Jurnalisti antisaxelisuflo moZraobasTan pirdapir asocirdeba. msgavs konteqstSi SeiZleba ganixilebodes gazeT "jorjian Taimsis" gamomcemlis malxaz

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Jurnalistis dapatimreba gulaSvilis saqme. igi sazRvris ukanono darRvevis gamo daapatimres. misi TqmiT, saqarTvelo man piradi usafrTxoebis gamo datova. im droisTvis is ukve aqtiurad monawileobda sazogadoebriv-politikur moZraobaSi, Tumca Tavad uaryofda politikur ambiciebs. gaiTvaliswineT: •

SpionaJTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebs adevs grifi "saidumlod" da daxurulia sazogadoebisgan

•

SpionaJSi dadanaSauleba zrdis JurnalistisTvis gamamtyunebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis albaTobas da imis risks, rom sazogadoeba ver moaxdens Jurnalistis saTanadod dacvas.

•

Jurnalistma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom Jurnalisturi saqmianobis paralelurad, saxelmwifo struqturebSi muSaoba zrdis misi sisxlis samarTlis devnis da komprometirebis albaTobas.

•

mkafiod moaxdineT Tqveni Jurnalisturi saqmianobis identificireba imisTvis, rom Tqvenze gavrceldes "Jurnalistis imuniteti".

•

mkafiod gaavleT zRvari Tqvens Jurnalistur saqmianobasa da politikur ativobas Soris.

•

informacia moipoveT mxolod kanonieri gziT, imisTvis, rom gamoricxoT Tqveni dadanaSauleba kanonis darRvevaSi. gaiTvaliswineT, rom dokumentebis konfidencialurobas, romlebic inaxeba grifiT "saidumlo", icavs kanoni.

•

yovelTvis gadaamowmeT mopovebuli informaciis siswore, raTa brali ar dagdon ciliswamebaSi

•

gansakuTrebiT sifrTxile gmarTebT uCveulo movlenebis an garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi, radgan es SeiZleba Tqvens winaaRmdeg gamiznulad dadgmuli provokacia iyos. arasodes miiRoT monawileoba iseT finansur garigebebSi, romlebic scdeba Tqvens profesiul movaleobebs da SesaZloa iyos TqvenTvis dadgmuli xafangi.

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iuridiuli safrTxeebi nu miiRebT saCuqrebs Tanamdebobis pirebisgan, radgan, arsebobs riski, rom Tqven SantaJSi an fulis gamoZalvaSi dagadanaSaulon. nu gamoaqveynebT socialur qselebSi iseT informacias, romelic SesaZloa Tqvens mimarT samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis safuZveli gaxdes. mWidro urTierToba SeinarCuneT Jurnalistur asociaciebTan, adgilobriv da ucxour uflebadamcvel organizaciebTan, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saTanado mxardaWera miiRoT. mWidro urTierToba iqonieT kolegebTan, maT Soris konkurent media organizaciebSi momuSave pirebTan, radgan swored maTi mxardaWera SeiZleba gaxdes Tqveni dacvis mTavari iaraRi. gaarkvieT, Tu vin uzrunvelyofs Tqvens iuridiul dacvas samarTlebrivi devnis SemTxvevaSi. mosTxoveT Tqvens damqiravebels gagiformoT kontraqti, sadac igi aiRebs valdebulebas uzrunvelyos Tqveni iuridiuli dacva im saqmesTan mimarTebaSi, romelic pirdapir an iribad ukavSirdeba Tqvens Jurnalistur saqmianobas. mudmivad Tan iqonieT (telefonSi an bloknotSi) redaqciis mier daniSnuli advokatis, an Tqveni piradi advokatis nomeri, romelsac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saswrafod gamoiZaxebT. yovelTvis saqmis kursSi amyofeT Tqveni uSualo xelmZRvaneli da redaqtori Tqveni saqmianobis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. yovelTvis SeinaxeT iseTi Canawerebi, romlebic Tqveni iuridiuli dacvisTvis SeiZleba gamogadgeT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTlo ar aRiarebs audio-Canawers iuridiul mtkicebulebad, maTi arseboba mniSvnelovania sazogadoebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad da saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris mosapoveblad.

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dapatimreba

patimrobidan gaTavisuflebuli fotoreportiorebi toveben cixis Senobas

nawili 4.

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ekonomiuri safrTxeebi ekonomikuri safrTxeebi Tavi 4.1 xSiri da dausrulebeli finansuri Semowmebebi avtori: geno joxiZe nebismieri mediasaSualeba SesaZloa aRmoCndes sagadasaxado wnexis qveS. arsebobs Tu ara raime prevenciuli zoma, rom Tavidan aviciloT msgavsi safrTxe? ra Tqma unda aseTi SemTxvevebis dros pirvel rigSi zaraldebian Jurnalistebi, radgan maT ara marto xeli eSlebaT muSaobaSi, aramed arsebobs potenciuri safrTxe imisa, rom isini umuSevrebi darCnen. msgavsi Semowmebebis dasrulebis Semdeg, arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom mTlianad Tu ara, droebiT daixuros esa Tu is mediasaSualeba. arsebobs Tu raime meqanizmi, romelic xels SeuSlis, an droebiT Seaferxebs mainc ama Tu im mediakompaniis mimarT msgavsi gadawyvetilebebis gamotanas? bolo drois yvelaze gaxmaurebuli msgavsi SemTxveva saqarTveloSi 2011 wlis noemberSi moxda, roca qveyanaSi yvelaze msxvil media holding "palitra mediaSi" sagadasaxado revizia Sevida. aragegmiuri sagadasaxado revizia "palitra mediis" 6 organizaciaSi erTdroulad daiwyo da TiTqmis naxevar wels gagrZelda. Semowmebis Sedegad ZiriTadad, sabuRaltro dokumentaciis warmoebisas daSvebuli umniSvnelo teqnikuri an meqanikuri cdomilebebi gamovlinda. nugzar lekiaSvili, "palitra mediis" Sida auditis menejeri: "daricxvebi, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia sabuRaltro dokumentaciis warmoebisas daSvebuli meqanikuri SecdomebiT. rodesac kompaniebs didi da mravalferovani brunvebi aqvT, Secdomebis daSveba monacemebis aRricxvisas bunebrivi procesia'. 'media palitris' kreatiuli direqtoris marika darCias gancxadebiT, makontrolirebel organoebs sxvadasxva dros rom moexdinaT calkeuli struqturebis Semowmeba, es eWvebs ar gamoiwvevda; 'aseTi gegmazomieri Tavdasxma garkveul kiTxvis niSnebs aCens", _ aRniSna darCiam: "masStaburi Semowmebis process 27 revizori atarebda. ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi isini "palitra mediis" ofisSi detalurad

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xSiri finansuri Semowmebebi swavlobdnen sabuRaltro dokumentebs, atarebdnen moqmedi da yofili TanamSromlebis jvaredin gasaubreba-dakiTxvebs, informaciis gadamowmebis mizniT, Cveni partniorebisgan iTxovdnen dokumentacias, raTa arsebulTan SeedarebinaT da levan samxaraulis erovnuli eqspertizis biuros TanamSromlebic ki daixmares stamba "kolorSi~ samuSao procesze dasakvirveblad.

"20 seqtembers, cnobili gaxda, rom Semosavlebis samsaxurma "media palitris~ eqvs organizaciaSi finansuri Semowmeba ganusazRvreli vadiT SeaCera. manamde orjer TiTo TviT gaxangrZlivebuli finansuri auditis bolo vada ramdenime dReSi, 29 seqtembers iwureboda. redaqcia eloda, rom Semosavlebis samsaxuri am droisTvis reviziis Sedegebs warmoadgenda, Tumca Semowmebis procesi dasrulebis nacvlad uvadod "miaZines~.

"Semowmebis dawyebidan 190-e da misi SeCerebidan 89-e dRes, Semosavlebis samsaxurma "media palitris~ eqvsive Semowmebul organizaciaSi sagadasaxado Semowmebis Sualeduri aqtebi warmoadgina. am aqtebis Tanaxmad Sps "poligrafiul masalebs~ biujetis sasargeblod 4 400 laris, Sps "j.e.p.~-s _ 10 716 laris, presis gavrcelebis samsaxur "elvaserviss~ _ 8.357 laris, wignebis maRaziaTa qsel "bibluss~ - 36 053, stamba "kolors~ 13 677 da wignis gamomcemloba "palitra el~-s 8 867 laris gadaxda daekisraT. sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad, Semowmebis SeCereba ganusazRvreli vadiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, Tu dawyebuli sagadasaxado Semowmeba ver xerxdeba dauZleveli Zalis an sxva garemoebebis gamo. Tumca brZanebaSi, romelic Semowmebis vadis SeCerebas iuwyeba, Semosavlebis samsaxuris auditis departamentis xelmZRvanels, roman Cxenkels ar ganumartavs, Tu ra mizeziT ver xerxdeba reviziis dasruleba "media palitris~ romelime erT organizaciaSi mainc. kanonis Tanaxmad, finansuri Semowmebis vadis gaxangrZliveba uflebamosil pirs mxolod orjer, TiTo TviT aqvs. Sesabamisad, konkretul organizaciaSi auditi SesaZloa mxolod sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldes, magram kanoniT, imave uflebamosil pirs SeuZlia brZanebis safuZvelze Semowmeba vadis amowurvamde SeaCeros, xolo brZanebiT gansazRvruli darCenili vada nebismier dros gamoiyenos.

"Tu dawyebuli sagadasaxado Semowmebis gagrZeleba ver xerxdeba dauZleveli Zalis an sxva garemoebis gamo, sagadasaxado organos uflebamosili piri iRebs gadawyvetilebas sagadasaxado Semowmebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb~, _ naTqvamia sagadasaxado kodeqsis 264-e muxlis 83 83

ekonomiuri safrTxeebi me-9 punqtSi. amonaridi saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsidan, romelic uSualod exeba sagadasaxado Semowmebebs _ misi codna gaadvilebs momavalSi urTierTobebs adamianebTan, romlebic uSualod iqnebian CarTuli msgavs SemowmebebTan: Tavi XXXVIII sagadasaxado Semowmeba muxli 262. sagadasaxado Semowmebis saxeebi sagadasaxado Semowmeba SeiZleba iyos kameraluri da gasvliTi. muxli 263. kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmeba 1 kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmeba tardeba sagadasaxado organos uflebamosili piris brZanebis safuZvelze, am brZanebiT gansazRvrul konkretul sakiTxze.

2 kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmebis Catarebisas sagadasaxado organos ufleba aqvs, am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT moiTxovos saaRricxvo dokumentaciis an/da dabegvrasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis wardgena.

3 kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmeba tardeba piris saqmianobis adgilze gausvlelad, sagadasaxado organoSi arsebuli piris dabegvrasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis, agreTve gadasaxadis gadamxdelisagan miRebuli axsna-ganmartebisa da saaRricxvo dokumentaciis safuZvelze.

4 Tu kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmebis Sedegad gamovlenili Secdomebi iwvevs gadasaxadis Tanxis cvlilebas, kameraluri sagadasaxado Semowmebis ganmaxorcielebeli uflebamosili piri adgens sagadasaxado Semowmebis aqts. muxli 264. gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba 1 gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba tardeba sagadasaxado organos uflebamosili piris gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze.

2 gadasaxadis gadamxdels Semowmebis dawyebamde aranakleb 10 samuSao dRisa egzavneba werilobiTi Setyobineba.

3 Semowmeba unda daiwyos gadasaxadis gadamxdelisaTvis Setyobinebis Cabarebidan ara ugvianes 30 dRisa. Tu aRniSnul vadaSi Semowmeba ver daiwyo, Setyobineba Zaladakargulad iTvleba.

4 gasvliTi sagadasaxado SemowmebiT SesaZlebelia gadasaxadis gadamxdelis saqmianobis sruli an Tematuri Semowmeba.

5 gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba SeiZleba moicavdes gadasaxadis

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xSiri finansuri Semowmebebi gadamxdelis saqmianobis mimdinare kontrolis procedurebsac.

6 gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes ara umetes 3 Tvisa. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Semosavlebis samsaxuris ufrosTan SeTanxmebiT SesaZlebelia Semowmebis vadis damatebiT gagrZeleba ara umetes 2 Tvisa.

7 gadasaxadis gadamxdeli valdebulia gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis Catarebisas Semmowmeblebs Seuqmnas iseTive samuSao pirobebi, rogoric, Cveulebriv, arsebobs gadasaxadis gadamxdelTan. 8 sagadasaxado organos uflebamosil pirs ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos sagadasaxado valdebulebasTan dakavSirebuli saaRricxvo dokumentaciis an/da dabegvrasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis saTanado wesiT damowmebuli asli, xolo gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mier aRniSnuli moTxovnis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi amoiRos aRniSnuli dokumentis dedani, romelic gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis dasrulebisTanave ubrundeba gadasaxadis gadamxdels. dokumentaciis amoRebis SemTxvevaSi formdeba amoRebis oqmi.

9 Tu dawyebuli sagadasaxado Semowmebis gagrZeleba ver xerxdeba dauZleveli Zalis an sxva garemoebis gamo, sagadasaxado organos uflebamosili piri iRebs gadawyvetilebas sagadasaxado Semowmebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb. sagadasaxado Semowmeba ganaxldeba dauZleveli Zalis an sxva garemoebis aRmofxvrisTanave. sagadasaxado Semowmebis vadis dineba ganaxldeba aRniSnuli Semowmebis gagrZelebis dRidan.

10 Tu sagadasaxado Semowmebis specifika moiTxovs Semowmebis ramdenime etapad Catarebas, yoveli etapis Semdeg dgeba Sualeduri aqti. muxli 265. gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba 1 gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba tardeba werilobiTi Setyobinebis gareSe, sasamarTlos nebarTviT, Tu: a) bolo sagadasaxado Semowmebisas gamovlinda gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mier sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa mniSvnelovani darRvevis faqtebi; b) arsebobs sando informacia, romelic saeWvos xdis piris finansuri da materialuri saSualebebis warmoSobas; g) arsebobs sando informacia qonebis an gadasaxadiT dasabegri sxva obieqtis dokumenturad daudasturebeli matebis Sesaxeb; d) sagadasaxado organoSi wardgenili sagadasaxado deklaraciebiT da sxva dokumentebiT ar dasturdeba dabegvris obieqtebisa da gamoangariSebuli gadasaxadebis realuroba; e) wardgenili ar aris sagadasaxado deklaracia an gadasaxadis 85 85

ekonomiuri safrTxeebi gamosaangariSeblad an/da gadasaxdelad saWiro dokumentebi; v) sagadasaxado organos aqvs informacia, rom piri gegmavs, Tavi aaridos sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas saqarTvelodan gasvliT, aqtivebis sxva pirisaTvis gadacemiT, sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis damadasturebeli dokumentebis ganadgurebiT, damalviT, SesworebiT an SecvliT anda sxva RonisZiebebis gatarebiT. 2 sagadasaxado organo valdebulia gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis dawyebidan 48 saaTSi mimarTos sasamarTlos da miiRos misgan nebarTva gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis Catarebis Sesaxeb. amasTanave, sagadasaxado organos ufleba aqvs, gadasaxadis gadamxdelis qonebaze gaavrcelos sagadasaxado giravnoba/ipoTeka, miuxedavad imisa, aqvs Tu ara mas sagadasaxado davalianeba. sasamarTlos nebarTvis miRebamde sagadasaxado organos ar aqvs ufleba, daiwyos gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmeba. sagadasaxado organos warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT, daluqon gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mxolod is sagadasaxado dokumentebi da sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, romlebic aucilebelia gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis Casatareblad.

4 Tu sasamarTlo sagadasaxado organos dadgenil vadaSi ar miscems nebarTvas gadaudebeli gasvliTi sagadasaxado Semowmebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, sagadasaxado organo valdebulia axsnas gadasaxadis gadamxdelis sagadasaxado dokumentebze an/da sasaqonlomaterialur faseulobebze dadebuli luqi. ~palitra medias~ eleqtronuli gamocema ~kviris palitris~ redaqtori zviad doliZe: "dailuqa sawyobebi, romlebSic inaxeboda qaRaldi da beWdvisaTvis saWiro sxva masalebi; agreTve sagadasaxado samsaxuris gadawyvetilebiT, iTvlidnen gazeTebis TiToeul dabeWdil egzemplars, ris gamoc Cveni gamocemebi mkiTxvelamde xSirad ramdenime saaTis dagvianebiT aRwevda. piradad me da Cems kolegebs, romelTa samuSao adgilebi ofisis IV sarTulze mdebareobs, Segveqmna diskomforti, ramac marTlac xeli SegviSala muSaobaSi: "TiTqmis 2 Tve, makontroleblebi mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi isxdnen Cvens gverdiT (CemTvis gaugebari kanoniT, romlis mixedviTac kompania valdebulia maT samuSao adgilebi gamouyos), Cveni kolegebis adgilebze da arcTu sasiamovno iyo, rodesac Cven, Jurnalistebi Tundac erTmaneTSi ver vsaubrobdiT iseT sakiTxebze, romelic Cvens profesiul specifikas exeboda. "saerTod, rCeboda STabeWdileba, rom es adamianebi finansuri

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xSiri finansuri Semowmebebi Semowmebis garda, zedmet yuradRebas uTmobdnen Jurnalistebis saubrebs, rac maTi piradi iniciativa ar unda yofiliyo.~ Tqveni azriT, ra konkretuli safuZveli (mizezi) arsebobda kompaniis Sesamowmeblad? "konkretuli mizezi da safuZveli martivia: 2011 wlis 26 maiss, rodesac xelisuflebam sastikad daarbia mitingi dedaqalaqis mtavar magistralze, rusTavelis gamzirze, rasac msxverplic mohyva, Cveni mediasaxli yvelaze samarTlianad asaxavda movlenebs. Cvenma operatorebma policielTa sisastikis amsaxveli kadrebis gadaReba da gamotanac SeZles. sazogadoebam ase Seityo simarTle. beWdviT gamocemebSic principuli pozicia gvqonda. am simarTlis sasjeli iyo is Semowmeba. "xelisufalTa mtkiceba, rom Cveni organizaciebi Sesamowmeblad, SemTxveviT, e. w. "lototronis principiT~ SeirCa, absurdia: ramdenime aTasi organizaciidan sagadasaxado samsaxurma 6 SearCios da eqvsive "kviris palitris~ kuTvnili aRmoCndes (zogi _ gamomcemloba, zogi _ stamba, zogi _ sawyobi da a.S.) albaTobis TeoriiTac ki warmoudgenelia.~ Cveulebriv, ra xerxs mimarTaven xolme (igulisxmeba prevenciuli zomebi) aseTi media-organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebi, rom CanasaxSive Tavidan aicilon msgavsi zewola?

"Zalian Znelia aseTi zewolis Tavidan acileba, gamosavali oria: mediasaSualeba an xelisuflebisaTvis ~saSiSi~ ar unda iyos, rac saqarTvelos pirobebSi imas niSnavs, rom is saerTod aRar iqneba damoukidebeli presa; an safinanso saqmianoba maqsimalurad ~sufTad~ unda awarmoos, rac Cveni sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis gamo, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, radgan es kanonebi xSirad interpretirebis saSualebas iZleva da makontrolebels mainc utovebs saSualebas ~aRmoaCinos Secdoma~. ra meqanizmi unda iyos SemuSavebuli, ra unda moimoqmedon mediaorganizaciis warmomadgenlebma, rom winaaRmdegoba gauwion msgavs zewolebs xelisuflebis mxridan? "yvelaze kargi saSualeba sakuTari saqmis profesionalurad keTebaa, riTac garantirebuli gaqvs msgavs SemTxvevebSi yvelaze Zlieri mokavSiris _ sazogadoebis mxardaWera. "meore da aseve mniSvnelovani, rodesac sakuTar simarTleSi darwmunebuli xar, saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da qveyanaSi akreditebuli demokratiuli qveynebis diplomatiuri korpusis CarTulobaa.

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ekonomiuri safrTxeebi Cven SemTxvevaSi swored ase moxda: sazogadoeba quCaSi gamosasvleladac ki iyo mzad Cveni uflebebis dasacavad, uamravi xalxi movida Cveni ofisis ezoSi mxardasaWer aqciaze, gvwerdnen, gvirekavdnen. aseve dainteresdnen diplomatebi da mudmivad saqmis kursSi iyvnen. vfiqrob, swored am mxardaWeram iqonia gavlena, Torem makontroleblebi Cvengan ase "mSvidobianad~ wasvlas namdvilad ar apirebdnen.~

Tavi 4.2 zewola potenciur reklamis SemkveTebze ratom ar surT reklamis damkveTebs iseT media-saSualebebTan urTierToba, romlebic kritikulebi arian xelisuflebis mimarT? ra SeiZleba moimoqmedon media organizaciebma da am mimarTulebiT momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, rom xeli SeuSalon sareklamo bazris monopolizacias? nino jangiraSvili, telekompania ~kavkasiis~ direqtori "2008 wlis ivlisSi, erT dRes daibares Zalian bevri biznesmeni da pirdapir uTxres _ ar miitanoT reklama telekompania ~kavkasiaSi~, Torem SegeqmnebaT seriozuli problemebi. erT kviraSi aTma kompaniam kontraqti Segviwyvita, maT Soris ~bilainma~, romelsac 1-wliani kontraqti 1 kviris dadebuli hqonda" Sorena SaverdaSvili, ~liberalis~ gamomcemeli: ~faqtobrivad, ~liberals~ reklama ar ekareba. Cven gvaqvs kidev ori sxva gamocema _ ~cxeli Sokoladi~ da ~biznesi~. SevTavazeT biznesmenebs, rom Tu iyidiT reklamas ~cxel SokoladSi~ da ~biznesSi~, ~liberalSi~ mogcemT Zalian dabal fasad. amaze ar wamovidnen. Semdeg vTavazobdiT, rom ~liberalSi~ reklamas ufasod ganvuTavsebdiT. amiT imis garkveva gvindoda, iyo Tu ara fasi damabrkolebeli. aRmoCnda, rom ufasodac ar undaT ~liberalSi~ reklama _ miuRebeli gamocemaa~, mamuka Rlonti. telekompania ~maestros~ damfuZnebeli: ~kompaniebis xelmZRvanelebTan movilaparakeT, reklama ukve unda gavides, ismis zari, rom ~iciT ra aris, gadavifiqreT~. ratom? mizezi mravalia _ ~avad gaxda~, zogs ase urCies~. reklamis damkveTebisTvis fasi rom ar yofiliyo damabrkolebeli, kompaniebs ~maestrom~ eTerSi reklamis gaSveba simbolur fasad _ 1 larad SesTavaza. im dros maestroze gadacema ~sakani #5~ gadioda. mamuka Rlonti:~maestros~ internet-gverdi iyo pirvel

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zewola reklamis SemkveTebze adgilze. yvelam kargad viciT, rom mTeli Tbilisi Rameebs aTenebda ~saknis~ sayureblad. am periodSi reklama 1 larad... Tu Sen aravisi ar geSinia, biznesi Tavisufalia, demokratiaa, warmoidgineT ramdeni reklama unda Semosuliyo. Tumca, saerTod aravin gagvkarebia~, pirdapiri damamtkicebeli sabuTebi, rom misdami kritikulad ganwyobil mediasaSualebebSi xelisufleba reklamas blokavs, ar arsebobs. Tumca, aris amis iribi niSnebi. magaliTad, ~maestrosa~ da ~kavkasiis~ warmomadgenlebi amboben, rom maTTan arasdros misula saxelmwifo uwyebebis sareklamo rgolebi, romlebic mravladaa xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobil arxebze. telekompania ~kavkasia~ mTel TbilisSi mauwyeblobs, magram qalaqis meria am kompaniaSi aranair reklamas ar aTavsebs~, ambobs media eqsperti nino danelia. ~maqvs araoficialuri informacia, rom arsebobs sistemuri midgoma, romelic krZalavs reklamis Cadebas zogierT media organizaciebSi, rogoric aris telekompania ~maestro~, ~kavkasia~ da Jurnali ~liberali~, media-eqsperti ia anTaZe. [10] ~saqarTvelos sareklamo seqtori konkurenciis naklebobiT xasiaTdeba. xSir SemTxvevaSi kompaniebis ukan xelisuflebasTan asocirebuli pirebi dganan~, _ es aris amonaridi organizacia ~saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba - saqarTvelos~ angariSidan, romelic 2011 wlis 13 dekembers maTsave saitze gamoqveynda ( angariSis mixedviT, saqarTvelos sareklamo seqtori konkurenciis naklebobiTa da bazris mZlavri koncentraciiT xasiaTdeba, radgan mis did nawils yofil Tavdacvis ministr, daviT kezeraSvilTan dakavSirebuli axlo megobrebisa da naTesavebis qseli akontrolebs. bevr media saSualebas aseve ar moepoveba informacia maTi dafarvis arealis da auditoriis Sesaxeb. gamonaklisia am SemTxvevaSi TbilisSi bazirebuli telearxebi. auditoriis Sesaxeb sando monacemebis nakleboba damoukidebel media-saSualebebs reklamebis mizidvas kidev ufro urTulebs. Sedegad, isini ver axerxeben finansuri mdgradobis miRwevas. eka gigauri, ~aerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba - saqarTvelos~ aRmasrulebeli direqtori: ~satelevizio gayidvebis saxli ~jeneral media~ nacionaluri satelevizio arxebis sareklamo droze de faqto monopolias flobs, Tbilisis gare reklamis segmentSi ki dominanti pozicia ~auTdor.ji~-s ukavia. kerZo seqtorSi TviTcenzuris garemoa Seqmnili da reklamis damkveTebs xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi biznesisaTvis negatiuri Sedegebis dadgomis 89 89

ekonomiuri safrTxeebi SiSiT ar surT iseT mediasaSualebebTan TanamSromloba, romlebic kritikuli SexedulebebiT arian cnobili~. ~2010 wels sareklamo bazris wminda moculoba 43 da 46.5 milion aSS dolars Soris meryeobda. televizia saqarTvelos mosaxleobisTvis mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb informaciis mTavar wyarod da sareklamo bazris yvelaze did seqtorad rCeba, romelzec mTliani sareklamo danaxarjebis 78 procenti modis. radiosadgurebze mTliani sareklamo danaxarjebis daaxloebiT 7 procenti ixarjba, gare reklamis wili daaxloebiT 6 procents Seadgens, xolo Jurnal-gazeTebis wili 4 procentia. internet reklamebis wili daaxloebiT 1 procents Seadgens~. ~saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba - saqarTvelos~ Sedareba mohyavs: Jurnal ~tabulaSi~, romlis redaqtoricaa Tamar CergoleiSvili, erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos Tavmjdomaris giga bokerias meuRle, reklamis damkveTebi STambeWdavi raodenobis reklamebs aTavseben, maSin, rodesac ~tabulas~ uSualo konkurenti Jurnali ~liberali~ reklamis damkveTebis mizidvas gaWirvebiT axerxebs. ~is garemoeba, rom mTel rig kompaniebs amJamindeli mTavrobis moxeleebis an yofili mTavrobis/mmarTveli partiis maRalCinosani wevrebis naTesavebi an axlo megobrebi akontroleben, badebs rogorc interesTa konfliqtTan, ise konkurenciasa da politikur damoukideblobasTan dakavSirebul eWvebs, rac potenciurad saqarTveloSi kreatiuli industriisa da media seqtoris ganviTarebis damabrkolebeli faqtoria~, _ naTvqmia kvlevaSi. im fonze, roca damoukidebeli sainformacio saSualebebis umetesoba, romlebic sagamoZiebo JurnalistikiT arian dakavebuli, saerTaSoriso donorebis daxmarebazea damokidebuli, kvlevis mixedviT, regionuli sainformacio saSualebebs da TbilisSi bazirebul wamyvan telekompaniebs, maT Soris telekompania ~imedsac~, davalianebebi gaaCniaT. Tumca7 kvlevaSi aseve naTqvamia, rom telekompaniebi ~imedi~ da ~rusTavi 2~ sareklamo Semosavlebis did nawils iRebs, radgan ~nacionalur arxebze reklamis dabali Rirebulebis gamo, reklamis damkveTebs naklebi stimuli aqvT, rom maTi sareklamo kampaniis nawili ~rusTavi 2~-dan da ~imedidan~ ufro momcro tele-arxebze, beWdur da internet gamocemebze an radio sadgurebze gadaitanon da sareklamo danaxarjebis diversificireba moaxdinon~.amas, kvlevis Tanaxmad, is faqtoric emateba, rom reklamis damkveTebs, ~maTi biznesisTvis negatiuri Sedegebis dadgomis SiSiT, ar surT iTanamSromlon iseT media-saSualebebTan, romlebic kritikuli SexedulebebiT arian cnobili~. [11]

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zewola reklamis SemkveTebze iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): CamoTvlili problemebi ufro metad faruli urTierTobebSi viTardeba. im mediasaSualebebs, romlebic aseTi muqaris Sedegad ~sareklamo SimSils~ ganicdian yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda isargeblos kvalificiuri iuristis rCeviT. konkretul situaciaSi SesaZlebelia gamosavali iyos faqtebis gasajaroveba, problemis Taobaze diskusiebis gamarTva.

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riskis qveS: nawili 5 nawili 5. brZola informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis uflebisaTvis Tavi 5.1 informaciis xelmisawvdomoba avtori: besik maminaiSvili qveyanaSi sityvis Tavisuflebisa da mediis damoukideblobis xarisxis erT-erTi ganmsazRvrelia is, Tu ramdenad martivia JurnalistebisaTvis oficialuri informaciis miReba da ra problemebi eqmnebaT maT sajaro informaciis miRebis mcdelobisas. sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis wesi ki pirvel rigSi gansazRvrulia qveynis konstituciiT. saqarTvelos konstitucia muxli 24 yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad, werilobiT an sxvagvari saSualebiT. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia. cenzura dauSvebelia. saxelmwifos an calkeul pirebs ara aqvT masobrivi informaciis an misi gavrcelebis saSualebaTa monopolizaciis ufleba. am muxlis pirvel da meore punqtebSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia kanoniT SeizRudos iseTi pirobebiT, romlebic aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, teritorialuri mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, konfidencialurad aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad an sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelsayofad. muxli 41 saqarTvelos yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaecnos saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi masze arsebul informacias, agreTve iq arsebul oficialur dokumentebs, Tu isini ar Seicaven saxelmwifo, profesiul an komerciul saidumloebas.

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informaciis miReba-gavrcelebisTvis oficialur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSirebulia adamianis janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebTan an sxva kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi TviT am adamianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadgenili SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, janmrTelobis, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad. saqarTveloSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca sajaro dawesebulebebSi Jurnalistis mxridan moTxovnili informacia iblokeba. umetes SemTxvevaSi, informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqma kanonis darRveviT xdeba. zogjer ki informaciis gaucemlobis oficialuri mizezi isaa, rom moTxovnili informacia araa sajaro, an adevs grifi •saidumlo~. saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da rusul kompnia •inter rao ees~-s Soris 2008 wlis 30 dekembers gaformda memorandumi afxazeTSi mdebare engurhesis erToblivi marTvis Sesaxeb, xolo ianvris Sua ricxvebSi es dokumenti saqarTvelos energetikis saministrom konfidencialurad gamoacxada. amis motivi, oficialuri versiiT, rusuli kompaniis Txovna iyo. saministros ganmartebiT, dokumenti ramdenime mgrZnobiare komerciul informacias Seicavda. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (saia) da gazeTi ~rezonansi~ energetikis saministrosgan memorandumis gansajaroebas iTxovdnen. maTi mTavari argumenti is iyo, rom qveynis energetikis sferoSi umniSvnelovanesi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas sazogadoebrivi interesi aRemateba kerZo pirebis komerciuli interesebs da dauSvebelia maTi gasaidumloeba. gazeTma ~rezonansma~ informaciis gansajaroebis TxovniT sasamarTlos mimarTa. sabolood, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlosgan miRebuli uaris Semdeg, saapelacio sasamarTlom ZalaSi datova qveda instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saqarTvelos energetikis saministrosa da rusul kompania •inter rao ees~-s Soris enguris hidroeleqtrosadgurze gaformebuli memorandumi gasaidumloebuli datova. eliso CafiZe, ~rezonansis~ mTavari redaqtoris yofili moadgile: ~sajaro informaciis mopovebisas problemebi Tanmdevi procesia.

2010 wlis seqtemberSi aseTi eqsperimenti Cavatare _ 30 gancxadeba Sevitane sajaro informaciis gamoTxovis moTxovniT sajaro dawesebulebebSi da aqedan mxolod samze miviRe pasuxi. pasuxebi gamces Sss-m, sagare saqmeTa saministrom da saqalaqo sasamarTlom. am pasuxebidan mxolod erTi _ sagareo saqmeTa saministros informacia 93 93

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba iyo Rirebuli da momawodes ministrisa da misi moadgileebis xelfasebis Sesaxeb informacia, Tumca premiebi ar gaxades sajaro.~ ra unda icodes Jurnalistma Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi misvlis da informaciis moTxovnis dros? ~Jurnalistma Zalian mkafiod unda Camoayalibos, Tu ra saxis informacia sWirdeba da daweros es Zalian gamokveTilad, rom ar arsebobdes teqstis interpretirebis saSualeba. aucileblad unda moawerinos xeli sajaro informaciis gacemaze pasuxismgebel pirs, rom Caibara gancxadeba, daazustos telefoni da eleqtronuli fosta, Tu vis unda mimarTos infromaciis misaRebad.~ dedaqalaqis msgavsad, sajaro informacii gacemasTan dakavSirebiT problemebia regionebSic internet-gamocema -m 2011 wels foTis, zugdidis, mestiis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs, sasamarTlos, aseve sxvadasxva saministroebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT sajaro informaciis moTxovniT 50-ze meti weriliT mimarTa. am werilebze miRebuli da armiRebuli pasuxebis mixedviT gairkveva, rom yvelaze daxuruli struqturebia: policia, prokuratura, sasamarTlo, ekonomikis saministro, mxaris rwmunebulis administracia, mestiisa da zugdidis gamgeoba da qalaq foTis meria. kaxeTis regionulma gazeTma ~speqtrma~ 2010 wels sajaro informacia 11 sajaro dawesebulebidan 24 oficialuri mimarTviT gamoiTxova, romlTagan yvelaze didi raodenoba kaxeTis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebze modis. 15 SemTxvevaSi informacia droulad da srulyofilad miiRes; or SemTxvevaSi _ arasrulyofilad, dagvianebiT ki, anu 10 dRis vadis gadametebiT, mxolod erTi pasuxi iyo gamogzavnili. 6 SemTxvevaSi mimarTvaze pasuxi saerTod ar yofila.

2011 wels ~speqtri~ 17 sajaro dawesebulebidan 39 sajaro informacias iTxovda. amjeradac mimarTvebi ZiriTadad kaxeTis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan daigzavna. 39 mimarTvidan 11 SemTxvevaSi gazeTma drouli da srulyofili informacia miiRo. aTdRiani vada dairRva 7 SemTxvevaSi, xolo 21 mimarTvaze pasuxi saerTod ar yofila. [12] ra meTods unda mimarTos Jurnalistma, Tuki sajaro informaciis miRebis procesSi problema Seeqmna? ra unda icodes Jurnalistma Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi misvlis da informaciis moTxovnis dros? rogor unda gamijnos Jurnalistma sajaro informacia saidumlo

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informaciis miReba-gavrcelebisTvis informaciisagan? ra pasuxismgebloba arsebobs sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uflebis darRvevisaTvis? qveviT moyvanil samarTlebrivi normebis detalur aRweraSi gamoyenebulia ~saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis~ daskvnebi da analizi. saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT dacul Rirebulebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli interesis sagnad rCeba sajaro informaciis Tavisufleba, romlis ukeT SeswavlisaTvis sasurvelia ganvixiloT sakiTxebi Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: a) urTierTobis obieqti _ anu informacia, romelic SesaZlebelia xelmisawvdomi gaxdes nebismieri dainteresebuli pirisaTvis. am sakiTxis Seswavlisas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs sajaro informaciis gamijvnas saidumlo informaciisagan; b) urTierTobis monawile subieqtebi _ erTi mxriv, sajaro dawesebuleba, romelic pasuxismgebelia sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze da, meore mxriv, sajaro informaciiT dainteresebuli nebismieri fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, agreTve administraciuli organo, romlisTvisac igzavneba sajaro informacia; g) sajaro informaciis gacemis procesSi warmoSobili samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi da am urTierTobis monawileTa uflebamovaleobebi; d) personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisa da gacemis wesi; e) pasuxismgebloba sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uflebis darRvevisaTvis. qveyanaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris uflebas miiRos sajaro informacia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi kidev ufro akonkretebs im informacias, romelic SeiZleba xelmisawvdomi gaxdes nebismieri dainteresebuli pirisaTvis, kerZod, es aris "oficialuri dokumenti, anu sajaro dawesebulebaSi daculi, agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an moxelis mier samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili an gagzavnili informacia~. kodeqsi ar Seicavs saidumlo informaciis ganmartebas. saidumlo informaciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos sajaro dawesebulebaSi daculi, sajaro saqmianobisas mopovebuli, damuSavebuli an gagzavnili informacia, romelic Seicavs saxelmwifo, komerciul an pirad saidumloebas. Tuki konkretuli informaciisaTvis 95 95

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba saxelmwifo saidumloebis statusis miniWebis sakiTxi kanoniT aris reglamentirebuli da misi dadgenis mkafiod gamokveTili meqanizmi moqmedebs, SedarebiT sakamaToa is informacia, romlis xelmisawvdomoba SeiZleba SeizRudos komerciuli an profesiuli saidumloebis gamo. komerciul saidumloebad SeiZleba miviCnioT samewarmeo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri informacia (ra formiTac ar unda iyos warmodgenili), romlis gamjRavnebam SeiZleba uaryofiTad imoqmedos subieqtis konkurentunarianobaze, rasac Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi SesaZloa gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqondes. eqspertTa SefasebiT, mewarme, romelic dainteresebulia msgavsi informacia gamoacxados saidumlo informaciad, valdebulia mimarTos sajaro dawesebulebas. xolo es ukanaskneli iRebs gadawyvetilebas informaciis saidumlod gamocxadebis, an Riaobis Taobaze. im informaciis Riaobis Sesaxeb sajaro dawesebulebis gadawyvetileba, romelmac SeiZleba Selaxos mewarmis arsebiTi da kanonieri interesi, dainteresebuli mewarmis moqmedebiT SeiZleba Seicvalos zemdgom adminitraciul organoSi an sasamarTlo wesiT. sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis mizanSewonili iqneba ganvsazRvroT saqmianobis sfero da is dawesebuleba, romelic pasuxismgebelia dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis sajaro informaciis gacemaze. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi ganmartavs rogorc administraciuli organos status, aseve gvTavazobs sajaro dawesebulebis definicias (ganmartebas). sajaro dawesebuleba, romelic pasuxismgebelia sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze, SeiZleba iyos "saxelmwifo an TviTmmarTvelobis organo an dawesebuleba, agreTve piri, romelic kanonmdeblobis an xelSekrulebis safuZvelze sajaro dawesebulebis saxeliT asrulebs kanoniT gansazRvrul uflebamosilebebs; sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, agreTve kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic dafinansebas iRebs saxelmwifo biujetidan" (zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi, muxli 27, punqti „a~). faqtobrivad, sajaro informaciis monacemTa bazis Seqmnisa da misi xelmisawvdomobis valdebuleba ekisreba yvela im subieqts, romelic dafinansebas iRebs centraluri an adgilobrivi biujetidan. sajaro dawesebuleba, garda kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirisa, iqmneba konkretuli normatiuli aqtis (kanoni, kanonqvemdebare aqtebi: saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebebi, ministrebisa da sxva centraluri saxelmwifo organos xelmZRvanelTa brZanebebi, meris an gamgeblis gankargulebebi da sxv.) safuZvelze, romelic

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riskis qveS gansazRvravs am dawesebulebis Seqmnis mizans, moqmedebis sferos, uflebamosilebis farglebsa da saqmianobis ganxorcielebis wess. kodeqsi gansazRvravs sajaro informaciis monacemTa bazis Camoyalibebis oTx formas: informaciis miReba, Seqmna, damuSaveba da gagzavna. TiToeuli forma warmoadgens informaciis mopovebis konkretul wyaros, romlis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia daadginos pasuxismgebeli Tanamdebobis piri. faqtobrivad, iqmneba sajaro reestris mTeli ganyofileba, monacemTa baziTa da am monacemebis xelmisawvdomobaze pasuxismgebeli piris xelmZRvanelobiT. sajaro reestris SeqmniT da sajaro informaciis monacemTa bazis warmoebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba kontrolirebadi gaxdes sajaro dawesebulebis saqmianoba, misi gamWvirvalobisa da sabiujeto Tanxebis miznobrivi xarjvis, aseve dainteresebuli pirisaTvis informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT. kodeqsis erT-erT moTxovnas warmoadgens sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze pasuxismgebeli sajaro dawesebulebis valdebuleba _ dauyovnebliv miiRos gadawyvetileba informaciis gacemis an mis gacemaze uaris Taobaze. Tu informaciis gacema, misi moZiebisa da damuSavebis gamo, garkveul periods saWiroebs an aucilebelia konsultaciebi sxva sajaro dawesebulebebTan, am gadawyvetilebis miReba SeiZleba gagrZeldes ara ugvianes 10 dRis vadiT. uaris SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebidan sami dRis vadaSi werilobiT miawodos informacia uaris safuZvlebisa da im dawesebulebis Sesaxeb, romelTanac mimdinareobda konsultaciebi, aseve ganumartos dainteresebuli subieqtis Semdgomi moqmedebis procedura, maT Soris gasaCivrebis ufleba. nebismieri davis sagani, maT Soris sajaro dawesebulebis gadawyvetileba informaciis gacemaze uaris Sesaxeb, SeiZleba gaxdes sasamarTlo ganxilvis sagani, Tu dainteresebuli subieqti saTanado gancxadebiT mimarTavs sasamarTlos, romelic uflebamosilia imsjelos uaris Tqmis safuZvlebze, da dausabuTeblobis SemTxvevaSi daavaldebulos sajaro dawesebuleba informaciis gacemaze. damoukidebeli msjelobis sagania personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisa da gacemis wesi. pirovnul monacemebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sakiTxi kompleqsur Sefasebasa da sifrTxiliT gadawyvetas saWiroebs. es is sferoa, romelic SesaZlebelia interesTa konfliqtis mizezi gaxdes, erTi mxriv, pirovnebis piradi cxovrebis 97 97

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba xelSeuxeblobasa da Tavisuflebas, xolo meore mxriv, sazogadoebis kanonier interesebs Soris. msgavss situaciaSi ibadeba kiTxva: ra ufro mniSvnelovania _ pirovnebis moqmedebis Tavisufleba, maT Soris piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, Tu am Tavisuflebis SezRudva saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi kontrolis meSveobiT, sazogadoebis sxva wevrTa marTlzomieri interesebis dasacavad? sakiTxis sirTule mdgomareobs imaSic, rom orive mxares dasabuTebuli da garkveuli argumentebi gaaCniaT da sakiTxis erTmxrivad gadawyveta araswor Sedegebamde migviyvans. mocemul situaciaSi rCeba erTaderTi gamosavali _ kompromisi orive mxridan warmodgenil interesTa Soris. am moTxovnebiT administraciuli kodeqsi sainteresod wyvets personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisa da gacemis sakiTxs. kodeqsi sajaro dawesebulebas avaldebulebs Seagrovos, daamuSaos da Seinaxos mxolod is informacia, romlis uflebas am dawesebulebis saqmianobis maregulirebeli kanoni pirdapir da uSualod aniWebs da romelic aucilebelia sajaro dawesebulebis mier misi kanoniT gansazRvruli uflebamosilebis Sesasruleblad. amdenad, sajaro dawesebulebis mxridan iseTi personaluri informaciis damuSaveba da Senaxva, romelic scildeba mis kompetencias, saqmianobis miznebs da ar aris gamowveuli uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis aucileblobiT, SeiZleba ganvixiloT uflebamosilebis gadametebis Tanamdebobriv danaSaulad, Sesabamisi sisxlissamarTlebrivi da samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobiT. xolo, Tu ra konkretuli pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba dadges sajaro dawesebulebis mimarT uflebamosilebis gadametebiT ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis Sedegad, amaze mogvianebiT SevCerdebiT. pirs ufleba aqvs sajaro dawesebulebisagan moiTxovos araswori an arasruli informaciis Secvla saTanado informaciiT. kanonmdebeli ar akonkretebs im subieqts, romelic uflebamosilia sajaro dawesebulebisagan moiTxovos araswori monacemebis Secvla. amdenad unda vigulisxmoT, rom aseTi uflebiT sargebloba SeuZlia ara marto im pirs (moqalaqes an organizacias), romelsac uSualod exeba araswori monacemebi, aramed sxva dainteresebul subieqtsac. sajaro dawesebulebis mxridan dainteresebuli piris moTxovnis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, sareestro monacemebSi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxze gadawyvetilebas iRebs sasamarTlo. personaluri monacemebis Segrovebisa da damuSavebisas uzustobebis Tavidan asacileblad sajaro dawesebulebas evaleba daukavSirdes pirs, romelzec grovdeba personaluri monacemebi da pirvelwyarodan

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riskis qveS moipovos saWiro informacia, aseve acnobos informaciis Segrovebis miznebi da sajaro dawesebulebisaTvis kanoniT pirdapir miniWebuli uflebamosileba am monacemebis mopovebasa da damuSavebaze. amdenad, nebismieri piri, viszec grovdeba informacia, uflebamosilia icodes:

personaluri

romeli sajaro dawesebuleba agrovebs masze informacias; ra mizniT xdeba am informaciis damuSaveba; ramdenad aris dawesebulebis moqmedeba iuridiulad dasabuTebuli personaluri monacemebis mopovebisas; ramdenad swori, sarwmuno da sruli informacia inaxeba personalur monacemTa bazaSi; savaldebuloa Tu nebayoflobiTia informaciis miwodeba sajaro dawesebulebisaTvis misi damuSavebisa da SenaxvisaTvis; personalur monacemTa wyaroebi da Semadgenloba; visTvis SeiZleba gaxdes xelmisawvdomi misi personaluri informacia. kodeqsi aseve sainteresod wyvets personalur informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxs. zogadi SefasebiT, personaluri informacia konfidencialuria, anu dauSvebelia am informaciis gacema, kodeqsis 41-e muxliT dadgenili SemTxvevebis garda. xolo kodeqsis 41-e muxli konkretulad gansazRvras im SemTxvevebs, rodesac personaluri monacemebi xelmisawvdomi xdeba dainteresebul pirTaTvis. kerZod: a) sajaro Tanamdebobis pirTa personaluri monacemebi.

Tanamdebobis pirad ganixileba sajaro daweseburebis TanamSromeli, romelic normatiuli aqtis (kanoni an administraciuli aqti), an xelSekrulebis safuZvelze asrulebs misTvis miniWebul uflebamosilebas da moqmedebs sajaro interesebis dasacavad.

Tanamdebobis piris personalur monacemTa xelmisawvdomoba, zogadad sajaro dawesebulebis saqmianobis gamWvirvalobis principebTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tanamdebobis piri am sistemis nawilad ganixileba, rac sazogadoebas saSualebas aZlevs miiRos sruli informacia rogorc sajaro dawesebulebis, aseve sajaro interesebis ganmaxorcielebeli Tanamdebobis piris Sesaxeb; b) personaluri monacemebi dainteresebuli subieqtisaTvis SeiZleba xelmisawvdomi gaxdes TviT im piris Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, romlis personaluri informaciis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxic ganixileba; 99 99

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba g) amave kodeqsis 28-e muxli exeba or SemTxvevas, rodesac informaciis Riaobam SeiZleba gardauvali da arsebiTi ziani miayenos erovnul usafrTxoebas, an sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis gamoZiebas. orive SemTxvevaSi mxolod sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tavisi dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebiT xelmisawvdomi gaxados personaluri informacia. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisas saidumlo personaluri informacia sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT Ria xdeba mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es informacia saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis uSualo da erTaderT wyarod rCeba; d) personaluri monacemebi SeiZleba xelmisawvdomi gaxdes samecniero kvlevebis Casatareblad, mxolod daculi unda iqnas saidumloeba im piris vinaobis Sesaxeb, romlis monacemebis gamoyenebac xdeba samecniero miznebisaTvis. magaliTis saxiT, pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis kanonieri interesebis konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi kompromisuli variantis nimuSad SeiZleba CaiTvalos kanoni •pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb~. es kanoni krZalavs im personaluri monacemebis gacemas, romelic adamianis janmrTelobasTan aris dakavSirebuli, magram, Tu am informaciis gaucemlobiT safrTxe eqmneba sazogadoebis sxva wevrs, konkretul pirebze am informaciis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxi dadebiTad wydeba. magaliTad, informacia im piris janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic daavadebulia imunodeficitis gamomwvevi virusiT, SesaZlebelia xelmisawvdomi gaxdes misi ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, maTi sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis dacvis mizniT. mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens sajaro dawesebulebis an sajaro moxelis ukanono moqmedebiT gamowveuli pasuxismgebloba, rac dazaralebul pirs uflebas aZlevs moiTxovos misTvis miyenebuli qonebrivi da araqonebrivi zianis anazRaureba. aseTi ufleba pirs warmoeSoba kodeqsis 47-e muxliT miTiTebuli iseTi garemoebebis arsebobisas, rogorebicaa: a) "sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmis, kolegiuri sajarodawesebulebis sxdomis sruli an nawilobrivi daxurvis, agreTve sajaro informaciis gasaidumloebisas; b) araswori sajaro informaciis Seqmnisa da damuSavebisaTvis; g) personaluri monacemebis ukanono Segrovebis, damuSavebis, Senaxvisa da gavrcelebisas; d) sajaro dawesebulebis an sajaro moxelis mier am kodeqsis sxva moTxovnaTa darRvevisa~.

TiToeuli zemoT moyvanili garemoeba SeiZleba gaxdes qonebrivi

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riskis qveS da araqonebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sajaro dawesebulebis an misi TanamSromlis moqmedeba pirdapir da mizezobriv kavSirSia damdgar SedegTan. qonebriv zianSi SeiZleba gaerTiandes gaweuli materialuri xarjebi da miuRebeli Semosavali. araqonebrivi ziani dakavSirebulia subieqtis pirovnebasTan, mis saxelTan, pativsa da RirsebasTan, sazogadoebriv mdgomareobasa da saqmian reputaciasTan, romelTa xelyofac xdeba sajaro dawesebulebis ukanono moqmedebiT. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis kidev erTi Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sajaro dawesebulebis gadawyvetilebiT zianis miyenebisas, mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba sajaro dawesebulebas da ara dazaralebuls, anu administraciuli kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, sajaro dawesebulebas ekisreba valdebuleba daasabuTos da daamtkicos mies mier kanonis moTxovnebis daurRvevloba da mosarCelisaTvis zianis miuyenebloba. Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis zogad principebs gaviTvaliswinebT, mtkicebis tvirTi modis mosarCeleze, anu im mxareze vinc mopasuxis (damzaraleblis) mimarT ayenebs garkveul moTxovnas da ara mopasuxeze. aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia is upiratesoba, rac zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT mosarCelisTvisaa dadgenili. kodeqsiT gansazRvrulia sajaro dawesebulebaTa angariSvaldebuleba prezidentisa da parlametis winaSe. sajaro dawesebulebebs ekisrebaT sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT gaweuli saqmianobis wliuri Sedegebis wardgenis valdebuleba.

iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): sajaro informaciis miRebis ufleba garantirebulia saqaTvelos konstituciis 41e muxliT. saqarTvelos yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaecnos saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi masze arsebul informacias, agreTve iq arsebul oficialur dokumentebs, Tu isini ar Seicaven saxelmwifo, profesiul an komerciul saidumloebas. oficialur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSirebulia adamianis janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebTan an sxva kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi TviT am adamianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadgenili SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, janmrTelobis, sxvaTa uflebebisa

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informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad informaciis miRebis wesi dadgenilia saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-3 TaviT. Jurnalistma, romlis interesia sajaro informaciis miReba, administraciul organos unda mimarTos werilobiTi formiT. sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gasces sajaro informacia dauyovnebliv an ara ugvianes 10 dRisa, Tu sajaro informaciis moTxovnaze pasuxis gacema moiTxovs: a) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebuli misi struqturuli qvedanayofidan an sxva sajaro dawesebulebidan informaciis moZiebasa da damuSavebas; b) mniSvnelovani moculobis erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli calkeuli dokumentebis moZiebasa da damuSavebas; g) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebul mis struqturul qvedanayofTan an sxva sajaro dawesebulebasTan konsultacias.

Tu sajaro informaciis gacemisaTvis saWiroa 10-dRiani vada, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia moTxovnisTanave acnobos amis Sesaxeb ganmcxadebels.

Jurnalists an mediasaSualebas, romelsac saxelmwifo uwyebaSi moTxovnili sajaro informaciis miwodebas uWianureneb an saerTod uars eubnebian SeuZlia amave administraviul organoSi waradginos administraciuli saCivari, qmedebis ganxorcielebis davalebis moTxovniT mimarTos saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegias.

Tavi 5.2 damoukidebeli mediis SezRudvis mcdelobebi informaciis miRebis TavisuflebasTan erTad, qveyanaSi sityvis Tavisuflebis xarisxis kidev erTi indikatori isicaa, eqmnebaT Tu ara raime dabrkolebebi damoukidebel media saSualebebs Tavisi produqciis gavrcelebisas. bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis oficialuri organoebisa Tu kerZo kompaniebis mier miRebuli zogierTi gadawyvetileba pirdapir, an arapirdapiri gziT zRudavda beWdviTi mediisa da zogierTi telekompaniis satelevizio signalis gavrcelebis areals. aseTi SemTxvevebis TvalsaCino magaliTia presis gavrcelebis

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riskis qveS jixurebi TbilisSi. TbilisSi presis jixurebis sakiTxi pirvelad 2007 wels, saprezidento arCevnebis win gaaqriurda. maSin dedaqalaqis meriam garemovaWreebTan erTad presis gamavrcelebeli jixurebis nawili daxura. oficialuri motivi aseTi iyo _ isini Tbilisis iersaxes amaxinjebdnen.

2009 wlis Semodgomaze, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis win, romlis drosac Tbilisis meri pirvelad airCies pirdapiri kenWisyriT, presis jixurebis mepatroneebs maTi daxurva isev mosTxoves. jixurebis daxurvis axali talRa 2011 wlis noembris TveSi, saparlamento arCevnebamde erTi wliT adre daiwyo, rodesac maTi ijariT gacemaze eleqtronuli auqcionis sistema dainerga. Tbilisis meriam Tavisi gadawyvetileba isev qalaqis iersaxeze zrinviT axsna: ~mcire da saSualo biznesis xelSewyobis mizniT, Tbilisis meriam axali proeqti daiwyo. proeqtis mixedviT, qalaqSi arsebuli Zveli da usaxuri jixurebis nacvlad, TbilisSi uaxloes momavalSi axali, Tanamedrove dizainis jixurebi daidgmeba.~ beWdviTi mediis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobam Tbilisis meriis es iniciativa dedaqalaqSi Jurnal-gazeTebis gavrcelebis SezRudvis mcdelobad Seafasa. arasamTavrobo organizacia, koalicia ~arCevanis TavisuflebisaTvis~ gancxadeba:~safuZveliani eWvi gvaqvs, rom xelisuflebis mizani winasaarCevnod beWduri mediis ganeitralebaa, raTa sazogadoebamde mivides mxolod da mxolod gafiltruli informacia, romelic mosaxleobas nacionaluri arxebiT miewodeba. mniSvnelovania isic, rom amas asobiT wvrili movaWrisa da jixuris mflobelis umuSevrad datovebiTa da maTi socialuri ganadgurebis fasad akeTeben.~ media-eqsperti zviad qoriZe: ~mizezi ufro Rrma iyo da jixurebis auqcionis mizani mxolod biujetSi Tanxebis Setana ar aris. es angrevs media sivrces da moqalaqeebs presis gareSe datovebas uqadis.~ Jurnalistebma da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebma Tbilisis meriasTan presis gavrcelebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis winaaRmdeg permanentulad imarTeboda aqciebi _ ~me vkiTxulob presas~. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia: ~Cven sasicocxlod mniSvnelovnad miviCnevT, damdgari Sedegidan gamomdinare, presis gavrcelebisaTvis maqsimalurad xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad, meriis mxridan adekvatur reagirebasa

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informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas.~ imave periodSi sastumro ~holidei inis~ win presis gavrcelebis mxardamWeri aqcia ~veZebT sityvis Tavisuflebas~ gaimarTa. aqciaSi monawileobdnen Jurnalistebi, advokatebi, arasaparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenlebi da media eqspertebi. gaimarTa improvizebuli aqcia fanrebiT da lamprebiT:. ~fanrebiT xelSi veZebT im jixurebs, romlebic xelisuflebam aiRo da miiTvisa...~ 2011 wlis aprilSi satelekomunikacio kompania ~-m Tavisi samauwyeblo paketitan amoiRo telekompania ~maestro~. es gadawyvetileba qarTuli mediisa da sazogadoebriobis nawilma politikurad motivirebulad miiCnia.

-is ofisTan arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, sxvadasxva media saSualebebisa da opoziciuri partiebis warmomadgenlebma saprotesto aqcia gamarTes. mogvianebiT ~maestros~ gadacemis ~akreditaciis gareSe~ avtori da wamyvani Salva ramiSvili ~ ~-Si mivida da dacvis TanamSromels 5 aTasi adamianis xelmowera gadasca, sadac miTiTebuli iyo, rom Tuki kompania ~maestros~ CarTavda, es adamianebi ~ ~-is abonentebi gaxdebodnen. am aqciis monawileebi eWvobdnen, rom ~ ~maestros~ kritikuli mosazrebebis gamo, -is paketidan mis gaTiSvaSi xelisuflebis xeli eria. ramiSvilma ~silqnetis~ xelmZRvanelobasTan Sexvedra moiTxova. is kompaniis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosma nino daraselma miiRo. Sexvedris Semdeg ramiSvilma ganacxada, rom man -isgan "adekvaturi pasuxi ver miiRo~.

Salva ramiSvilis TqmiT, mTavari amocana imis lustrirebaa, rom „Silk TV~ xelisuflebis nebas asrulebs, roca uars ambobs sakuTar servisSi ~maestros~ CarTvaze. ra unda daupirispiros mediam iseT gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic, nebsiT Tu uneblied zRudavs ama Tu im media saSualebebis mier informaciis gavrcelebas?

iuristis rCevebi (naTia kapanaZe): yvela akrZalva, maT Soris adgilobrivi an centraluri xelisuflebis mier presis gayidvis an telearxis signalis gavrcelebis pirdapiri Taobaze unda gamomdinareobdes kanonidan. saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad, werilobiT an sxvagvari

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riskis qveS saSualebiT. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia. cenzura dauSvebelia. SesaZlebelia kanoniT SeizRudos iseTi pirobebiT, romlebic aucilebelia es uflebebi demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, teritorialuri mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, konfidencialurad aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad an sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelsayofad. im mediasaSualebebs, romelTa gavrceleba xelisuflebis mxridan pirdapir an arapirdapir izRudeba, vurCevT isargeblon mediasamarTalSi kvalificiuri iuristis daxmarebiT, mimarTon sasamarTlos da moiTxovon xelSeSlis akrZalva.

JurnalistTa solidarobis aqcia `palitra medias~ ezoSi

1105 05

riskis qveS: Tavi 5.3 Tavi 5.3. kiber-usafrTxoeba

i

avtori: zviad foCxua nformatikis saukuneSi kiber-usafrTxoebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, miTumetes imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom JurnalistTa umravlesoba informaciis SenaxvisTvis iyenebs kompiuters, xolo misi gadacemisTvis _ mikroCipebs da internets. informaciis gaJonvis yvelaze didi albaToba arsebobs im kompiuterebidan, romlebic daucvelia antivirusebiT, piradi parolebiT; aseve kompiuterebidan, romlebSic daSvebulia SeuzRudavi wvdoma Sida qselSi an internetSi, maT Soris zonebTan.

kiber usafrTxoebis eqsperti, diana cucqiriZe (saqarTvelos strategiuli da saerTaSoriso swavlebis fondi, usafrToebis analizis centri romeli eleqtronuli fostaa daculi informaciis gaJonvisgan? "qarTul safosto serverebTan SedarebiT, hotmail, gmail da ase Semdeg bevrad ufro usafrTxoa. qarTuli serverebis ganaxleba sakmaod gviandeba da es momxmareblebs riskis jgufSi ayenebs. "rodesac vsaubrobT el-fostis usafrTxoebaze, aq unda gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenad sworad SevasruleT pirobebi misi Seqmnis dros. ar gamoiyenoT damxmare kiTxva/pasuxSi iseTi faqti, romelic yvelasaTvis cnobilia, an SeiZleba advilad gaxdes cnobili. "rodesac gvaqvs rTuli paroli _ viyenebT usafrTxoebis kodebis sistemas da ase Semdeg _ bevrad ufro Znelia arsebuli informaciis amoReba da fostaze SeRweva".

SesaZlebelia Tu ara qarTuli eleqtronuli fostis kontroli/ wakiTxva internet provaideris mxridan? magaliTad, SeuZlia Tu ara internet provaiders misive serverebis gavliT gagzavnili elfostis unebarTvo wakiTxva? "nebismier internet provaiders SeuZlia gaakontrolos Tavisi mommxmareblis fosta. saqarTveloSi "eleqtronulihigiena" imdenad

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kiber-usafrTxoeba araa daculi, rogorc dasavlTSi da, Sesabamisad, xSirad vxvdebiT megobruli Txovnebis safuZelze gatexil imeilebs. es ra Tqma unda TaRliTobaa, magram jer jerobiT xSirad aqvs adgili msgavs moqmedebebs. "saqme isaa, Tu ramdenad sWirdeba provaiders mailebze gasvla. rogorc wesi, es xSirad ukavSirdeba momxmareblis kriminalur saqmianobas da provaiderebs uwevT policiasTan TanamSromloba•. rogor unda moiqces Jurnalisti, romelsac aqvs eWvi, rom misi el-fosta mowmdeba gare piris mier? "pirvel rigSi aucileblad unda Secvalos paroli da kidev erTxel gadaxedos usafrTxoebis wesebs. Seicvalos fosta."

SesaZlebelia Tu ara internetis meSveobiT gare pirma moaxdinos Jurnalistis piradi kompiuteridan monacemebis aReba? rogori dacva aris efeqturi msgavs SemTxvevaSi? "dainteresebulma pirma Zalian advilad SeiZleba gaigos Jurnalistis piradi kompiuteris monacemebi, egreT wodebuli IP misamarTi, romlis meSveobiTac Semdeg gaakontrolebs am misamarTze daregistrirebul yvela fostas da maT mier gaSvebul informacias. "arsebobs Zalian bevri kompiuteruli programa romlebic msgavsi kontrolisgan icaven kompiuters isev da isev aqac moqmedebs winaswari dacvis sistema, yovelTvis ganaxlebuli, efeqturi antivirusi, regularuli wmenda, aseve wesebi: ar davimaxsovroT kompiuterze eleqtronuli fostis saxeli da paroli, ar davtovoT kompiuteri CarTuli roca ar viyenebT da ar davainstaloT piratuli programebi, romlebmac SeiZleba pirdapir SeaerTos Cveni kompiuteri zomb qselebTan".

rekomendaciebi parolis gareSe, Tqvens telefonSi, smartfonSi da kompiuterSi piradi monacemebi riskis qveSaa. ar gamoiyenoT erTi da igive paroli sxvadasxva angariSze. yvelaze xSirad adamianebi iyeneb Semdeg parolebs: 1234, 0000, 2580, 1111, 5555, amitom nu gamoiyenebT am kombinacias. gamoiyeneT 6 niSna paroli, kombinirebuli cifri da aso. nu gamoiyenebT parolad dabadebis dRis da wlis TariRebs.

1107 07

riskis qveS xSirad gamocvaleT paroli an periodulad gaarTuleT arsebuli Tu Tqveni paroli gatexes, gamoiyeneT sruliad axali kombinaciis paroli. usafrTxoebis gasamtkicemblad, internetSi muSaobisas gamoiyeneT mxolod TavsarTi informaciis usafrTxo Zebnis uzrunvelsayofad, ZiriTad saZiebo sistemad brauzerSi CawereT: ar gamoiyenoT adgilobrivi saZiebo sistemebi. parolebis Sesanaxad gamoiyeneT:

Tavi 5.4 cenzura da TviTcenzura avtori: geno joxiZe ratom mimarTaven Jurnalistebi cenzuras, an TviTcenzuras? ra Sedegi SeiZleba dadges, Tuki cenzurisa Tu TviTcenzuris SemTxvevebi gaxSirdeba? ra meqanizmi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom mediis warmomadgenlebSi ar hqondes adgili msgavs SemTxvevebs? aris Tu ara aseT SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti faqtori kontraqti damqiraveblebTan? ra rols TamaSobs kontraqti? ra rols TamaSobs profesiuli eTikis normebi? pirvel rigSi aucilebelia Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtis kargad codna. Tu ras iTvaliswinebs kanoni sityvisa da gamoxatvis Sesaxeb. kanoni sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb muxli 3. sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba 1 saxelmwifo cnobs da icavs sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas, rogorc waruval da uzenaes adamianur faseulobebs. xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas xalxi da saxelmwifo SezRudulni arian am uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT, rogorc uSualod moqmedi samarTliT. 2 yvelas, administraciuli organos garda, aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, rac gulisxmobs: a) azris absolutur Tavisuflebas; b) politikuri sityvisa da debatebis Tavisuflebas; g) nebismieri formis informaciisa da ideebis moZiebis, miRebis, Seqmnis, Senaxvis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis uflebas;

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cenzura da TviTcenzura d) cenzuris dauSveblobas, mediis saredaqcio damoukideblobasa da pluralizms, Jurnalistis uflebas, daicvas informaciis wyaros saidumlooba da sakuTari sindisis Sesabamisad miiRos saredaqcio gadawyvetilebebi; e) swavlis, swavlebisa da kvlevis akademiur Tavisuflebas; v) xelovnebis, Semoqmedebisa da gamogonebis Tavisuflebas; z) nebismier enaze metyvelebis, nebismieri damwerlobis gamoyenebis uflebas; T) qvelmoqmedebis uflebas; i) mxilebis Tavisuflebas da mamxilebelTa dacvas; k) Tavisuflebas iZulebisagan, gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexeduleba rwmenis, aRmsareblobis, sindisisa da msoflmxedvelobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, agreTve yvela im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes misi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis Selaxvis safuZveli.

3 es kanoni ar uaryofs sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul, saqarTvelos konstituciiT dacul da sxva sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebs, Tavisuflebebsa da garantiebs, romlebic aq ar aris moxseniebuli, magram TavisTavad gamomdinareobs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis principebidan.

SeerTebuli Statebis administraciis 2010 wlis daskvnaSi, saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: "miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos konstitucia da kanoni uzrunvelyofs qveyanaSi sityvis Tavisuflebas, arsebobs rigi angariSebisa, romelSic naTqvamia, rom xelisufleba zRudavs presasa da sityvis Tavisuflebas.~ "...xSirad Jurnalistebi muSaoben kontraqtis gareSe, rac iwvevs maT praqtikaSi TviTcenzuras. aseT SemTxvevebSi, gaubedav da meryev Jurnalistebs xSirad eSiniaT samuSao adgilis dakargvis.~ [13] zviad qoriZe, media-eqsperti: "saqarTveloSi Cven erTdroulad vawydebiT rogorc cenzuris, aseve TviTcenzuris recidivebs. cenzuras axorcielebs mTavroba, TviTcenzuras axorcieleben Jurnalistebi.~ [14] 2003 wlidan, erovnuli arxebidan ramdenime Toq-Sou, romelic sakmaod popularuli iyo sazogadoebaSi, gaqra eTeridan. mediaeqspertTa didi nawili aRniSnavs, rom telesivrcis xelisuflebis gavlenis qveS gadasvlam gazarda cenzurisa da TviTcenzuris SemTxvevebi qarTul mediaSi, ZiriTada ki eleqtronul mediaSi.

1109 09

riskis qveS ia anTaZe, media-eqsperti:"aseTis SemCneva TiTqmis yoveldRiurad SeiZleba nacionalur telearxebze. magaliTad, sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze respublikuri partiis lideri daviT usufaSvili 2012 wlis 21 Tebervals stumrobda daviT paiWaZes mis saavtoro gadacemaSi "dialogi daviT paiWaZesTan~. gadacemis msvlelobisas respublikuri partiis liderma sTxova gadacemis avtors, gaeca pasuxi SekiTxvaze, SeeZlo Tu ara mas studiaSi moewvia adamiani, romelsac aukrZales Tavisi bina opoziciuri politikuri gaerTianeba "qarTuli ocnebisTvis~ mieqiravebina. "normalur pirobebSi, Jurnalisti Tavad unda iyos dainteresebuli adamianis uflebebis uxeSi darRvevis faqtebis gamoaSkaravebiT da gasajaroebiT. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, daviT paiWaZem ver misca piroba opoziciis erT-erT liders, rom am adamians studiaSi moiwvevda. or dReSi ki daviT paiWaZem socialur qsel ~feisbukSi~ gamoaqveyna pirobebis grZeli nusxa, romelTa dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi moiwvevda usufaSvilis mier dasaxelebul adamians stumrad Tavis gadacemaSi. "nusxa imgvarad iyo Sedgenili, rom faqtobrivad, muqaras ufro hgavda, vidre Jurnalistur interess saxelmwifos Cinovnikebis mier daCagruli adamianis mimarT. aseTi ram arcTu iSviaTad xdeba nacionalur arxebze. "qarTul mediaSi araoficialuri cenzurac arsebobs da TviTcenzurac. xelisuflebas ainteresebs nacionaluri televiziebi da misi kontrolic, ZiriTadad, swored sam saerTo erovnul televiziaze _ ~rusTavi 2~-ze, ~imedsa~ da sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze vrceldeba. cxadia, cenzurs da TviTcenzuris Sesaxeb zusti da konkretuli informacia im Jurnalistebs aqvT, romlebic am televiziebSi muSaoben, magram zogadad cnobilia, rom arian adamianebi (politikosebi, eqspertebi), romlebsac am arxebze, rogorc wesi, ar iwveven. arsebobs miTiTebebi, rogor unda moixsenion esa Tu is movlena an socialuri jgufi. sainformacio programebSi siuJetebis Tanmimdevroba da respondentebis vinaoba xSirad gaWrili vaSliviT hgavs erTmaneTs (amis Sesaxeb siuJetic moamzada studiam "ji-en-es~-ma).~ ramdenad arsebobs samarTlebrivi garantiebi, romlebic medias mis saqmianobaSi arajerovani Carevisgan daicavs?

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cenzura da TviTcenzura iuristis komentari (naTia kapanaZe): "saqarTvelos kargi kanonmdebloba aqvs mediis Tavisuflebis mxriv. sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic liberalurad da progresulad miiCneva, mediis saqmianobaSi arajerovani Carevis aRkveTis araerT meqanizms Seicavs. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba daculia konstituciiTa da kanoniT "sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb~. kanonmdebloba aseve icavs saredaqcio damoukideblobasa da uzrunvelyofs sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobas. "gamoxatvis Tavisufleba daculia saqarTvelos konstituciiT, romelic acxadebs, rom "yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad, werilobiT an sxvagvari saSualebiT.~ konstitucia aseve xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom mediis cenzura dauSvebelia. kanoni aseve krZalavs cenzuras. sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva da Jurnalistis saqmianobaSi ukanono Careva, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia. kanonmdeblobaSi arsebobs mTeli rigi debulebebi, romlebic telemauwyeblebis saredaqcio damoukideblobas exeba. "kanoni mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivma mauwyebelma, romelsac saxelmwifo afinansebs, uzrunvelyos programebis saredaqcio damoukidebloba, xolo "mauwyeblebis qcevis kodeqsi~, romelic saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis mier 2009 wlis 12 marts iqna miRebuli da savaldebulo samarTlebrivi dokumentia, kerZo mauwyeblebisgan moiTxovs, rom sxvadasxva saxis zewolisgan daicvan saredaqcio damoukidebloba da profesiuli Tavisufleba. "kanoni mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ mTavrobis uwyebebs sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze zewolis ganxorcielebas pirdapir ukrZalavs da Seicavs mTel rig debulebebs, romelTa mizani sazagadoebrivi mauwyeblis damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofaa. amis miuxedavad, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameTvalyureo sabWos formirebis wesi safuZvlian SeSfoTebas iwvevs. kanoni mmarTvel partias faqtobrivad mis mier SerCeuli kandidatebis daniSvnis uflebas aZlevs, radgan sabWos wevrebs partiebi waradgenen, prezidenti arCevs da parlamenti amtkicebs.~ telekompaniebis mflobelebi xelisuflebisTvis xelsayrel sainformacio politikas saredaqcio damoukideblobis SezRudvis xarjze atareben. amis gamo saredaqcio damoukideblobis nakleboba erT-erT mTavar problemad iyo miCneuli saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis angariSSi.

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riskis qveS Jurnalistebis SromiTi kontraqtebi iSviaTad Seicavs maT damcav debulebebs da samsaxuris dakargvis SiSi bevr maTgans aiZulebs, TviTcenzuras mimarTos da redaqtorebisa da menejerebis mier dawesebul SezRudvebs daemorCilos.

2009 wlis gazafxulze telekompania ~imedis~ ramdenime aTeulma TanamSromelma xeli moawera peticias, romelSic isini Sida cenzurisa da telekompaniis menejmentis mier dawesebuli SezRudvebis gamo protests gamoTqvamdnen. Sedegad, telekompaniis ori Jurnalisti samsaxuridan daiTxoves, oTxma televizia protestis niSnad datova, xolo ramdenime xelismomweri aiZules, rom xelmowerebze uari eTqvaT. mediis saqmianobaSi mTavrobis Carevis faqtebis garda, mTelma rigma kvlevebma mediis Rrma polarizacia da mikerZoebuloba gamoavlina, rac damoukidebeli Jurnalistikis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mTavari Semaferxebeli faqtoria. mediis dRis wesrigi xSirad xelisuflebis an opoziciis gavleniT yalibdeba da zogadad miiCneva, rom mediaerTeulebis umravlesoba erT-erTi mxaris pozicias iziarebs.

presis jixurebis aRebiT gamowveuli saprotesto aqcia Tbilisis meriasTan lozungiT `me vkiTxulob presas~

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cenzura da TviTcenzura Jurnalistebi xSirad ver axerxeben iseTi reportaJebis momzadebas, romlebic ramdenime wyaros eyrdnoba da, sadavo sakiTxebis gaSuqebis SemTxvevaSi, yvela mxaris azrs asaxavs. IREX-is daskvniT, obieqturi da kvalificiuri Jurnalistikis ganviTarebas xels gaZlierebuli politikuri kontroli da Jurnalisturi eTikis principebisadmi erTgulebis nakleboba uSlis. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, qarTuli media-erTeulebis ukiduresi polarizaciisa da mikerZoebulobis, saredaqcio zewolis, resursebisa da kvalificiuri kadrebis naklebobis gamo, bevri Jurnalisti profesiul standartebs ugulebelyobs da movlenebs mikerZoebulad da arazustad aSuqebs. es problemebi aqveiTebs mediis unars, gaaSuqos iseTi mniSvnelovani politikuri movlenebi, rogorocaa saarCevno kampaniebi. euTo-s demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ofisis misiam, romelic 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebs akvirdeboda, daaskvna, rom bevri qarTuli media-saSualeba maTi mflobelebis mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdida, xolo SedarebiT damoukidebel saredaqcio politikas mxolod ramdenime maTgani atarebda. misiis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom media zogadad amomrCevlebs mosazrebaTa farTo speqtrs sTavazobda, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis garda, yvela arxi saarCevno kampanias daubalanseblad aSuqebda da ZiriTadi arxebis axali ambebis gamoSvebebSi ar figurirebda damoukidebeli da xelisuflebis saqmianobis mimarT kritikuli mosazrebebi, agreTve kandidatebis saarCevno platformebis analizi. [15] erT-erTi SemTxveva, romelic damfuZneblisa da mTavari redaqtoris uflebamosilebebs Seexeba mediamflobelis mier saredaqcio damoukideblobaSi Carevis Sesaxeb revaz sayevariSvilis gancxadebaa. Jurnal "forbsis~ qarTuli gamocemis mTavari redaqtori 2012 wlis 27 marts Tanamdebobidan gadadga. publikaciaze muSaobis periodSi saqmis sxva detalebi cnobili ar aris.

iuristis rCevebi: cenzura ganimarteba rogorc saxelmwifos kontrol informaciis gavrcelebaze, informaciis Sinaarsze. rac Seexeba mediamflobelis an uSualo xelmZRvanelis miTiTebebs anda SezRudvebs unda dadgindes, rom es kontroli saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis gavleniT ganxorcielda. sxva SemTxvevaSi kerZo urTierTobebSi ganxorcielebuli kontroli SeiZleba Seicavdes devnis anda JurnalistisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis niSnebs.

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media organizaciebi organizaciebi, romelTac Jurnalistma SeiZleba daxmarebisaTvis mimarTos

J

urnalisturi da adamianis uflebebis damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xSirad gadamwyvet rols TamaSoben Jurnalistis tyveobidan/patimrobidan gaTavisuflebaSi, an Jurnalistis winaaRmdeg samarTlebrivi devnis SewyvetaSi. Jurnalisturi arasamTavrobo gaerTianebebs mudmivi kavSiri aqvT saerTaSoriso uflebadamcvel organizaciebTan, romelTa Careva aseve mniSvnelovania JurnalistisTvis dacvis da usafrTxoebis saTanado uzrunvelyofisTvis.

JurnalistTa xSiri urTierToba aseT organizaciebTan momxdar faqtze drouli reagirebis saSualebas iZleva. mediis warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT piradi kavSirebi daamyaron saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan imisTvis, rom safrTxis SemTxvevaSi uSualod da droulad moiTxovon daxmareba. maT droulad unda moaxdinon egreT wodebuli sagangaSo Setyobinebebis miwodeba saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis. aseve unda protestis weriliT mimarToT mTavrobas da moiTxovon Jurnalistis gaTavisufleba an mis mimarT samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta. media organizaciebma xeli unda Seuwyon dakavebuli JurnalistisTvis miukerZoebeli advokatis momsaxureobis uzrunvelyofas. aseTi saxis iuridiuli daxmareba bevri fondis mier finansdeba. maT Soris, iuridiuli daxmarebis programas axorcielebs saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia. aRniSnuli organizacia sasamarTloSi uzrunvelyofs Jurnalistis an konkretuli meia organizaciis uflebebis dacvas.

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media organizaciebi saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia (sJda) saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia (sjda) _ damoukidebeli saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirveli Jurnalisturi gaerTianebaa, romelmac JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis ( ) wevroba miiRo (2000 w.). asociacia daafuZna profesional JurnalistTa jgufma. amJamad kavSiri aerTianebs 150-ze met Jurnalists.

2003 wels saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebelma asociaciam monawileoba miiRo kavkasiisa da Sua aziis arasamTavrobo Jurnalisturi organizaciebis kavSiris ( ) dafuZnebaSi. xolo 2004 wels SeuerTda kavkasiis arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa qsels ).

2001 wels saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebelma asociaciam Seqmna da oficialurad miiRo JurnalistTa eTikis kodeqsi (qcevis kodeqsi). kodeqsi safuZvlad daedo sxva media organizaciebis eTikis kodeqss. sJda axorcielebs saqarTveloSi mediis mdgomareobis monitorings, amzadebs sagangaSo Setyobinebebs JurnalistTa mimarT gamoxatuli Tavdasxmebis an samarTlebrivi devnis Sesaxeb, awvdis maT saerTaSoriso federacias da sxva uflebadamcvel saerTaSoriso organizacias. sJda aseve daxmarebas uwevs politikuri tavSesafris mizniT ucxoeTSi myof Jurnalistebs. asociacia konsultaciebs uwevs mediis muSakebs, romlebic ganicdian devnas an aqvT konfliqti damqiravebelTan. fosta: tel: 599 077 051 / 052 / 053

qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri Seiqmna 2009 wlis noemberSi proeqtis „mediis, rogorc makontrolebeli institutis rolis gaZliereba saqarTveloSi~ farglebSi. proeqts afinansebs evropis kavSiri. proeqts axorcielebs evraziis TanamSromlobis fondi saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciasTan partniorobiT. centri mizania: Jurnalistebis dacvis, rogorc sakanonmdeblo, aseve praqtikuli meqanizmebis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba; JurnalistTa uflebebis dacva, kerZod: Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelis SeSlis SemTxvevebSi; sajaro dawesebulebebidan informaciis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebis dros; damqiravebelTan Seqmnili SromiTi xasiaTis problemebis dris. iuridiuli daxmarebisTvis Jurnalistbma centrs SeuZliaT mimarTon Semdeg misamarTebze:

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media organizaciebi Tbilisi j. kaxiZis q. #15, tel: (995 32) 93 61 01 faqsi: (995 32) 92 32 11 el-fosta: quTaisi ninoSvilis q. #3 tel/faqsi: (995 231) 4 65 23 el-fosta: duSeTi rusTavelis q. #29 tel: (995 246) 2 15 54 el-fosta: dusheti@gyla.ge baTumi vaxtang gorgaslis q. #89 tel/faqsi: (995 88 222) 7 66 68 el-fosta: batumi@gyla.ge Telavi barnovis q. #3 tel: (995 250) 7 13 71 el-fosta: ozurgeTi gabriel episkoposis q. 25/10 tel: (995 269) 63138 el-fosta: gori stalinis gamz. #18/3 tel: (995 270) 73484 faqsi: (995 270)79842 el-fosta: rusTavi kostavas gamz. #13/2 tel: (995 24) 15-53-37 el-fosta:

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media organizaciebi „solidaroba mediis TavisuflebisTvis~ 2012 wlis 1 Tebervals, beWduri, internet da samauwyeblo mediis warmomadgenlebma media gaerTianeba „solidaroba mediis TavisuflebisTvis~ daafuZnes. damfuZneblebs Soris arian: „alia holdingi~, „rezonansi~, „mediapalitra~, „saqarTvelos xma~, „bankebi da finansebi~, „mesinjeri~; „maestro~, „asaval-dasavali~, „global tivi~ _ sul 20-ze meti organizacia.

koalicia „mediis advokatirebisTvis~ TerTmetma media da sazogadoebrivma organizaciam 2011 wlis 13 aprils koalicia „mediis advokatirebisTvis~ Camoayaliba, romlis umTavresi mizani qveyanaSi arsebuli mediagaremos gaumjobesebaze zrunva da media mflobelebisa da JurnalistTa interesebis dacvaa. damfuZneblebs Soris arian: axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia; evraziis TanamSromlobis fondi; „saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelo~; samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti; saqarTvelos regionuli mediis asociacia; arasamTavrobo organizacia „samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis~; saqarTvelos regionul mauwyebelTa asociacia; regionuli mauwyeblebis qseli; Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia; mediaklubi da fondi „Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelo~.

fondi „Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo~ WoveliZis q.10, Tbilisi, 0108, saqarTvelo tel: +995 32 2 25 04 63 faqsi: +995 32 2 29 10 52 el. fosta:

saqarTvelos regionuli mediis asociacia misamarTi: vaJa-fSavelas 78a, I sadarbazo, I sarTuli; telefoni: 2102001; sakontaqto mobiluri: 599 375 373 el-fosta:

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media organizaciebi saqarTvelos regionul mauwyebelTa asociacia saqarTvelos regionul mauwyebelTa asociacia aris wevrobaze dafuZnebuli arasamTavrobo arakomerciuli organizacia, romelic aerTianebs 26 regionul tele-radio mauwyebels. asociacia daarsda 2005 wlis 3 ivniss da miznad isaxavs regionul tele-radio mauwyeblebis daxmarebas ganviTarebasa da programuli mravalferovnebis SeqmnaSi. asociaciis mizania aseve mosaxleobis xelmisawvdomobis zrda xarisxian, profesiul da damoukidebel informaciaze.

Tbilisi 0105, maCablis q. #11 telefoni: +995 (32) 2 93 44 72 el-fosta:

Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia 2009 wels samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutma, evrosabWosa da fond „Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ dafinansebiT arasamTavrobo organizacia Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia daafuZnda. proeqti eTikis principebis ganviTarebas iTvaliswinebda. aRniSnuli organizacia periodulad exmaureba mediaSi mimdinare movlenebs. eTer TuraZe: 879 223 633 irakli absanZe: 858 444 334

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media organizaciebi "JurnalistTa saerTaSiriso federaciis~ ( ) deklaracia JurnalistTa qcevis principebis Sesaxeb

e

s saerTaSoriso deklaracia aris im JurnalistTa profesiuli qcevis standarti, romlebic monawileoben informaciis SegrovebaSi, gavrcelebasda da siaxleebis komentirebaSi.

1. Jurnalisti upirvelesi movaleobaa pativi sces simarTles da sazogadoebis uflebas, rom icodes simarTle; 2. am movaleobidan gamodinare, Jurnalistma yovelTvis unda daicvas Tavisuflebis principebi informaciis patiosani gziT mopovebisas, axali ambebis gadmocemisas, aseve miukerZebeli komentarisa da kritikis ufleba; 3. informaciis gavrcelebisas Jurnalisti unda eyrdnobodes mxolod faqtebs, romlebic misTvis gaxda cnobili. Jurnalistma ar unda gadasces SerCeviTi informacia da ar gaayalbos dokumentebi; 4. Jurnalistma mxolod patiosani gziT unda moipovos axali ambebi, fotoebi da dokumentebi; 5. Jurnalistma yvelaferi unda iRonos nebismieri gamoqveynebuli informaciis Sesasworeblad, Tuki igi kritikulad arazusti aRmoCnda; 6. Jurnalistma unda daicvas profesiuli saidumloeba, im wyarosTan mimarTebaSi, romlisganac informacia konfidencialurobis pirobiT miiRo; 7. Jurnalists unda esmodes, Tu ramdenad saxifaToa mediis mier ama Tu im saxis diskriminaciis mxardaWera da yvelaferi gaakeTos

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eTikis kodeqsi rasis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva Sexedulebebis, aseve erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSobis safuZvelze damyarebuli diskriminaciis gamarTlebis Tavidan asacileblad.

8. Jurnalisti seriozul profesiul danaSaulad unda ganixilavdes Semdegs plagiati informaciis mizanmimarTuli damaxinjeba ciliswameba, dausabuTebeli braldebebi nebismieri formiT qrTamis miReba informaciis gavrcelebis an argavrcelebis sanacvlod 9. yoveli Jurnalisti, romelic sakuTar Tavs am statusis mqoned miiCnevs, Tavis movaleobad unda miiCnevdes zemoT CamoTvlili principebis ganuxrelad dacvas. Jurnalisti, Tavisi qveynis kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, profesiul sakiTxebSi mxolod Tavisi kolegebis azrs unda uwevdes angariSs da gamoricxavdes mTavrobis an sxvebis Carevas JurnalistTa saqmianobaSi. miRebulia 1954 wels, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis kongresis mier. cvlilebebi Setanilia 1986 wels, msoflio kongresze. saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia, JurnalistTa JurnalistTa saerTaSiriso federaciiss deklaracias JurnalistTa qcevis principebis Sesaxeb, 2001 wels SeuerTda. IAGJ, IFJ-s asocirebuli wevria 2001 wlidan.

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eTikis kodeqsi JurnalistTa eTikis kodeqsi saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia

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urnalistTa eTikis kodeqsi gamoiyeneba rogorc Sida saregulacio meqanizmi, erTgvari saxelmZRvanelo, romelic emyareba moralur principebs da saerTaSorisod aRiarebul normebs. warmodgenili kodeqsi SemuSavebulia ~saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciais" mier 2000 wels(miRebulia 2001 wels). qvemoT moyvanili wesebi, romlebic Jurnalisturi saqmianobis normebs aRweren, mTlianad Seesabameba evrosabWos rekomendaciebs sityvis Tavisuflebisa da Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis normebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis deklaracias Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis Taobaze. `JurnalistTa eTikis kodeqsis~ SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miiRo saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam da saqarTvelos momxmarebelTa kavSirma. maTi SeniSvnebi agreTve gaTvaliswinebulia am kodeqsSi. `JurnalistTa eTikis kodeqsis" qarTul mediaSi saerTaSoriso normebis damkvidrebisken aris mimarTuli, rac sabolood adamianTa uflebis dacvas isaxavs miznad.

Cven mivesalmebiT yoveli Jurnalistis, media organizaciis gadawyvetilebas ixelmZRvanelos am kodeqsiT.

preambula saqarTveloSi sityvis Tavisufleba garantirebulia qveynis ZiriTadi kanoniT _ konstituciiT, romelic moicavs azris, Sexedulebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis, gavrcelebis, aseve informaciis mopovebisa da gamoqveynebis uflebas. Jurnalisti am uflebaTa realizebis ZiriTadi instrumentia. masmediis nebismierma warmomadgenelma unda gaicnobieros sazogadoebis winaSe aRebuli

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profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi pasuxismgebloba _ daicvas sazogadoebis ufleba icodes simarTle. Jurnalistma patiosnad da keTilsindisierad unda ganaxorcielos profesiuli movaleobani. `Jurnalisturi eTikis kodeqsi• Seqmnilia JurnalistTa eTikis ZiriTadi principebis dasacavad. mas ar gaaCnia kanonis Zala.

1. simarTle sazogadoebamde simarTlis mitana Jurnalistis upirvelesi movaleobaa.

1.1 Jurnalisti movalea ar damalos informacia, romlis mniSvneloba da Sinaarsi mas sazogadoebis saerTo interesis sagnad aqcevs.

1.2 Jurnalistma unda gamoaqveynos iseTi Sexedulebebic, romelsac is ar eTanxmeba. im movlenaTa gaSuqebisas, romlebic azrTa sxvadasxvaobiT xasiaTdeba, maqsimalurad unda iyos daculi mxareTa Tanabrad warmoCenis principi.

2. obieqturoba Jurnalisti mudam unda icavdes samarTliani kritikisa da komentirebis uflebas.

2.1 nebismieri saxis informaciuli masala (video, audio, teqstobrivi da fotomasala) maqsimaluri sifrTxiliTa da yuradRebiT unda gadamowmdes, raTa faqti damaxinjebulad ar gadmoices. Wori da varaudi aucileblad unda gadamowmdes.

2.2 aradokumentalur ilustracias, foto da videomontaJs, aseve sxva saxecvlilebas, romelsac sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Seyvana SeuZlia, Sesabamisi minaweri unda gaukeTdes.

2.3 ama Tu im gazeTis an sxva sainformacio saSualebis mier gamoqveynebuli masalis mimoxilvisas, ar unda Seicvalos misi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi. teqstis Semcirebam, an raime damatebam ar unda gamoiwvios statiis ZiriTadi azris damaxinjeba da ar unda dauSvas sazogadoebis mier mcdari azris gamotana.

2.4 Jurnalisti yovelTvis unda asaxelebdes Tavis vinaobas informaciis wyarosTan muSaobisas. es principi SeiZleba dairRves mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu informacia sazogadoebis gansakuTrebul interess exeba da misi mopoveba sxva gziT SeuZlebelia. (ixileT 3.3) Jurnalistma gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile

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riskis qveS unda gamoiCinos intervius reziumes saxiT gadmocemisas, imisTvis, rom ar Seilaxos respondentis, rogorc Tanaavtoris ufleba.

2.5 mkiTxvelTa werilebi redaqciaSi Semosuli werili unda gamoqveyndes Sesabamisi minaweriT, imisTvis, rom sazogadoebam icodes vin aris avtori. amasTan, werilidan unda Candes, rom avtors surs misi gamoqveyneba. redaqcia damoukideblad iRebs Semosuli werilis gamoqveynebis, an aRniSnulze uaris Tqmis gadawyvetilebas. am mizniT, Sesabamisad unda iyos ganxiluli werilis Sinaarsi. kerZod, exeba, Tu ara is sazogadoebis saerTo interess.

Jurnalistebma sifrTxile unda gamoiCinon, raTa ar gamoqveyndes mkiTxvelTa iseTi werilebi, romlebic mesame piris damamcirebel gancxadebebs Seicaven. redaqciam saSualeba unda misces dainteresebul pirs, imave saSualebiT pasuxi gasces mis mimarT gamoTqmul braldebas, romelsac gamoqveynebuli werili Seicavda. fiqtiur mkiTxvelTa werilebis gamoqveyneba sazogadoebis motyuebaa. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs raime eWvi werilis warmoSobasTan dakavSirebiT, Jurnalisti valdebulia gadaamowmos igi. saredaqcio kolegiam maqsimalurad unda daicvas Semosuli werilis Sinaarsi, misi Semcirebis SemTxvevaSi. amasTan, kolegiam, werilis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetileba aucileblad unda SeaTanxmos mis avtorTan.

3. patiosneba 3.1 movlenebi da siaxleebi Jurnalistma unda aRweros mxolod im faqtebze dayrdnobiT, romelTa utyuarobaSic is darwmunebulia. Jurnalistma ar unda damalos arsebiTi informacia an gaayalbos dokumentebi.

3.2 Jurnalistma Tavi unda aaridos informaciis, siaxleebisa da fotosuraTebis ukanono gziT mopovebas.

3.3 mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa Jurnalisturi kvlevis saidumlod warmarTva. kerZod, Tu is aaSkaravebs sazogadoebisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan informacias, romlis miReba sxva gziT SeuZlebeli iyo. sazogadoebrivi interesi ar amarlebs siaxleTa mopovebis mizniT Cadenil ukanonobas.

3.4 informaciis gadmocemisas, an komentirebisas daSvebuli uzustoba (Tu is momavalSi aseTad iqna aRiarebuli), imavdroulad

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profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi da imave saSualebiT unda Seswordes imave uwyebis an Jurnalistis mier, romelmac informacia gamoaqveyna. amasTan erTad, uarmyofeli gancxadeba maSinac unda gakeTdes, rodesac daSvebuli Secdoma sxva adgilas sajarod iqna aRiarebuli.

4. konfidencialuroba Jurnalistma unda daicvas profesiuli saidumloeba _ konfidencialurad mowodebuli informaciis wyaro. am wesis wesabamisad, Jurnalistma unda daicvas gaumJRavneblobis Taobaze, informatorisTvis micemuli piroba. es piroba SeiZleba dairRves mxolod maSin, Tu informacia kriminaluri aqtis dagegmvas, an adamianTa sicocxlisaTvis mosalodnel saSiSroebas exeba.

5. damoukidebloba Jurnalistma ar unda dauSvas misi saqmianobis kerZo interesebiT, borotad gamoyeneba.

5.1 Jurnalistma profesiuli movaleobani gareSe pirTa Caurevlad unda ganaxorcielos. kerZod, xelisuflebis, an sxva gareSe pirTa mxridan zemoqmedebam ar unda xelyos Jurnalisturi saqmianobis damoukidebloba da ar unda Secvalos Jurnalituri masalebis Sinaarsi. masmediis nebismieri warmomadgeneli valdebulia winaaRmdegoba gauwios yvelas, vinc maT damoukideblobas laxavs. es principi exeba im SemTxvevebsac, rodesac masalaSi moyvanili faqtebis gayalbebas im sainformacio uwyebis xelmZRvaneli cdilobs, sadac Jurnalisti muSaobs.

5.2 Jurnalisti romelic paralelurad samTavrobo uwyebaSi muSaobs, valdebulia Tavidan aicilos interesTa konfliqti da gamijnos sajaro movaleobebi Jurnalisturi saqmianobisagan, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca Jurnalisturi saqmianoba sajaro movaleobebis ganuyofeli nawilia.

5.3 gaumarTlebelia mesame piris kerZo, an finansuri interesebis gavlenis qveS momzadebuli saredaqcio masalis an Sexedulebis gamoqveyneba. reklama da saredaqcio masala naTlad unda iyos gamijnuli. imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Seyvana Tavidan iqnas acilebuli, reklama Sesabamisi formiT, minaweriT, an komentariT unda gamoqveyndes.

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riskis qveS 5.4 Jurnalistis mier sazogadoebis winaSe aRebuli pasuxismgebloba zRudavs farul reklamas saredaqcio masalebis meSveobiT. 5.5 Jurnalisturi saqmianobis damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis principi gamoricxavs Jurnalistis mier iseTi saxis saCuqris miRebas, romelsac misi profesiuli Tavisuflebis xelyofa SeuZlia.

6. adamianis uflebebis pativiscema Jurnalisti pativs unda scemdes adamianis pirad cxovrebas da socialur garemos, romelSic is cxovrobs. Tumca, Tu ama Tu im piris mier Cadenili qmedeba ukavSirdeba sazogadoebas, es sakiTxi SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnas JurnalistTa mier. aseT SemTxvevebSi Jurnalistebma unda gamoiCinon sifrTxile, raTa ar xelyon sxva gareSe pirTa piradi uflebebi.

6.1 Jurnalistma sifrTxile unda gamoiCinos samarTaldarRvevis, an ubedur faqtebTan dakaSirebuli movlenebis aRwerisas. is unda ecados, Tavisi saqcieliT safrTxeSi ar Caagdos adamianTa sicocxle. aseTi movlenebis aRwerisas, gaumarTlebelia dazaralebulis, eWvmitanilis an maTi naTesavebis vinaobis dasaxeleba an iseTi informatiuli masalis gamoqveyneba, rac aSkarad, am pirTa identifikaciis saSualebas iZleva. imisaTvis, rom sazogadoeba gaerkves movlenaSi vinaobis identificireba ar aris aucilebeli. es wesi SeiZleba dairRves mxolod iseTi garemoebebisas, rodesac dazaralebuli an eWvmitanili cnobili pirovnebaa (Tanamdebobis piri, sazogado moRvawe da sxva), rac movlenas farTo sazogadoebriv interess ukavSirebs.

6.2 gaumarTlebelia sisxlis samarTlis ZebnasTan, gamoZiebasTan an sasamarTlo procesTan dakavSirebul reportaJSi tendenciuri saxis komentarisa Tu Sefasebis keTeba. danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli piri ar SeiZleba damnaSaved iqnas warmodgenili manam, vidre mis mier danaSulis Cadena ar damtkicdeba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT da ar dadgindeba kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli, sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. 6.3 gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile unda iyos gamoCenili im kriminaluri faqtebis aRwerisas, sadac saqme arasrulwlovans exeba. arasrulwlovanTa momavlis pativiscemis principi zRudavs arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa saxelebisa Tu gamosaxulebis

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profesiuli eTiikis kodeqsi gamoqveynebas. garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, aseT pirze Zebnaa gamocxadebuli. es wesi exeba im SemTxvevebsac, rodesac dazaralebuli arasrulwlovania.

6.4 Jurnalistma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamoiCinos stiqiur, an sxva ubedur SemTxvevebSi. man aseTi SemTxvevebis dros, prioritetad unda miiCnios adamianTa sicocxlis gadarCena da samsaxureobrivi movaleoba meore planze daayenos. aseT SemTxvevebSi, dauSvebelia dazaralebulTa grZnobebiT manipulireba.

6.5 dauSvebelia pirovnebis diskriminacia rasis, sqesis, erovnebis, religiis, fizikuri mdgomareobis, seqsualuri, politikuri orientaciisa da socialuri niSniT. Jurnalisti unda moeridos adamianis romelime am niSnisadmi kuTvnilebis dasaxelebas, Tu es aucilebeli ar aris momxdar faqtSi Tu movlenaSi sazogadoebis gasarkvevad. Jurnalistma maqsimaluri sifrTxile unda gamoiCinos, raTa ar xelyos individis pativi da Rirseba.

6.6 dauSvebelia plagiati, usafuZvlo dadanaSauleba. ~Jurnalisturi eTikis kodeqs"-Si gaTvaliswinebulia JurnalistTa profesiuli saqmianobis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli principebi. kodeqsis teqsti moamzada: zviad foCxua , geno joxaZe, saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia. 2000 weli. eqspertiza: saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, saqarTvelos momxmarebelTa kavSiri, 2000 weli. ~saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia" JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis -s wevri organizaciaa. is aseve, kavkasiisa da Sua aziis Jurnalisturi organizaciebis qselis ( damfuZnebeli da sruluflebiani wevria. yuradReba: aRniSnuli dokumentis gamoqveyneba nebadarTulia mxolod misi originaluri wyaros miTiTebiT. teqstis cvlileba an raime saxiT damaxinjeba, an wyaros Secvla dauSvebelia. gamoyenebuli liter

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riskis qveS literatura da wyaroebi

5. sainformacio saagento „kavkas-presi~; gazeTi „rezonansi~ („cxinvalSi qarTveli Jurnalistebi daakaves~, 11 ivnisi, 2004) 6. giorgi abdalaZis aRiarebiTi Cvenebis stenograma da dakiTxvis videoCanaweri: 7. radio „Tavisufleba~, koba liklikaZe _ 25.01.2009 _ nana faJava, zugdidi. 01.10.2008 9. aleqsandre baramiZis leqcia sityvis Tavisufleba qarTul samarTalSi, ax/iuristta asoc. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, pirveli tomi, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba aSS-sa da evropaSi, Tavisuflebis instituti, Tbilisi, 2005. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, meore tomi, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi, Tavisuflebis instituti, Tbilisi, 2005. adamianis uflebebi, wigni I, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, Semdgeneli: zurab adeiSvili, levan ramiSvili da alan mileri. informaciis Tavisufleba, gzamkvlevi, Tbilisi, 2001. eka gociriZe, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba RirebulebaTa konfliqtSi, Tbilisi, 2008.

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profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi `saerTaSoriso qcevis kodeqsi usafrTxo Jurnalisturi saqmianobisTvis~ (IFJ)

s

a frTxeebi, romlebic riskis zonaSi momuSave Jurnalistebs emuqrebaT, Zalian bevria.

Jurnalistebi iRupebian, an Savdebian omSi, an mxareTa dapirispirebis da Zaladobis msxverplni xdebian. zogierTni, teroristebis, kriminalebis an kanonsawinaaRmdegod moqmedi, samTavrobo organoebis, maT Soris policiis, samxedro an uSiSroebis Zalebis msxverpli xdeba.

Zaladoba mediis winaaRmdeg, Jurnalisturi mokvlevis SesaCereblad, albaT momavalSic ganmeordeba, miuxedavad imisa, usafrTxoebis ra zomebia miRebuli. Tumca aris meTodebi, romlebsac media organizaciebma da Jurnalistebma unda mimarTon riskebis minimumamde dasayvanad. kerZod, Semdegi rekomendaciebi aris sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisTvis: saTanado momzadeba, treiningi da socialuri dacva. aucilebelia, rom Jurnalistebi, sirTuleebis gaCenisas, iyvnen mzadyofnaSi. unda arsebobdes dadgenili wesi JurnalistebisTvis samedicino daxmarebis da socialuri dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. media profesionalebi unda iyvnen informirebulni politikuri, fizikuri da socialuri sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic isini muSaoben. riskis ugulvebelyobiT da umoqmedobiT isini ar unda uwyobdnen xels gaurkvevelobas da safrTxis pirobebSi muSaobas. media organizaciebma Tavi unda aaridon komerciuli miznebiT, safrTxeSi Tavis Cagdebas. maT xeli unda Seuwyon Jurnalistebs Soris TanamSromlobas, rodesac viTareba xifaTis momaswavlebelia. mTavrobebma unda moxsnan yovelgvari dabrkoleba JurnalistebisTvis. saWiroebis gareSe, maT ar unda SezRudon JurnalistTa Tavisufali gadaadgileba an mediis ufleba Seagrovos informacia, awarmoos da gaavrcelos is usafrTxo garemoSi.

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riskis qveS xelebi Sors mediisgan. yvelam unda pativi sces, muSaobis dros, JurnalistTa da media muSakTa erTianobis princips. fizikuri Careva gadaRebis dros an sxva Jurnalisturi saqmianobis dros unda iyos akrZaluli. am principebze dayrdnobiT, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia mouwodebs Jurnalistur gaerTianebebs, media organizaciebs da yvela Sesabamis saxelisuflo struqturebs, pativi scen qveviT mocemul kodeqs: "saerTaSoriso qcevis kodeqsi usafrTxo Jurnalisturi saqmianobisTvis" 1 Jurnalistebi da mediis muSakebi unda Sesabamisad iyvnen aRWurvilni yvela davalebisTvis, maT Soris, pirveladi daxmarebis sagnebiT, komunikaciis saSualebebiT, adekvaturi transportiT da sadac saWiroa, sxeulis damcveli ekipirebiT. 2 media organizaciebma da garkveul SemTxvevebSi, xelisuflebam, unda Caataron riskebTan gacnobis treningi im JurnalistebisTvis da mediis muSakebisTvis, romlebsac SesaZloa mouwioT davalebis Sesruleba xifaTis Semcvel pirobebSi an sadac xifaTi mosalodnelia.

3 xelisuflebam unda acnobos mis personals JurnalistTa uflebebis pativiscemis aucileblobis Sesaxeb da Caataros instruqtaJi, raTa mediis muSakTa da JurnalistTa fizikuri erTianoba pqrofesiuli saqmianobis dros, ar iyos xelyofili.

4 media organizaciebma socialuri dacviT unda uzrunvelyon yvela TanamSromeli, romelic normaluri samuSao adgilidan moSorebiT, Jurnalistur saqmianobaSia CarTuli.

5 media organizaciebmaufaso samedicino daxmarebiT da reabilitaciis xarjis dafarviT unda uzrunvelyon is Jurnalistebi, romlebic, normaluri samuSao adgilidan moSorebiT, Jurnalisturi saqmianobis dros daavadnen an daSavdnen.

6 media organizaciebma unda daicvan uStato da naxevarganakveTze myofi TanamSromlebi. maT unda mieceT saSualeba isargeblon iseTive socialuri dacviT, aseve specialuri aRWurvilobiT sargeblobis da treningebSi monawileobis uflebiT, rogoric srul ganakveTze momuSave TanamSromlebisTvisaa xelmisawvdomi. kodeqsi naTargmnia saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociaciis mier. gamoyenebisas wyaros miTiTeba savaldebuloa.

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saerTaSoriso media organizaciebi International Federation of Journalists Website: www.ifj.org IPC - Residence Palace, Bloc C, rue de la Loi 155, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (32) 2 235 2200 Fax: (32) 2 235 2219 Email: ifj@ifj.org IFJ Safety Fund 266, rue Royale, 1210 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (32) 2 223 22 65 Fax: (32) 2 219 29 76 Email: ifj.safety@pophost.eunet. be Article 19 Website: www.article19.org 6-8 Amwell Street, London EC1R 1UQ, United Kingdom Tel: (44) 20 7278 9292 Fax: (44) 20 7278 7660 Amnesty International amnesty.org.ua info@amnesty. org.ua 1 Easton Street, London WC1X ODW, United Kingdom Tel: (44) 2074 135 500 Fax: (44) 20 7956 1157 Website: www.amnesty.org Committee to Proteсt Journalists (CPJ) Website: www.cpj.org 330 Seventh Avenue, 12th Floor, New York NY 10001, USA Tel: (1) 212 465-1004 Fax: (1) 212 465-9568 Human Rights Watсh Website: www.hrw.org 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York NY 10018 - 3299, USA Tel: (1) 212 290-4700 Fax: (1) 212 736-1300 Index on Censorship Website: www.indexonline.org 6-8 Amwell Street, London EC1R 1UQ, United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 20 7278 2313 Fax: (44) 20 7278 1878 International Federation of Human Rights Leagues: Website: www.fidh.org 17 passage de la Main d’Or, 75011 Paris, France Tel: (33) 1 43 55 25 18 Fax: (33) 1 43 55 18 80 IFEX - International Freedom of Expression Exchange ifex@ifex.org.

Website: www.ifex.cjes.ru 555 Richmond St. W. #1101, P.O.B. 407, Toronto, Ontario M5V 3B1 Canada Tel: +1 416 515 9622 x235 Fax: +1 416 515 7879 Email: ifex@ifex.org International Media Support Website: http://www.i-m-s.dk/ Wilders Plads SA 1403 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 3269 8989 E-mail: ims@i-m-s.dk International News Safety Institute Résidence Palace, Block C 155 rue de la Loi B-1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 235 22 01 Fax: +32 2 235 22 19 Email: info@newssafety.com Website: www.newssafety.com Tel: + 44 207 737 76 28 Mobile: + 44 7734 70 92 67 Email: rodney.pinder@ newssafety.com International PEN Website: www. internationalpen.org.uk 9-10 Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road, London EC1M 7AT, United Kingdom Tel: (44) 207 253 4308 Fax: (44) 207 253 5711

International Press Institute Website: www.freemedia.at Spiegelgasse 2, A-1010, Vienna, Austria Tel: (43) 1 512 9011 Fax: (43) 1 512 9014 Reporters Without Borders Website: www.rsf.org 5 rue Geoffroy Marie, 75009 Paris, France Tel: (33) 1 44 83 84 84 Fax: (33) 1 45 23 11 51 E-mail: rsf@rsf.org United Nations Human Rights Centre Website: www.un.org Palais des Nations, 8-14 avenue de la Paix, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Tel: (41) 22 917 42 11 Fax: (41) 22 917 01 23 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Website: www.unhcr.ch Case Postale 2500, 1211 Genève 2 Dépôt, Suisse Tel: (41) 22 739 81 11 Fax: (41) 22 731 95 46 World Association of Newspapers Website: www.wan-press.org 7 rue Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France Tel: (33) 1 47 42 85 00 Fax: (33) 1 47 42 49 48 World Press Freedom Committee Website: www.wpfc.org 11690-C Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston VA 20191, USA Tel: (1) 703 715-9811 Fax: (1) 703 620-6790

3

riskis

qveS

JurnalistTa riskis usafrTxoebis saxelmZRvanelo

qveS

saerTaSoriso qcevis kodeqsi usafrTxo

Jurnalisturi saqmianobisTvis 1. Jurnalistebi da mediis muSakebi yvela davalebisTvis, Sesabamisad unda iyvnen aRWurvilni, maT Soris, pirveladi daxmarebis nivTebiT, komunikaciis saSualebebiT, adekvaturi transportiT da sadac saWiroa, sxeulis damcveli ekipirebiT. 2. media organizaciebma da garkveul SemTxvevebSi, xelisuflebam, unda Caataron riskebTan gacnobis treningi im JurnalistebisTvis da mediis muSakebisTvis, romlebsac SesaZloa mouwioT davalebis Sesruleba xifaTis Semcvel pirobebSi an sadac xifaTi mosalodnelia.

3. xelisuflebam unda acnobos mis personals JurnalistTa uflebebis pativiscemis aucileblobis Sesaxeb da Caataros instruqtaJi, raTa mediis muSakTa da JurnalistTa fizikuri erTianoba pqrofesiuli saqmianobis dros, ar iyos xelyofili.

4. media organizaciebma socialuri dacviT unda uzrunvelyon yvela TanamSromeli, romelic normaluri samuSao adgilidan moSorebiT, Jurnalistur saqmianobaSia CarTuli.

5. media organizaciebmaufaso samedicino daxmarebiT da reabilitaciis xarjis dafarviT unda uzrunvelyon is Jurnalistebi, romlebic, normaluri samuSao adgilidan moSorebiT, Jurnalisturi saqmianobis dros daavadnen an daSavdnen.

6. media organizaciebma unda daicvan uStato da naxevarganakveTze myofi TanamSromlebi. maT unda mieceT saSualeba isargeblon iseTive socialuri dacviT, aseve specialuri aRWurvilobiT sargeblobis da treningebSi monawileobis uflebiT, rogoric srul ganakveTze momuSave TanamSromlebisTvisaa xelmisawvdomi.

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saqarTvelos JurnalistTa damoukidebeli asociacia 2012, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo