i-Function® - An Introduction

An Introduction to i-Function ®

Our Mission To help people gain confidence and live more productive lives by providing innovative and effective tools that: l Facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of cognitive

problems potentially related to Alzheimer’s disease (LASSI-L™) l Assess and train everyday functional skills (FUNSAT™)

Our Company A research and technology-driven company with bases in Miami (HQ) and New York. i-Function® was co-founded by three experienced industry professionals: l Professor Sara J. Czaja, PhD (CSO—Aging) l Professor Philip D. Harvey, PhD

(CSO—Neuropsychiatric Conditions) l Peter Kallestrup, MS (CEO) Both current products, the LASSI-L™ and the FUNSAT™ are: l Commercially available, with distinct advantages

and in continuous development. l Supported by several grants from the NIH. l Scientifically very well documented via peer-reviewed

published studies. l Available in both English and Spanish.

i-Function®, Inc. 1 951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 300 Miami, Florida 331 36, USA

Phone: (1) 786-347-6125 www.i-Function.com E-mail: info@i-Function.com

Our Founders Sara J. Czaja, PhD is a Professor of Gerontology and the Director of the Center on Aging and Behavioral Research at Weill Cornell College of Medicine. She is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the former Director of the Center on Aging at the University of Miami. She is also the Director of the Center on Research and Education for Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE).

Philip D. Harvey, PhD is the Leonard M. Miller Professor of Psychiatry and director of the Division of Psychology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. He was formerly professor of Psychiatry at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine. He is a widely cited author who was repeatedly designated by Thompson-Reuters as the being in the top 1 % of all researchers in mental health in citations each year since 201 0. He has served on several National Academy of Medicine Panels and headed a blue ribbon panel jointly launched by the Social Security Administration and the National Institute of Mental Health with a goal of streamlining the process of award of social security disability to people with severe mental illness.

Peter Kallestrup, MS is the Co-founder and CEO of i-Function®. In this capacity his focus for the last six years has been to bring better and economically more accessible cognitive and functional skills assessment and/or training tools to population segments that today have little or no access to this quality of life improving assistance and to further develop the i-Function® product portfolio. This is done by merging evidence based research with technological opportunities Learn more about our founders on the i-Function® website.

Product and Benefits: LASSI-L™ Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating condition that significantly impacts the rapidly aging population. Emerging therapies will be most effective if applied during the earliest stages of AD-related Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), before multi-system brain degeneration has occurred. While many paper-pencil and computerized tests can detect MCI, they have not been proven sensitive to preclinical AD states.

The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L™) is a validated cognitive challenge test that can differentiate between older adults who are cognitively normal from those with the earliest stages of amnestic MCI (aMCI) and with PreMCI more effectively than other traditional neuropsychological measures.

Results: LASSI-L™ l The LASSI-L™ is highly sensitive to the risk for transition to

dementia from aMCI within an approx. 2–3 year timeframe, compared to cognitively stable individuals.* l Only approx. 11 % of progressing cases are not detected

(89% Sensitivity) and only approx. 14 % of cases that do not progress perform in the range of cases that do progress (86% Specificity). This means that there are relatively few missed cases (false negatives) and false positives.* l Has shown equally high discriminant validity in populations

that have been underrepresented in Alzheimer’s disease research, namely, Hispanics and African-Americans. l Is expected to be available in Q

2, 2024 in a cloud-based,

and easily deliverable version. *Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States; Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord; June 2021.

Documentation The LASSI-L™ is well documented with research supported by the NIH and published in several high impact scientific journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurology and Journal of Psychiatric Research: A full list can be found at: https://i-function.com/lassi-l-publications/ Sensitivity and Specficity of LASSI-L™ Scores for Development of Dementia Compared to Common Blood Tests for Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes

Maynard JD, Rohrscheib M, Way JF, Nguyen CM, Ediger MN. Noninvasive type 2 diabetes screening: superior sensitivity to fasting plasma glucose and A1C. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(5):11 20-11 24. doi:1 0.2337/dc06-2377.

Product & Benefits: FUNSAT™ The FUNSAT™ (R&D named CFSAT) is a cloud-based assessment and training software program which bridges the “real world functioning skills” gap between daily life, functional skills and technology. It is designed to help people regain their prior functional skills or assist them with the acquisition of new functional skills such as those needed to manage emerging and existing technologies or increase independence.

It is offered as a stand-alone assessment solution or as combined assessment and training. It can be delivered on either computers (PC or Mac) or tablets (Android or iOS).

Available FUNSAT™ Tasks Using an ATM

Online banking

Using a metro ticket kiosk

Online Shopping and Prescription Refill (Ugreens)

Phone prescription refill

Prescription label comprehension and medication organizer

Participant Confidence Levels*

Ticket Kiosk

ATM

Online Banking

Medication Prescription Management Refill

Ugreens

Numbers represent the confidence levels of graduating study participants in being able to perform “real world” tasks after the end of training. *A Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training Program Targeting Technology Based Everyday Functional Skills; Journal of Visual Experiments; 2020.

Results: FUNSAT™ l Can deliver improvements in functional skills of 40–60%

after an avg. of 5–10 training sessions for older adults 60+ with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and older adults with mental illness. l Allows users with MCI to potentially reach post-training

performance results which are better than pre-training performance of users with normal cognition. l Increases productivity for clinicians, caregivers and

researchers up to 10–fold. l Allows companies to expand business with existing

customers and attract new customers. l Translates training gains into “real world” use.

Documentation The FUNSAT™ is well documented with research supported by the NIH and published in several high impact scientific journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Innovation in Aging, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Current Psychiatry. A full list can be found at: https://i-function.com/funsat-publications/

The FUNSAT™ is in use and has been used by researchers and clinicians at a number of top US medical facilities as well as by a large global pharmaceutical company.

ELDER FRAUD l Only 26 % of Americans 65+ report feeling very confident

using computers, smartphones, and other devices.1 l Estimated financial fraud losses sustained by seniors in 2020 increased over 40 % compared to 201 9.1 l It’s estimated that only 1 in 44 elder financial abuse cases are ever reported.2 l Older adults lose as much as $36.5 billion a year to financial abuse.2 l Women are twice as likely as men to be victims. Most live alone.2 l Cognitive impairment and the need for help with activities of daily living make victims more vulnerable to financial abuse.2 CONSEQUENCES OF MEDICATION NON-ADHERENCE l In the United States, an estimated 3 million older adults are

admitted to nursing homes due to errors in medication self-administration, at an estimated annual cost of more than $1 4 billion. 1 l Approximately 1 0–1 7% of hospital admissions of older adults are related to adverse drug reactions associated with self-administration errors.1 l Poor medication adherence, associated with failures to refill prescriptions, kills 1 25,000 Americans annually, and costs the health care system nearly $300 billion a year. 3 l Medication management training increases ability by 40%, potentially saving 50,000 lives and $1 20 billion each year.4 l 95% of older adults would use medical technology if their physicians recommended it, and 91 % would use it if it lowered their costs.5 l More than 77% of Americans over the age of 65 say they need help using their computers, smartphones, or tablets.6 l Between 41 % and 59% of mentally ill patients take their medication infrequently or not at all. This contributes to larger societal issues including unemployment, homelessness, and suicide.1 l Although about two-thirds of Americans have a prescription medication, approximately 50 % of people do not take their medications as prescribed.1

“After the training I filled a prescription via phone for the first time in my life. I wouldn’t have been able to do it without this study—it was great!”

Participant in a 201 5/201 6 study at the Center on Aging and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami led by Sara J. Czaja, PhD and Philip D. Harvey, PhD.

1 National Center for Biotechnology Information 2 National Adult Protective Services Association 3 American Heart Association

4 Medical Economics 5 Today’s Geriatric Medicine 6 Pew Research Center