Bukhansanseong Fortress(english)

BUKHANSANSEONG FORTRESS

View of Bukhansanseong Fortress from Sky (Around Daenammun Gate)

BUKHANSANSEONG FORTRESS

Bukhando map of Bukhanji historic document(1745, Seong-neung), housed in Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University

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Bukhansanseong Fortress Old map

Introduction of Bukhansanseong Fortress

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Bukhansanseong Fortress Chronology

Future of Bukhansanseong Fortress

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Contents

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Present of Bukhansanseong Fortress

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Past of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Jungseongmun Gate Jungseongmun Gate (Middle fortress gate) was built to supplement the Western part of the fortress, which was the weakest defense position of the fortress. Its dual wall was built in 1714 with Jungseong (middle fortress) and current gate pavilion and its battlement were reconstructed in 1998.

The style of gate pavilion is hipped roof and a circular column was used as foundation stone . It is consisted of 3 kans (The unit of space in between the pillars of a building) in the front and 2 kans on the sides.

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Daenammun Gate Daenammun Gate(great south gate) is located Southern part of Bukhansanseong Fortress. It was originally called Sonammun Gate(small south gate) when it was built. The style of gate pavilion is hipped roof and octagonal columns were used as foundation stone. The Gate’s pavilion, battlement, and near walls were restored in 1991. Munsusa Buddhist temple also can be seen outer side of the gate.

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Daedongmun Gate

Baekundong Auxiliary Gate

It was originally called Sodongmun Gate (small east gate) and its gate pavilion and near walls was restored in 1993. The style of gate pavilion is hipped roof and octagonal columns were used as foundation stone.

Baekundong Auxiliary Gate is the highest gate in Bukhansanseong Fortress. This auxiliary gate was used by pedestrians during peace time and secret passage during war time. Baekundong Auxiliary Gate is flat-top style gate without gate pavilion. Recently, walls in Baekundong area were restored.

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Bukhansanseong Fortress(北漢山城), Designated Heritage No.: 162, Designated date: 1968. 12. 05 Designated area: 494,516㎡ Location: San 1-1 Bukhan-dong, Deokyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do

Introduction of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Bukhansanseong Fortress is stone-walled fortress that was constructed by connecting various peaks of Bukhansan Mountain. Its length is 11.6km, including natural wall, and inner area is 5.3㎢. Debates over necessity of defending the capital by constructing fortress wall began in early Joseon Dynasty.

However, actual construction had not begun until 100 years after Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 and, Manchu invasion of Korea in 1636. In 1711 (37th years of King Suk-Jong), unlike the debate, the construction of fortress only took six months. Fast construction was possible due to higher level of construction technology and system. 6 main gates, 8 auxiliary gates, and 2 water gates were built along the fortress wall and 143 barracks were built to station soldiers, which enhanced the defensive utility

Capital Protection

Bukhansanseong Fortress wall (Buwangdong Sector)

Bukhansanseong Fortress in winter(Daeseomun Gate)

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Wall height of Bukhansanseong Fortress was differed by flat terrain, peak and mountainous region in order to harmonize with the nature.

Standard wall height was implemented in the valley area, but in stiff terrain, lower height wall was built. any walls were not built around peak area, instead, natural wall was utilized and total length of natural wall was 4.3km. Unique characteristics of Bukhansanseong Fortress compare to other fortresses in Korea are; various wall heights depended on terrains, battlement made of one stone, omission of outworks (Ongseong) and bastions, and dual wall construction.

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01 Jungseongmun Gate

02 Bukmun Gate

April, 1712 (38th years of King SukJong), King SukJong visited the Bukhansanseong Fortress. He was concerned about enemy invasion through the lowest terrain in Western part of Bukhansanseong Fortress and ordered construction of inner wall to protect the vulnerable area. Construction of Inner wall was completed in 1714 (40th years of King Suk-Jong).

Bukmun (North gate) forfeited its function as main gate in 18th century and heavy rain in 1988 destroyed the gate and near wall. The restoration process of the gate was started in 1993. Although gate’s pavilion was not restored, 5 open-sided foundation stones remained.

03 Fortress wall between

Daeseomun and Watergate Fortress wall between Daeseomun and Watergate was built depending on the angle of the fortress wall terrain.

Rectangular shaped stones were stacked meticulously and vertically with slightly inclined angle.

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북한산성 소개 Buk-mun

Seo-am-mun

Bukhansanseong Fortress Old Map

ity -c ng a y Go e, Baek-Wun-Bong am-mun c gu kin bu ov r g -P an gi ,G ty ng ci o l e ou Gy Se

Sang-Wun-Sa

Water Gate

Amita-Sa

Seo-Am-Sa

Dae-Seo-mun

Mu-Ryang-Sa

Buk-Jang-Dae-Ji Hun-Ryeon-Do-Gam-Yu-Young-Ji

Yong-am-mun Yong-Am-Sa-Ji

Water Gate No-Jeok-Sa

Jong-Seong-mun

Jong-Seong-am-mun

Guk-Nyeong-Sa

Jong-Seong-mun

Jeung-Heung-Sa Tae-Go-Sa San-Young

, Eun l city Seou

city ang, Goy ince Prov nggigu Gyeo ong-pye

Dong-Jang-Dae

Bu-Wang-Sa

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Ho-Jo-Chang-Ji Gyeong-Ri-Chung Sang-Change-Ji

Dae-Dong-mun Bu-Wang-Dong-am-mun

Doseongyeonyungbukhanhapdo map of Donggukyeodo Map(Early 19C., 47.0x66.0cm), housed in Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University Doseongyeonyungbukhanhapdo map of Donggukyeodo Map depicted the general understanding of the area.

It only depicted important roads, and river ports. The protection of Joseon’s capital was completed with the complete construction of Bukhansanseong Fortress in 1711 and Tangchundaeseong Fortress in 1719.

Seoul city, Gang-buk-gu

Haeng-Gung-Ji of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Geum-Wei-Young Yu-Young-Ji Nam-Jang-Dae-Ji

Eo-Young-Cheong Yu-Young-Ji

Bo-Guk-mun

Seoul city, Seong-buk-gu

Cheong-Su-Dong-am-mun

Dae-Seong-mun Dae-Nam-mun

Location of Cultural Properties of Bukhansanseong

Gyeonggi-Province, Goyang-city

Tang-chun-dae-seong

Seoul city, Jong-ro-gu

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Partially enlarged map centered on Bukhansanseong of Gyeongdo Capital map included in Haedongjido map.

Gyeongdo Capital, (Early 1750s, 47.0x30.5cm)Haedongjido map, housed in Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University

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북한산성 소개

Bukhansanseong Fortress CHRONOLOGY

The three Kingdoms

Goryeo Dynasty

Joseon Dynasty

▶ Attached to Goguryeo Bukhansan Unit.

▶ Emperor Shengzong of Khitan Liao dynasty invaded

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April 3rd 1711, Construction of Bukhansanseong Fortress began. 5)

It wsa also called South Pyongyang.

Goryeo with 400,000 soldiers in 1010. King Hyeonjong of

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ugust 1711, King SukJong designated U-Hang Kim and Eun-Kang Lee as Chiefs of temporary palace construction and set up the A organization for building temporary palace in Bukhansanseong Fortress. 6)

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ctober 1711, Construction of Bukhansanseong Fortress was completed (13 gates, 1 temporary palace, 3 command posts, O 8 storage units, 18 Buddhist temples, 2 hermitages, 3 pavilions, 7 bridges, bridges military barr acks, 26 ponds, and 99 wells). 7)

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April 1712, King SukJong of Joseon traveled to Bukhansanseong Fortress and ordered to build Jungseong. 8)

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September 1712, Gyeongrichung was established to and functioned as the main organization to manage Bukhansanseong Fortress. 9)

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1 745,Chief of Buddhist soldier, Seong-neung Buddhist master published the Bukhan-ji, which contains the construction process and status of the Bukhansanseong Fortress.

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August 1760, King Young-jo of Joseon visited Bukhansan Mountain 10)

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1 745,Chief of Buddhistsoldier, Seong-neung Buddhist master published the Bukhan-ji, which contains the construction process and status of the Bukhansanseong Fortress.

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August 170, KingYoung-jo of Joseon visited Bukhansan Mountain. 11)

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pril 1772, King Young-jo and the prince(later became King Jung-jo of Joseon) visited Bukhansanseong Temporary palace and climbed A to Si-dan peak.12)

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1793, Bukhansanseong Fortress was renovated. 13) 1894, Gyeongrichung was ordered to be closed.

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▶ Bukhansanseong was built by King Gaeru of

Baekje(year 132) 2) ▶ King Jinheung of Silla captured Hanseong

area in year 553 and erected the monuments commemorating King Jinheung’s tour

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『 北漢誌』 ◎沿革 ‘本高句麗北漢山郡 一云南平壤…’ 『三國史記』卷23 「百濟本紀」 第1 蓋婁王 “五年, 春二月, 築北漢山城” 백제 개루왕 5년(132) 2월 백제가 하남 위례성에 도읍하던 때 (온조의 건국은 기원전 18년) 도성을 지키는 북방의 성으로 축성 3 『高麗史』卷4, 顯宗 7年 1月 壬申 4 『高麗史』卷136 列傳 卷第四十九, 禑王 13年11月… 耆老會議築漢陽山城, 修戰艦, 遣門下評理商議禹仁 烈, 判密直洪徵于漢陽府, 審視重興山城形勢

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Goryeo moved King Taejo of Goryeo’s coffin to Hyangnim temple in Bukhansan 3) ▶ King U of Goryeo ordered to contruct

Jungheung Fortress in 1387 4)

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『 肅宗實錄』卷50, 肅宗 37年 10月 19日(甲戌) 『肅宗實錄』卷50, 肅宗 37年 8月(丙戌) 『備邊司謄錄』 肅宗 37年 10月 18日 『肅宗實錄』卷51, 肅宗 38年 4月 10日(壬戌) 2번째 기사 『備邊司謄錄』 肅宗 38年 4月 12日 『肅宗實錄』卷52, 肅宗 38年 9月 20日(庚子) 『肅宗實錄』卷62, 肅宗 44年 8月 23日(己亥) 『英祖實錄』卷96, 英祖 36年 8月 20日(辛卯) 1번째 기사 『英祖實錄』卷118, 英祖 48年 4月 10日(乙亥) 『備邊司謄錄』 正祖 17年 2月 20日

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북한산성 소개

Past of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Historic Records on fortress construction The locational importance of Bukhansan Mountain was recognized from the past. The mountain is located behind Han-yang city (currently Seoul city) and debate records regarding the construction of the mountain fortress were well shown in The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat. Moreover, When Chief of Buddhist soldier, Seong-neung Buddhist master transferred the control of the fortress, he published the Bukhanji, which contained the construction processes and status of the Bukhansanseong Fortress.

The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, housed in Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University

Daeseomun (Winning photograph of 2016 Bukhansanseong Fortress pictures contest ,Tae-Gyu An)

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Bukhanji Document(1745, Seongneung), housed in Kyujanggak Institute

Seungjeongwon Ilgi, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat, housed in Kyujanggak Institute

Socheop document, housed in land and House museum(Record on the not-filled certificate of appointment related to the Bukhansanseong fortress construction)

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Glass disks are relics of the Japanese occupation of Korea, but they are important records which show the Korean cultural heritage during the era. Ryosaku Fujita (1892~1960), who was the director of the Governor-General of Korea museum, took pictures and made glass disks of Korean cultural heritages and relics.

Glass disks and Joseongojeokdobo photo document

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Many stone epigraphs can be found in Bukhansanseong Fortress.

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Notably, epigraphs engraved to the wall stone showed the name and 01 Landscape around Daenammun Gate, Bukhansanseong Fortress

the title of person who was in charge of construction, and workers.

02 Landscape around Bukhansanseong Fortress 03 Daeseomun Gate, Bukhansanseong Fortress

Epigraph

04 Landscape around Daeseomun Gate, Bukhansanseong Fortress

01 Wall engraved epigraph in pavilion foundation, Daeseongmun Gate

Name and title of the person in charge of construction and inspection was engraved as stone epigraph in Daeseongmun Gate pavilion foundation. Epigraph characters : 禁營 監造牌將 張泰興 石 手邊首 金善云

02 Bukhan-seung-do-jeol-mok (year 1855, 228X109㎝)

This epigraph was engraved in the stone in front of Sanyoungru pavilion. Size of each letter is 4x5cm and 325 characters were confirmed. This epigraph was engraved during the reing of King Cheoljong of Joseon in 1855. It contains 3 rules to avoid any misconduct during the course of appointing the chief of Buddhist soldiers.

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03 Geum-wei-young (禁衛營) stone epigraph(year unknow, 52X180㎝)

From the written record Bukhan-gi, it was engraved between 1715 and 1789 when Geumwei-young was redeployed to this location. Size of each character is 41x50cm

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There are many foreigners who visited Bukhansanseong Fortress and left photographic records.

A.Henry Savage-Landor(1865~1924) and Norbert Weber(1970~1956) visited Joseon in 1890 and 1911 respectively, Hermann Gustav Theodor Sander(1868~1945), a military attaché to the German Embassy in Japan in 1905, Hippolyte Frandin(1852~1924) whoworked as the French consul in Korea in late 19th century, all left photographs aboutBukhansanseong Fortress.

These photographs have enabled the researchers to identify the original structure formation and position of the Bukhansanseong Fortress.

View of foreigners on Bukhansanseong Fortress

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Landscape around Daeseomun Gate, Bukhansanseong Fortress

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01 「The Land of the Morning

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Calm」(Norbert Weber ; 1970~1956)Picture of Daeseong-mun gate filmed in 1911.

02 「A German, Hermann Sander's

Journey」(Hermann Gustav Theodor Sander ; 1868~1945) Picture of Soseomun Gate (Daeseomun Gate)

01 Landscape of Bukhansanseong

Fortress temporary palace

「En Coree」(Hippolyte Frandin 03

02 Inner palace section of

;1852~1924) Near Jung-heong Buddhist temple where chief of Buddhist soldiers was stationed

the Bukhansanseong Fortress temporary palace 03 Landscape of Bukhansanseong

Fortress Jungheung Buddhist temple

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04 Main buddhist temple of the

Jungheung Buddhist temple

「Corea e Coreani」(Carlo 04 04

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Rossetti ; 1876~1948) Around Jung-heong Buddhist temple and hamlets

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Treasure No. 932, Portait of King Yeongjo, 1900s/ Chae yongjin, Cho Seokjin etc/ Size:110.5x61.8cm/housed in the National Palace Museum

In 1990, Sunwonjun building in Gyeongungung palace, which stored Joseon kings´ portraits, caught on fire. 7 kings’ portraits were lost and those lost portraits had to be

The Kings who visited Bukhansanseong Fortress

repainted. King Yeongjo’s portrait was also repainted.

In the half-length figure portrait, the king is wearing winged cap and hongnyongpo(king’s cloth) which the dragons are embroidered with gold thread.

The writing in the tope right corner was written by King Gojong of Joseon.

백운봉(白雲峰) 삼가 태조대왕의 「등백운봉」 시에 차운함

북한 北漢

북한산성 가는 길에 ‘회’자를 운으로 뽑다

敬次太祖白雲峰韻

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北漢途中拈回字

귀하신 발걸음 백운봉 높이 오르시어

도읍 북쪽에는 금성탕지 있으니

산성 호종 길에 내 말은 돌아가고

扈駕山城我馬回

뭇 봉우리 서광으로 휘감기게 되었네

높은 봉우리들 한양 땅을 지켜주네

구불구불 좁은 비탈 가파르기도 하네

逶迤細磴正崔嵬

성조의 덕부가 천지 간에 크기만 크니

산성에 들릴 때마다 오위 뒤따르네

하늘 높이 기세 좋은 건 세 봉우리고

浮天氣勢三峰石

땅 끝까지 널리 모두를 포용하리로다

이곳까지 배종하니 그 모습 장하도다

땅 위의 경치는 두 장대 으뜸이네

拔地形勝二將臺

길게 늘어선 기 구름 그림자 뒤엎고

旗掣龍蛇雲影轉

高臨玉趾白雲峰

京都之北有金湯

바람결에 북소리 물소리 뒤섞이네

風傳鼓角澗聲來

萬朶詳光擁繞中

兀兀山峰護漢陽

오늘 느린 걸음에 잔일도 많았는데

聖祖德符天地大

十年曾參五衛列

徐行此日多閒事

區埏至廣盡包容

陪從于此歷看詳

어느새 앞 숲에는 석양볕이 쌓였네

不覺前林夕照堆

출처 『연려실기술(練藜室記述)』·『열성어제(列聖御製)』

출처 『열성어제(列聖御製)』

출처 『홍재전서(弘齋全書)』·『열성어제(列聖御製)』

King Sukjong of Joseon (肅宗, 1674~1720)

King Young-jo of Joseon (英祖, 1724~1776)

King Jeongjo (正祖, 177~1800)

In 1711, King Suk-jong commanded Bukhansanseong fortress to be built. In 1712 he visited the fortress and ordered reinforcement of the Bukhansanseong fortress by constructing Jung-seong.

King Young-jo visited the Bukhansanseong Fortress in August 1760, and April 1772.

In 1772, Jeongjo visited the Bukhansanseong Fortress and temporary palace. He also climbed Sidanbong peak in Bukhansan Mountain as a prince.

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Temporary Palace excavation projects revealed 124 kan(The unit

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of space in between the pillars of a building) of inner and outer

북한산성 소개

temporary palaces, which was destroyed by heavy rainfalls and landslides in 1915. Moreover, during the course of wall excavation

Present of Bukhansanseong Fortress

projects, formation and stucture of auxiliary buildings, such as military lookouts and staging areas were discovered.

Lastly, during the course of Buwangdongammun Gate wall excavation project, presumptive Goryeo era fortification structure was discovered underneath the Bukhansanseong Fortress.

Recovery of historical value of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Whole view of squared lookout near Nahan Peak (after excavation)

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Bukhansanseong Fortress Temporary Palace Bukhansanseong Fortress temporary Palace was constructed to ensure the continuity of Joseon Dynasty. The construction was begun in the fall of 1711 and completed in the spring of 1712. Inner and outer palaces and auxiliary structures were built, but all structures were destroyed by great flood of 1915.

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01 Dragon shaped acroterion discovered in

temporary palace 04

02 Lamp discovered from outer palace in

temporary palace 03 Presumptive Goryeo era fortification

structure 04 A ntefix discovered from temporary

palace.

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Forming consensus and promotion of Bukhansanseong Fortress The process of providing cultural heritage experience and obtaining value and authenticity of Bukhansanseong Fortress is ongoing through

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various cultural events. The effort to provide devoted service to people by various experience programs will be continued.

01 Bukhansanseong Fortress history telling program 02 Archeology experience class in Bukhansanseong Fortress

01 Making miniature models of Bukhansanseong Fortress

03 Bukhansanseong Fortress Promotion Hall during

02 Opening of renovated Bukhansanseong visitor center

International Horticulture Goyang Korea

03 Meditation training program in Bukhansanseong Fortress

04 Wooden rubbing of Bukhansanseong Fortress event

in Bukhansanseong Fortress Promotion Hall during International Horticulture Goyang Korea

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04 Scholarly symposium of Bukhansanseong Fortress 03

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05 History and culture academy program of Bukhansanseong Fortress

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Bukhandong village was formed when Bukhansanseong Fortress was constructed.

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북한산성 소개

Future of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Due to president assassination attempt of January 21st, 1968, army units were stationed inside of Bukhansanseong Fortress. After 1968, the village rapidly became vacation spot and most of house started restaurant business.

In 2007, to protect and to conserve cultural heritage and mountain’s nature, most of houses inside of the Bukhansanseong Fortress were relocated to outside of Bukhansanseong Fortress. Some of houses and facilities were preserved and renovated 01

for those who visited Bukhansanseong Fortress.

Bukhansanseong Fortress reborn as a citizen space 02

View of Ui-sang-bong peak from near water gate

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01 View of Daeseomun Gate from

inside 02 Surrounding view of Daeseomun

Gate Time changes of Jungseongmun Gate (top : Jungseongmun Gate before year 1998, bottom : current time of Jungseongmun Gate)

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03 Bukhandong Village before

relocation 04 Bukhandong Village history hall

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Ui-dong village

Gyeonggi-Province, Goyang-city

Seoul city, Gang-buk-gu

In-su-bong peak Baek-wun-dae peak

Sam-gak-san scenic site

The March 1st Movement Am-gak-mun

Man-kyeong-dae peak

Baek-wun-bong-am-mun auxiliary gate

Aerial View of Bukhansanseong

Yong-am-bong peak Su-yu-ri

Goyang-city, Hoyja-dong village (Sum-un-wall trail)

Yong-am-mun auxiliary gate

No-jeok-bong peak

Goyang-city, Hoyja-dong village

Yong-am-sa-ji site

Young-chui-bong peak

East Commanding Pavilion

Stone pagoda inYong-am-sa-ji site

Si-dan-bong peak

Dae-dong-mun (East gate)

Bong-seong-am hermitage Jeon-seong-neung-dae-sa-bu-do in the Bong-seong-am

Seoul city, Seong-buk-gu

Boryeondang Building’s sarira pagoda of Buddha

Bo-guk-mun auxiliary gate

Tae-go-sa temple Jeung-heung-sa temple

Dae-dong-sa temple

Buk-mun gate (North gate)

Goyang-city, Hoyja-dong village

Won-jeung-guk-sa-tap inTae-go-sa Won-jeung-guk-sa-tap-bi inTae-go-sa Taegosa BuddhistTemple’s group of Gyeong-ri-cheong Sang-chang-ji site sarira pagodas of Buddha Ho-jo-chang-ji site Jung-chang-ji site

Buk-jang-dae-ji site

Jeung-heung-ji site Hun-ryeon-do-gamYu-young-ji site

Haeng-gung-ji (temporary palace site) of Bukhansanseong Fortress

Sang-wun-sa BuddhistTemple

Won-hyo-bong peak

No-jeok-sa Buddhist temple

Wood AmitabhaTriad Buddha in Sang-wun-sa

Yong-hak-sa temple

Sangwunsa BuddhistTemple’s three-story stone pagoda

Bukhansan-seung-do-jeol-mok Baek-wun-dong-mun inscription

Sangwunsa BuddhistTemple’s wall inscription of Buddha

Geum-wei-young-yi-gun-gi-bi Geum-wei-young-Yu-young-ji site

Bo-gwang-sa-ji site

Jeong-neung

Dae-seoung-mun gate

Dae-seong-am hermitage

San-young-ru-ji site

Sangwunsa BuddhistTemple’s seated stone statue of Buddha

Bo-guk-sa-ji site

Eo-young-cheongYu-young-ji site

Si-gu-mun auxiliary gate Jung-seong-mun gate Won-hyo-am hermitage

Bukhan-dong do-dang-gut site

Nam-jang-dae-jisite

Bu-wang-sa-ji site

Dae-nam-mun gate (South gate) Bo-hyun-bong peak

Mun-su-bong peak

BukhansanseongTrail map

Cheong-su-dong-am-mun auxiliary gate Won-gak-sa-ji site

Bo-ri-satemple Amita-sa (Deok-am-sa) temple Mok-jo-bo-sal-jwa-sang in in the the Deok-am-sa Deok-am-sa Mok-jo-bo-sal-jwa-sang

Ha-chang-ji (Bukhandong historic hall)

Ui-sang-bong peak

Seo-am-mun auxiliary gate Mu-ryang-sa temple

Bu-wang-dong-am-mun auxiliary gate

Jeong-chwi-bong peak Yong-hyeol-bong peak

Guk-nyeong-sa temple

Bukhansanseong (Historic Site No. 162) Haeng-gung-ji (Temporary palace) of Bukhansanseong (Historic Site No. 479) Won-jeung-guk-sa-tap-bi (tumb) inTae-go-sa (Treasure No.611) Won-jeung-guk-sa-tap(tumb) inTae-go-sa (Treasure No.749) Sam-gak-san (Baek-wun-dae, In-su-bong, Man-kyeong-dae) (Scenic Sites No. 10)

Yong-chul-bong peak

Cultural properties Designated by Gyeonggi-do

Regional Cultural Properties of Goyang-si

Seoul city, Jong-ro-gu

Water gate Sam-cheon-sa-ji site Sam-cheon-sa-ji Dae-ji-guk-sa-tap-bi

Historical Trace of Stele street(Upper: early 1900s, Lower: present) Jin-Gwan-dong village (Baek-hwa-sa valley)

Entrance to Bukhansanseong

Bukhansanseong visitor center

Geum-wei-young-yi-gun-gi-bi of Bukhansanseong (Tangible Cultural property of Gyeonggi-do No.87) Jeon-seong-neung-dae-sa-bu-do in the Bong-seong-am (Tangible Cultural property of Gyeonggi-do No.188) Wood AmitabhaTriad Buddha in Sang-wun-sa (Tangible Cultural property of Gyeonggi-do No.190) Mok-jo-bo-sal-jwa-sang in the Deok-am-sa (Tangible Cultural property of Gyeonggi-do No.246) Jung-heung-sa-ji (Monument of Gyeonggi-do No.136) Seo-am-sa-ji (Cultural Property of Gyeongggi-do No. 140) San-young-lu-ji (Monument of Gyeonggi-do No.223)

Gyeonggi-Province, Goyang-city

Gyeonggi-Province, Goyang-city

Dae-seo-mun gate (West gate)

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Cultural Properties Designated by the Nation

Ga-sa-dang-am-mun auxiliary gate

Seo-am-sa-ji temple

Bukhansanseong information center

Gugi-dong

Na-han-bong peak

Guk-nyeong-sa Han-wol-dang-dae-sun-sa-bu-do-tap

Seo-am-sa temple

Historical site of Sanyeongru Pavilion (Upper: 1900s, Mid: 2012 before reconstruction, Lower: present)

Na-wol-bong peak

Seoul city, Eun-pyeong-gu

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Jin-Gwan-dong village

Ta ng -ch un -da e-s eo ng

The March 1st Movement Am-gak-mun

Traditional BuddhistTemple Guk-nyeong-sa BuddhistTemple No-jeok-sa BuddhistTemple Deok-am-sa (Currently Amita-sa) BuddhistTemple Mu-ryang-sa BuddhistTemple Sang-wun-sa BuddhistTemple Jeung-heung-sa BuddhistTemple Tae-go-sa

BuddhistTemple

Tracking trail

Peaks

Administrative Boundary

Fortress gate

Historic site

Auxiliary site

View of Bukhansan Mountain from WonHyobong peak(「肅宗 of 城, Bukhansanseong Fortress」, by Jae-Yong Lee)