a new project from
URBAN
BIOFILTER A PROJECT OF EARTH ISLAND INSTITUTE
adaptoakland.org
Externalized Costs: Air Pollution Statewide Statewide, 20-44% of all Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) is from the shipping industry, and 75% of all PM 2.5 comes from brake and tire wear.
Di, Pingkuan. ARB Health Risk Assessment of the West Oakland Community. N.p.: California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board, 19 Mar. 2008. PDF. adaptoakland.org
Externalized Costs:
Air Pollution in West Oakland
West Oakland children are seven times more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than the average child in California.
Coalition for West Oakland Revitalization, Prescott Joseph Center, West Oakland Asthma Coalition, and Pacific Institute. West Oakland Community Health Survey Results. Rep. Pacific Institute, Nov. 2004. Web. adaptoakland.org
Externalized Costs: Air Pollution Statewide Each year in California, there are 1.1 million missed school days and missed workdays associated with ports and the movement of goods
360,000
From “Table I-1: Statewide Annual 2005 PM and Ozone Health Effects Associated with Ports and Goods Movement in California� in California Air Resources Board. Emission Reduction Plan adaptoakland.org
Project Partners
West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project
adaptoakland.org
2008 Urban Biofilter is Formed
URBAN
BIOFILTER A PROJECT OF EARTH ISLAND INSTITUTE
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects:
Merritt College Masterplan
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects: OT-411 Collaboration Work with the “enemy� Help the most impacted communities Create a resource Center conduct tests
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects: Life is Living
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects:
EPA Superfund Collaboration
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects: EPA Collaboration
adaptoakland.org
UB Projects: EPA Collaboration
EPA site
adaptoakland.org
Architecture for Humanity
adaptoakland.org
Ecological Processing Zone
adaptoakland.org
adaptoakland.org
An Adaptive Management Plan M E E NT L P IM
MONITOR
N SIG DE
ANALYSE adaptoakland.org
EVA L U A T E
Port Activities: Externalized Costs
NOX
CO
PM
SO2
WORK SICK DAYS
SCHOOL SICK DAYS
HOSPITAL VISITS
adaptoakland.org
ston ge
ogies l o c re
nities mu m
Port Activities: Potential Gain
healthi er co
HOSPITAL SAVINGS
SICK DAYS SAVINGS
onomy al ec c lo
BACK TO SCHOOL adaptoakland.org
Analysis
West Oakland Pollution and Cancer Risk
PARTICULATE MATTER
% 7 1 . 28 1.54%
845 TONS/YEAR = 1 TON
SOURCES OF
(2000 LBS)
6.5 8% 1.26 %
.8% 5 2 % 7 . 24
2.78 %
9.61 % 0.59%
1.35%
% 51 0. % 49 2. %
1.77%
64 0.
3.12%
% 15 0.
0.34%
1.26%
COMMERCIAL HARBOR CRAFT
5% 6 .
90 TONS
10
209 TO NS
218 TON S
238 TON S
% 24 0. % 46 0.
CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT
LOCOMOTIVES
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS
NON-PORT & NON-UP OCEAN-GOING VESSELS
CANCER RISK
UNION PACIFIC RAILYARD PORT OF OAKLAND
% 37 2. 22%
67% 3.54% 0.59%
0.
WEST OAKLAND COMMUNITY California Air Resources Board. (2008). [Table 7: Population-weighted Potential Cancer Risks in West Oakland Community by Part and by Source Category]. Diesel Particulate Matter Health Risk Assessment for the West Oakland Community. Retrieved from http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/communities/ra/westoakland/documents/westoaklandreport.pdf California Air Resources Board. (2008). [Table 2: Summary of Modeled 2005 Diesel PM Emissions for the West Oakland HRA]. Diesel Particulate Matter Health Risk Assessment for the West Oakland Community. Retrieved from http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/communities/ra/westoakland/documents/westoaklandreport.pdf
adaptoakland.org
Ecosystem Services The services of ecological systems are critical to the functioning of the Earth’s life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the totalmodification of arrows. *depending on logo decision, possible economic value of the planet.
“We estimated that at the current margin, ecosystems provide at least US$33 trillion dollars worth of services annually....Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.” The majority of the value of services we could identify is currently outside the market system, in services such as gas regulation (US$1.3 trillion/yr), disturbance regulation (US$1.8 trillion/yr), waste treatment (US$2.3 trillion/yr) and nutrient cycling (US$17 trillion yr). About 63% of the estimated value is contributed by marine systems (US$20.9 trillion yr). Most of this comes from coastal systems (US$10.6 trillion/yr). About 38% of the estimated value comes from terrestrial systems, mainly from forests (US$4.7 trillion/yr) and wetlands (US$4.9 trillion/yr)“ Robert Costanza, et. al adaptoakland.org
What is Green Infrastructure? Green Infrastructure is the utilization of natural ecosystems and constructed landscapes- such as urban forests, living walls, and green roofs- to filter air, water, and soil. Appropriate planning for and valuing of these services can reduce infrastructure costs, protect the health of and generate new economies for urban communities.
Green Infrastructure is the engineered network of Ecosystem Services that replace or aid conventional infrastructure such as wastewater treatment, stormwater filtration, cooling, and air filtration. Basically...fancy words for landscaping. adaptoakland.org
Green Infrastructure
adaptoakland.org
Unique Focus
Industrial Waterfront Zoning
Adapt Oakland focuses on highest-impact land uses, which are under-researched yet high priority areas for green technologies. Focus Area: Transportation Corridors Port & logistics center Waterfront developments Industrial Complexes Post-Industrial, Brownfield Developments Adjacent at-risk communities
adaptoakland.org
Green Infrastructure “Domestic Grade”
adaptoakland.org
Green Infrastructure
“Industrial Stength?”
? Sao Paolo, Brazil
adaptoakland.org
Unique Strategies
For a Unique Community
adaptoakland.org
Unique Strategies
A unique community
adaptoakland.org
Adapt Oakland Launch
Launch
Find Community/ Techincal Partners Build Coalition Learn what and who we don’t know
adaptoakland.org
Adapt Oakland
Project Focus Areas
1) Advance the research & engineering of innovative green infrastructure for transit corridors & industrial land uses
2) Provide Technical Assistance for integration of green infrastructure into Oakland policy & planning projects
3) Use West Oakland as a case study for analyzing, valuing, and funding for green infrastructure & climate change preparedness.
4) Develop an Ecosystem Service Toolkit with standards, research, land use policy, regulations, and develop ecosystem service financing model for green infrastructure adaptoakland.org
Project Focus #1:
Advancing the Research
HOW PLANTS CAPTURE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM): Bambusa oldhamii GIANT TIMBER BAMBOO: -Sheds leaves year-round -high surface area
GREEN PAPER
Acacia salicina AUSTRALIAN WILLOW:
Sequoia sempervirens CALIFORNIA REDWOOD:
Cedrus deodara DEODOR CEDAR:
Evergreen oak LIVE OAK:
NOT TESTED
79% PM REMOVAL
65% PM REMOVAL
55% PM REMOVAL
NOT TESTED
West Oakland Air Quality
GREEN PAPER Industrial Strength Water Management
dy evergreen cies with large ace areas, h/sticky surfaces complex foliage conifers.
GREEN PAPER
Trees tested in UC Davis Wind Tunnel Study
Innovative Financing 100’
GREEN PAPER
80’
DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLE 60’
Solid Carbon Cores (0.01-0.08 mm)
egulatory Incentives
Absorbed Hydrocarbons
40’
500 µm
Liquid Condensed Hydrocarbon Particles
Diesel PM depositing to leaf texture
Solid Carbon
20’
0’
GREEN PAPER Affordable Bioremediation Strategies
minimum planted width of 16’
Vegetated barriers are most effective if planted close to the pollution source in highly polluted areas.
GREEN PAPER xx
80’
02 03 04 05 06 xx
60’
A TREE WITH 40-60 % POROSITY IS AN IDEAL TREE TYPE
40’
16’ MINIMUM PLANTED WIDTH
20’
0’
A STAGGERED PLAN ORIENTATION OF THE RIGHT PLANTS OR TREES CREATES A DENSE VEGETATION BARRIER
FOREST
16’ MINIMUM PLANTED WIDTH
Adapt Oakland looks beyond the tailpipe to ecological solutions incorporating vegetative air barriers, innovative economic strategies, and the experience of green ports elsewhere in the world.
adaptoakland.org
Industrial Stormwater
1 Advancing Research:
³
! ( ! (
! (
! (
" ) ! (
! (
! (
! (
! (
! ( ! ( ! (
! (
! ( 5! ( 2.5 0
! (
INDUSTRIAL PCB BIOFILTER (POTENTIAL SITES)
! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (
! (
City Owned Land
! ( ! (
CASS Metals
! (
Potential BMP Locations
! ( ! (
" )
! (
Description: Within a two block radious, viable ! ( locations have been identified to intercept 3 swale of the 6 very high sampling points as well as at least 6 high sampling points identified in the Ettie Street Watershed. An additional swale on Caltrans or City owned land, below 580, could also easily achieve filtration of an additional 2 very high sites, capturing a total 85% of all very high points. Adjacencies include a proposed urban farm, a local soul food resturant, housing and a metal recycler.
! ( ! (
! ( ! (! ( ! (
! (
! ( ! ( ! (
Legend
" ) " )
! (
31st and San Pablo
! (
! (
Low: 0.01 - 0.1
! (
Med: 0.1 - 1.0
! (
High: 1.0 - 10
! (
Very High: >10
design laboratory 351 Henry St. #2 ( Oakland, CA 94609! 510.922.9355 info@hyphae.net
! (
! (
mg PCBs/ kg sediment <0.01 or <MDL
hyphӕ
! (
Ettie Street Pump Station
! (
LEGEND City Slicker Farmer ! (
! (
! (
! (
5 Miles
! (
0.1
0.05
0
0.1 Miles
! (
Ettie Street Pump Station Watershed and Very High 2.5 km Halos ! ( Oakland, CA
24" Storm Drains
Figure
Bay Area Watersheds Ettie St Pump St Wshed A P:\GIS\BASMAA_CW4CB\Projects\UrbanReleaf_080911.mxd; K. Havens; July 26, 2011
Oakland
August 2011
1
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Industrial Stormwater
TYPICAL PLAN/SECTION DOUBLE WIDE BIOREMEDIATION PLANTER south side of bransten road SWALE 1: ANAEROBIC CELL
SWALE 2: AEROBIC CELL
STREET
STREET
DRIVEWAY
DRIVEWAY
CURB CUT
SWALE 1: ANAEROBIC CELL
SWALE 2: AEROBIC CELL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
CONCRETE WEIR MYCOBOOM
SAMPLE OUTPUT STATION LARGE GRAVEL
SAMPLE INPUT STATION
CONCRETE WEIR
CURB CUT
TREATED WATER FLOW
CONTAMINATED WATER FLOW WATER SENSOR
b1 OPTION A: SEDIMENT FOREBAY (USED IN GARDEN ZONE)
POND LINER GRAVEL WOOD CHIPS SAND LARGE GRAVEL
INFILTRATION
GRAVEL BIOSWALE SOIL MIX
OPTION B: PASSIVE BELL SIPHON (USED IN PCB, LEAD, AND SOLVENT CONTAMINATION ZONE)
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research: Trees tested in UC Davis Wind Tunnel Study
Vegetative Air Barriers
Diesel PM depositing to leaf texture
FIGURE 1. Biological pathways linking PM exposure and arterial thrombosisBP: blood platelet, PM: particulate matter, TF: tissue factor, UFP: ultra-fine particles
minimum planted width of 16’
80’
60’
A TREE WITH 40-60 % POROSITY IS AN IDEAL TREE TYPE
adaptoakland.org 40’
1 Advancing Research: minimum planted width of 16’
Vegetative Air Barriers
80’
60’
A TREE WITH 40-60 % POROSITY IS AN IDEAL TREE TYPE
40’
16’ MINIMUM PLANTED WIDTH
20’
16’ MINIMUM PLANTED WIDTH
0’
agency
type
location interchange loop areas
horizontal setback vertical limits
notes
50' to canopy?
Clear Recovery Zone Clear Recovery Zone
adjacent to highways adjacent to highways
30'-40' to tree trunk 25' to tree trunk
applies to plantings above 18" large trees at maturity, or within 10 years, have trunks 4 inches or greater in diameter, measured 4 feet above the ground retaining wall or in areas behind guard railing or barrier which
Clear Recovery Zone
adjacent to highways
10'
small trees or shrubs, trained in tree less than 4 inch diameter trunks within 10 years
CALTRANS
plant type
trunk size
over 4" over 4" Bamboo????? Western Redbud (Cercis occidentalis), Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), Bottle Brush (Callistemon sp.), and Oleander (Nerium oleander). 4" max
PG&E (LARCH GUIDELINES) PLANTING LIMITS MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM (ft) TRVD WAY*
PVMT 6 40
FENCE
WALL
PAVED DITCH
EARTH DITCH
ON CENTER (FT)
6
6
6
6
8
15
15
10
10
12 10 (5)
30
30
20
22
1.5 4
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Vegetative Air Barriers
Sequoia sempervirens CALIFORNIA REDWOOD:
Cedrus deodara DEODOR CEDAR:
Evergreen oak LIVE OAK:
79% PM REMOVAL
65% PM REMOVAL
55% PM REMOVAL
Acacia salicina AUSTRALIAN WILLOW:
NOT TESTED
Bambusa oldhamii GIANT TIMBER BAMBOO: -Sheds leaves year-round -high surface area
NOT TESTED
Trees tested in UC Davis Wind Tunnel Study
adaptoakland.org Diesel PM depositing
1 Advancing Research:
Air Barriers Case Study
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Air Barriers Case Study
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Before
Air Barriers Case Study
After
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Air Barriers Case Study
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Air Barriers Case Study
adaptoakland.org
1 Advancing Research:
Air Barriers Case Study
adaptoakland.org
Project Focus #2:
Technical Assistance
Immediate
Work closely with current planning innitiatives build pilot projects, develop masterplan
Long Term
Influence Oakland, Regional & State landscape Planning & Green Infrastructure adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance:
Public Health & T.O.D.
Priority Development Area Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
m
0
2.5
5
10 MILES
adaptoakland.org
0
2 Technical Assistance:
Public Health & T.O.D.
80
“Up to 45 million Americans live less than 300 feet from a freeway, 2 and all of these communities breathe polluted air.”
98
0
13
238
58 0
Priority Development Area Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone Freeways Freeway Freight Impact Zones (1000 ft)
88
0
0.5
1
0
m
92 2 MILES
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance:
Citywide Assistance
A health impact assessment for the proposed Oak to 9th Avenue project found that future residents of the development could be at greater risk of respiratory disease and cancer due to freewayrelated diesel emissions.â&#x20AC;? Pacific Institute
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance:
Citywide Opportunities
2 Technical Assistance:
Citywide Opportunities
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance: Other Ideas
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance: Goals
Immediate
Work closely with current planning initiatives, build pilot projects, & develop masterplans
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance:
Public Health & T.O.D. Green Inf.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;More than 13 million Americans...3.5 million of whom are children...live near a major marine port or rail yard.
Pacific Institute
Priority Development Area
Priority Development Area
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
Warehouse / Distribution Center
Freight Transport Impact Zones
Warehouse Freight Impact Zones (500 ft)
m
0
0.5
1
m
2 MILES
0
0.5
1
2 MILES
WAREHOUSE FREIGHT IMPACT ZONES (500 FT) ALAMEDA COUNTY
FREIGHT TRANSPORT IMPACT ZONES ALAMEDA COUNTY
Pacific Institute
Pacific Institute
m
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
Priority Development Area
Priority Development Area
Priority Development Area
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Zone
Airports
Port of Oakland
Railyards
Airport Impact Areas (2000 ft)
Port Freight Impact Zones (1500 ft)
Railyard Freight Impact Zones (1000 ft)
0
0.5
1
m
2 MILES
AIRPORT FREIGHT IMPACT ZONES (2000 FT)
0
0.5
1
m
2 MILES
SEA PORT FREIGHT IMPACT ZONES (1500 FT)
0
0.5
1
adaptoakland.org
2 MILES
RAILYARD FREIGHT IMPACT ZONES (1000 FT)
2 Technical Assistance: Analysis
CITY OF OAKLAND/PORT OF OAKLAND PRIVATELY OWNED/LLC USA FEDERAL STATE OF CALIFORNIA VACANT EAST BAY REGIONAL PARK DISTRICT MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
2 Technical Assistance: 500’ 1500’
500
1,000
Freeway Exposure Heat Map
5000’ SETBACK
1,500
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FATALITY RISK FROM ALL DIESEL PM EMISSION SOURCES [OUT OF 10,000 PERSON SAMPLE]
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Flood Scenario
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Flood Scenario
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland:
Flood Scenario
adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
Project Focus Area #3:
West Oakland Case Study
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland:
Existing Redevelopment Projects
GATEWAY PARK
NORTH GATEWAY
openspace in industrial zones
heavy industrial model
PORT REDEVELOPMENT logistics & working waterfront
WEST OAKLAND SPECIFIC PLAN community @ the interface
adaptoakland.org
3 GATEWAY PARK
Industrial Open Space
adaptoakland.org
3 NORTH GATEWAY Heavy Industrial Model PROPOSED CALTRANS BIKE PATH
40' WIDE LEASE FOR ROAD
NEW INTERSECTION 2,000 S.F. REUSE BUILDING
ENG
UNDER GRAND AVENUE ASSUMED USABLE AREA 3.9 AC
INE
PROPOSED PROPERTY LINES
ER'S
RO A
D
NEW R.R. R.O.W.
CITY AREA 3.8 AC OUTLINE OF ORIGINAL DESIGN RAIL SPUR
ORIGINAL BUILDING: 213,000 S.F.
TRUCK SERVICES AREA 9.8 AC
NEW BUILDING: 205,910 S.F.
TRUCK STORAGE
CWS AREA 11.2 AC
60' PVC ROOF
EAST GATEWAY
"K " RAIL / FENCE
30' ROOF
GATE
AUTO PARKING
PORT YARD OAKLAND CHARTER LINE OF 1862
KEY PLAN
ATE
RIV LIC P
PUB
EAST
(N.T.S.)
BURMA
AD
ROAD
RO RMA
BU
M
AR
ITIM
E
ST
RE
ET
GRAPHIC SCALE
ARCHITECTURAL DIMENSIONS MASTER PLAN TEAM JAMES HEILBRONNER 925-932-8651 1600 SOUTH MAIN STREET, STE 275 WALNUT CREEK, CA 94596
REV
SITE PLAN RECONSTRUCTION/DEMOLITION AREA PLAN CITY OF OAKLAND, ALAMEDA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
DATE
COMMENT
JOB NO.
OAB02
SCALE:
1" = 400'
DATE:
1/31/2012
CAT. NO
AD-0074.14
DRAWN BY:
K. CHABOT
INVOICE NO.
12467
CHECKED BY:
J. HEILBRONNER
MP-A-20 25
adaptoakland.org
172
3 Port of Oakland
Logistics & Working Waterfront
logistics & working waterfront
adaptoakland.org
3 Port Redevelopment BUILDING
LIVING WALL
+
WORKING WATERFRONT
+
BUILDING + LIVING WALL
=
WORKING WATERFRONT + REEF
REEF
+
RAILROAD
Logistics & Waterfront
=
FOREST
=
RAILROAD + FOREST
adaptoakland.org
3 Port Development Area
Plantable Warehouses
adaptoakland.org
3 W. Oakland Specific Plan
Community Interface
adaptoakland.org
3 W. Oakland Specific Plan
Community Interface
adaptoakland.org
adaptoakland.org
LIVING ROOF FOR HEAT ISLAND REDUCTION, STORMWATER MITIGATION FAR INCENTIVE
FRONTAGE ROAD / EXPRESSWAY
VEGETATED BUFFER 16’ MIN.
ANGLED PARKING
SHARED STREET
AIR BUFFER, GRAFFITI ABATEMENT
adaptoakland.org
3 Focus Area
Plantable Right of Way (ROW)
RAIL ROW PORT ROW
CALTRANS ROW
CITY ROW adaptoakland.org
West Oakland: Caltrans ROW
adaptoakland.org
3 Focus Area
Plantable Right of Way (ROW)
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland:
With Green Infrastructure
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland:
With Green Infrastructure
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland: Current Site Conditon
adaptoakland.org
3 West Oakland:
With Green Infrastructure
adaptoakland.org
IMPL EM EN T
R O IT N
DESIGN
E T A U L A V E
MO
Project Focus #4: Ecosystem Services Toolkit
ANALYSE adaptoakland.org
AD A P T
4 Site Conditions
working waterfront
highway overpass
railroad
street
building
parking lot
Industrial, Freight, Maritime, Freeway Land uses. highway underpass
rocky coast
sandy coast
adaptoakland.org
4 Green Infrastructure Solutions Scaled to the Context
adaptoakland.org
4 Toolbox: Conditions
Forest +
+
+
Interventions
=
Site Adaptation
adaptoakland.org
4 Conditions + Green Infrastructure
adaptoakland.org
4 Ecosystem Services Toolbox: Forest +
FOREST
COAST + FOREST
FWY OVERPASS + FOREST
FWY UNDERPASS + FOREST
RAILROAD + FOREST
BUILDING + FOREST
STREET + FOREST
PARKING LOT + FOREST
adaptoakland.org
4 Toolbox:
Forest + Vegetated Air Quality Interventions: An array of different green infrastructure emissions reduction strategies are being developed to address air quality.
FOREST
Design Examples Include: Vegetated air barriers strategically sited by freeway and near road emissions sources In logistics parking lots, tree placement configurations that are oriented to settle turbulent air and trap particulate matter, yet do not affect truck turning radius or security Living wall and trellis systems that filter particulate matter from the air and can be used on freeway-facing housing complexes or elevated freeways Resources: Case studies: Popular press: Reports & journal articles: Organizations: Friends of the Urban Forest Regulations: Funding: Calculations:
adaptoakland.org
adaptoakland.org
adaptoakland.org