Grade Ten Reading Materials

The Chimney Sweeper Word Meaning (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

angel: guardian, seraph, divine awoke: awaken, woke up bare: lacking clothes, naked, uncovered chimney: fireplace, furnace coffins: box for corpse curled: swirl, coiled

(7) key: basic, prime (8) leaping: jumping, bouncing (9) plain: clear, obvious (10)scarcely: barely, hardly (11)soot: dirt, residue (12)spoil: ruin, damage

Question answer (1)Who is the narrator of the poem?

The narrator of the poem is a chimney sweeper.

(2)How did he become a chimney sweeper?

He became a chimney sweeper when his mother died and his father sold him.

(3)What happened to the narrator and his family in stanza 1?

In stanza 1, the narrator’s mother died and his father sold him to a chimney sweeping business.

(4)What was the narrator’s relationship to Tom Dacre?

Tom Dacre was a colleague or a co-worker of the narrator.

(5)Who cried in stanza 2 and why?

Tom Dacre cried in stanza 2 because his head was shaved off.

(6)How did the narrator calm Tom? The narrator calmed Tom by telling that it is better for him to shave his head.

(7)How did the angel open the black coffins?

The angel opened the black coffins with a bright key.

(8)What did the sweepers do immediately after they were set free?

After they were set free, they immediately went down a green plain, leaping and laughing. Then, they washed in a river and shone in the sun.

(9)What do you think there might be in their bags?

I think there might be tools in their bags.

(10)What did Tom’s dream mean?

Tom’s dream meant that they all wanted freedom in their life.

(11)What did the angel tell to Tom? The angel told to Tom that if he were a good boy, God would love him and he would never lack happiness.

(12)Why did Tom feel better the morning after the dream?

Tom felt better the morning after the dream because he had hope that the angel would set him free if he would become a good boy.

(13)Who composed the poem?

William Blake composed the poem.

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(14)Why did the speaker cry?

The speaker cried because his mother died early and his father sold him into a chimney sweeping business.

(15)What does the expression ‘That curled like a lamb’s back’ mean?

The expression, ‘That curled like a lamb’s back’ means the curly fur of a lamb.

(16)At what condition would Tom get joy?

Tom would get joy if he becomes a good boy.

(17)How was the morning?

The morning was dark and cold.

(18)At the end of the poem, what message was given to Tom? /The poem ends with a moral. What is that? What is the moral of the poem?

At the end of the poem, Tom was given the message that if we are honest in our jobs and responsibilities, we don’t need to be worried because no one can harm us.

(19)How old was the speaker when he was sold to the master sweep?

The speaker was very young when he was sold to the master sweep.

(20)Why does Tom dream of setting free?

Tom dreams of setting free because he was to live a difficult life as a chimneysweeper.

(21)Who does the chimney sweeper really blame for his woe (misfortune/suffering)?

The chimneysweeper really blames his father for his woe.

(22)Why did the speaker’s father sell him?

The speaker’s father sold him out of poverty. After the death of his mother, his father wanted to get rid of him. Therefore, he sold his son.

(23)What was the speaker’s reaction when he knew that he was going to be sold?

The speaker wept when he knew that he was going to be sold.

(24)Where does the narrator sleep in the chimney?

The speaker sleeps in the soot in the chimney.

(25)What does the speaker mean by ‘white hair’?

The speaker means Tom’s white hair.

(26)Why did Tom go off to work?

Tom went off to work with hope that he would be free one day. He had to work for his master.

(27)Why was Tom happy with his work?

Tom was happy with his work because he knew that if he would do his work sincerely, he didn’t need to fear harm.

(28)What does the word ‘naked’ in stanza 5 express?

The word ‘naked’ in stanza 5 expresses freedom from tools and responsibilities.

(29)Why is Tom Dacre compared to a sheep in Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper”?

Tom Dacre is compared to a sheep in Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper” because his hair was curled like of a lamb.

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(30)What is the deal with the poem’s final line?

The deal with the poem’s final line is if they all do their duty, they need not fear harm.

The Road Not Taken Word Meaning (1) bent : curved (2) claim: demand (3) diverge: branched away, moved away (4) hence: from now on (5) lay: put down, place, put

(6) (7) (8) (9)

sigh: a deep and long breath trodden: walked on undergrowth: shrubs, a mass of bushes wood: forest, jungle

Question-answer (1)Who is the speaker in the poem?

The speaker in the poem is a traveller.

(2)Where is the speaker standing in the poem?

The speaker is standing at a point where the way has diverged.

(3)Why does he stop there for a long time?

He stops there for a long time because he cannot decide the way to take.

(4)Why is he in dilemma?

He is in dilemma because there are two ways and he has to choose the one since he cannot take both of them at once.

(5)Which road does he choose to travel?

He chose the one, which is less travelled.

(6)Why does he leave the other one?

He leaves the other one to travel on another day.

(7)Is the speaker optimistic? How can you say this?

Yes, the speaker is optimistic. Though the road he took was tough, he says that has made all the difference.

(8)Do you think he has made the right decision?

Yes, I think he has made the right decision.

(9)What do you think ‘the roads’ refer to?

I think ‘the road’ refer to the choices for future that come simultaneously.

(10)What is the central idea of the poem?

The central idea of the poem is that successful people dare to do something that has not been done by anyone.

(11)What did the poet see in the yellow wood?

The poets saw two roads diverged in the yellow wood.

(12)Does the poet regret his decision?

Yes, the poet regrets his decision that he couldn’t have travelled both the roads.

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(13)What is the significance of the fact that the road ‘bent in the undergrowth”?

The significance of the fact that the road ‘bent in the undergrowth’ means the uncertain or unpredictable path.

(14)What is the speaker’s dilemma?/What was not he sure about?

The speaker’s dilemma is confusion in choosing the path. The poet is not sure about choosing the right path.

(15)Why is ‘I’ repeated in the last stanza?

‘I’ is repeated in the last stanza to express the feeling of sigh.

(16)Who has composed this poem?

Robert Frost has composed the poem.

(17)What decision does the speaker take of the ‘first’ road?

The poet leaves the first road for another day and travels the second one.

(18)What doubt crops up in the speaker’s mind?

The doubt that he will come back again or not crops up in the speaker’s mind.

(19)How did both the roads look like that morning?

Both the roads looked like that the same number of people had travelled both the roads.

(20)Why did the poet feel like travelling both the roads?

The poet felt like travelling both the roads, as he didn't know which road would take him to his destination and he was confused.

(21)Why did the poet keep the first road for another day?

The poet kept the first road for another day because it was not possible to travel the both roads at once.

(22)Where could the speaker look up to?

The speaker could look up to the undergrowth.

(23)What differences did he notice in those roads?

One of the roads was less travelled than the other one.

(24)What effect did the speaker’s decision have upon his life?

The speaker is in regret because he wanted to travel both the roads but he couldn’t do so.

(25)What is the setting of the poem?

The setting of the poem is a yellow wood.

(26)If you were the speaker of the poem, which path would you choose? Why? If I were the speaker of the poem, I would also choose the second path as the poet did to accomplish something which has not been done by others.

(27)How does the speaker feel when he comes upon a fork?

The speaker feels confused to choose the right path when he comes upon a fork.

(28)Which path had been walked on that morning before the poet had travelled on one?

The first path had been walked on that morning before the poet had travelled on one.

(29)What does the poet intends to say when he mentions “yellow wood”?

The poet intends to mean autumn season when he mentions “yellow wood”.

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(30)Why can’t he travel both roads at a time?

He can’t travel both roads at a time because it was impossible.

(31)What is the speaker sorry about?

The speaker is sorry, as he couldn’t travel the both roads at once.

(32)What story will the speaker tell for years and years?

The speaker will tell the story of his choice to select the road for years and years.

(33)What does the phrase “Two roads diverged in a wood” suggest?

The phrase “Two roads diverged in a wood” suggests the choices in his life.

(34)How does the speaker feel when he comes upon a fork?

The speaker feels dilemma when he comes upon a fork.

I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud (1) bay : an area of the sea where the land curves in (2) beneath : below (3) bliss: joy, happiness (4) couch: sofa (5) fluttering: moving continuously (6) gay: happy (7) gazed: stared (8) glance: a short look (9) glee: happiness (10)host : a large number (11)jocund: cheerful (12)margin: edge

(13)o’er : over (14)oft : often (15)outdid: did better than something (16)pensive: thoughtful (17)solitude: state of being alone (18)sparkling: shining (19)sprightly: lively, energetically (20)stretched: spread out (21)tossing : moving gently (22)vacant: empty (23)vale: valley (24)wandered: walked purposelessly

Question answer (1)Who is compared with a cloud?

The poet or the speaker is compared with a cloud.

(2)Where did the person in the poem see the daffodils?

The person in the poem saw the cloud beside the lake and beneath the tree.

(3) What word does the poet use to compare the daffodils with?

The poet uses the word ‘star’ to compare the daffodils with.

(4)The speaker dances with the daffodils. Why? The speaker dances with the daffodils because his heart was filled with pleasure.

(5)What is the theme of the poem?

The theme of the poem is that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to find new friends in the world around you. or The theme of the poem is that one can get the best pleasure in the lap of nature.

(6)Is the ‘loneliness’ of the first stanza similar to the ‘solitude’ of the last stanza?

No, the loneliness of the first stanza is not similar to the solitude of the last stanza.

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(7)What did the speaker see as he was wondering?

The speaker saw a host of golden daffodils as he was wondering.

(8)Whom did the daffodils defeat in the dance?

The daffodils defeated the sparkling waves in the dance.

(9)Whose company is referred to a ‘jocund company?’

The daffodil’s company is referred to a jocund company.

(10)How does the speaker feel when he has the flash of the dancing daffodils?

The speaker feels very happy when he has the flash of the dancing daffodils.

(11)When did the speaker see the golden daffodils?

The speaker saw the golden daffodils when he was wandering like a cloud.

(12)What were the daffodils doing when the poet saw them?

The daffodils were tossing their heads in a dance when the poet saw them.

(13)What are the different things that the poet compares the daffodils with?

The poet compares the daffodils with stars and sparkling waves.

(14)What kind of state does the poet describe in the last stanza?

The poet describes vacant or pensive state in the last stanza.

(15)What happens to the poet when he is some time in a pensive mood?

When the poet is some time in a pensive mood, the memory of daffodils flashes in his mind.

(16)Which wealth is referred to by the poet?

The poet refers to physical wealth.

(17)Why did the speaker feel lonely at the beginning of the poem?

The speaker felt lonely at the beginning of the poem because he missed the memory of nature.

(18)How can you describe the relation between daffodils and the speaker?

Daffodil is a source of pleasure of the speaker.

(19)What did the speaker see all at once?

The speaker saw a host of golden daffodils all at once.

(20)How do you compare the daffodils with the stars?

Just like the stars in the sky are continuous, there are daffodils continuously beside the lake.

(21)What is the central idea of the poem?

The central idea of the poem is that one can get true happiness at the lap of nature.

(22)Which of the two dances more: the waves or the daffodils?

The daffodils dance more than the daffodils.

(23)List the words that heighten the sound effect in the poem.

The words that heighten the sound effect in the poem are: cloud and crowd, hills and daffodils, trees and breeze.

(24)Who danced better than the waves?

The daffodils danced better than the waves.

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(25)What is the meaning of inward eye?

The meaning of inward eye is mind.

(26)What is the difference between the poet and the daffodils?

The poet is only one but the daffodils are thousands in number.

(27)What is the meaning of ‘bliss of solitude’?

The meaning of ‘bliss of solitude’ is joy or happiness of being alone.

(28)How does the speaker feel that loneliness is a blessing?

The speaker feels that loneliness is a blessing because when he is alone, the flash of daffodils entertains him.

(29)What is the speaker’s tone in the poem?

The speaker’s tone is joyful in the poem.

(31)Why does the speaker dance with the daffodils?

The speaker dances with the daffodils out of happiness.

Past and Present Word meaning (1) peeping: looking quickly and secretly (2) morn: morning (3) wink: to close and open eyelids quickly (4) violet: a small plant with purple or white flowers (5) lily-curp: a perennial plant that grows from a bulb (6) lilacs: an ornamental flowering tree (7) robin: a bird (8) laburnum: a tree with yellow flowers (9) rush : hurry (10)spirit: the part of a person that include their mind (11)slender: thinny, skinny Question answer (1)Who composed the poem?

Thomas Hardy composed the poem.

(2)What is the poem about?

The poem is about the childhood memories of the poet.

(3)What does the poet remember in the first stanza?

The poet remembers the house where he was born and the window through which the sunlight entered into the house in the first stanza.

(4)What does he wish in the first stanza?

He wishes that the night had carried away his birth away in the first stanza.

(5)What does he remember in the second stanza?

He remembers beautiful colours of roses, lilies, lilacs and a tree that he and his brother spent days even on his brother’s birthday.

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(6)How does the poet describe his childhood in the third stanza?

The poet describes his childhood as happy, energetic and high in spirit in the third stanza.

(7)Was the poet really close to the heaven when he was a child? Why does he think so?

Yes, the poet was really close to the heaven when he was a child. He thinks so because of his childhood ignorance.

(8)How does the poet feel when he remembers his bygone days?

The poet feels loss, regret and pain when he remembers his bygone days.

(9)Why did the poet use to think the slender tops of the trees might touch the sky?

The poet used to think the slender tops of the trees might touch the sky because of his childish ignorance.

(10)Why does the poet remember ‘the house’?

The poet remembers the house because he was born there.

(11)What objects of the nature attract the poet most?

The bright objects of the nature such as flowers and the sun attract the poet most.

(12)What made the past pleasant?

His life close to nature made the past pleasant.

(13)How does the poet compare childhood with manhood?

According to the poet, childhood is full of happiness and energy but manhood is not like that.

(14)What misconception did the poet use to have about tree tops?

The poet used to think that the tree tops were close against the sky.

(15)When was heaven close to the poet?

Heaven was close to the poet in his childhood.

(16)What did the speaker’s brother do on his birthday?

The speaker’s brother set the laburnum on his birthday.

(17)What does ‘He never came a wink to soon’ refer in the stanza 1?

It means the poet felt that the days were not short in his childhood.

(18)Why does the poet remember ‘the flowers’?

The poet remembers the flowers because they were bright and colourful.

(19)Why does the sun describe the sun as peeping?

The poet describes the sun as peeping because it passed secretly from the little door of his house.

(20)What is the central idea of the poem?

The central idea of the poem is joy of childhood is unachievable.

(21)Which trees does the speaker remember in the second stanza?

The speaker remembers roses, violets, lily-cups, lilacs and laburnum in the second stanza.

(22)What does the speaker compare his spirit with?

The speaker compares his spirit with feathers.

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Did I Miss Anything?

Word Meanings (1) assemble: to bring people, ideas or things together as a group (2) assign : to provide a person a particular task (3) assure: promise, make sure (4) attain: reach, achieve, accomplish (5) descend: go down, move down, come down (6) disperse: scatter, go away, break up

(7) divine: heavenly, celestial, godly (8) microcosm: small version of something larger (9) ponder: consider carefully, consider (10)reveal: make known, disclose (11)shaft: ray, beam (12)undertake: take on, assume (13)worth : value, equal in value to

Question-Answer (1)Answer the following questions. (a) What does a typical student blame?

A typical student blames that classroom education is insignificant and valueless. (b) Who should read to attain divine wisdom?

The students should read to attain divine wisdom. (c) What is assembled in the classroom?

A microcosm of human experience is assembled in the classroom. (d) What will the learners do after that class is over?

The learners will disperse to bring the good news to all people on the earth after the class is over. (e) How long did they stay in silence?

They stayed in silence for two hours. (f) What does the speaker blame in the third stanza?

The speaker in the third stanza blames that classroom education is useless and valueless. (g) What question was arisen by the students during the absence of the teacher?

During the absence of the teacher, the students arose the question (h) How does the speaker in the first stanza spend the time for the two full hours? or What did the students do in the absence of their teachers?

In the absence of their teachers, the students folded their arms and sat quietly for two hours. (i) What was the exam worth?

The exam worths 40 percent of the grade of that term. (j) What did the heavenly being reveal? Or What did the angel reveal to the students?

The angel revealed what each person must do to attain divine wisdom in his or her life and thereafter to the students.

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(k) Who has composed the poem?

Tom Wayman has composed the poem. (l) How is the classroom microcosm of human experience?

The classroom is microcosm of human experience because classroom education familiarises the students with human experiences. (m) From whose point of view is this poem written?

This poem is written from the teacher’s point of view and student’s point of view. (n) Why does the speaker in the second stanza think being in the classroom is important?

The speaker in the second stanza thinks that being in the classroom is important because things taught in the classroom are asked in the examination. (o) What does the speaker say in the third stanza regarding the value of education?

The speaker in the third stanza believes that education is useless and has no value. (p) What does the last stanza suggest?

The last stanza suggests that classroom is the only place where there are shared experiences. (q) What is the tone of the poem?

The tone of the poem is mocking. (r) Write the message/theme of the poem in one sentence.

The theme or the message of the poem is one should always be present at classroom because it is the microcosm of human experience. (s) ‘Education enlightens people with wisdom.’ Does the speaker in the fourth stanza agree with this statement? How? Yes, the speaker in the fourth stanza agrees with this statement because he argues that an angel descended and told them what a person must do to achieve divine wisdom. (t) Who is the speaker in the poem?

The speakers in the poem are a student and a teacher. (u) What do the words ‘nothing’ and ‘everything’ mean?

The words ‘nothing’ and ‘everything’ mean students and teachers respectively. (v) Who usually asks the question, “Did I Miss Anything?”

An absent student usually asks the question, “Did I Miss Anything.” (w) What does the phrase ‘our hands folded on desks’ mean?

The phrase ‘our hands folded on desks’ means stay in silence without doing any work. (x) What will happen if you miss the regular class?

If we miss the regular class, we will be deprived of human experience.

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(2) Match the first halves of the sentences in group ‘A’ with their appropriate endings in group ‘B’.

Group A Group B (a) When they realize the absence is due today (b) The exam carried fifty percent (c) The given homework they sat doing nothing (d) The activities performed in the class forty percent of the grade (e) The content of the course is valueless are without purpose (3)Write True or False for the following statements. (a) In this poem, ‘everything’ represents student’s point of view and ‘nothing’ represents teacher’s point of view. (F) (b) According to the teacher, everyone should present in the classroom because it is the microcosm of human experiences. (T) (c) The students folded their hands in silence in the absence of teacher. (T) (d) The teacher gave an exam worth 50 percent of the grade for this term. (F) (e) The angel revealed to them what each one must do in their life and hereafter. (T) (f) Tom Wayman has composed this poem. (T) (g) The students stand with noise in the class. (F) (h) Classroom teaching provides students with knowledge helpful for the exam. (T) (i) The course students study is insignificant and valueless. (F) (j) Any information you miss in the classroom is important. (T) (k) Enlightenment is gained in the classroom. (T) (l) Staying in the class is boring. (F) (m) A typical student blames that the classroom education is valueless. (T) (n) Education enlightens people with wisdom. (T) (o) The speaker in the poem is quite out of control with anger and hatred. (T) (p) The content students study in the classroom is significant. (T) (q) Classroom education familiarizes the students with human experiences. (T)

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Unit: One A World Guide to Good Manners: How not to Behave Badly Abroad Word Meaning (a) etiquette: good manners (b) a global village: the world seen as a community in which people are connected (c) to reveal the body: to expose the body (d) sleeved tops: a garment covering the arm (e) time to relax and socialize: leisure time for social-familial activities (f) business banquets: business party, entertainment (g) a business card: a card containing useful information about a person (h) business hours: working hours on a day

(i) the reverse side: opposite way (j) a professional duty: a duty or an obligation related to the job (k) firmly: strongly (l) prefer: favour, wish (m) unusual: strange, odd (n) banquets: feasts, dinner (o) nightclubs: disco, club (p) smack: display or express enjoyment (q) embarrassing: uncomfortable, humiliating (r) reveal: show (s) colleagues : co-workers

Question Answer (1)How do the Canadians greet each other?

The Canadians greet by shaking hands firmly while looking straight in the eyes of the other person.

(2)How long does it take for Latin Americans to complete their lunch?

It takes two or three hours for Latin Americans to complete their lunch.

(3)Where do people take off their shoes when entering a restaurant?

People in Japan take off their shoes when entering a restaurant.

(4)Mention any one difference between the American and the Japanese greetings.

Americans shake their hands firmly, whereas the Japanese do not do so. In America, there is a physical contact during greetings, but it is not so in Japan. The Japanese bow as per the degree of respect, but the Americans do not do so.

(5)What type of clothes should the Muslim women not wear in Muslim countries?

The Muslim women should not wear clothes revealing their body.

(6)Is your main meal of the day same as that in Britain?

No, it is not. We have the main meal in the morning and in the evening.

(7)In which countries do people prefer discussing business during meals?

People prefer discussing during meals in Britain and the United States.

(8) When is it necessary to print your business card in the local language?

It is necessary to print your business card in the local language while you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken.

(9)Where does physical distance between the speakers play significant role?

The physical distance between the speakers play significant role in most South American countries and Mexico.

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Unit: Three The Ant and the Grasshopper Word Meaning

(1) amendment: correction, change (2) amuse: entertain (3) assuredly: certainly (7) convicted: found to be guilty (8) decent : good, right, moral (9) decently: good, right, moral (10)discreditable: disgraceful (11)enticement: persuasion (12)expostulations: argument, disagreement (13)gaol: jail (14)gloom: sad and hopeless (15)hilarious: funny (16)oblige: force (17)profoundly: extremely

(4) charm : brightness (5) chuck: throw carelessly (6) circumstances: conditions (18)prosecute: charge sb with crime (19)qualm: doubt, worry (20)rage: anger (21)scoundrel: rascal (22)sore : painful (23)sore: painful (24)stared: gazed (25)suspected: doubted (26)unfortunate: unlucky (27)unscrupulous: not honest (28)vindictive: looking for revenge

Question answer (1)Who was a black sheep in Ramsay’s family? Why? Tom was a black sheep in Ramsays' family because he always created problems.

(2)What was a respectable profession to Tom? To serve in a bar or to drive a taxi was a respectable profession to Tom. (3)Why was George Ramsay staring into the space?

George Ramsay was staring into the space because his only brother, Tom, troubled him very much.

(4)Why did Tom leave his work and wife?

Tom left his work and wife because he wanted to enjoy himself.

(5)How did Tom manage his life when he ran out of money at first?

Tom managed his life when he ran out of money at first by borrowing from friends.

(6)How did Cronshaw and Tom cheat George?

Cronshaw and Tom cheated George by creating a fake case at the court.

(7)What forced George to realise that his brother would never settle down?

George gave Tom considerable sums for amendment, which Tom spent to buy a car and jewellery.

Such situations forced George to realize that his brother would settle down.

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Unit: Four Memoirs of my Visit to France (1) avid: eager (2) awe/reverence: feeling of respect (3) awe: wonder, fear (4) boulevard: wild street (5) brochure: promotional booklet (6) chirruped: make short sound (7) claustrophic: uncomfortable (8) connoisseur: expert (9) connoisseur: expert (10)consort: wife, companion (11)curator: in charge of museum (12)cursory: brief, superficial (13)cursory: without much attention (14)desolate: empty of people (15)dilettante: a person who studies something but not seriously (16)dilettante: amateur (17)drizzle: light rain (18)drizzling: light rainfall (19)drooping : hanging with no energy (20)embolden: encourage, make strong (21)emboldened: make somebody stronger or more comfortable (22)entrenched: fixed (23)entrusted: make sb responsible (24)escalator: lift

(25)exceedingly: extremely (26)exotic: unusual (27)fuming: furious, filled with smoke (28)fuming: producing smoke (29)imitated: copied, reproduced (30)indomitable: difficult to defeat (31)innumerable: countless, numerous (32)innumerable: large in number (33)juniper/yew: trees, plants (34)magnum opus: master work (35)magnus opus: a large and important piece of work (36)manhole: large hole in road (37)megacity: a big city (38)mustered: collected (39)outskirts: part away from centre (40)overcast: cloudy (41)overcast: covered with clouds (42)pensive: thoughtful (43)replica: copy (44)reverence: respect, worship (45)sculptor: artist (46)squatted : a position (47)topiary: cutting tree in a shape (48)vending machine: a machine (49)vicinity: nearby area, local area

Question-answer (1)What was the weather like?

The weather was fuming and drizzling.

(2)Where was Musee Rodin?

Musee Rodin was at the end of the road.

(3)Describe the road as the author described it.

The road was broad but wet; its sidewalks were lonely and desolate, and were shaded by poplars and maples. There were tree leaves scattered in a colourful way.

(4)Why did the author feel lonely and helpless?

The author felt lonely and helpless because no one cared about anybody; people did not want to speak to him. People passing by him did not attend to him, and they did not talk in English.

(5)Why did the author buy a hand machine?

The author bought a hand machine so that he could hear the recorded voice being explained to him in English.

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(6)What was the garden like? Describe it briefly.

The garden was full of pointed shapes of fir and pine trees, giving the best proof of French topiary.

Far away stood other trees like walnut, juniper and yew, birds chirruped from the top.

(7)Describe Rodin’s Thinking Man in few sentences.

The Thinking Man squatted on a large and tall marble slab, in half bent posture and pensive mood.

This is one of the masterpieces in modern art, an incomparable work; Rodin’s pensive mood is remarkable.

(8)When had the author visited museum in Baltimore?

The author had visited museum in Baltimore three years ago.

(9)Where was the replica of Rodin’s thinker man?

The replica of Rodin‟s thinker man was in Baltimore.

(10)What was the theme of brochure distributed at the metro station?

The theme of the brochure distributed at the metro station was to visit the Rodin Museum on the first day of the Paris Visit.

(11)Who brought the information of Paris museums to the writer?

Nirmal Bhai brought the information of Paris museums to the writer.

(12)What two museums did the writer decide to visit that day?

The writer decided to visit Rodin’s museum and Monet’s museum that day.

(13)Where were the new thoughts of art originated from?

The new thoughts of art were originated from France.

(14)What did Bangdel mention on his regular entry of 17th August 1952 in ‘Muluk Bahira Ma’?

Bangdel mentioned about Museum of Modern Art on his regular entry of 17th August 1952 AD in ‘Muluk Bahira Ma’.

(15)What opportunity had Bangdel got on 17th August 1952?

On 17th August 1952 AD, Bangdel got an opportunity to look at the paintings of all the artists of France.

(16)How is Rodin’s replica made up of in Baltimore?

Rodin’s replica is made up of black metal in Baltimore.

(17)What do you think that the curator suggested the writer?

I think the curator suggested the writer to buy a ticket and hire a special hand machine that will play the recorded voice to explain the writer everything in English.

(18)What does the leaflet distributed at metro station suggest the visitors?

The leaflet distributed at metro station suggested the visitors about museums in Paris.

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Unit: Five A Letter to Kunsang Word meaning (1) appalling: dreadful and shocking (2) appealing: pleasing (3) blissful: perfectly happy (4) compromise: agreement (5) fence: enclosing structure (6) metropolitan: forming large city (7) monotonous: repetitious, uninteresting (8) nephew: the son of somebody's brother or sister (9) obviously: clearly, absolutely (10)sophisticated: complex and advanced (11)unconditional: with no conditions or limitations

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Question-answer (1)Who has written the letter?

Manisha has written the letter.

(2)Whom is the letter addressed to?

The letter is addressed to Kunsang.

(3)Where does Kunsang want to go?

Kunsang wants to go to the biggest metropolitan city of Nepal.

(4)Why does Kunsang want to leave his village?

Kunsang wants to leave his village to find a job.

(5)Why does Manisha want her nephew to give it a second thought?

Manisha wants her nephew to give a second thought because life in the city is very difficult (6)What suggestions did Manisha give Kunsang? Make a list.

She suggested Kunsang not to ignore his parents‟ support, and that he should complete his studies first.

(7)Do you like Kunsang’s idea of stopping his studies? Why? Why not? Explain.

No, I do not like his idea. He should complete his studies before leaving for metropolitan city because life in such a city would be very difficult if one is not well qualified.

Unit: Five Movie Review; “2012” is a Perfect Disaster (1)Who is Roland Emmerich.

Roland Emmerich is the director of the movie “2012”.

(2)When was the movie “2012” released?

The movie was released on 13th November, 2009.

(3)What misconception is captured in the beginning of the movie?

It was assumed that the Mayan calendar picks “2012” as the date of humanity‟s disaster.

(4) Why do audience not feel bored while watching the movie?

The audience do not feel bored while watching the movie because the actors, the story the dialogue and the special effects are fantastic.

(5)What makes “2012” a perfect movie?

The way things are presented in the movie “2012” makes it the perfect movie.

(6)What are the differences between “2012” and other movies?

Other movies have explosions; “2012” has an atom bomb size detonation that wipes Yellowstone off the map. Other movies have earthquakes; “2012” sends California sinking, in flames into the sea. Other movies kill thousands; “2012” kills zillions without breaking a sweat.

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Unit: Six Achham Word Meaning (1) accessibility: the act of reaching somewhere (2) accommodation: lodging and housing (3) confluence: meeting, union, coming together (4) potential: possible, probable, prospective (5) scripture: holy writing (6) typical: distinctive, representative (1)How can we get to Mangalsen?

We can get to Mangalsen by road except during the monsoon. During the monsoon, we can go there by walking for eight hours from Sanfebagar.

(2)How many airports are available in Achham?

There is only one airport available in Achham.

(3)Which is easier and safer way to reach Mangalsan, via air or road?

The safer and easier way to reach Mangalsen is via road because there is no direct access of air ways to Mangalsen.

(4)What is the similarity between Achham and Doti?

The similarity between Achham and Doti is that they have similar cultural heritages.

(5)What is the climate of Achham like?

The climate of Achham is sub-tropical, mild and cool.

(6) Why do people have hope of a safe journey?

People have a hope of safe journey because it is a hilly region, and there are no good roads.

(7) Would you like to go to Achham? Why? Yes, I would like to go to Achham because there are many religious places which I'm keen to visit.

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Unit : Seven News Articles Rampant pesticide use risks health Word meaning (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

ailments: illness, a mild illness or injury consumption: spending, using up dysfunction: not functioning properly entomologist: a person who studies insects excessive: extreme, too much, unnecessary hazard: danger, risk, exposure (opposite: security) implementation: functioning, performance, carrying out impotence: weakness, inability, incapacity, ब ाँझोपन

(9) insecticide: chemicals used to destroy insects (10)miscarriage: an involuntary ending of a pregnancy through the discharge of the foetus from the womb at too early a stage in its development for it to survive (11)pesticide: chemicals used to destroy insects (12)posing: presenting (13)rampant: extensive, widespread, out of control, uncontrolled (opposite: contained) (14)shortage: lack, scarcity, deficiency (15)Unprescribe: not prescribed by doctor or anyone

Climate change is going to make inequality even worse than it already is (1) demonstrate: show, display, exhibit (2) disproportionate: uneven, unequal, unbalanced (opposite: corresponding) (3) exacerbate: to make something worse (4) glaring: very easily seen, obvious (5) lacunae: gap (6) ramification: complication, difficulty (7) tweak: to make slight changes to something to improve it

Question-answer (1) What are the headlines of the news articles above?

The headlines of the news articles above are “Rampant pesticide use risks health” and “Climate change is going to make inequality even worse than it already is”.

(2) Who are the authors of the articles?

The authors of the articles are the editorial board of The Himalayan Times and Charles Harvey.

(3) When were the articles written?

The first and the second articles were written on July 19, 2009 and December 8, 2015.

(4) Why is it difficult to carry out the test in labs?

It is difficult to carry out the tests in lab due to poor facilities in the labs and staff shortage.

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(5) What is harmful to both the farmers and consumers?

Unprescribed use of chemicals is harmful for both the farmers and consumers.

(6) Name the places where the scientist Paneru recently visited.

The scientist Paneru recently visited vegetable farms in Charaudi and Mahadevsthan villages of Dhading, Empaphant and Baradi of Tanahun and Tutunga village of Kaski district.

(7) What are the deadly effects of excessive use of pesticides?

The excessive use of pesticides affects the nervous system and can cause impotence, liver and kidney dysfunction. They can also cause disabilities, miscarriage and skin, heart and eye ailments.

(8) Who will be disproportionately affected by climate change?

The poor will be disproportionately affected by climate change.

(9) Who developed Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy?

Francis Denning and his colleagues developed Regional Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy.

(10)Why was Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy developed?

Regional Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy was developed to study the inequalities within different regions of the world essentially acknowledging that different countries contain people of both higher and lower incomes.

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Unit: Eight

Human Trafficking Word meaning (1) abduction: kidnap, seizure

(13)marginalisation: treatment of a person or

(2) combat: fight, battle

group as insignificant

(3) concerned: worried, related

(14)prolonged: long-standing, long-lasting

(4) cross-cutting: a topic that has strong

(15)prone: disposed to something

impact on all and that must receive

(16)prostitute: a person who engages in a

special attention (5) deception: dishonesty, trickery

sexual activity for payment (17)recreation:

(6) deserted: left by husband or somebody

refreshment,

amusement

(opposite: work)

(7) epidemic: plague, fast-spreading disease

(18)recruitment: enrol or take on somebody

(8) extraction: removal, taking out (opposite:

(19)smuggle: bring into country illegally

insertion) (9) fraud: deception, deceit

(20)sophisticated: stylish, complicated (21)transnational: extending across national

(10)helpline: a telephone or service providing help with problems (11)incentive: motivation, encouragement

boundaries (22)violation: breach, disobedience, (23)vulnerable: exposed to the possibility of

(12)lure: entice, tempt, attract

being harmed

Question-answer (1) What do you mean by human trafficking?

Human trafficking is an unlawful trade of human beings.

(2) Who are prone to trafficking?

Marginalized women and children, people from low income households, ethnic minorities, illiterate people, people with low level of education, refugees, illegal migrants, children running away from home, members of split families, women of forced marriage and early marriage, deserted wife, widows and discriminated daughters are prone to trafficking.

(3) How do traffickers victimise the targeted people?

Traffickers take help of local people to identify helpless families. The members of such families are lured to promises of better life and well-paid jobs in cities. Traffickers also put forward false proposal, make false marriages and even make the poor people dream of 21 | P a g e

making easy money and living a sophisticated life.

(4) Human trafficking is another form of slavery. Do you agree or disagree? Explain why.

Yes, I agree with the statement "Human trafficking is another form of slavery." Human trafficking is a cruel type of slavery because it removes the victim from all that is familiar to her/him. The trafficked/smuggled humans are forced to work as prostitutes, domestic servants, beggars, factory workers, mine workers, circus performers and child soldiers.

(5) ‘Unlike common people, victim’s life is different.� Justify it with an example.

Yes, I agree with the statement "Human trafficking is another form of slavery." Human trafficking is a cruel type of slavery because it removes the victim from all that is familiar to her/ him. The trafficked/smuggled humans are forced to work as prostitutes, domestic servants, beggars, factory workers, mine workers, circus performers and child soldiers.

(6) Why are marginalized women and children at risk?

Marginalized women and children are at risk because of their limited economic resource and their minority status in the society.

(7) If you were a victim of human trafficking, how would you feel? Write in a sentence.

If I were a victim, I would feel like being in the hell.

A Scary Secret of Two Sisters (1) adventure: exciting activity

(10)shiver: tremble, shake, shake slightly

(2) annoy: irritate, infuriate

because you are frightened

(3) blunder: a serious mistake, error

(11)snatch: grab, grasp, steal

(4) breeze: gentle wind, light wind

(12)soccer: football

(5) cosy: comfortable, warn, pleasant

(13)terrible: extreme, serious

(6) disgusting: unacceptable, ungraceful

(14)thug: hooligan, a brutal person, robber, a

(7) dusk: sunset, twilight, early evening

violent person

(8) growl: howl, speak unfriendly, say

(15)utter: complete, total, absolute

something in a low voice

(16)vanish: disappear, go missing

(9) lanky: tall and thin

Question-answer (1) Where did the two sisters go to spend their vacation?

The two sisters went to their grandparent's hometown to spend their vacation.

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(2) What did they decide to do in absence of their grandparents?

They decided to go out of the hotel in the absence of their grandparents.

(3) Why did they go out of the lodge?

They went out of the lodge because they didn't like the hotel.

(4) What happened when they reached the street?

When they reached the street, a thug suddenly came and looted them.

(5) What important lesson did they learn from their mistake?

From their mistake, they learnt that children must obey their parents and elders because their experience and knowledge are guidelines for their better life.

(6) Why did they decide not to share that scary incident to anyone?

They decided not to share that scary incident to anyone because if they did, they would be punished (7) What lesson did you learn from this text?

From this text, I learnt that we must obey our elders because they have better understanding about life and situations.

(8) What really terrified the writer’s little sister?

The appearance of the thug and the smell of cigarettes and alcohol coming from him terrified the writer’s little sister.

(9) Why did the two sisters dislike the lodge?

The two sisters disliked the lodge because it was not much airy and cozy.

(10)How did the granddaughters disobey their grandparents?

The granddaughters had told their granddaughters not to go outside till they return but they decided to go out of the lodge.

(11)Where were they going?

They were going out of lodge for a walk.

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Unit: Ten Yogmaya Word meaning (1) agenda: list of things to do, matters needing attention (2) bribe: to give somebody money or some other incentive to do something, especially something illegal or dishonest (3) confront: challenge somebody face to face, meet, tackle (4) convention: a large meeting or conference (5) convention: a large meeting or conference (6) devise: plan, think something up (7) embody: make something tangible, symbolise, represent (8) expunged: wiped out, got rid of somebody completely (9) feminist: a person who supports for the rights of women (10)grant: allow, permit, contribution (11)ideal: perfect example, most suitable (12)intertwine: twist or twine together (13)merge: combine, unite, come together (14)mingle: mix, blend, come together (15)oppression: dominate harshly, domination (16)parity: equality, the condition of being equal (17)prevail: exist, be stronger, win through (18)protestors: people who complain or project strongly (19)stain: discoloured patch, dirty mark (20)strategy: planning in any field (21)tender: loving, caring, kind-hearted, soft (22)two-pronged: having two projecting pointed parts, separated into parts (23)ultimatum: a final demand (24)underway: proceeding (25)utopian: imaginary situation in which everything is perfect (26)virtue: behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards

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Question answer (1) Who is Yogmaya? Who is Manamaya?

Yogamaya is a poet, teacher and insurgent, and Manamaya is a follower.

(2) What were the two main reasons that made Yogamaya a rebel?

Yogamaya became a rebel firstly due to the cultural and political oppression of her time and secondly due to the unfair rule of the then Prime Minister who allowed corruption and inequality to prevail in the country.

(3) What was Yogmaya’s demand with the government?

Yogamaya demanded that the government grant them justice.

(4) What is hazurban? How is it popular?

The hazurbani implies the powerful verses composed by Yogamaya. The verses became popular as her teachings became a comprehensive utopian ideal and served as a nonviolent strategy against the Rana rule.

(5) Why do you think Yogmaya stopped her revolt?

I think Yogmaya stopped her revolt because the rulers did not fulfill her demands, and instead her protests were rounded up by the army.

(6) How did Yogmaya die?

Yogamaya died by dipping herself into the thundering current of Arun river (7) After Yogmaya’s death, what might have been the reaction of the government?

After Yogamaya’s death, the government might have accused her of madness, and might have banned all information about her. Even it might have launched a false campaign to prove that the government was good.

(8) Yogmaya’s preaching was in the form of poetry. What have you understood from the given verses?

From the given verses, I understood that she was fighting for equality and justice (9) What lesson did you learn from this text?

From this text, I learnt the lesson that people revolt against cruelty and injustice.

However, the method of revolution can be different.

(10)How many followers of Yogmaya were there?

There were 68 followers of Yogmaya.

(11)What did Juddha Shumsher do?

Juddha Shumsher responded her ultimatum by sending his army to round up the protestors.

(12)Which two evils are intertwined?

The two intertwined evils were inequality and corruption.

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(13)What was Yogmaya’s ultimatum to the rulers?

Yogmaya’s ultimatum to the rulers was if they do not grand them justice, they would die.

(14)How did the rulers respond to Yogmaya after her ultimatum?

The rulers responded to Yogmaya by sending his army to round up the protestors after her ultimatum.

(15)What was the aim of Yogmaya’s movement?

The aim of Yogmaya’s movement was to prevent the existing corruption and inequality. She also demanded for reform and justice.

Parents Word meaning Word meaning (1) evil: having or showing offensive desire (2) fake: false, somebody or something not genuine (3) lecherous: lustful, passionate (4) leer: look unpleasantly lustful (5) lurking: waiting or hiding with the intention of doing something wrong (6) munch: chew noisily (7) obsessed: preoccupied or filled the mind of someone continually, be preoccupied (8) ridiculous: very silly or unreasonable (9) stammer: speak with hesitations and repetitions (10)stamped: brought a foot down forcefully on a surface (11)swerve: change or caused to change direction suddenly (12)window-shopping: look without buying

Question answer (1) Where is Anuja going?

Anuja is going to meet her e-friend.

(2) What was her father’s suggestion?

First he warned her about bad people who fake themselves as teenager, chat with girls like her and seek opportunities to take advantage of innocent girls, and then suggested that he would accompany her to the meeting spot.

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(3) Why did Anuja tell her secret to her father?

Anujas’ secret was that she had chatted with her e-friend as a boy. She told this to her father to avoid any kind of confusion that would crop up when meeting her e-friend.

(4) What did her father notice on the other side of the road?

Her father noticed a car with dark windows parked on the other side of the road.

(5) Did Anuja meet her friend? Why not?

No, she didn’t meet her friend because she didn’t appear.

(6) How did her father feel at the end?

He might have felt embarrassed.

(7) Who do you think is cleverer? Anuja’s father or the mother of Anuja’s friend?

I think the mother of Anuja’s friend is cleverer.

(8) Write down the major trends of Anuja’s father.

Anuja's father was an attentive, concerned and a caring father.

(9) Do you think Anuja’s father was caring? Why? Why not? Give your reasons.

Yes, he was caring. Had he not been caring, he wouldn’t have accompanied his daughter to meet her e-friend.

(10)How does Anuja spend most of her time?

Anuja spends most of her time on computer chatting with her friends and sending e-mails.

(11)How old is her new e-friend?

Her new e-friend is 12 years old.

(12)Why did Anuja’s father warn her about bad people?

Anuja’s father warned her about bad people because some of them fake themselves as teenagers, chat with girls like her and seek opportunities to take advantage of innocent girls.

(13)What did Anuja tell her father on the way?

Anuja told her father that she had chatted with her new e-friend as a boy.

(14)How long do they want to wait if there is no girl?

They want to wait 10 minutes if there is no girl.

(15)Describe the physique of the narrator.

The narrator is the father of Anuja. He is an old man with a big stomach and a baldhead.

(16)What is Anuja like?

Anuja is only 13. She spends most of her time on computer chatting with her friends and sending mails.

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(17)What did her father insist for?

Her father insisted for going with her to meet her new e-friend.

(18)Why did her father tell Anuja that her new friend was fake?

Her father told Anuja that her new friend was fake because there are many bad people who fake themselves as teenager and wait for opportunities to take advantage of innocent girls.

(19)How old is Anuja?

Anuja is 13 years old.

(20)Why did Anuja’s father go with her to meet her new e-friend?

Anuja’s father went with her to meet her new e-friend because he had a doubt that bad people would fake themselves as teenager and wait for opportunities to take advantage of innocent girls.

(21)Why did Anuja’s father start pacing up and down?

Anuja’s father started pacing up and down because he had to wait for a long time.

Unit: Twelve Interview (1) abdomen: body section containing stomach (2) appetite: desire for food (3) attenuated: extremely thin (4) booster: somebody or something that causes improvement (5) coma: long period of unconsciousness (6) constipation: the condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels (7) contaminate: make something impure by exposure or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance (8) crucial: decisive, important, excellent (9) delirious: irrational through illness, excited (10)diagnosis: identification of illness (11)dreadful: extremely bad, extreme (12)faeces: body’s solid waste (13)fatal: leading to death, deadly (14)ingestion: absorb something into body (15)microorganism: microscopic organism (16)pandemic: having widespread effect 28 | P a g e

(17)pathogenic: causing disease (18)potentially: with the capacity to develop or happen in the future (19)preventive: able to be prevented or avoided (20)profoundly: greatly, intensely, greatly (21)rash: skin eruption, an outbreak on the surface of the skin that is often reddish and itchy (22)resume: continue after interruption (23)sanitation: cleanliness

Question answer (1) What do you mean by typhoid fever?

Typhoid fever is a fatal infectious disease caused by bacteria called Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Parathtyphi A and B. (2) What is an infectious disease?

An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganism such as bacteria, virus, parasites and fungi etc.

(3) What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

The symptoms of typhoid fever are high grade fever, headache, body ache, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhoea, vomiting, etc.

(4) How does typhoid fever transmit?

The typhoid fever transmits through excreta, direct contact to the infected ones, contaminated food, water, milk and through flies.

(5) What are the preventive measures of typhoid fever?

The preventive measures of typhoid fever are washing hands with clean water and soap, having hygienic foods, improved sanitation and protection and purification of drinking water.

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Unit: Fourteen Reunion of the Family (1) anxious: feeling nervous

(12)grumble: express dissatisfaction, say

(2) approach: move closer

something as compliment

(3) berate: scold, rebuke

(13)heed: attention

(4) bother: make effort, trouble

(14)indeed: certainly, really

(5) caressing: touching somebody

(15)nuisance: irritation, pain, annoyance,

affectionately

(16)pass away: die

(6) cuddle: hold each other tightly

(17)perplexed: puzzled, confused

(7) desperately: extremely, greatly

(18)scared: afraid

(8) dimple: indented area in skin

(19)stare: look at something or someone for

(9) embrace: hug somebody

a long time

(10)envied: wanted somebody else has,

(20)vanish: disappear suddenly

jealousy

(21)wrinkled: facial line from ageing

(11)gesture: sign, signal, body movement

(22)yelled: shouted

Question answer (1) Who was leaving the house?

Pabitra, Dinesh‟s grandma, was leaving the house.

(2) How many members were there in Jayaram’s family and who were they?

There were five members in his family. They were Jayaram himself; his mother, Pabitra; his wife, Junakiri; his son, Khanchuu and the housekeeper, Naani.

(3) When did Dinesh’s parents realise that their son was not happy at all?

Dinesh‟s parents realised that their son was not happy at all when Dinesh didn‟t show any interest at the tablet, which was brought for him as a gift.

(4) Do you have a housekeeper like Naani at your home? If yes, how do you behave towards her?

Yes, we do have a housekeeper like Naani at our home. All the family members in our house treat her like the member of the house, and all of us help her with her work.

(5) Why did Pabitra leave her house?

Pabitra left the house because some misunderstanding arose between her and her son and daughter-in-law.

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(6) Why were Naani, Jayaram and Junakiri’s eyes filled with the tears of happiness?

When they saw the reaction of both grandma and grandson when they met after some time, they realized how badly they had missed each other. This made Naani, Jayaram and Junakiri‟s eyes filled with the tears of happiness.

(7) How was Dinesh able to reunite his family?

Dinesh was able to unite his family by showing his intense desire to be with his grandma.

(8) What message did you get from this story?

When adults sometimes behave like children, God uses little ones to teach them a lesson.

(9) Why were people jealous of Kanchhu’s family?

People were jealous of Kanchhu’s family because their family was a happy family. There was only laughter in the family.

(10)What made the grandmother feel that she was ignored?

The grandmother felt that she was ignored because her son didn’t pay her attention and spoke angrily with her.

(11)Why couldn’t Dinesh’s parents talk about each other’s problems last night?

Dinesh’s parents couldn’t talk about each other’s problems last night because his daddy was busy at his business and his mom had to prepare documents on the computer for the next day.

(12)Why did the father not want to be bothered?

The father didn’t want to be bothered because he had to handle so many things.

(13)Why does the boy think the most responsible for his grandmother leaving home?

The boy thinks that his dad and mom are the most responsible for his grandmother leaving the house.

(14)What class did Dinesh study?

Dinesh studies in grade three.

(15)Why did he study with his full effort?

He studies with his full effort to bring her grandmother back as his reward.

(16)When did his result come out?

The result came out after 30 days.

(17)When did his parents buy as a surprise for his progress in study?

His parents bought him a tablet as a surprise for his progress in study.

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(18)Who was Kanchhu waiting for?

Kanchhu was waiting for his grandma.

(19)What did Dinesh do when he saw his grandma?

Dinesh threw his school bag down and embraced his grandma when he saw his grandma.

(20)According to Grandma, when does the God use little children to teach adults a lesson?

According to Grandma, God uses little children when adults behave like children to teach adults a lesson.

(21)Who do you think the cause of family reunion?

I think Dinesh or Kanchhu is the cause of the family reunion.

(22)What was the family’s reaction when Dinesh rushed and embraced his grandma?

The eyes of the family’s members were filled with tears when Dinesh rushed and embraced his grandma.

(23)How did Grandma bid goodbye to Dinesh?

Dinesh bid goodbye to Dinesh by kissing and squeezing him tightly.

(24)Why is Junkiri furious?

Junkiri is furious because her son didn’t pay her attention and spoke angrily with her.

(25)What was the happy ending of the story?

The happy ending of the story is grandma came back to the house to live with the family.

Unit : Sixteen Jitiya Festival Word meaning (1) deity: god or goddess

(8) narrate: tell story of something

(2) devotee: a religious or spiritual person

(9) renowned: popular, famous

(3) effuse: pour, spread irregularly

(10)sacred: holy

(4) ensure: make sure

(11)scrub: clean by rubbing

(5) fortune: luck

(12)solidarity: harmony

(6) hermit: solitary person, someone who

(13)sponge gourd: ghiraula

chooses to live alone (7) hermitage: a place where hermit lives

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(14)statues: idols

Question answer (1) Why is Jitiya festival celebrated?

Jitiya festival is celebrated for the good fortune and long life for the husband and children.

(2) How long is this festival celebrated?

This festival is celebrated for three days.

(3) What do married women do on the second day of celebration?

On the second day of the celebration married women fast for whole day.

(4) How and when do married women scrub their house?

On the first day of the celebration, women scrub their house with cowâ€&#x;s dung to make their house sacred.

(5) What is the relationship between Masabashi and the Sun? Masabashi is the unmarried princess and the mother of Jimutavahana. He was the blessing of the Sun. So, Masabashi and the sun are interrelated.

(6) What do married women offer to Jimutavahana before they break their fast?

Married women offer some fruits, milk and curd to Jimutavahana before they break their fast.

(7) How can the celebration of Jitiya promote harmony among people?

The celebration of the Jitiya festival can promote the harmony among the people as cultural understanding strengthens the unity.

(8) What is the song of Jitiya festival called?

The song of Jitiya festival is called Darkatoni.

(9) Whose idols are made by women devotees while celebrating this festival?

The idols of Jimutavahana are made by women devotees while celebrating this festival.

(10)According to the myth, who had saved the life of baby eagle?

According to the myth, Jimutavahana had saved the life of the baby eagle.

(11)Why did the baby eagle live long?

The baby eagle lived long by fasting.

(12)Who was Jimutavahana to Masabashi?

Jimutavahana was the son of Masabashi.

(13)What do they use to massage their children?

They use oil to massage their children.

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(14)What are eaten as dar?

Curd, beaten rice and fruits are eaten as dar.

(15)What do they do after completing their brata?

After completing their brata, they sing and dance the whole day.

(16)Where is Jitiya festival mainly celebrated?

Jitiya is mainly celebrated in Mithilanchal and Tharu community.

(17)Why do women take fast during the festival?

Women take fast during the festival for the good fortune of their children, husband and family.

(18)How do they clean their house to make it sacred?

They clean their house with cow’s dung.

Unit: Seventeen Sushila’s Determination Word meaning (1) anxious: feeling fear and uncertain

(7) gasp: catch the breath in surprise

(2) career: long-term or lifelong job

(8) horoscope: chart showing the position of

(3) concerned: anxious or worried

the stars at birth used for fortune telling

(4) consideration: thought, careful thought, thoughfulness

(9) impatient: annoyed, irritated (10)noble: good, splendid, gracious, fine,

(5) entire: whole

decent

(6) fortunate: lucky

(11)rude: not polite

Question answer (1) Why don’t Sushila’s parents want to send her to university?

Sushila’s parents don’t want to send Sushila to a university because they are not rich and want her to get married.

(2) Was her parents’ marriage a love marriage? How do you know?

No, her parents’ marriage was not a love marriage, it was an arranged marriage. Her mother had not met her father before her marriage. She didn’t even know his name.

(3) Why does Sushila say that her mother was ‘lucky’?

Sushila think her mother was lucky to have a caring and loving husband like her father.

(4) What’s Sushila’s suggestion about money to pay for her studies?

She suggests that instead of saving money for her marriage, they should spend it on her education.

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(5) If you were Sushila’s parents, what would you do?

If I were Sushila’s father, I would spend on education rather than on marriage.

(6) Why does Sushila’s mother say that she is not respectful to her father?

Sushila’s mother says that she is not respectful to her father because she interrupted her father rudely before he had the chance to tell her.

(7) Where do the family live these days?

The family live abroad these days.

(8) Why does Mr Ojha say there is no secure future in being a nurse?

Mr Ojha says there is no secure future in being a nurse because it doesn’t pay much.

(9) Was her parents’ marriage a love marriage? How do you know?

No, her parents’ marriage was not a love marriage because they had never met before their marriage.

(10)What do her parents allow her to do finally?

Her parents allowed her to continue her study finally.

(11)What are Sushila’s parents worried about?

Sushila’s parents are allowed about her marriage.

(12)What does Mr Ojha want to say when he says, “The best course for you is to do Nepalese young ladies have done?”

Mr Ojha wants to say about Sushila’s marriage when he says, “The best course for you is to do Nepalese young ladies have done?”

(13)What is Sushila anxious about?

Sushila is anxious about her father’s proposal.

(14)Where is Sushila brought up?

Sushila is brought up in a foreign nation.

(15)Why does she want to be a nurse?

She wants to be a nurse they have excellent careers in private clinics.

(16)What is she hopeful about?

She is hopeful about scholarship.

(17)Why doesn’t she find security in marriage?

She doesn’t find security in marriage because she doesn’t know what her future husband will be like.

(18)What does Sushila’s mother blame her about?

Sushila’s mother blames her about rudeness.

(19)Why does Sushila’s mother think that Sushila’s marriage will turn well?

Sushila’s mother thinks that Sushila’s marriage will turn well because she has consulted her horoscope.

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(20)Who is lucky? Why? Sushila’s father is lucky because she has got a caring husband.

(21)How does Mr Ojha manage money for Sushila’s further study?

Mr Ojha manages money for Sushila’s further study by asking from others.

(22)What is the drama about?

The drama is about Sushila’s marriage and career plans.

(23)Why is Sushila anxious?

Sushila is anxious about her marriage and future.

Unit: Eighteen Habit Cultivation Word meaning (1) abstain: give up, to choose not to do (12)integrity: honesty, the quality of something possessing high moral principles (2) adversity: misfortune, an extremely (13)obstacle: hindrance, hurdle, somebody or unfavourable experience or event something that hinders or prevents (3) analyse: study something closely progress (4) conditioned: involuntarily produced as (14)philosophy: school of thought, guiding or learned response, habituated, trained underlying principle (5) consistent: reliable, dependable (15)plow: plough (6) cowardice: lack of courage (16)possess: own something, have (7) despair: feeling of hopelessness (17)self-restraint: control over own actions (8) destiny: somebody’s predetermined (18)sustain: nourish somebody, provide future somebody with moral support, maintain (9) detrimental: harmful, causing damage (19)temptation: lure, enticement, desire for (10)ingrain: impress something on something bad somebody’s mind (20)trait: quality, individual characteristic (11)inspiration: stimulation to do creative (21)transaction: instance of doing business work, motivation Question answer (1) What comment do we often hear?

The comment we often hear is that someone is lucky and everything turns out to be good to him or unlucky and everything turns out to be bad to him.

(2) How do some people become perfect in making mistakes?

Some people become perfect in making mistakes by repeating the mistakes so many times.

(3) Do you consider yourself to be perfect? Why? Why not?

Yes, I consider myself to be perfect because I always try to avoid making mistakes and repeating them.

(4) What are the valuable traits that human beings have to possess?

Ability to show courage, showing self restraint, being happy, trying to seek opportunity in the challenges, etc. are the valuable traits that human beings have to possess.

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(5) How can you form a habit?

We can form a habit by practising anything for a long time.

(6) What type of habit have you decided to form after reading this text?

I have decided to think positively and remove all bad behaviours after reading this text.

(7) What does Aristotle say about habit?

Aristotle says that we are what we repeatedly do. Excellence is not an act, but a habit.

(8) What causes us to failure though we are born to lead successful lives?

Our conditioning causes us to failure though we are born to lead successful lives.

(9) Who does something right in each transaction?

A successful person does something right in each transaction.

(10)Who repeatedly does the same mistake?

The failure repeatedly does the same mistake.

(11)Give another suitable title to the text.

Habit Formation (12)What are we born for?

We are born for leading successful lives.

(13)What is the reality of the comments passed by the people about lucky and unlucky persons?

The reality of the comments passed by the people about lucky and unlucky ones is when lucky touches dirt, it turns into gold and when unlucky touches, it turns to dirt.

(14)What is the difference between successful and failure persons?

The difference between successful and failure persons is that a successful person does something right in each transaction and failure is repeating the same mistake again and again.

(15)How do mistakes become automatic?

Mistakes become automatic when people keep practicing their mistakes.

(16)What is the feature of practice?

The feature of practice is it makes permanent whenever we do repeatedly.

(17)Why is cultivating habit compared with ploughing a field?

Cultivating habit is compared with ploughing a field because it takes time.

(18)What is the difference between inspiration and motivation?

The difference between inspiration and motivation is inspiration is what gets us started and motivation is what keeps us on track.

(19)What happens if we tell a lie once?

If we tell a lie once, it becomes easier to lie until it becomes a habit.

(20)What are sustain and abstain related?

Sustain and abstain are related to success.

(21)When does practice become a habit?

Practice becomes a habit when we do it repeatedly.

(22)What does the author suggest us to do?

The author suggests us to try to form character-building habits.

(23)Where does the success lie?

The success lies in the philosophy of sustain and abstain.

(24)How is a person’s character formed?

A person’s character is formed by habits.

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VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT Key Words from Vacancy Announcement (1) additional : extra, supplementary, further (2) advertisement : ad, public notice, announcement (3) asset : benefit, advantage (4) at least : minimum (5) auspicious : good, lucky, favourable, promising, positive (6) bar : barrier, block (7) bio-data : CV, curriculum vitae, resume, personal details (8) candidate: applicant, contestant, contender (9) capable : able, competent, skilled, proficient (10)certificates : documents, testimonials, credentials (11)collaboration: partnership, alliance, association, teamwork (12)company: business house, firm, concern (13)constraint : restriction, limitation, constriction (14)deadline: time limit, closing date (15)dedicated : devoted, enthusiastic, committed, keen (16)deputy: assistant, second-in-command (17)desired: wanted, required, looked for, preferred (18)detailed : full, complete, through, meticulous (19)discipline: subject, field, branch of learning (20)dynamic : lively, active, energetic, vibrant (21)eligible: qualified, entitled, suitable (22)employer: boss, manager (23)entail: involve, require, need, take up (24)enthusiastic: keen, excited, eager, passionate (25)entire: whole, complete, total (26)established: set up, founded, started, recognised (27)funded : donated, financed, supported (28)immediately: at once, instantly, directly, just now, without delay (29)inclusive: comprehensive, wide-ranging, all-encompassing, including (30)independent: self-governing, separate, autonomous (31)institute: organisation, institution (32)interested: concerned, involved, willing, curious (33)invite: ask for, request, call for, encourage 38 | P a g e

(34)lately: most recently, recently, currently, these days (35)later: soon, in a while, later on, afterwards, soon after (36)located : situated, sited (37)major : main, chief, key, most important (38)minimum: at least, not less than (39)motto: maxim, aim, objective, slogan, dictum (40)negotiable: flexible, unfixed, open to discussion (41)occupation: job, profession, work, career (42)occupy: take up, hold, engage, involve (43)optimistic: hopeful, bright, positive (44)personnel: workers, staff, employees, human resource (45)petition: appeal, formal request, implore (46)position: post, place (47)prestigious: high-status, esteemed, prominent, reputed, recognised (48)priority: main concern, preference (49)proposal : tender, offer, suggestion, application (50)queries: inquiries, questions (51)recent: current, latest, contemporary (52)recommendation: reference, approval, commendation (53)requirements: necessities, conditions, obligations (54)research: investigate, study, explore (55)salary: remuneration, payment, emolument (56)seeking: searching, looking for (57)selected: chosen (58)submit: give in, put forward, offer (59)supervise: oversee, take charge of, observe (60)testimonials: recommendation, tribute, reference (61)tutor: teacher, instructor (62)vacancy: job, post, position, opportunity, available job (63)vacant: empty, available, unoccupied

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B. Find the words which are closest in meaning to the following definitions. academic

academy

bio data

boost

candidate

certificate

collaboration

deadline

document

dynamic

employee

employer

enthusiastic

institute

interview

manager

negotiation

prestigious

supervise

vacancy

(a) A formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out if they are suitable for a job or a course of study

............................................

(b) A job or position which has not been filled

.............................................

(c) A person who is in charge of running a business

............................................

(d) A person who is paid to work for an organisation or for another person................................... (e) A place of study or training in a special field

............................................

(f) A time or date before which a particular task must be finished

............................................

(g) An official document that one receives when he or she has completed a course of study or training ............................................ (h) An organisation having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved with education, or a

(i)

specific profession

............................................

Full of energy or full of new and exciting ideas

............................................

(j) Having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval..................................... (k) Information regarding an individual's education and work history............................................ (l) One or more official pieces of paper with writing on them

............................................

(m) Someone who is being considered for a position while applying for a job................................. (n) Something that can be changed or agreed when people discuss it............................................ (o) That is respected and admired by people

............................................

(p) The act of working together to produce a piece of work

............................................

(q) The person or organisation that one works for

............................................

(r) To increase, improve or be more successful

............................................

(s) To make sure that the activity is done correctly or that the person is doing a task or behaving correctly (t) Work which involves studying and reasoning

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............................................ ............................................

C. Match the following with their opposites. (a) capable

______ (i) brief

(b) dedicated

______ (ii)employee

(c) detail

______ (iii)incapable

(d) employer

______ (iv)partial/incomplete

(e) entire

______ (v)indifferent

(f) enthusiastic

______ (vi)exclusive

(g) immediately

______ (vii)before/earlier

(h) inclusive

______ (viii)uninterested

(i) independent

______ (ix)distantly

(j) interested

______ (x)pessimistic

(k) later

______ (xi)dependent

(l) major

______ (xii)occupied, fulfilled

(m) optimistic

______ (xiii)reluctant

(n) vacant

______ (xiv)minor

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