Thesis Report on Mixed use Commercial tower at GIFT City Gujarat

COMMERCIAL MIXED-USE TOWER AT GIFT CITY, AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT A Thesis Project Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE By RITESH RANJAN B.ARCH/15027/14

Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Patna Campus Year-2018

COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER AT GIFT CITY, GUJARAT

A THESIS REPORT UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THESIS GUIDE AR. PRADEEP KUMAR

SIGNATURE OF COORDINATOR OF PROGRAMME, (AR. PRADEEP KUMAR) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OFARCHITECTURE, BIT PATNA

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work presented in the thesis project entitled “Commercial Mixed Use Tower at Gujarat International Finance Tec City, Ahmedabad� in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi is an authentic work carried out under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis project does not a basis for the award of any previous Degree to anyone else.

Ar. Pradeep Kumar (Thesis Guide) Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

The thesis project as mentioned above is hereby approved as a creditable study of project work and has been presented in a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted.

DATE: 06th December 2018

(EXTERNAL EXAMINER-I)

(EXTERNAL EXAMINER-II)

Head of the Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi- 835215

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT There are a lot of people whom I would like to thank for helping me in completing this thesis.

At first I would like to thank my parents to inspire me to go ahead through all the stages of life.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis guide Ar. Pradeep Kumar, Previous guide Ar. Md. Danish for guiding me throughout the research and design process; for their valuable suggestions and inputs at critical stages of design translation that finally helped to shape the idea. For believing in me to execute such a project of such a huge magnitude.

My special thanks to Dr. Angsuman Mandal, Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, for his valuable time and suggestions. I would like to thank all the teachers of our department for always being there with a helping hand.

I would deeply thank, thesis coordinator, Ar. Pradeep Kumar, for the systematic struc ture of the design stages so as to make it a gradual process of learning and application.

At last but not the least I am grateful to all those sources, person who helped me directly or indirectly in achieving this stage of this project.

Ritesh Ranjan B.Arch B.ARCH/15027/14 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 9th Semester,

TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1: THESIS-THE SEARCH

4-15

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………4 1.1 Skyscraper………………………………………………………………………………………............4 1.2 Mixed use building……………………………………………………………………………………..5 1.2.1 Need of mixed use high-rise……………………………………………………………………...6 1.2.2 Benefits………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 1.3 Global scenario of skyscrapers………………………………………………………………………..7 1.4 Calculating the height of tall building…………………………………………………………………8 1.5 Technical details of high rise …………………………………………………………………………9 1.5.1 Shape efficiency…………………………………………………………………………………9 1.5.2 Wind design……………………………………………………………………………………10 1.6 Challenges while designing skyscraper……………………………………………………………...10 2. Site details……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 2.1 Diamond tower, gift city……………………………………………………………………………..10 2.2 Site mapping…………………………………………………………………………………………11 2.3 Site accessibility……………………………………………………………………………………..12 3. Site justification…………………………………………………………………………………………...12 3.1 Gift city- an introduction to Gujarat International Finance-Tec City………………………………..12 3.2 Growth of India’s financial sector…………………………………………………………………...13 3.3 Need of new cities ……………………………………………………………………………..........13 3.4 Why Gujarat…………………………………………………………………………………………14 4. Aim of the project………………………………………………………………………………………...15 5. Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 6. Scope of the project……………………………………………………………………………………….15

CHAPTER 2: Research Case Study Literature case study: Taipei 101, Taiwan 17-27 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………................17 1.1 Area and height……………………………………………………………………………………..17 1.2 Location…………………………………………………………………………………………….17 1.3 Concept……………………………………………………………………………………………..18 2. Relevance of case study………………………………………………………………………………….18 3. Selection criteria…………………………………………………………………………………………18 4. Design drawings…………………………………………………………………………………………19 4.1 Site plan of Taipei………………………………………………………………………………….19 4.2 Foundation plans………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 4.3 Floor plans………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 4.4 Vertical zoning……………………………………………………………………………………..20 5. Structural design considerations………………………………………………………………………...21 5.1 Foundation…………………………………………………………………………………………21 5.2 Vertical shaping……………………………………………………………………………………22 5.3 Design for lateral Stiffness…………………………………………………………………………22 5.4 Plan shaping for wind………………………………………………………………………………23 5.5 Seismic design measure………………………………………………………………………… 24

6. Services…………………………………………………………………………………………………..25 6.1 Vertical transportation……………………………………………………………………………….25 6.2 Fire protection system……………………………………………………………………………….26 6.2.2 Firefighting……………………………………………………………………………………. 26 6.2.2 Evacuation…………………………………………………………………………………… 26 7. Inferences and conclusions…………………………………………………………………………… 27 Literature case study: Burj Khalifa, Dubai

28-42

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………..28 2. General information……………………………………………………………………………………..28 2.1 Location……………………………………………………………………………………………..29 2.2 Design concept………………………………………………………………………………………29 3. Relevance of case study…………………………………………………………………………………30 4. Selection criteria……………………………………………………………………………………… 30 5. Design drawings……………………………………………………………………………………… 31 5.1 Site plan……………………………………………………………………………………………..31 5.2 Floor plan……………………………………………………………………………………………31 5.3 Vertical zoning………………………………………………………………………………….......35 6. Structural design considerations………………………………………………………………………..36 6.1 Foundation………………………………………………………………………………………….36 6.2 Podium……………………………………………………………………………………………...36 6.3 Exterior cladding…………………………………………………………………………………...37 7. Structural system……………………………………………………………………………………….37 8. Services……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39 8.1 Elevators…………………………………………………………………………………………...39 8.2 Mechanical floor…………………………………………………………………………………...40 8.3 Fire safety………………………………………………………………………………………….40 8.4 Air supply system………………………………………………………………………………….40 8.5 Water supply system……………………………………………………………………………….41 9. Inferences and conclusions…………………………………………………………………………….42

Live case study: Supertech supernova, Noida, UP

43-51

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………43 1.1 Area statement……………………………………………………………………………………..43 1.2 Location……………………………………………………………………………………………44 2. Relevance of case study………………………………………………………………………………..45 3. Selection criteria……………………………………………………………………………………….45 4. Design concept and philosophy………………………………………………………………………..45 5. Site drawings…………………………………………………………………………………………..46 5.1 Site plan…………………………………………………………………………………………....46 5.2 Floor plans………………………………………………………………………………………....46 5.3 Vertical zoning…………………………………………………………………………………… 48 6. Design considerations……………………………………………………………………………….... 49 6.1 Foundation………………………………………………………………………………………... 49 7. Vertical transportation……………………………………………………………………………….. 49

8. Building material……………………………………………………………………………………....50 9. Site photographs……………………………………………………………………………………… 50 10 Design analysis………………………………………………………………………………………. 51 11. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………. 51

CHAPTER 3: Reading the site

53-81

1. Site overview………………………………………………………………………………………….53 1.1 Location map……………………………………………………………………………………...53 1.2 Site accessibility…………………………………………………………………………………..54 2. Natural factors………………………………………………………………………………………...55 2.1 Geology and geomorphology of Gujarat…………………………………………………………56 3. Soil map of Gujarat…………………………………………………………………………………...56 4. Natural drainage……………………………………………………………………………………... 58 5. Topography…………………………………………………………………………………………...59 5.1 Contour map and digital elevation model (DEM) of site……………………………………….. 60 5.2 Site profile………………………………………………………………………………………. 62 6. Vegetation…………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 7. Climate………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65 7.1 Mean temperature and precipitation…………………………………………………………….. 65 7.2 Wind rose diagram……………………………………………………………………………… 66 7.3 Sun path diagram……………………………………………………………………………….. .68 8. Land use and internal transportation……………………………………………………………….... 69 8.1 Existing land use……………………………………………………………………………….....69 8.2 Traffic and transport……………………………………………………………………………...71 9. Utilities and services………………………………………………………………………………….72 9.1 Parking……………………………………………………………………………………………72 9.2 Water supply……………………………………………………………………………………...73 9.3 Waste management……………………………………………………………………………….74 9.4 Power supply……………………………………………………………………………………..75 9.5 District cooling system…………………………………………………………………………...75 9.6 Utility tunnel……………………………………………………………………………………...76 10. Socio economic factor………………………………………………………………………………78 11. Social infrastructure…………………………………………………………………………………79 11.1 Urban features of gift city……………………………………………………………………...79 12. History and architecture……………………………………………………………………………. 80 13. Samruddhi Sarovar………………………………………………………………………………….80 14. Skyline of city……………………………………………………………………………………….81

CHAPTER 3: Area Program and Bye Laws………………………………….....82-88 CHAPTER 4: Design Translation………….…………………………………....89-101 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….102

LIST OF FIGURES Fig.1 Height related to context……………………………………………………………………………..4 Fig.2 Proportion of high rise……………………………………………………………………………….4 Fig.3 Technology…………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Fig.4 CTBUH data…………………………………………………………………………………………7 Fig.5 Average Height of Tallest building………………………………………………………………….8 Fig.6 Height calculation…………………………………………………………………………………...9 Fig.7 Shape efficiency……………………………………………………………………………………..9 Fig.8 Wind design………………………………………………………………………………………..10 Fig.9 Master Plan GIFT City……………………………………………………………………………..11 Fig.10 Google Earth image………………………………………………………………………….…...11 Fig.11 Google image……………………………………………………………………………………..12 Fig 12 Skyline gift city…………………………………………………………………………………..13 Fig.13 Google image……………………………………………………………………………………..17 Fig.14 Taipei concept…………………………………………………………………………………….18 Fig.15 Taipei site plan…………………………………………………………………………………...19 Fig.16 Foundation plan…………………………………………………………………………………..19 Fig.17 Floor plan Taipei………………………………………………………………………………….20 Fig.18 Foundation image…………………………………………………………………………………21 Fig.19 Vertical shaping…………………………………………………………………………………..22 Fig.20 Super columns…………………………………………………………………………………….23 Fig.21 Plan shaping……………………………………………………………………………………....23 Fig.22 Tuned mass damper……………………………………………………………………………....24 Fig.23 Installation of TMD……………………………………………………………………………....24 Fig.24 Taipei vertical transportation…………………………………………………………………..…25 Fig.25 Firefighting……………………………………………………………………………………….26 Fig.26 Burj Khalifa image…………………………………………………………………………….....28 Fig.27 Hymenocallis flower……………………………………………………………………………..29 Fig.28 Burj Khalifa layout………………………………………………………………………….…...30

Fig.29 Site Plan Burj Khalifa …………………………………………………………………………...31 Fig.30 Floor Plan Burj Khalifa ……………………………………….………………………………31-34 Fig.31 Vertical Zoning……………………………………………………………………………………35 Fig.32 Pile Foundation …………………………………………………………………………………...36 Fig.33 Exterior Cladding Burj Khalifa…………………………………………………………………...37 Fig.34 Structural System……………………………………………………….………………………...38 Fig.35 Elevators..................................................................................................................................…...39 Fig.36 Mechanical Zone………………………………………………………………………………….40 Fig.37 Water Supply……………………………………………………………………………………..41 Fig.38 Supernova Image………………………………………………………………………………….43 Fig.39 Google Map…………………………………………………………….........................................44 Fig.40 Site Image Supernova……………………………………………………………………………..44 Fig.41 Site Plan Supernova……………………………………………………………………………….46 Fig.42 Floor Plan Supernova……………………………………………………......................................46 Fig.43 Floor Plan Supernova……………………………………………………......................................47 Fig.44 Vertical Zoning …………………………………………………………......................................48 Fig.45 Foundation………………………………………………………………………………………..49 Fig.46 Vertical Transportation…………………………………………………………………………...49 Fig.47 Site Photography…………………………………………………………………………………50 Fig.48 External Roadwork……………………………………………………….....................................54 Fig.49 Geomorphology map of Gujarat………………………………………………………………….56 Fig.50 Soil map of Gujarat……………………………………………………………………………….58 Fig.51 River map of Gujarat…………………………………………………………………………..…59 Fig.52 Contour map of Site…………………………………………………………………………...….60 Fig.53 DEM of Site ……………………………………………………………………………………..60 Fig.54 Contour Grid lines……………………………………………………………………………….61 Fig.55 Site dimension & Profile…………………………………………………………………………62 Fig.56 Avg. Temp & rainfall……………………………………………………....................................65 Fig.57 Wind rose diagram……………………………………………………………………………....66 Fig.58 Monthly Wind rose diagram…………………………………………….....................................67 Fig.59 Sun path diagram………………………………………………………………………………..68

Fig.60 Existing Land use ………………………………………………………………………………69 Fig.61 Proposed Land use……………………………………………………………………………….70 Fig.62 Proposed Metro map……………………………………………………………………………..71 Fig.63 Internal Road ………………………………………………........................................................71 Fig.63 Existing Traffic………………………………………………………………………………….71 Fig.64 Parking Plan……………………………………………………………………………………..72 Fig.65 Equipment’s..........................................................................................…....................................73 Fig.66 Waste management of GIFT city………………………………………………………………..74 Fig.67 Waste treatments building……………………………………………………………………….74 Fig.68 District cooling system…..............................................................................................................75 Fig.69 Utility tunnel …………………………………………………………………………………....76 Fig.70 Utility tunnel layout map…………………………………………………………………….….77 Fig.71 Utility tunnel section……………………………………………………………………………77 Fig.72 Demography Data………………………………………………………………………………78 Fig.73 Urban Boulevard………………………………………………………………………………..79 Fig.74 Golf Course…………………………………………………………………………………….79 Fig.75 Green Plaza ………………………………………………………………………………….…79 Fig.76 Samruddhi Sarovar……………………………………………………………………………..80 Fig.77 Skyline of GIFT city……………………………………………………....................................81

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Calculating the height of tall building………………………………………………….………8 Table 2. Ahmedabad district at a glance………………………………………………………………...55 Table 3. Vegetation of Ahmedabad……………………………………………………………………..63 Table 4. Processing and Non Processing Area………………………………………………………….70 Table 5. Water supply Network…………………………………………………………………………73

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GIFT: Gujarat International Finance Tec City TMD: Tuned Mass Damper CFST: Concrete Filled Steel Tube CRPF: Concrete Raft and Pile Foundation R/C: Reinforced Concrete PRV: Pressure Reduction Valve CTBUH: Council of Tall Building and Urban Habitat SEZ: Special Economic Zone NSEZ: Non Special Economic Zone WTP: Water Treatment Plant STP: Sewage Treatment Plant ROP: Reverse Osmosis Plant GWP: Global Warming Potential CSS: Compact Substation GIS: Gas Insulated Switchgear MW: Megawatt DCP: District Cooling Plant

THESIS 2018

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SKYSCRAPER Skyscrapers are a thing of beauty. Striking monuments of ingenuity and complexity. For the past century, our world has been building these huge monuments to house our businesses, ourselves and even our cars, but compared to many other building types, skyscrapers are relatively unexplored structures. We have been building up the sky as far back as recorded history, but only within past 100 years have we been able to build so tall with such little mass to really make our endeavors worthwhile and occupiable.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) developed the international standards for measuring and defining tall buildings, as outlined below, and is recognized as the arbiter for bestowing designations such as the “World’s Tallest Building.

Tall Buildings There is no absolute definition of what constitutes a “tall building;” the definition is subjective, considered against one or more of the following categories: Height Relative to Context

Image source: http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo

Proportion

Image source: http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo

Embracing Technologies Relevant to Tall Buildings COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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Image source: http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo

If a building can be considered as subjectively relevant to one or more of the above categories, then it can be considered a tall building. Although number of floors is a poor indicator of defining a tall building due to the changing floor to floor height between differing buildings and functions (e.g., office versus residential usage), a building of 14 or more stories – or more than 50 meters (165 feet) in height – could typically be used as a threshold for a “tall building.”

Like a great work of art, a skyscraper is the pinnacle of architectural achievement. Whether through structural expression, visual appearance on a skyline or the overwhelming feeling of dominance, a skyscraper will surely make you notice its presence. What makes a skyscraper a special and unique element in a city is the functional use of its space and what community presence it can create.Different zones of program give sections of the building distinct identities much like city neighborhoods have based on local landmarks. This gives the neighborhoods and the building a sense of community identity that allows people to feel pride and be a part of a building such as this. No longer should a person feel alone way above the ground, but part of a community that lives vertically, taking advantage of the space the sky has to offer.

Many of these tall buildings have all had problem, they became isolated storage bins high in the sky, with single uses and little diversity. Designers have caught on to this issue and exploration into how to create a more interactive community type skyscraper and has finally come into the spotlight.

This thesis looks to explore an idea of a vertical community with a mixed-use program that is dense and diverse as any horizontal city we are so accustom to experiencing.

1.2 MIXED USE BUILDING Mixed-use development is a type of urban development that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment uses, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development can take the form of a single building, a city block, or entire neighborhoods. Traditionally, human settlements have developed in mixed-use patterns. However, with industrialization as well as the invention of the skyscraper, governmental zoning regulations were introduced to separate different functions, such as manufacturing, from residential areas. But since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as the benefits are recognized.

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1.2.1 NEED OF MIXED USE HIGH-RISE

With the increase in population either by migration of people in search of better facilities, jobs, education etc. or the natural growth in the population, the need of land resource is increasing day by day. Thus the huge gap in between the need and demand of the land resource is compelling us to go for vertical development.

The vertical development not only reduces the ground coverage it also helps in providing greater number of accommodation than horizontal development which on the other hand helps in creating recreational spaces, large open and green area, saving forest and leading to sustainable development.

1.2.2 BENEFITS: i.

Economic: Mixed-development that promotes a walkable built environment can help revitalize a downtown, increase private investment, lead to higher property values, promote tourism, and support the development of a good business climate.

ii.

Lower Infrastructure Costs: More compact development i.e. various types of facilities and services available at one stop reduces the infrastructure cost

iii.

Environmental: Reducing sprawl and building communities where residents live and walk to work reduces car usage, positively impacting the environment. With the incorporation of mixed-use development and smart growth practices, sprawling development patterns could be reduced and quality of life may be enhanced. Undeveloped land, open space, and historic and natural resources could be preserved.

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1.3 GLOBAL SCENARIO OF SKYSCRAPERS (source: CTBUH Journal 2018 Issue)

In 2017, 144 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed. This is the fourth record breaking year in a row and it brings the total number of 200- meter-plus buildings in the world to 1319, marking an increase of 12.3% from 2016, and 402% increase from 2000 when only 263 existed. Asia continued to be the most dominant region in terms of skyscraper construction, and China within it, as in several years previously.

100 tallest building by location & function (source: CTBUH 2018 journal)

According to Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), in 2017 the percentage of high rise buildings was highest in Asian region with 54% preceded by Middle East region with 26%. The increase in population and lack of land resource in Asian countries has created the demand for vertical development which can be seen in the recent year development of high rise structures in these countries.

And if we talk about the statistics of high rise in terms of their use, the maximum percentage is of mixed use development i.e. 46% in the year 2017, which shows that the demand of mixed use development has increased in the recent year due to various reasons including lack of land resource, COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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awareness to protect green areas such as forest, reducing the footprint of built area in urban regions etc.

The average height of the tallest buildings (Source: CTBUH 2018 journal)

1.4 CALCULATING THE HEIGHT OF TALL BUILDING (Based on use of building)

Calculating the height of mixed-use tall building or where the function of the building is unknown and the number of stories is known.

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Height calculator of mixed use building (Source: CTBUH height calculator)

1.5 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF HIGH RISE 1.5.1 SHAPE EFFICIENCY

(A)

COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

(C)

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(B)

(D) Shape efficiency for skyscraper (Source: Thornton Tomasetti)

1.5.2 WIND DESIGN

Effect of wind on different shapes of building and vortex shredding

1.6 CHALLENGES WHILE DESIGNING SKYSCRAPER     

Maintaining the cultural spirit of that particular region.

Inter-mixing of the different usage of the mixed used tower.

Innovative and futuristic design.

Structural stability of the high rise structure.

Proper provisions of services like Water supply, Electricity, transportation, Refuge area etc.

Fire fighting Vertical

2. SITE DETAILS The project is located in GIFT City on the bank of the Sabarmati River and is around 12 km from Ahmedabad International Airport. GIFT is easily accessible from all directions through 4-6 lane State and National Highways. A double corridor Metro system would connect GIFT City to the Airport and various parts of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar to facilitate movement by Mass Transport System.

2.1 DIAMOND TOWER, GIFT CITY The signature of the city. The tallest tower is located in splendid isolation on Fortune Island surrounded by beautiful landscape.

Diamond Tower underscores the centrality of Gujarat in the global world of diamonds.

Land area: 7.07 acres COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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Max height: 405 m Use: Mixed Use (Offices with support facilities)

GIFT: Master Plan (Source: www.giftgujarat.in )

2.2 SITE MAPPING

1 Km Radius 1.5 Km Radius COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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Source: Google Earth

2.3 SITE ACCESIBILITY

Gandhinagar to GIFT City

Ahmedabad to GIFT City

3. SITE JUSTIFICATION 3.1 GIFT CITY- An Introduction to Gujarat International Finance Tec City Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) is a globally benchmarked International Financial Service Centre (IFSC) developed by Government of Gujarat through a joint venture Company; GIFTCL. Recognizing the potential of the State as a center for the financial services industry, the Government of Gujarat formulated GIFT City Project to realize the vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi. The project is located on the bank of the Sabarmati River and is around 12 km from Ahmedabad International Airport. GIFT is easily accessible from all directions through 4-6 lane State and National Highways. A double corridor Metro system would connect GIFT City to the Airport and various parts of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar to facilitate movement by Mass Transport System.

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3.2 GROWTH OF INDIA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR As India experiences continued economic growth the financial sector could generate about 10-11 million jobs and GDP contribution of USD 300 to 400 billion by year 2022. With sustained growth and rapid development of technology and infrastructure, an increasing share of financial services would get centralized.

3.3 NEED OF NEW CITIES

The vision of Gujarat would be incomplete without capitalizing on the in-house financial business acumen.

To tie-up with technology, to create a hub complete with infrastructure, to meet the needs of modern Gujarat, modern India and to create a space in the global financial world.

To create a world class financial city by offering an unrivalled business environment to global and local financial services enterprises.

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3.4 WHY GUJARAT? STRENGTH Traditional business community • High growth economy-- >10 % over last five years • Pool of trained manpower

CAs

Commerce graduates

• Active Capital Markets-- >Gujarat contributes 30% of

stock market capitalization

• Proactive Government

COMPETITIVE FACTORS • People - Gujarat has an adequate employable pool and offers high potential for inward migration • Business Environment - Gujarat has demonstrated successfully its forte of providing conducive business environment

• General Competitiveness - Overall, the state stands tall.

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4. AIM OF THE PROJECT To reflect the culture and history of the state/city and also help in shaping the future skyline of the city by being an inspiration for buildings to come.

5. OBJECTIVES To amplify the contribution of architecture to the mixed use development.

To design spaces which enhances the physical and visual interaction and reduce isolation.

To design spaces which bring closer to nature and harmony.

To bring transparency, openness and fluidity of space.

Priority to sustainable materials and functional requirements in design, while integrating services to it.

6. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT i. ii.

Designing an earthquake resistant high rise mixed use blended with Building Automation Technology in Finance and Technology oriented GIFT City of Gujarat.

To design a building which will provide residential, commercial and recreational facilities to the technology and business driven people of GIFT City Gujarat.

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CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH CASE STUDY COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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LITERATURE CASE STUDY: TAIPEI 101, TAIWAN 1. INTRODUCTION Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Centre, is a landmark super tall skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building was officially classified as the worlds’ tallest in 2004, and remained such until the opening of Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In July 2011, the building was awarded the LEED Platinum certification, the highest award according the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, and became the tallest and largest green building in the world. Taipei 101 was designed by C.Y. Lee & partners and constructed primarily by KTRT Joint Venture.

The construction started in 1999 and finished in 2004. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since it’s opening.

Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and Asian tradition. Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of stores, restaurants and clubs. Taipei 101 is owned by Taipei Financial Centre Corp. (TFCC) and managed by the International division of Urban Retail Properties Corporation based in Chicago.

1.1 AREA AND HEIGHT Site Area: 30,277 m2Total Floor Area: 3, 73,831 m2Height: 508 m Floors: Main Tower - 101 Podium 6 Basement 5Type: Office Building

1.2 LOCATION Taipei 101 No. 7, Section 5, Xinyi Road, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan 110

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1.3 CONCEPT Taipei 101 was designed by C.Y. Lee and partners and was constructed by Samsung C&T and KTRT joint venture. The building is designed to resemble a growing bamboo, a symbol of everlasting strength in Chinese culture. Inspired by Chinese architecture, with a shape resembling a shape of Pagoda. It is designed to open upward, representing a blossoming flower that signifies financial richness as well as everlasting vitality in the Chinese culture.

2. RELEVANCE OF CASE STUDY i. ii. iii.

It was world’s tallest building with a height of 508 m and remained such until the opening of Burj Khalifa in 2010.

A symbol of evolution of technology and Asian tradition.

Location in the earthquake prone region of Taiwan and it magnificently withstand the seismic load as well as wind load through its innovative design.

3. SELECTION CRITERIA i. ii. iii. iv. v.

It helps in understanding various technical aspects of skyscraper.

Studying about Taipei 101 gives an idea about designing high rise structure in earthquake prone regions of Asian countries.

Only skyscraper in world which uses Mass Tuned damper to resist the lateral sway of the building during earthquake and high speed wind.

It will help in understanding about structural systems that can be used in high rise buildings of about 100 floor level.

It gives an idea about various building services (spaces) requirements and the interlinking of different types of uses and user activity.

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4. DESIGN DRAWINGS 4.1 SITE PLAN OF TAIPEI NORTH SQUARE

PARKING ENTRY PARKING EXIT

SHOPPING COMPLEX

RETAIL CENTRE

TOWER

N

PARKING ENTRY

SOUTH SQUARE

PARKING EXIT

4.2 FOUNDATION PLANS



 

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Reinforced mat of 3-4.7 m thick casted to transfer load from discrete columns and shear wall load point to a distributed pattern of 380 piers.

Piers- staggered form 1.5 m dia- spaced 4m on center in staggered row

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4.3 FLOOR PLANS

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN LOWER FLOORS

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN UPPER FLOORS

4.4 VERTICAL ZONING  101st floor summit 101 (Private VIP club)  92nd – 100th floor Communication  91st floor outdoor observatory deck  88th – 89th floor indoor observatory deck  85th – 86th floor observatory restaurant  59th – 84th floor high zone office  59th – 60th floor sky lobbies  35th – 58th floor mid zone office  36th floor Taipei 101 conference center  35th – 36th floor sky lobbies  35th floor Amenities  9th – 34th floor low zone office  b1st – 5th floor Taipei 101 mall  b5th - b2nd floor parking levels

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5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5.1 FOUNDATION Soft rock occurs beneath 40 to 60 m of clay and stiff colluvial soil. Five major components were used to create two different foundation systems: Each podium column bears on a single 2 m (6.5 ft.) diameter drilled pier. Sockets 5 to 28 m (16 to 92 ft.) into bedrock resist net uplift from a podium pressure slab resisting buoyancy. The single-pier design permitted top down basement construction: a floor was cast to brace perimeter walls, then a storey of excavation proceeded below it. Superstructure framing was erected at the same time. As a result, the retail podium opened about a year before the tower topped out. A second slurry wall, enclosing just the tower footprint, was supported by steel cross-lot bracing as excavation proceeded to full depth. The walls were braced to accommodate construction sequencing. A continuous reinforced concrete mat 3 to 4.7 m (10 to 15ft) thick transfers load from discrete column and shear wall load points to a distributed pattern of 380 drilled piers, 1.5 m (5 ft.) in diameter, spaced 4 m (13.12 ft.) on center in staggered rows to resist gravity loads between10.7 and 14.2 mn (1500 and 2000 kips). Using steel framing minimized building weight, helping to reduce foundation costs compared to a straight shaft, if the structural system engages the perimeter columns.

Cross section of columns

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Construction Images

Section with foundation

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5.2 VERTICAL SHAPING Each module has a narrower base and a wider top as if a flower opening to the sky. Each module has eight floors, and eight modules form the majority of the tower’s height. Ninth module supports the spire. Below the repetitive flared modules, a 25 story base shaped as a truncated pyramid provides improved overturning resistance and lateral stiffness. The transition from lower pyramid to upper modules is highlighted by medallions based on ancient Chinese coins.

Truncated pyramidal shape of the modules with inner truss

5.3 DESIGN FOR LATERAL STIFFNESS

Hollow columns filled with high-strength concrete, concrete carries compression economically and also exhibit a higher elastic modulus. Taipei 101 core and super columns are steel boxes up to level 90, built up from steel plates 50 to 80 mm (2 to3 1/8 in) thick with full penetration welded splices. The box core and super columns were then filled with concrete where extra stiffness is needed, from the bottom of the basement to level 62. In addition, the braced core is encased in concrete walls from the foundation to the eighth level.

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Super columns graphiacal depiction

5.4 PLAN SHAPING FOR WIND Sharp corners creates large crosswind excitation. Rounded and chamfered (45o) corners reduced lateral response, but a ‘saw tooth’ or ‘double notch’ corner with 2.5 m (8.2 ft.) notches achieved a dramatic reduction. Stair step corner in plan to reduce effects of wind. Rough corners can reduce vortex shredding effect.

Cha mfered Corner

Core Area

Super-Columns

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5.5 SEISMIC DESIGN MEASURE Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) A tuned mass damper, also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles, and buildings.

The complete name of the TAIPEI 101 wind damper is the tuned mass damper (TMD). The TAIPEI 101 Observatory has the world’s largest and heaviest wind damper with a diameter reaching 5.5 m (18 feet) and a weight of 660 tons. The TMD has been specifically designed as a passive damper system and is positioned at the center of the tower between the 87th and 92nd floors. Its main purpose is to reduce the swaying of the tower during strong winds. Visitors can take a look at the entire wind damper system and see how it operates at the Observatory.

Installation of Tuned Mass Damper in Taipei 101

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6. SERVICES 6.1 VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION    

Observation Elevators 2 single-deck, 1,600 kg (24 persons) per deck 2004 Guinness Record fastest elevators in the world with aerodynamic, with aerodynamic pressure controlled cabs, ascend at 1,010 m/min.

Passenger Elevators 10 double-deck, 2,040 kg (31 persons) per deck shuttle elevators serving the transfer floors 24 double-deck, 1,350 kg (20 persons) per deck, for access within 6 subzones (4 in each sub-zone) 3 single-deck (various capacities) Service Elevators 3 single-deck (2×2,040 kg, 1×4,800 kg) Car Park Elevators 6 single-deck, 1,600 kg to tower lobby

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6.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 6.2.1 Fire Fighting Automatic sprinkler system throughout building. Basement and mechanical floor are equipped with water tanks. The mechanical floor water tank is driven by gravity so that power failure does not interrupt water supply. Each floor is equipped with fire hydrants and fire extinguishers, and parking lot uses foam fire extinguishers.

6.2.2 Evacuation Pressurized corridors on two sides of each floor and pressurized staircases provide emergency evacuation routes. Two fireproof refuge rooms on each mechanical floor on every 8 levels, which are connected by an outdoor refuge balcony, except for the refuge rooms on 25F.Office floors and key escape routes are protected by smoke exhaust system. Fireman’s lifts serve from basement to the top floor.

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7. INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS i. ii.

iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

Taipei 101 is a record breaking extraordinary structure which has been the tallest building in the world from 2004-2010 over-coming the height of Petronas Towers by 58m.

It has been the symbol of excellence and technology for Taiwan.

It is the structure which is flexible enough to withstand earthquake and strong enough to resist typhoon winds.

The engineers and the designers of Taipei 101 have gone beyond the expectations and imagination of human mind to construct this mega marvel.

The design and installation of Tuned Mass Damper along with super-columns makes it Earthquake resistant.

The shape of modules and step form in planning gives it an edge over high speed wind, which is one of the most important design criteria of Skyscrapers.

Taipei 101 is a structure that can withstand gale winds of 60 m/s (197 ft. /s, 216 km/h or 134 mph) and the strongest earthquakes likely to occur in a 2,500 year cycle.

The soft soil subgrade required mat foundations on bored piles and slurry walls.

The project illustrates both large and small design decisions in architecture and engineering necessary to complete building challenges.

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LITERATURE CASE STUDY: BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI 1. INTRODUCTION Burj Khalifa or "Khalifa Tower" is a very tall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and is the world's tallest building ever built, at 828m (2,717ft). Before the building opened, it was called Burj Dubai.

The building is 162 storey high. Construction of the tower was started in 2004. The building was officially opened on 4 January 2010. It is the tallest structure made by humans in the world. The building is more than 300 metres (980 ft.) taller than Taipei 101. Taipei 101 was the tallest building until 2010 before Burj Khalifa was built.

Adrian Smith designed the tower. He worked with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) until 2006. It was built by Samsung Engineering & Construction, Besix, and Arabtec. Its form is derived from symbols from Islamic architecture. It consists of a buttressed core structural system. It has 57 elevators with 12-14 person capacity per cabin and 8 escalators.

1.1               

GENERAL INFORMATION Official Name: Burj Khalifa Bin Zayed Status : Completed Type : Mixed use Location : Dubai, UAE Construction started : 2004 Completion : 2010 Cost : 1.5 billion $ Height: 829 m.

Total Stories: 206 Elevators: 57, speed: 10m/sec.

Total area: 4,000,000 sq.m Designed By: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Structural engineer: William F. Baker Main contractor: Samsung C&T Developer: Emaar Properties

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1.2 LOCATION 1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Blvd-Dubai-United Arab Emirates. It is a part of mixed use development known ad downtown Dubai

1.3 DESIGN CONCEPT Burj Khalifa was designed to be the centerpiece of a large-scale, mixed-use development that would include 30,000 homes, nine hotels (including the address downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of parkland, at least 19 residential towers, the Dubai mall, and the 12-hectare (30-acre) man-made Burj Khalifa lake. According to the structural engineer, bill baker of SOM, the building's design incorporates cultural and historical elements particular to the region such as the spiral minaret. The spiral minaret spirals and grows slender as it rises.

 

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The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of a desert flower named Hymenocallis.

The tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central core.

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Layout

  

Gradient spiral tower

The three wings Y shape The central core

2. RELEVANCE OF CASE STUDY i. ii. iii.

It is the world’s tallest building as well as a mixed use skyscraper.

Structural marvel and exceptional example of building engineering.

Innovative use of modern construction technology as well as maintenance.

3. SELECTION CRITERA i. ii. iii.

HEIGHT : 829 metre height housing 206 floors SERVICES: To study the building services of a skyscraper which is of almost a kilometer height.

STRUCTURE: Bundled tube system for better structural stability.

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4. DESIGN DRAWINGS 4.1 SITE PLAN The Burj Khalifa project is a mixed use development tower with a total floor area of 460,000square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities.

1. Burj Khalifa arrival court 2. Armani hotel entry 3. Residential entry 4. Viewing deck 5. Lake Front promenade 6. Tower garden 7. Water feature 8. Children’s play area 9. Recreation area 10. Service yard 11. Office entry

4.2

FLOOR PLANS

5

7 2 3

4

1 9 8

6

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PODIUM PLAN

10

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PODIUM LVL. 1

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TYPICAL HOTEL FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL FLOOR PLAN COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR PLAN

LEVEL 145TH FLOOR PLAN COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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5. VERTICAL ZONING The right wing:  Spire: Over 200m long and houses communications equipment.  Level 156 to159: Broadcast and telecoms companies.  Level 125 to 135: The corporate suites.  Level 112 to 121: The corporate suites.  Leve77 to108: Private residences.  Level 76: Sky lobby (fitness facilities, Jacuzzi, swimming pools and recreational room).  Level 38 to 39: Armani hotel Dubai.  Level 19 to37: The residence.  Level 9 to 16: Armani residence.  Concourse, ground to level 8: Armani hotel Dubai.

The left wing:  Level 139 to 154: The corporate suites.  Level 124: At the top observation deck  Level 123: Sky lobby (business lounge and library).  Level 122: Atmosphere restaurant.  Level 44 to 72: The residence.  Level 43: Sky lobby (fitness facilities, Jacuzzi, swimming pools and recreational room).  A: PODIUM: Provides a base (150m wide, six levels) anchoring the tower to the ground. Provides separate entries for the corporate suites, residence and Armani Hotel.  B: Foundation COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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6. STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS6 6.1 FOUNDATON The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced concrete mat, which is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. The design was based on extensive geotechnical and seismic studies. The mat is 3.7 meters thick, and was constructed in four separate pours totaling 12,500 cubic meters of concrete. The 1.5 meter diameter x 43 meter long piles represent the largest and longest piles conventionally available in the region. A high density, low permeability concrete was used in the foundations, as well as a catholic protection system under the mat, to minimize any detrimental effects form corrosive chemicals in local ground water.

Pile foundation of Burj Khalifa foundation

6.2 PODIUM The podium provides a base anchoring the tower to the ground, allowing on grade access from three different sides to three different levels of the building.

Fully glazed entry pavilions constructed with a suspended cable-net structure provide separate entries for the corporate suites at b1 and concourse levels.

The Burj Khalifa residences at ground level and the Armani hotel at level 1.

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6.3

EXTERIOR CLADDING

The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins. Close to 26,000 glass panels, each individually hand-cut, were used in the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa. The cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai’s extreme summer heat, and to further ensure its integrity, a world war ii airplane engine was used for dynamic wind and water testing. The curtain wall of Burj Khalifa is equivalent to 17 football (soccer) fields or 25 American football fields.

Exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa

6.4

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The structural system can be described as a “buttressed core”, and consists of high performance concrete wall construction. This central core provides the torsional resistance of the structure, similar to a closed pipe or axle. At mechanical floors, outrigger walls are provided to link the perimeter columns to the interior wall system, allowing the perimeter columns to participate in the lateral load resistance of the structure; hence, all of the vertical concrete is utilized to support both gravity and lateral loads. The result is a tower that is extremely stiff laterally and torsionally. Perimeter columns and flat plate floor construction complete the system.

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Details of structural system COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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7. SERVICES 7.1 ELEVATORS Burj Khalifa will be home to 57 elevators and 8 escalators the building service/fireman's elevator will have a capacity of 5,500 kg and will be the world's tallest service elevator. Burj Khalifa is the first mega-high rise in which certain elevators will be programmed to permit controlled evacuation for certain fire or security events. Burj Khaifa's observatory elevators are double deck cabs with a capacity for 12-14 people per cab. Traveling at 10 metres per second, they will have the world's longest travel distance from lowest to highest stop.

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7.2 MECHANICAL FLOOR Seven double-storey height mechanical floors house the equipment that bring Burj Khalifa to life.

Distributed around every 30 storey, the mechanical floors house the electrical sub-stations, water tanks and pumps, air-handling units etc., that are essential for the operation of the tower and the comfort of its occupants.

7.3 FIRE SAFETY Fire safety and speed of evacuation were prime factors in the design of Burj Khalifa. Concrete surrounds all stairwells and the building service and fireman's elevator has a capacity of 5,500 kg and is the world's tallest service elevator. Since people can't reasonably be expected to walk down 160 floors, there are pressurized, air-conditioned refuge areas located approximately every 25 floors.

7.4 AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM

6 mechanical zones Major plant rooms at 7 levels

Fresh air intake through Slots of louvers Supply fans and air handling units Vertical supply air distribution through ducted vertical risers

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7.5 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Production capacity: 946000 liters

High level tank Gravity express down - high pressure Local zone Gravity Down - Low pressure through PRV’S

Intermediate tank Express fill line up Hotel tank Main water storage tanks (Fire and residential) Transfer pumps Hotel main storage tank

Schematic drawing of water supply system of Burj Khalifa

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8. INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS

i. ii. iii. iv.

v. vi. vii. viii. ix.

Burj Khalifa is the tallest building with a height of 829 m housing 206 floors.

The Y-shaped three wing structure provides better stability to the building as the triangular shape is the most efficient shape for resisting lateral wind loads.

The bundled tube form gives a wider base to the structure, which goes on decreasing with height to form setback and reduce lateral sway of building.

The foundation system uses CRPF i.e. Composite Raft and Pile Foundation system with 3.7 m thick mat which has also been used in Taipei 101 for better load transfer and firm hold of the building into the soil.

Total of 57 lifts and 8 escalators in the building for vertical transportation. The fireman’s lift is of 5,500 kgs capacity and is the world’s tallest service elevator.

Sky lobby for better and quick vertical movement with lift being programmed to stop at predefined stoppage.

Use of double deck elevators to reduce waiting time and crowd management.

Seven double-storey height mechanical floors distributed around every 30 floors.

Water supply system uses gravity flow which is controlled by PRVs i.e. Pressure Relief Valve to maintain the pressure in the pipes and taps.

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LIVE CASE STUDY: SUPERTECH SUPERNOVA, NOIDA, U.P 1. INTRODUCTION Supernova – a new mixed-use development of unimaginable scale and splendor, created by world renowned London based architect, Benoy. This supreme arena redefines luxury and places modern convenience and green living at the nerve center of NCR. This pioneering LEED platinum certified mixeduse development features five breathtaking towers rising from the banks of the meandering Yamuna River, appearing in perfect harmony thanks to the flowing curves and shining facades of the design. All five interface with a spectacular podium level space features verdant gardens and attractive event platforms.

A first-of-its-kind water front development of this region with Vaastu inspired super structures and panoramic views of the bird sanctuary, it is situated at just 0 km from Delhi. From this wondrous outdoor sanctuary you can connect seamlessly to inspiring shopping malls and the new Metro station.

1.1 AREA STATEMENT Land Area

No. of Towers

No. of Units

Status

70002 sq.m

05 Towers

2765

60% Completed

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1.2 LOCATION

Strategically located at the beginning of Noida-Greater Noida Expressway, Supernova is well connected to south Delhi via DND flyway and to Jasola through the Okhla Bridge. Access is easy to East and Central Delhi via NH-24 and to Noida and greater Noida through the greater Noida expressway.

Supernova is strategically located just in front of Okhla Bird Sanctuary metro station and connected via a flyway that directly enters into the supernova campus.

Actual image of Foot-Over Bridge between Okhla Bird Sanctuary metro station and supernova campus

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2. RELEVANCE OF CASE STUDY i. ii. iii. iv.

It is only mixed use skyscraper in North India with floor count of 80 and a height of 300 m Third building in Asia that will have a spiral shape.

Worlds 6th highest TWISTING TOWER as per Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), Chicago USA. To achieve a leadership in energy and environmental design platinum rating by IGBC, Hyderabad, a certification from green building council of India.

3. SELECTION CRITERIA i. ii. iii.

It will help in understanding the Indian context of mixed use skyscraper.

Understanding the use of prefabricated structures in high rise construction.

It will help in understanding the Vertical transportation system of high rise structure.

4. DESIGN CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY The captivating Spira tower sits elegantly on the new Noida skyline. One of the world’s greatest superstructures, its sculpted form is designed to represent nature and growth, spiraling 300 meters towards the sky. It is symbolic of the renaissance of Noida, Its prosperity and energy.

At the peak is the development “halo” housing a thrilling observation deck, a cantilevered helipad, luxury sky restaurant and bar. All levels enjoy glorious 360 degree views over the Yamuna waterways that were the original inspiration for Spira’s flowing shape.

Philosophy: Supernova takes advantage of the surrounding by including ample amount of landscaped exteriors to create a naturally beautiful setting which is only enhanced by the prominent tower and mixed use offer.

All the five towers of the supernova campus have their own use and own style of architecture.

Lush green landscaped site plan where the podium serves as shopping complex and the basement as the parking area.

Dream home, Futuristic offices that makes work a pleasure, an indispensable retail heaven and a recreational wonderland.

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5. SITE DRAWINGS 5.1 Site Plan

N

Conceptual Site plan of Supertech supernova campus

5.2 Floor plans ï‚·

3/4 BHK- 5th to 17th floor

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 Studio Apartment – 19th to 43rd floor

Studio Apartments

 2/3 BHK apartment – 46th to 56th floor

2/3 BHK unit plan

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 Spira suites and large Spira suites – 57th to 72nd floor

Large suites

Spira suites

6. VERTICAL ZONING           

1-3rd floor- Lobby 4th floor- Service floor 5-17th – 3/4 BHK 18th – Service floor 19th -43rd – Studio Apartment 44th – Service floor 45th – Club 46th – 56th – 2/3 BHK 57th – 71st – Suites 72nd - 80th – Observatory Deck 80th – Helipad

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7. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 7.1 FOUNDATION The superstructure is supported by a large 4m reinforced concrete mat, which in turn supported by 1.2m dia-52m deep bored reinforced concrete piles 229 in numbers constructed in 21,000 cubic metres of concrete including mat and piles. Piles are largest longest conventionally available in region.

7.2 VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION Supernova will be home to 112 elevators and 18 escalators. Supernova will be the first mega-high rise in which certain elevators will be programmed to permit controlled travel to certain level. Observatory elevators are traveling at 8 meters per second, they will have the region’s longest travel distance from lowest to highest stop.

Lift config. From 57th to 72th floor

Lift config. From 19th to 43rd floor COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

Lift config. From 5th to 17th floor RITESH RANJAN

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7.3 BUILDING MATERIAL       

Concrete shear wall + Frame structure Grade of concrete in column: M80 to M60 Grade of concrete in beams: M50 Pile foundation: M60 0-30th floor : M80 31st to 50th floor: M70 51st to 8th floor : M50

8. SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

Lower part of Spira tower

Spira Tower view from metro station

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Const. of Flyway

Ground floor of Astralis tower

View of East tower

Use of concrete block

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9. DESIGN ANALYSIS 

      

There are three types of columns used in the structure: A- 4500 x 500 mm B- 2500 x 1100 mm C- 2500 x 900 mm The combination of Pile Raft foundation provides greater stability for high rise construction The structure comprises a concrete core and Post tensioned concrete slab and spandrel beams.

The central core system helps the structure to resist the lateral loads.

The podium act as an immediate ground floor for the users of Spira tower.

Different entry and exit point to segregate different kinds of users.

Services floor which is two storey high is located at 4 th , 18th and 44th floor of the tower.

Provisions for Grey water system and storm water, rainwater harvesting system reduces the water wastage and helped the Spira tower to bag the IGBC green building rating.

10.CONCLUSIONS  The Concrete Raft Pile foundation provides a better stability to high rise structures over other foundation systems  In case of mixed use building separate and multiple entry exits should be provided for better crowd segregation.  Strategic location of service floor is important as it act as the backbone for the high rise constructions.  Providing provisions for low waste generation should be considered though planning and designing.

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CHAPTER 3: READING THE SITE

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1. SITE OVERVIEW The site is located in GIFT City on the bank of the Sabarmati River and is around 12 km from Ahmedabad International Airport. GIFT is easily accessible from all directions through 4-6 lane State and National Highways. A double corridor Metro system would connect GIFT City to the Airport and various parts of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar to facilitate movement by Mass Transport System.

1.1 LOCATION MAP Coordinates: 23.159626°N 72.684512°E Country: India State: Gujarat District: Ahmedabad Area: 3.99 km2

GIFT CITY

PROJECT SITE

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1.2 SITE ACCESSIBILITY

Gandhinagar to GIFT City

Ahmedabad to GIFT City

The site is accessible from Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat through road and the distance is about 11.2 kms and it takes only 19 minutes to reach GIFT City from Gandhinagar.

Another major city in Gujarat is Ahmedabad and it is at a distance of 26 kms form GIFT City and it hardly takes 40 min to reach there from the core city but it is only 12 kms from Ahmedabad International Airport.

Upcoming external Transportation:    

Grid of six external gateways from NH-8 and State Highway (Connecting to various areas of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar) Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) to GIFT Metro Rail Transport System (MRTS) to GIFT Multi Modal Transport Hub

Fig. External Transportation network to Gift City

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AHMEDABAD DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

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2. NATURAL FACTORS 2.1 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF GUJARAT 2.1.1 Geomorphology Geomorphologically, the State is divided into three distinct divisions, viz.: a) Gujarat-Mainland. b) Saurashtra-Kathiawar Peninsula, and c) Kutch Peninsula.

RANN OF KUTCH

SAURASHTRA BASIN

NORTH

Fig. Geomorphologhical Map of Gujarat

a) Gujarat-Mainland The well-known agriculturally rich alluvial basin of Gujarat rises from the estuarine tracts between Narmada and Tapi rivers, and extends 250 miles (402 km) northwards merging into the desert plains of Rajasthan and the Rann of Kutch. It is roughly 75 miles (121 km) wide. The eastern border of the basin is bounded by Aravali, Vindhya, Satpura, and Sahyadri hill ranges.

North and NE part of the State is occupied by quartzite, phyllites and schists. Quartzite being hard and resistant to weathering action, form steep narrow ridges with serrated tops arranged along the strike, while valleys and plains are occupied by phyllites and schists, these being soft.

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The main drainage is southwesterly or westerly comprising rivers like Tapi, Narmada, Mahi, Sabarmati etc., draining into Gulf of Cambay. The Tapi and Narmada have established their courses along faulted planes or rift valleys.

The rainfall is heavy in the south, decreasing northwards from 100 inches (254 cm) to 20 inches (51 cm.). b) Saurashtra-Kathiawar Peninsula The Saurashtra is bounded by Gujarat plains in the East and NE, by Gulf of Kutch and Little Rann on the north, and on the SE by the Gulf of Cambay. The Arabian Sea borders the entire southern seaboard. The Central part of the region forms an elevated table land, from where most of the rivers rise and flow radially. The terrain generally slopes gently towards the peninsular margin merge into the coastal plains and the great alluvial tract stretches to NE and east. The sedimentary rocks along the coast form almost a low flat country.

The rainfall varies from 20 to 50 inches (51 to 127cm), the highest being in the central portion.

c) Kutch Peninsula The mainland of Kutch is isolated by the Great Rann of the north and east, Little Rann on the SE, Gulf of Kutch on the south and rest by the Arabian Sea. The central portion of Kutch forms a table-land sloping on all sides, the shape of the region is like a tortoise and hence the name. In general, there are three hill ranges, trending almost east-west. North-flowing rivers disappear in the Rann; others join the sea. The Banni (made up land) is formed by sediments deposited by northern border of the main land and is composed of fairly good soil. The rainfall is very erratic varying from few to 35 inches; exceptionally it rains as high as 45 inches (115 cm.), as it did during 1967.

The Rann is a dry bed of the remnant of an arm of the sea, which formally connected the Narmada rift with Sind and separated Kutch from the main-land. It is now a saline desert for the greater part of the year and marshy during the monsoon when a vast sheet of water inundates it. The Rann is divided into two, viz., Great Rann and little Rann; they do not differ from each other except in size.

2.1.2

Geology

The Gujarat state exposes rocks belonging to the Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic era. The hard rocks cover about 49% of the total area of Gujarat, the rest being occupied by sediments of Quaternary period. The hard rock comprises Pre Cambrian metamorphosed and associated intrusive, sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras and the traps/flows constituting Deccan volcanic of Cretaceous Eocene age.

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2.2 SOIL MAP OF GUJARAT

Fig. Soil Map of Gujarat

The soil found in the GIFT City region is sandy loam. North Gujarat Region consists of Banaskantha, Patan, Mahesana, Sabarkantha, Gandhinagar, Surendranagar and Ahmedabad districts of Gujarat State. A major texture of the soil in the region is 'Loamy'. However, in South-West part (in Ahmedabad and Surendranagar district) a soil texture in few area is found to be 'Clayey'. It is also 'Sandy' soil in some area of the Northern part (Banaskantha district) of the region.

Loam – Loam is the ideal soil type: typically it’s a combination of sand, silt and clay. It is dark in color and soft, dry and crumbly to the touch. Loam is great for supporting foundations because of its evenly balanced properties, especially how it maintains water at a balanced rate. Loam is a good soil for supporting a foundation, as long as no miscellaneous soils find their way onto the surface.

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2.3 NATURAL DRAINAGE

Fig. River Map of Gujarat

The main rivers flowing in the Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar regions are Sabarmati, Sedhi, and Mahi. The natural flow of these rivers along with some rivers of the Saurashtra regions is in the Gulf of Cambay.

While the rivers of Kutch and upper part of Saurashtra region flows in Gulf of Kutch. River Sabarmati is the principal river of the district. It originates from Dhebar lake in Aravalli Range of Udaipur District, Rajasthan and finally debauches into Gulf of Cambay near Vataman village of Dholka taluka. Sabarmati forms the eastern boundary of the district flowing from NE to SW direction in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar districts.

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2.4 TOPOGRAPHY 2.4.1 Contour map and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of site

Fig. Contour mapping of site using TCX Converter and Surfer software

Fig. Digital Elevation Model of site using TCX Converter and Surfer software

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Fig. Contour map of site with grid points

The analysis of Contour map and digital elevation model of the site shows that the natural slope of the site is towards the Sabarmati River as the selected site is adjacent to the river. It also shows that the land is almost flat with slight variations in the contour level.

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2.4.2 Site Profile (Source: Google Earth)

A D D’

C B

A

B

C

D

D’

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D

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2.5 VEGETATION Ahmedabad is having total @6.18 lac trees with 20 major tree species. Three major species, namely Azadirachta indica A. Juss (limdo), Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. var pendula (Asopalav) and Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) planch (Kanji) are having highest density.

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Botanical name

Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Polyalthia longifolia

Common name

Neem

False Ashoka

Holoptelea integrifolia

Indian Elm

Delonix Regia

Gulmohar

Ficus religiosa

Peepal

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Image

Description

10-15 m, Evergreen, in drought sheds leaves

Evergreen Shrubs and grows up to 3 m in height Large deciduous tree, growing up to 18 m tall, medicinal properties Useful shade tree in tropical conditions, Mostly 5m but max up to 12m Dry seasondeciduous or semievergreen tree up to 30 metres and trunk dia up to 3m

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2.6 CLIMATE Ahmedabad has a tropical monsoon climate, which is hot and dry, except in the rainy season. Summer days are very hot with mean maximum temperature of 41.3째C while, nights are pleasant with mean minimum temperature of 26.3째C. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures in winter are 30째C and 15.4째C respectively. The average annual rainfall of the area is 782mm, although there is a considerable variation from year to year. It occurs generally during the months of June to September. The average relative humidity is 60% with a maximum of 80% to 90% during the rainy season.

2.6.1 Mean temperature and precipitation

Fig. Average temperature and precipitation ( source: Meteoblue Weather)

The "mean daily maximum" (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Ahmedabad. Likewise, "mean daily minimum" (solid blue line) shows the average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

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2.6.2 Wind Rose Diagram

Fig. Average temperature and precipitation ( source: Meteoblue Weather)

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Monthly Wind Rose Diagram (International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org )

January

April

February

May

July

August

October

November

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March

June

September

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The table above would tend to show that the predominant wind directions changes monthly but having regard to seasonal months. For example, winter month (Nov. - Jan.) indicate NE as predominant wind directions, whereas, Feb - April shows NW, May – August SW as predominant wind directions. The months August and September appears to be peculiar months which shows W and NW respectively as predominant wind direction.

2.6.2 SUNPATH DIAGRAM

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3. LAND USE AND INTERNAL TRANSPORTATION 3.1 EXISTING LANDUSE

Site

Fig. Proposed Landuse of Gift City

The activities on different land parcels have been planned as per their significance to the functions / business of the GIFT. The location of these activities is encapsulated as “Enclaves� with proximity to transport, identity, image, clustering, SEZ processing and non-processing, riverfront, etc. The main goal to develop GIFT as a world-class hub to facilitate the delivery of a wide range of cross-border financial services to clients in other countries, evolved Commercial (offices) land use as the predominant land use.

The residential activity along with other social infrastructure provision is equally necessary to keep the centre alive and active. The other land uses have been proportionately introduced.

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Site

Fig. Proposed Landuse division of SEZ regions

Fig. Table for Landuse division of SEZ regions COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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3.2 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

Fig. Proposed metro stations for internal and external transportation

Fig. Proposed internal road network of Gift city

Fig. Existing traffic as on 7/8/2018

There are 4 metro stations in the GIFT City that will cover almost all the regions and each metro station is located within 500 metres of walking distance.

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4. UTILITIES AND SERVICES 4.1 PARKING Multi-level parking system is proposed in GIFT city for better traffic management and less vehicular movement within the city.

Total 9 Multi-Level Parking is proposed in the city. 2 MLPs are in the SEZ area while other 7 in NonSEZ area of the city.

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4.2 WATER SUPPLY

Fig. Flow diagram of water supply system of GIFT City

Benefits of the system:  Quality Water- can be drunk from any tap.  Storage of surface run-off & rain water.  Approach towards making the project water neutral.  Drink from any tap.

Controllers

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Metering

Leak detection

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4.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT Automatic collection, transportation and segregation system has been installed in city for waste management.  The waste is thrown into a disposal chute  Computer controlled access  Waste sucked through pipes at a speed of 90 km/hr.  Treatment through plasma gasification

DUSTBINS

WASTE FROM BUILDINGS

COLLECTION CHAMBER

SUCTION PIPE

Fig. Graphical representation of waste management system

Benefits:  



Maximize resource recovery / minimal emissions Minimize impact on environment, human intervention, space requirement, impact on health hazard No waste visibility

Fig. Waste collection and monitoring building

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4.4 POWER SUPPLY        

Underground cabling for power distribution within GIFT Substation and Distribution Automation Indoor Substation Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) substation for sub transmission and distribution within Compact substation (CSS) in building Total Power Requirement- 750 MVA (from dual source) Emergency Power generation (Gas Based) - 200 MW Green Power

   

Power supply monitoring Power loss minimization Grievance redressal system Power consumption and efficiency monitoring Emergency Power supply monitoring



GIFT

Fig. Waste collection and monitoring building

4.5 DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM System Highlights: 

Total cooling load capacity – 1,80,000 TR



State-of-the-art technology with series counter flow chillers and Thermal storage tank



Chilled water distribution through underground utility tunnel



Effective metering and control through SCADA Salient Advantages:



Reduced Energy Cost through diversity



Reduce global warming potential (GWP) due to use of green refrigerant



Reduce operation & maintenance



Economical for end-user

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4.6 UTILITY TUNNEL GIFT City is being developed as a state-of-the-art financial hub which shall require huge infrastructure with excellent planning, designing and engineering with latest technologies. In respect to vast infrastructure systems, GIFT developed the vision of “DIGGING FREE CITY� by placing all the utilities in a TUNNEL across the city so that there is no need to excavate the roads in future for repair/maintenance /renovation/up gradation of any utility. The provisions are made in the tunnel for smooth access, separation of utilities, proper drainage, lighting, and other long-term concerns, such as maintenance and security.

The Utility Tunnel will accommodate all the utilities including Power Cables, Raw Water supply pipe line to Water Treatment Plant (WTP) as well as treated water supply pipe line from WTP to various developments, chilled water supply from District Cooling Pipe (DCP) to various developments and return pipe line to DCP, ICT cables, Automated Waste Collection pipe line, Fire hydrant water pipe line, etc.

From safety point of view the tunnel is divided into WET and DRY sections which are physically separated with each other. Wet section is carrying utilities related to water, ICT and others while dry section carries power cables and have access from top. The wet section has been designed in such a manner that material handling or maintenance vehicles can enter into.

Total length of the Tunnel within GIFT City shall be approx. 16 Km and shall be provided with Ventilation system, Rodent Repellent System and Fire & Smoke Detection System for the purpose of safety. The size of the Tunnel shall vary depending on the no and size of the Utilities and may go up to as large as 8 M wide X 11M deep.

Fig. Graphical image of Utility tunnel

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Fig. Utility tunnel existing and proposed layout

Fig. Utility tunnel section

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4.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTOR Fastest-growing states between fiscals 2013 and 2017, as per the analysis by CRISIL in a report titled 'States of growth'.

AHMEDABAD Traditionally been a center of economic importance for the dynasties ruling it and later for India as well.

Hub of trade related activities.

DEMOGRAPHY As per the Census data, the total population living in the urban areas of the district was 60.6 lakhs in 2011.

Population 15.96

84.04 Urban

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Rural

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4.8 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.8.1 URBAN FEATURES OF GIFT CITY Picturesque Landscape  Each open space to have a distinct identity and name  Hierarchy of open spaces  Streetscape defining roads  Pleasant walking experience  Forum for social interaction Urban Character       

Activity nodes interconnecting buildings and enclaves Active street frontage Planned space to street vendors A.C. elevated walkways Humanization of spaces Delightful vistas Food streets & street bazaars

Fig. Urban Boulevard

Fig. Golf Course

Fig. Urban Plaza

Fig. Green Plaza at nodes

Fig. Green Terraces

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Fig. Interactice water space

Fig. Pedestrian friendly

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4.9 HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE Indo-Islamic Architecture and Indo Saracenic Architecture showing traces of Indian Islamic and British architecture.

Buildings of historical importance in Ahmedabad

Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad

Mansar Talav & Shrines

4.9.1 SAMRUDDHI SAROVAR       

Samruddhi Sarovar (Master Balancing Reservoir) Food courts: Restaurants, Eateries, Dining Gathering spaces for concerts and events, Promenades Water sport activities Retail Facilities Walkers paradise: jogging track, viewing points Light and Sound show, Fountains, Water Shows

Fig. Samruddhi Sarovar ( INI design Studio)

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4.10 SKYLINE OF CITY

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CHAPTER 4: AREA PROGRAM & BYE LAWS COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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1. AREA PROGRAM- TOTAL DESIGN CAPACITY= 9110 PEOPLE

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2. BYE LAWS & LITERATURE STUDY

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CHAPTER 4: DESIGN TRANSLATION COMMERCIAL MIXED USE TOWER, GIFT CITY

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