/Chapter_18_Test_Review_key2

Chapter 18 Test Review

Name:

1) Identify if the following characteristic belongs to an acid, base or both: a) reacts with hydroxide ion to form water and a salt acid

j) pH is from 7 < 14

b) bitter taste

k) more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions acid

base

c) conducts electricity in aqueous solution

both

d) reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas e) sour taste

base

l) more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions base m) slippery

base

acid

f) formulas end in â&#x20AC;&#x201C;OH g) formulas begin in H-

base acid

o) proton (hydrogen ion) donors

acid

p) proton (hydrogen ion) acceptors

base

q) change color of litmus paper i) pH is from 0 > 7

both

acid 5) Name each of the following bases:

2) Name the following acids: (you will need to look for polyatomic ions names if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;t know them)

a) Al(OH)3

aluminum hydroxide

a) HCl

hydrochloric acid

b) LiOH

lithium hydroxide

b) HClO3

chloric acid

c)KOH

potassium hydroxide

c) HBr

hydrobromic acid

d) Ni(OH)2

nickel (II) hydroxide

d) H2SO4

sulfuric acid

e) H3PO4

phosphoric acid 6) Write the formulas of the following bases:

4) Go back to number 2 and identify each acid as monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic.

a) cadmium (II) hydroxide b) calcium hydroxide

3) Write the formulas for the flowing acids: a) hydrofluoric acid

HF

b) chromic acid

H2CrO4

d) nitrous acid

HNO2

e) carbonic acid

H2CO3

c) nitric acid

HNO3

Cd(OH)2 Ca(OH)2

7) What is the formula for the hydroxide ion?

OH1-

8) What is the pH of the substances with the following [H+] concentrations? a) [H+] = 4.6 x 10-5M

4.34

b) [H+] = 5.49 x 10-3M

(A)

c) [H+] = 1.9 x 10-13M12.72 (B) 9) What is the pOH of the above substances?

d) [H+] = 3.44 x 10-10M a)

9.66

d)

4.537

b)

2.260 (A)

9.463 (B)

9.740

c)

1.28

10) What is the pH of the following substances from the hydroxide ion, [OH-], concentrations? a) [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-8M

6.0

b) [OH-] = 1.5 x 10-1M

13.18

c) [OH-] = 3.42 x 10-7M

7.534

d) [OH-] = 6.45 x 10-13M

1.810

11) Determine the [OH-] from the [H+] concentrations? a) 1.0 x 10-12M1.0 x 10-2 c) 4.5 x 10-8M

b) 1.0 x 10-5M

2.2 x 10-7

1.0 x 10-9

d) 3.9 x 10-4M

2.6 x 10-11

12) Go back to #8 and write “A” next to the line if the substance is acidic, write “B” if it is basic.

13) What type of solution do you have if a piece of blue litmus paper turns red when dipped in the solution?acid 14) Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, conjugate base in the following reactions: (remember acids and bases are found on the left side of the reaction and conj. acids and conj. bases are found on the right side.)

a)

HBr + H2O  H3O+ + BrA

B

CA

CB

b)

SO42- + H2O  HSO4- + OHB

A

CA

CB

15) Define Arrhenius acids and bases: acids: substances which dissolved in water produce hydrogen ions bases: substances which dissolved in water produce hydroxide ions 16) Define Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases: acids: substances which donate a proton (hydrogen ion) bases: substances which accept a proton (hydrogen ion) 17) Write and balance the neutralization reaction of H2CO3 and Ca(OH)2.

H2CO3 + Ca(OH)2  2 H2O + CaCO3 20) Write and balance the neutralization reaction of H3PO3 and Mg(OH)2.

2 H3PO3 + 3 Mg(OH)2  6 H2O + Mg3(PO3)2 21) Write the salt hydrolysis reaction for K2CrO4. Determine if the overall solution is acidic, basic or neutral.

K2CrO4 + 2 HOH  2 KOH + H2CrO4 SB SA NEUTRAL 22) Write the salt hydrolysis for Na2SO3. Determine if it is an acidic, basic , or neutral solution.

Na2SO3 + 2 HOH  2 NaOH + H2SO3

SB

WA

BASIC