Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension in Elderly black American men in Jackson city Mississippi
Background
Hypertension is one of the leading public health issue that causes different cardiovascular diseases with a prevalence of 29.2% in black American men. Coffee consumption has long be suspected cause of hypertension however association of coffee and hypertension incidence are still inconsistent.
There's a gap in not been able to fully control other confounding factors and establish the effectiveness of differences in coffee consumption level and type of coffee consumed to cause hypertension.
This study will enable nutritionist and health professionals to establish the importance of reducing coffee consumption to prevent hypertension during health
Method
This study is a prospective cohort comprising of 700 men living in Jackson city, aged 50 to 80 years at baseline with mean age of 65.This participant will be analyzed during a follow up of 10 years period. Data will be obtained from Jackson city hypertension registry.
Amount of coffee consumption will be determined by food frequency questionnaire detailing how many cups consumed per day.>3 cups is recorded as a regular coffee drinker and <2 cups is categorized as low coffee drinker. Hypertension was established with korotkoff"s cuff value of >140mmHg/90mmHg. other variables like alcohol consumption and smoking was analyzed during in-person interview
Anticipated Conclusion
The study shows that a moderate consumption of high coffee consumption doesn't relatively cause hypertension but findings suggest that high coffee consumption could increase the risk of hypertension development. Coffee popularity around the world is substantial, given the importance of hypertension as a major cause of Cardiovascular diseases. Based on this study, future intervention should include older adults refraining from consuming more than 3 cups of coffee/day to prevent hypertension.
Study includes black American men in Jackson city, Mississippi ages 50 to 80 years. There's a high coffee consumption rate and low income in Jackson city and the treatment and management of hypertension decreases with age.
since there's no establishment of coffee causing hypertension, the purpose of this study is to examine the association of coffee consumption and the risk of developing hypertension in elderly black American men. The information collected in this study will enable the management hypertension through dietary coffee control.
It is hypothesized that regular coffee consumption increases hypertension in black American men.
SPSS will be used to estimate the risk ratio of hypertension relatively to coffee consumption according to the regression model and other extraneous variable will be assessed.
Anticipated Result
Less than 50% (200) of the participants drinks >3 cups of coffee/day. Among these, a total of 175 participants develop hypertension compared to 500 participants who never or drank less than 3 cups a day. The lower category of coffee drinking of less than 3 cups was not significant for the risk of developing hypertension, about 45 was diagnosed with hypertension
References
1)Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: A report from the American heart association. Circulation [Internet]. 2017;135(10):e146–603. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485
2)Bohn SK, Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD. Effects of tea and coffee on cardiovascular disease risk. Food Funct [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Apr 5];3(6):575–91. Available from:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/FO/c 2fo10288a