Life students book pre intermediate 2nd edition john hughes

Life: Student's Book (Pre-Intermediate) 2nd Edition

John Hughes

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The following new and updated features o,f the second edit i on of Life are based on extensive resea.rch and consultation with teachers and learners from around the world:

• Uoda,ea g oba 1 con:en ,he un : elT'es and ead1ng s;;;lec- ons

• Upda ed video ma er a ·eat..ires ado tonal video supper or vocabulary learning

• New. spec1a11. selec ea National Geographic pt,otography s 1mulates learners' visual I teracy skills

• Refined grammar syllabus with increased scaffolding and an enhanced reference sec 10n

• Ex ended and oet1er-1ntegrated cnrical thinking syllabus actively engages students 1n their language learning. encouraging them to develop their own well-Informed and reasoned opinions

• New 'My Life' speaking act1v1tres encourage reamers to relate the global content to heir own lives

• evv 'Memory Booster' act1v1ties improve learners' ability to re a1n new language

• An improved Classroom Presentation Tool now includes the Vvorkbook pages. academic skills worksheets, extra support and ex ension ac 1v1 1es

• New Student's App incl udes video, audio for he Student's Book and Workbook. grammar practice interachve reading pract ice, expanded wordlists and games

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Rowers take part 1n he 42nd arm,a oga ~a is a famous non-cc'l'lpe:: \e reca:•a '"8' S'a'"e,j "" ·motor boats. I's "Ok •o .-e g0€s •..,.~ © Awakening Get.y IIT'ages

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Contents

Unit

1 Lifestyle

pages 9- 20

Grammar

presen simple adverbs and e~pr5s1ons ol frequency pr~ent simple ,md present continuous

V IDEO: My lornl p,,rk page 18

2 Competitions

pages 2 1-32

verbs for rules -1ng form

Vocabulary

everyday routines

wordbuild1ng : colloca11ons with r;io, play and go word focus : feel medical problems

RFVIEW page 20

sport

wordbu1ld1ng : suffixes word focus like

Real life (functions) Pronunciation

tal,1ng about illness ,, , 1 1 or 11

talking about in erests

\11DEO : Mon~olian horse racing page 30

3 Transport

pages 33 - 44

comparatives and superldt1ves as as comparattve modifiers

\/IDCO: Indian Railwcl)'S page 42

4 Challenges

pages 45 - 56 past ~,mple past conunuous and past ~1mple

VlDEO: A micmad\'enture page 54

5 The environment

REVffi\V page 32

ways of travelling transport nouns

wordou1ld1ng compound

nouns

iransport adJe<:1 1ves transport •,erbs taking tran~port

Rh VIEW page 44

risks and challenges

pe~nal qualities

wordbu1ld1ng verbs and nouns

REVIEW page 56

pages 57 - 68 quant,l1ers articles alan. rhe or no article

mdterials

recychng results and figures

word locus UJke

VIDEO: Recycling C1lm page 66 IJ,,, Jff\ ' IEW page 68

6 Stages in life

pages 69-80 re 1nf1n1t1vl' future orms 90111g ro, will and present con:1nuous

fe evenb describing age

ce ebrauons

word focus. get wordbu1lding synonyms

VIDEO: Steel drum1, page 78 IJ,,, REV! - W page 80

going on a Journey

' IJ silent letters than sentence stress 1ntonatron

telling a story

phoning c1bou1 an order

inviting, accep11ng anrl declimng onP or two sylldbles7

HJ , 1/ or 1J was/were 1ntonat1on for responding

/tl a ' or h \ 1: sounding fnendly

,,,,, contracted forms emphas1z1n9 words

Listening

someone ml ·,ng ilbout a national p.ir'. nPilr a c,ty a rad,o interview about long life

Reading

a q 112 about how well you ,leep ,Hl ar11cle ii bout cen tenilrtans ,m drt1cle about how nature 1s good fo, you

Critical thinking

Speaking

sor, eone descr bmg an Jronm,m comP€t>t1on

three people t.ilkmg c1bout compi't11Jve 1ports

someone describing a photo o1 J woman travelling by train 1n lnd1il

t.vo people d1scuss,ng th<' pros and cor,s or types of tr<1nsp-011 a documentary about an1mdl transport

a caver tal' mg about his hobby a 1mposs1ole decision

an article about crazy compet1t1ons

~n Jrt,cl!'! about female 1'\ffestlers 111 Bolivia

reading between thE' line~

extract from a documentc1ry about a house of recycled m,11enals

'le'M about env1ronm,:,ntal prOJe<'.15

ilfl art,cfe .ibout solutions to transport problems

an art,c e about the late o· the rickshaw 1n Kolkata an .irt,cle .ibout ddventurers

an article about different types of challenges

opinions for ano against loo~ 1n9 for evidence

f1nd,ng out about hfest-yle your rnrren Lhie making a tm'\ITI he~lth1e1 e~pla,n1n9 tr e rules of a compe,t111on talking about your spon preferencl:'s your op1n1om about Olym pie sports talkmg about and comparing 1ourneys advice 011 t,ansport a pre-!>entat,on dbout a pedicab company asking a.bout your past events you remember telling .i story

Writing

text type hliing 1n a form

writings di: 1nforma11on on forms 1ex1 type an advert or I 0(1((' wr111ng sl.111 checking your w1111ng

1fforences betwee,1 the generations a nes,vs item i!bout Mardi Cira~

An art,cle .ibout e-nJbb1sh

.in ,irticle c1oout il ho~t made o· plastic bottles. thePkmiki

,,n online order

an arttcle r1bout how ii couple changed th()11

Irle

an article about hovv

M;ird1 Gras 1s celebrated around thP world

dr1 article about co1n1n9· of-age ce,emonres

dose reading

analysing the wnler's view

recycling whe1t.' you are general :nowledge quiz ch~nging ,1tl1tudes and beha,0,our

te~t type not~ ,md me$sages wr,11ng sk.U. writing in nott>form

text type a short story ,w1t1ng skill: structure your wr111ng

<':t quiz

text type. emd1is writmg skd · tormal word\

plan the trip of a l1fct1me your favourite fe~11val pl,mn,ng a CPle>br;Jt1on d~cr bing .innual events

te~t type a des(r1pt1on

writings' ,1· : descriptive adject1ve5

Work

pages 81 - 92

Gr, rnmar

pre*nt perfect and past simple present perfect w,th for and since prep0<;1t1ons of place and rnovement

\I f' bulan•

langu;ige to describe 1obs 1obs

wordbuildmg. suffix~ parts of a building word focus: make Of do job;idverh

VID ·0; 1y wo rkin g li fe page 90 REV I EW page 92

8 Technology pages 93- 104 zero and first condit1onc1I dehning relative clauses internet verbs

wordbu1ld1ng· dependent prepos1ttons instructions

Re I I f<> /functions

a 10b interview

£1nd1ng out how something worh

VrDEO: Ancient lang uilg t"S, modem tedmology page 102 REVIEW page 104

9 Holiday pages 105-116 past perfect sample subiecl questions holiday collocallons

wordbu1ldin9. -ed I -ing ad1ect1ve<; word locus: place

\ ID[Cl· I ,nng m V!!nice page 114 .., REVI W page 116

10 Products pages 117-128

hi, pass ·,e presen and pas smpe) used ro

wordbuild1ng word forms describing des1gr1 Nebs1tes

Video: Wind turbines page 126 .., REVIEW page 128

11 History pages 129- 140 reported speech reporting vE,'rbs (say and rem

wordhudd1ng· verb + prepos1tron commun1cc111on ancient history word focus: one

VIDEO: The ,oldt•n Record page 138 REVIEW page 140

12 ature pages 141 - 152 wcond cond111onal anyv,here, evt"ryone, nobody, something, c .extreme wedlher na •ure \Ord ;ocus srarr

VIDEO: .1mbodfo ;immal re:,eut• page 150 R!:.VIEW page 152

Pror: 111c1, t1on intrusive l w l linking

requesting and suggesting 'd

g1Ymg your opinion number of syllable~ /1!;:il

s1ress 1n different word form~N or/Ll

giving a short presentatron pausing

lmd1ng a solution would I wovldn'r I'd

OMMU, I /\TIO\. ACTl\ITlf" page 153 '" GRAMMA R UMMARY page 156 UDIOSCRIPTS page 181

L1ste ng

a d~rnpttoll of a Job m a steel ractory

an Interview with a sc1entJst MO people giv1119 instructrons

a documentary about the importance or technology a sc1enrn programme about a new invention

Reading

an article about new Jobs 111 an area

an drtlcle about modern· day cowboys

Critical thinking

analysing comparisons

1n a te~t

three people talk about their holidays an 1nterv1ew with a tour guide

an explorer's biog an art1cl about b1om1met1cs

the wnter~ sources

Speakmq

Wri•1 g

desrn bmg past ----experiences

g,ving d1 rectmns

Job s.at1sf.ict1on

a jDb 1ntervie,,v planning a trip important 1nvent1ons de~19n an mvent,on for everyday life

favourtle te<:hnology

text type: a CV writing skill missing out WOf~ In CVs

a descr,pt1on of a producer and h1s products

a programme about a product from the past

a holiday story

an article abQut ttie two sides of Pans

the author's purpose

a story about a holiday planning the holiday oi a hfet1me ii place you know

text type: a paragraph writ,ng skills conn~ting words

text type: an email requesting 1nform.Jt1on

woung skill formal expressions

a histor,an tall<rng about Scou·s hut at the Antarctic a message 1n a bottle

an article about some famous logo~ an c1rt1cle about having le,s 'stuff"

f,1Ct or opinion?

the history of video gaming

an article about stealing history

emouon words

a descr1pt,on of 11 photo and the life of a storm chaser

a documentary cJbout a photographer

an article about c1 science biog

an article about Jane Goodall

close reading

some famous products 1.alk about things you used to do an 1he past using less stuff planning ii new website planning a 1me capsule opinions about games reporting a message a museum 1n your town ho~ and dreams questions ~th any interview questions

text type: a review writing skill g1v1ng your opinion

a message in a bot le text type a biography writing skill punctuation in direct speech text type. an article wn11ng s ,11 · planning an article

1

Learn about an innovative product and how it can change lives. ---

How different people spend their free time

Some people talk about their working lives

Jr 1• 10 \Vind turbines

Steelband music, or pan, is an important part of the culture in these Caribbean islands.

Unit 1 1 I hl' Goldl'n Rl'cord

Unit 1 J\ 1v local park

Unit 7 \Iv working life

Find out how recycle d objects are used n Cairo

Un, ' Mongolian horse racing

Horse racing at a Mongolian festival.

Learn more about the Indian railway system. Life

Un,t 8 An i 'nl IJnguage!:>, modern tcchnologv

Find out how technology is being used to record and preserve disappearing languages.

Un,t 1- ambodia animc1I rescue

Rescuing victims of illegal animal poaching in Cambodia.

Unit 9 Li\'ing in Venice

Unit 5 Recycling

Unit 3 Indian Railways

PEA U R ES

10 How well do you sleep?

Complete a que. tionnairc about sleep

12 The secrets of a long l ife

How an y u live to be on ' hundred?

14 Nature is good for you Nature and health

18 My llocal park video about e\ eryday life in an nglish par

Unit Lifestyle ---

Dc3 rib the place in the photo. How do you think the per on feel~?

2 L ten to a description o f th pla e in the photo . An wer the questions

Wh re is Bukhansan iational Park?

2 How many peo J, visit it e\' rr eilr.

3 Wh do they go there?

3 Work in pairs. Look t the activities in the bo . \, hich activitie do you often do? When do you do them? T II your partner.

cyc le through the countryside do sport and exercise chat on social media cook a meal go clubbing go for long walks go jogging play computer games p lay a musica l instrument read books watch videos

f 1if'tl>11 go fvr ftms w11/k, ill the £'['L'lli11g.

1 a How well do you sleep?

Vocabulary everyday routines

1 \>Vork iri pairs. Match the two parts of the expre sion for everyday rou tin s. Then desc rib e your typica l day using some of the expressio n s.

I n/ic11 gt'I /w11w Jatcfrom il'ork ...

1 ge t a as leep

2 do b early

3 feel C hours

.J fa ll d break

5 taken e TV

6 watch f exercise

7 work long g home late

8 wake up h ti red

9 get l ip abou t until midnight

10 stay up eigh t

Reading

2 R ad the que:,tionnairt' ,1bout sleep habits and iii ·t:·le An,wer the question Them work in rairs and compare your ,m~wers.

3 Turn to page 153 and find out what your an wers say about your li festyle.

Grammar present sim1ple and adverbs of frequency

4 Look at these sente nces fro m the qu estioru1aire. Match the 'e nter,cc · {1 -2) with their uses (a - b)

1 i work l o n g hours a nd get home late.

2 The average human need aro und eigh t hour. of sleep per night.

a to talk a bout th ing that a re alway true

b to ta Ik a bou t habits and rou tines

PRESENT SIMPLE

/lyovlwefthey sleep he/she/it sleeps llyoulwefthey don't sleep he/she/it doesn't sleep

Do lfyoulwelthey sleep ? Does helshelit sleep ?

For further information and practice, see page 156.

1 Do ·ou often feel tirt?d?

A No, 1 never feel tired during the day.

B I sometimes feel tired after a lo ng day at work

C All the time! I'm always ready for bed

! How manv hours do you u ually sleep ( t ight?

A Be tween seven and e igh t hours.

8 More than n i ne I rarely stay up late

C Fewer tha,n six.

3 Before I go to bed, I often:

A watch TV or read a book

8 do some exercise

C do some work.

.J t the weekend, 1:

A usually sleep t he same amount a s any other d ay.

B some ti mes s leep fo r an ext ra hou r or two.

C always sleep unti l midday ! I never get up early.

5 How often do you w ke up in the middle of the night?

A I n e v e r wa ke u p before morn ing.

B I ,ra r ely wake up more t han once, and I usua lly fall asleep again quite qu ick ly

C Two or t hree times a n ight.

6 re you often tired during the a •?

A No, I'm never tired at work .

B Sometimes, so I take a nap after lunch. After that I'm ready for work again

C A lways! That's because I wor long hours and get home late

t a ke a nap lei :, a1-e a short sleep during the day

5

Look al the gr.1mmar box

Complete the article, bout sleep with the present simple form of I.he \'l'rbs.

The secrets of sleep

Wh y 1 do lt't' slt't'fl (we / sl ee p)?

From birth, we 2 (spend) a third of our lives asleep, but scientists still 3 (not/ know) exactly why.

Why • (we I have) problems sleep ing ? In modem society, many adu lts 5 (not/ get) the seven or eight hours sleep they need every night We (work) tong hours and we rarely r (go) to be d at sunset. Why 1 (we / sleep) d iffe re ntly ? It 9 (de pend) on the time o f year and also our a g e. Teenagers usually 10 (nee d ) more s leep than ad u lts. Lot s of elderly peo pl e 11 (no t / s leep) longer than four or five hou rs at night, but t h ey often 12 (take) na ps during t he d ay.

6 Pronunciation r._1, l z/ or 117/

a Listen to thl' endings of these verbs . Is the sound / <; /, h i or lid?

l feeb L 5 goes

2 needs 6 dances

3 watches

7 does

4 sleeps works

b isten again and repeat the verbs. Think about how you say the endings

7 Di cu s the questions.

1 \Nhat hme do you .tnd your fr iends norma ll y get up? How late do you stay up?

2 Does anyone in your fomil C\' 'r take a nap in the afternoon?

3 How does thi cJ1nnge during the year? Do people ~lcep longer in the ummer or in the winter?

8 Look al the list. Then underline the adverb of t:r equency in th, questioru,aire ,md , rite the e rb in the li , t.

ADVERBS and EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY

She's usually late for work

I often wake up at seven.

Do you often wake up in the night?

She wakes up two or three times a night

Every month I visit my grandparents.

For further inform at ion and practice, see page 156

9 Look at the grammM box. otice thl' po:,ition of the adverb:; and e>.press1ons of frequency in the sentcn s. Then choo ' e the correct opti ns to complete the rule, (l - 2).

1 An adverb of frcquen y go s n_/it•r / lirfiirc the verb lo lie , but it normall) goes nftc' I' I btfon• the main verb.

2 An cxpres ion of frequency (£'.g twice,, Wttk) usually goes al lltt' begi,r11i11g I III ll1r middle or at the end of a sent<.'IK'.

10 Put the ,id\'erb or expre ,;ion in bracket · in th(' orrect place in th • :-.entence. Sometimes there ib more than one correct answer. alw11 11s

1 My brothe1 j plc1p, tennis on aturday morni11gb. (always)

2 We e11t out at a restaurant. (;.1bout once a month)

3 I take a bus to school. (every day)

4 She i at horn in the middle of the day. (rarely)

- They go on holiday. (twice ,1 year)

6 Are you late for work? (often)

Sp eaking my life

11 Work in p,tirs. Fi ,,d out about your partner's habits. Ash. que - tions with 1-fow oftm ? and these ide<1s. Answer using an nd\'erb or expression of frell u ency.

A : How ofte11 rlo l{l) II eat mit ?

B: Al)()1t/ 011cc ll 111011th

b e late for work/college take public t ransport eat out in re st au rants

che ck yo ur p hone fo r messages

pl a y board games go on holiday

ch eck your emails be stresse d at work

12

Work in groups. Pr par a questionnaire about lifestyle for ano t her group. Start each question

\\'ith How offt'II . .. ? Are you (~ftcn ... ? or Do yo11 oftm ? and offer three choices of answer (A, B or C) .

mrely O'}u

13 Work with anothc-r group and ask your questions from Exerci e 12 . Ti•ll the class about the other group ' s answers

1 b The secrets of a long life

Reading

1 Who is the oldest per on you know, How old is he or she? How healthy i. !heir lif style?

My gra11dfnt/1a •~ !he ()/dc:-1 1wrso11 I k1wm He ':; 83 r111 d sliJ/ 11l11ys gn( :

2 Work in pairs. Reild the article Tire Sm ct~ af 11 /.011g Lifi•. Answer the questions.

I Where i Okinnwa Island?

2 Why io., Okinawc1 famllu ?

3 Wh~t kind of rood do the p op l e,1t?

4 Which of their acti\ ities do you do?

I do11 ' t go (ishi1 1g liut I rf<l g11rde,1i11g

Wordbuilding collocations with do, play and go

WORDBUILDING collocations with do, play and go

We use certain noum with certain verbs. These are cal led col loc;.itions go fishing NOT ae liljliif'lf} or p~ lisMftfJ

For further practice, see Workbook page 11

3 Look al t he wordbu ild ing box . R ad th e article agn in and find the collo cations vvith do , plf1y and ~P Comp! t~ the tab le.

Do Go Play

Jis l1i11s

4 Add th ese activi ti es to the tnb le in xercise 3 . Use J dictionary if nece-ss, r Then think of one more a tivit , for .ich ve rb.

cards running football hik i ng hom ework shopping tennis karate surfing nothing the piano yoga

5 Work in pairs. Tdl your partner about people you know using the ollocation in th tab le.

My liro/lter ,/ o('S l.:11ra /c. If e's 11 Nack /1i•//

L0Ili

The island of Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest people in the world It's famous for its high number of centenarians - men and women who live beyond one hundred years of age Some of the reasons for the ir good health are t hat they:

• go fishing and eat what they catch.

• do a lot of gardening and grow their own fruit and vegetables

• go cycling and never drive when they can walk

• often spend ume w1h fri ends They meet at people's houses and play games

• rarely buy food from a superm arket.

• do regula, exercise, go swimming and lead active lives

istening

6 Listen to a radio intervie\"' with photographer David Mclain Tick the topic the peak r · talk abm1L

th age of men and women

2 famil , life

3 ;,ll•cp

4 food

5 exercise

7 Listen again. Are the entcnccs rrue (T) or fat e (F)?

1 Oa\'id cLain is travelling to different cmmtrics.

2 He's talking to the radio pr sentcr in lhc ·tudio.

3 In ardmia, men don ' t U.vc the sam number of years as women. Sardinian amilics often eat together

" David say · life in Sardin ia is k•s stressfu l than in other places.

6 Younger people arc eating more unhc.... lthy food and Lhe , aren't doing much exer ise.

8 Think about the 1ifcstyle of people in your cm.mtry. I · it imilar to the lifestyle in Sardinia? Hew,, traditional u; your coui~try? Tell the clas

Grammar present simple and present continuous

9 Look a t th sentence from the interview. Which two , entences use the present simp le? Why.

1 Well, one ma11 i trying lo an ·wer the e question and that man is photographer David McLain.

2 He 's peaking to u:,, right now on the phone.

3 n live lo the same age as 1..,•omen.

4 Every Sund,1, the whole fami ly cats a big mcc'll together.

5 Also, more and more oung people are moving: to th city the c days, and the , al'e doing less exercise because of th eir lifcstyl ~-

10 The three other sentence in l:.xercisc 9 use the present continuous. How do you form the present con tinuous?

11 We use the prl'scnt continuous to talk about omething happening now or aro und now.

Match the three present continuous scnten •:, in Ex • r ise 9 with the spccifl us<->s (a-c).

a to tall... about a ch,rnging situation

b to talk about omething happe1ii1ig around now, but not n c ssaril at thi xact moment

c to ta l l- about so mething a tual l in pro~r •ss now

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I'm speaking

C.. you/we/they're speaking he/she/it's speaking

I'm not travelling tL.. you/we/they aren't travelling hefshelit isn't travelling Am I working?

i Are you/we/they working 7 Is he/she/it working?

for further info rmation and practice, see page 156.

12 omplctc the s ntence · ,vith the pre en t simple or pre:,ent continuous form of these \'erbs.

check not I do not/ ea t go learn play read spend

1 w, ' n• h•r1mi11;.; a new language al tlw moment.

2 M fril,nd!-> and I oltlm time ,1t ea h other's hou;,e:,.

3 an you wait a mnme11t ? I 11l\ email.

4 How oft •n th l' gvm.,

' OU l(l

5 I ,1 reJlly interesting book at thl' moment.

6 Currently, a friend of minl· ,111 ) sw et and he says ht> tcels hc.ilthier

7 I 'm nea rly eight , b ul 1 .i m · exercise!

8 More old people w mplltcr games th es days. lt i n ' t ju:.t the~ mmg pcopl

Speaki g my life

13 Write pairs of ,1ucstion Use thl· pr :,,cnt sim ple in one question, and the pre:, ·nt continuous in the other

l a I low / usually spend your free time?

l /oil' dt1 ym1 w,rmlli1 5pt·w-/ yvr,r /rt'L' limt' '

b / you / do / mu h sport thcst.-' days?

Art yo11 doi11g 111ucl1 ~porl tf1csi.• daus?

2 a / often / read novels?

b /read/ any good books at tht· moment '

3 a Where/ normally go on holidav?

b Wlwre / plan to ~o thi year ?

4 a / speak /an ' othH languages ?

b / learn / anv nt>w langua~ ,..,?

14 Work in pairs. Ask and answ!:'r yom questions from Exe rcise 13.

1c Nature is good for you

Reading

1 Look cit the photo Wh re is the 1,, oman? What can she s ee?

2 Read the ar t ic le Match the top ics (a-c) with the pf1ri1l,'Taphs in the .1rticle ( 1- 3).

il how much t ime we spend outdoors

b ma king niiturt· pa rt of dty Ii f • studies by doctms

3 Rt"ad the arti le again Answer the qu :,,ticm!:>.

What do most people think about n;1ture?

2 What is the main change in how people spend their time?

3 What is happt•ning '1t national park1,, in Canada?

4 After t he maths test, ,vherc did some people look at natur '?

5 In Toronto, where did hea lt hier peopl , live?

6 \Vha t arc t h ey going to b u ild in Dubai?

7 Whl•re can children study in Swit/.erland? In South Kmea , how many people v isit the new forests every ye.1r?

Word focus feel

4 Underlin" t h ree phra s with ket in the first paragrap h of the article. Mc1tc h t h phrase to the uses (1- 3).

l to talk about your emo t ions or hea lth 2 to talk about wanting to do something 1 h, talk about an opinion

S omplete the questions with these: wi,rd!>

b ette r like t h at

What do you u uall , f :!e l do in~ after a day al work?

2 Do ,ou feel n.1turc is good for u ?

Why' I Why not?

1 After a difficult day, what makes you feel in the evcnin~?

6 Work in pairs Take t urns to ask ,md answer the questioru. from Exercise 5.

A: Wfml dL1 ym1 11sua!fy ji•d like doi11g 11Jler 11 lcm8 day al ,l'ork7

B: Going for n rim i11 111)1 local park 111rd //1,•11 mtinx di1111er. SC1mclirm•, I s11 t•ut a11d 1111..'t't friends.

Critical thinking giving examples

7 \· hen wr iters gi\·c an opinion in .in Mtide, lhcy often upport the idea with example:.. Look at th ese ~enlence from paragraph l. Which sentence has the main idea ? \\'hi c h scnte!nccs gi\'e examp les?

a Fol' e amp le, the number of l'isitors t o anada's nation,11 parks is getting lower every year.

b Human are spending- more time inside nnd less tirne outside.

c nd in countries such as the USA, on ly 10' \~, of tc<.·nagcrs spend t ime outskl~ evl'ry d.iy.

8 Read paragraphs 2 and 3 of th e articl(! Find the sentence with th • main ide.i ,md . entences \Vith examp les. Under l ine the \\'Ords and phra , es for gi\'[ n g examples

f1Jr t':<nmpic, /he mr111/1cr Lif t•isitors lo Cmmda's 1wlim111 { pinks is gi'ltiJtg lciwa e. 1cry !tt'ar.

9 omplcte Lhcse sentences in yom own words. se i:xampl~!:> from your mvn life Then tell rom partner

I rel,1x in my free time in differen t ways. For example,

2 My home town hil some p laces with trees and na t ure , uc h a:,

3 TI1ere are some beau t i Fu! national parks in my country A good examp le is

Speaking my life

10 Wmk i n groups of four. Imagine your town has some money to make people'-, li\'e5 healthier Loo~ at tht> ideas below and t h in k of one more .

• one hundn.-d new trees in the tm·vn

• a 400-me t re running tra c k in the park

• a new park with a ch ild_ren ' s pby .1rca

• two cycle path5 acrm,s the town

• ;i bridge Jcross th

• riv >r w ith a g,irdcn

11 Di:,cuss the idet1:, in your gwup ,1nd choose the be t idea. G i n ~ reasons and examples.

1 tlri11k n1c/c p,11/i, Off a gornt idm becn11si' ruc/i11g is 1;ot)d for 11,iur lit•altlr ,md , 1 L1ixf .fln · tltr •. ,,.,imm11e11l.

12 Present your id ea to t he d ass rhen compare your idl'a s. Tr: to agrci! un th t: b l'st idea

-ow do you feel about na ture? After spending hours doors, do you often feel like going outside for a ,al ? Or if you work for hours at your office desk, do feel better when you take a break and visit your al park? Most people think that nature is good for it's good for our bodies and good for our brains. owever, humans are spending more time inside and oS time outside For example, the number of visitors "Canada's national parks is gettmg lower every ar And in countries such as the USA. only 10% of ·eenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors ·eel that this 1s a problem 1n t he twenty-first century, a d hat it 1s making our physical health worse.

-s a result, some doctors are studying the connection tween nature and health: one example of this is ""e work of Dr Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. e doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, eir heart rate was faster. After the test, one group • people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality room for fifteen ~1nutes with pictures and sounds of nature Their heart ates were slower than people"s 1n the other group.

The virtual contact with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people hving in cities. Overall, they 25 found that healthier people lived near parks

Because of studies like these, some countnes and c1t1es want nature to be part of people's everyday life. In Duba,. for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a la rge garden so shoppers can relax outside 30 with trees, plants and water In some countries such as Switzerland, 'fo rest schools' are popular; schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outstde. And South Korea 1s another good exampte: it has new orests near its cities and around 35 13 million people visit these forests every year So after budding cities for so long, perhaps it's now time o start rebuilding nature

heart ra te: the speed of the human heart (number of heart beats per minute)

1 d At the doctor's Vocabulary medical problems

1 Look al Lhe picturci,. M,H h the people ( I-) with the medical problem (a-h)

il l\·c got .i hc,1dac ht>

b I' ve got backach l'v' go La runny no,l d I've got caracht•.

c I' ve got stom.ich ache f I've got a lcmpcraturn g I've got a sore thro,1t h I've got a ba, nugh .

2 Whal do you do whe11 ou ha,·c th problem in £, crci~ 1? hoose the best oplion (l - 3) for each problem Work in pair and compare your id 'a,

r go l ob d .

2 J lc1kc medicine or pilt'i '.1 r go to the pharmacy or . e my doctor.

3 Pronunciation one or two syllables?

a l .isten to the. e words . Which words h,w { m· svllabl ? Which words have two 7 Undi:rlin • the stressed s •Hable in the two-syllable \\'ords.

ache headache ear earache stomach throat cough

Real ife talking about illness

4 Li ten to two comer .:i tion , one at a pharmacy and one at a doctor ' s. What m di a l problems docs each pe1 on have?

5 : Lis t n again and write the number of the conversation {1 - 2) next to the medical advice.

a Take this m cdicin • twi ea dav. J

b u to bed.

Drink hot water with hmwv .ind lemon

d Take one pill twice ,1 day

e BL1 y cough wects,

6 Match th e begi.nni.ngs of the enten ' ( l-9) with th endings (a - i). U th expre. ions for talk in g about illne s to help yo u.

l Have yo u go t a

2 You should t, kc

3 l t'. good for -I Tr, drinking , Why don't mi

J'vego t

7 Do you feel You need

9 If you sti II foe! ill,

a t his medicine. b buy some cough SV.'Cct?

c eara he.

d then comt• back and see me again

c a ore thro.it.

f h o t wat r with honey and ll• mon.

" tcmperatur l' 7

h ick at all 7 to tak e om: of these pills.

TALKING ABOUT ILLNESS

Asking and ta lking about illn e ss

I don't feel very well.

I feel sick/ill./ Do you feel sick/ill?

Have you got a temperature?

How (lo you feel?

Givi n g a dv ice

You need to/ You should take this medicine.

Why don't you buy some cough sweets?

It's good for stomach ache.

Try drinking hot tea.

If you still feel ill. then come b.ick and see me again.

7 Work in pair'- ,

Student A: You ha, e a medical prob lem. Ch1.. o e one Clf the problem:, from xer is I and tell tudcnt B what vour prob lem is.

!:,tudcnt B: You Mt> a pharmacist. Ask how Student fl•eb and g ive advice

Th l' n c h,,nge role:, and have a new conver!>ation.

1e Personal information

Writing filling in a form

Work in pain,. Discui, - th!.!se questions.

• Vlhat kinds ot forms do you sometimes fill in?

• Think 11f a form you filled in. Whal information did yoll write?

Haye you Yrs11ed this coumry before? (If ~es. give de1.iils)

3 Writing skill informatio n on for ms

a Match the question , (1-7) with the headings on th forms i.n Exl'rcise 2 where you write the inform tion

Arc )'Ou married, single or di\·orced? 11111rital ·t,,tw,

2 Do you take any pilb or medicind

3 How many children do you h,we?

4 Whal countr) wen• you born in?

c; Whatcity/townwercyoubom i11?

6 Who can we Cilll in your famil) if you need help?

7 What is the fir.:;t le l lcr of · ur middle name?

b Look at the formh a~ain Answer these que:,tions. Then dK•ck your answ1.m, on page 155.

I l fow manv abbreviations can you find i~ the form ? What do the} mean?

DOB= Dllte of l•trfl,

2 Linder the heading Tille on forms, we use the .ibbrevialions

A1r, Mrs, M~ and Dr. What do they 111L'i'l 11?

'I Which form doesn't want you to write in lowcr-c, sc letters?

4 \lork in p,1 irs. Design a form for Ill'\\' stutfonts at a lan~u.ige ' Chool.

• I ist all the information you need about the tud nl~.

• fhcn prepare the form.

5 E,change) our form with another p.11r. se these gL1estions to check their form.

• ls their form easy ll1 fill in?

• Do vou know what to\\ rite in •.1ch pnrt?

• Would you chilngt' anvthin~ on the form?

Before you watch

1 Lliok at the photo and read thl· caption. Where is \ ' 0\.lr nearest pMk? \\'hy do people like going there?

2 Key vocabulary

Read l h r: se n tence:,,, The words and phra-,e- in bold i'll'C used in th t• , ideo. \1atd1 tht· word:- to U,e ddinition (a- f).

I lib..e coming I the park no niatler what thr: weather is like.

2 Parents push their young child nm in prams

'.1 There' :,, a grea t view from the lop of the hill.

-± Wt' of t en come to the park ,,. h ,n we ' re in the area .

'> There's a nice wa lkw ay round Lhc p.1rJ...

6 In the spring, there an.i be.n1tiful flowers on t he ground and blossom on Uw trees.

a a region or part of a town

b it h,1l> four whceb ,md )'OU mo\'e b.,bies Pr sm;ill children in it

c tlowt'rs that gmw on tree ~

d it i:,n't important and it doesn't change m1 dccbion

c what you can s 't' arou n d vou another word tor a p,,th or small road on!', for pcopk•

Wh i e you watch

3 .._. .., Watch the \'ideo J.nd rrnmber 1- g in t he order you ~t't' them.

a man i<; cychnµ

b A ,nim,u, is walkinA with h.:r UL )

c A student i jog~ing

d ThN ' .., a large how,' near the park

t.' Two people arc wa lki ng down a P<lth student is doing pull -up -.

, ,\ tr.1ctor is c-ut t i.ng t lw gr.:i s-. .

\\'ork in pairs Look at the ·able and watch the , iden agc1in

St-udent A; Complete thL· note:,, i n c lumn ].

rudent B: Comp lete the notc.·s in ,i lumn 2 .

Student A

When do you come to the park?

We com e to the park very Every afte r luncht i me, around p m

I come to t he park

On sunny days I come here in my l unch

When we were a young family and had , we used to come here, so it has memories.

I go through the park and I spend t ime with my friends.

I come to the park

, I come here about a week

I t ry and come to the park

Student B

Why do you like coming to the park?

There are a lot of for Jasm ine to play with There are beautiful everywhere

I lik e this part of the park actually, it's up and there's this beautiful

It's nicer than the way. It's a park and we like to see the d ifferent

I like park.

I l ike to in this j ogg i ng and I li ke to do here. The park is quiet and there are lots of and trees

There are always wild and blossom on the trees. It's lovely to

5 ...,. 1&11 hnrc your note· with y0ur partner <1nd co mplete th e other co lumn Then wat h the \'ideo again an d check all your answers.

After you watch

6 Work in pain,. O\ ' er th notes in the tci ble and look at the foces of the different people.

Studen t A: h oose one person in the, ideo 1;,ut don't tell Student B Listen to Student B's questions and give the an ·1,· •rs from tht• \'idco.

tudcnt 8; Ask the tw o questions from the \'ideo: When do ynu coml' In the park? How often do you come? Li ten to tudent A' an wer. \Vhich person from the video is Student A?

7 Ch.,ngt> roJe.., ~nd repeal t lw acti\'ity.

UNI 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER

Grammar

1 Choo e the correct option to complete th te t about a man called azroo.

Every day, 1a.zroo · uwk, I i, working with elephants ln this photo, ) hL' takes I he 's taking his favourite elephant elephant, Ra1an 1 for a swim i Tftey swim I Tlzey'n• swimming in the sea around the Andaman Island. Sometimes they 1 like I are likiug to relax this way after a hard day. Rajan 5 doesn't seem I isn't 5.!!t'1P1i118 worried about being under the wafer. T uppose it .fscls I it is.f<'eli11g good after a long, hot day at work.

2 Write the cxpre sion in bra kets in the correc t place in the senten e. Tn thr('{> <wntence<;, there i · more than one correct p1,sition.

1 I pla computer and video game·. (rarel )

2 \\e'rt 'itudving c; anish. (at the moment)

'l \h fam,1 • r r, , , • (t> \'ery w ekend)

'¼ ll my tri nd:... are \\'Or kin ~. /tl,r,;(' rlriv ·)

3 f>iM :1Rewrite th s ntences in Exercise 2 so they are tru for you.

ICAN sk ,'!bout preferences r-\ use adverbs and expressions of frequency :=a_ ~·

Voca u ary

4 Match the verbs 1n A with the words in B. Then omplete the st>ntenccs with the e -pres. ion•.

A fall take work watch et up

B long hours asleep a break late 1V

l can I been use of a 1l the noise out:,,1d my h d r 01

2 At- work, we alwa, · and have a coffe '

3 We all becau , th re i a lot lo do

4 ometimc I my bu · to schonl

5 l lnw much evenings? do you at 11 lhe e days and I mi s in the

5 Whi ·h word can follow the verb in AP JTAL letters? Cross out the incorrect word.

I O exercii.c, housework, rel;ixing , v go

2 GO a<; le p. clubbing, j.ogging, home

3 PLAY golt, swimminv irame , tennis

4 FEEL tir •d , happv. ache , ick

6 »JM :J Work in pairs. Writ fi\'e cntences m,ing verb · from E erci es -I, and 5, but mis · out the verb

l \'i• often yoga when 1l't' wake IIJ' Then work with another pair. Take turns to read our entences and gue:,,s the mi ·ing word.

ICAN describe daily routines talk about freet1me activities ..__.

Real life

7 hoos the correct option to (omp lete the conversation between two friend:,,.

A: 1 How do I Dn vnu fet>l 7

B: J ot very n•,•/1 / ill I've got a 'pain/ sort' throat.

A: Do you feel I Hnr,· 111•11 .''/lt a temperature! 13: I don't know. I feel a bit hot

: Tm I Ycm iwcd drinking some honey and lemon in hot water.

13: Good idea.

A: But you ' s/1011/d I it's n snod idm <1\so ·~ your doctor.

8 f>iM:1 ook at the picture and answer the questions.

B EJ

l What m >d ical problems do the people have?

2 Whal advice can you gi\' • them? e.g. You sJro11/d :,;o 111 bed.

ICAN

talk about medrcal problems and il lness give advice

FEATU R ES

Unit 2 Competitions

1 ook at the photo Whc1t port is it? Do oti like this kind of port?

2 Cll1J Listen to someone talking about th photo Answer the questions.

1 How many race arc there in the lromnan compctiti n

2 How many kilometres do the competitors wim and y le"

3 How many people corn petl'

3 Look at these words from the amc family. hich word is: a verb?

2 an adjective?

3 a noun (thing)?

4 a noun (person)?

competi.tor competitive competition compete

4 omplete the que tions with the word from xer ise 3 hen ask and an wer the qu sti n with a partn r.

1 Jn . port,areyounormallya ora pectat r?

2 Do you ever in sport ?

3 What type · of do you like?

4 Are you a per on? Why? / Why not?

2a Crazy competiti

Reading

1 Look at the ti tl' of th. article and the two photos. Why do you t h ink the competitions are 'crazy'?

2 Read the c rtlcle. \ hich competition is a rac between different teams? Whid1 is a match between two teams?

Re,,d t he ar tj cle again and match the ·entcnce (1--6) with the competitions (A-B).One scn ten c is true for both competitions.

] Competito r s tart and end at the same place. A

2 The rule ar th sam~ <'IS ctnoth.cr real s por t.

3 The ompctition is once a year.

4 You use a type f transport.

5 It's for team

6 here is a time limit.

4 Which of the two sports would you like to pla , or watch? Do you hm·c any crazy competitions i.n your country?

Vocab la

5 Look at th l! hi~M •· e the word _ hi co ort

Runners at lh lym_ 1c ame :,, g e t <1 gold medal when they win a

2 In football, there .ue d e , en on 4.'ach side

3 Al Lhc beginning of the chilm pio m,hip there are 24 . In the fin a l. thl re can onl , be two.

4 A rugby la-.t - ei ghty m i nutes How many did yo u score?

6 The ball didn't cross the , so it wasn't a goal

7 The receh ed a gold medal.

6 Work in pairs. Ans·wer these ~1uestion

How manv di ferent kind of race can vou lhink of?

2 How man;, pbyers are there in your faivouritc team sports?

3 What Me the names of the port:, team::. in your town or city?

-l [n what games do you score go;:ils and i.n what g;imc · do o.i score points?

The ldiotarod

The ldiotarod is an annua1 race i twenty different US cities. Eacr team rnust have five people and a shopping cart One person usualy rides in the cart and four people pull It. Tea'lls can decorate the shopping cart but they can't crnmge lhe wheels. All the teams have to start and finish at the same prace but lhey oon't have to nm on the same roads. The members of each team must cross lhe finish hne together and they mustn't finish without the cartJ

ra mma verbs for rules

IJi> VERBS FOR RULES

:ach team must have five people and a shopping ,art.

- ey can't change the wheels.

- rhe teams have to start and finish at the same place. ey don't have to run on the same roads

- ey mustn't finish without the cart!

:i ayen can pick up the ball and run with it

- r furthe r information and practice, see page 158.

Loo k .1t lh ' · ntences in the grammar box. Complete the e planatiom, (a-cl) with the verbs in bold in the grammar box

•, We use or when th ru lL' · say it's obligatory.

b We u~ when it's allow d in the ru l '.

,: \i\i'e use when something i • not oblig.ltory but is allowed by the ru l ,

d Weuse e r whenit isn ' t allowed in th ru l

Choo the correct op tion to comp l te lhe sentences ab out different port:,.

In golf, you lrrnff.' tu I dou ' I hcwr lo hit the ball into nine or cighte n holes.

Competitors cm1 I m11st11 ' t a rg ue ,vith th referee.

3 In football, a goalkeeper i:, the only player who can I /ms to pi k up I he ball.

Players n m'l / 1m1 st th row th e bal l ba kward in mgb

:> A referee rn11 / 11111s/1(t send a p layer off the pitch when he brca th rul of th gam

b In table tennis, the ball has to I crm ·1 hi t th e table.

7 ln te1mi "' 1 l h playc 111ust I ,io11 -1have to win e\' ry point to win a mat h.

9 Complete th de cription of another competition with these vt•rb Use •ach verb n e only.

must have t o d on't have to can't can

Eve ry yea r, o ve r thre e hundr ed compe titor s e nter the Bea rd an d Mo u sta che com pet it io n i n Ala ska . The rul es are sim pl e. Yo u ' 11111st be ov e r eig ht ee n ye a rs old an d you 2 h a ve a mou st a ch e o r a be a rd, or bot h. Also , yo u 3 put on false ha ir! In to tal, t here a re ei ght e en d iff e re nt ca tego rie s, but co mpe t it ors • o nly enter one cate gory. The re are categor ies for short beards and d ifferent moust ach es, so yo u 5 have t he longest mo ustac h e or the b iggest bea rd to win a p ri ze.

Speaking my life

10 Work in pa irs. You are going to expl i.n th rule for a sport or competition. Cho one of the follow in g . Make a list of six to even ru !tc?s.

• a popu lar spor t in your oun t ry

• a popu la r TV quiz how or V competition

• an annua l nationa l or intema t ion. I competition

Bn ,·eba/1 i~ 11 poprilar ~port in my co1111try. You Juwe to piny iPitli two te11111s , n ball 1111d n 1ml .

11 \ ork wit h another pair Take turns toe pl. in our rules. A k qu s t ion if you don ' t und r tand.

Do I have to l•c orer 18?

Can I c,ilcr the t ompl'lithm 011 /Ill/ own ()/' d(l l luwe to /ie in II fc{IJ11 1

2b Winning and losing

Wordbu i ding suffixes

1 Are any of the sportspeoplc in the p h otoo; famous i.n your country? Match the pe p ie with thesc word

t en ni s p la yer runne r fo otball e r at hle t e

WORDBUILDlNG suffixes

You can add -er to s.ome sports to des.cribe the sportsperson : football - foorballer , golf- golfer

You can add player to some sportS: tennis..,. tennis player, squash-+ squash player

Some spom don't use the suffix -er or -playe r: athletics - athlete cycle - cyclist

For further practice, see Workbook page 19

2 Look at the wordbui lding box . What is the v.•md for a pen,on who:

l boxc ? lmxt>r 5 plays d1css?

2 motorcy les?

6 drives a ra ing ar?

3 p l ays basebal l? 7 d~1cs gymnastics ?

4 s\ vims?

8 goes surfing?

3 Who are t h e mo!-l famous sportspeop le in your coun try? What ty p e of spor ts p eople are they? (e.g n .fc,ot/)(11/e,~ 111111tl1{ete)

Lm11l'I i\frssi ,, 1'< 'f!I .fir111t111~ 111 my nm11J 1'1/. He's t1.f1mlbalk1

Listening

4 Read the quotes with the photos Do you think wi1111lng alwt1y:,, important in sport? Wh v: / \.\"h ~ not?

5 Listen to three people talkin g a bo ut competitive spor t in :::.choob. Ma tch th e peakcrs (1-3) with Lb opinions (a-c),

a peaker thinks non-<:ompetith c sport b a good idea.

b Speaker thinks comp ti ti l"t~ port i c; a good idea in "Ch\1ols .

c Speaker t h inks _port in schools is a guud idea but there can be a problem

6 Look at th~ opinions for and aga inst competitive ports in chools. \ hich are the opinions for (FJ and which are the op in ions again . t {A)?

1 Winning and losing teaches stude n ts Jbout lire. F

2 A lot of sc h ools \·vith good re;,ults don't have competiti\'e sports. A

3 Chi]drcn get more exercise when they try lo win.

4 Winning i::;n ' t impor tant ar, long as you do y0ur be:-; t.

5 Ch ildren lea rn to ,..,•ork w ·11 i11 teams when they play in ma tches.

6 St udents learn to work hard with competitive sports.

7 ~ome pa rent", don' t like lo in~ and get angry with their children.

A ll d1ildren a rc different and some , ren't good at sport.

9 Competitive port:. are un.

7 Liskn .igain. Which opinion trom E t>rcise 6 does each "P ', ker (1-3) gin~?

peaker l -peaker 2 pcakcr 1

8 Work in groups. Dis u s the opinion& in Excrci. 6. nswer these questions.

l Which opinions do you agr •e with?

2 Whi h do you di agr • with?

3 Are there any other reasons for or against comp litivc sport 111 :.chool.?

Grammar -ing form

-ING FORM

Leaming to win and lose is important in a child's education.

2 Competitive sports in schools are good for teaching children.

3 Some parents hate losing. For further information and practice, see page 158.

9 Look al the grammar box. ndcrline lhe \'erbs in the -ing form. Then match them with the u e, of the -i11g form (a-c).

a [t is th subject of the, nt nee.

b It comes after~ \' •rb, e.g. like, ,fo:/ikt•.

L It come:,, after a preposi t im1, e.g. of.

10 Put the ,,·or , in order to make quote by famou

• port people. Then match the -ing form· with the uses (,1-c) in Exercise 9,

n ,er/ thought/ lo ing /of/ I (Muhamml'd A li, bo er)

2 love / J just / winning) ( yrlon e1ma 1 racing driver)

3 ·hampion / afraid / losing/ i ·n'l / of (Billie Jean King, tcnn is-pl,1yer} -l hate / I / losing ( achin Tendulkar, cri ·keter)

5 l'm / more worried abou t / a good p rson /being/ than bt!ing th best football pla •er (Lion 1 Messi, foo tballer)

6 i n'l /. wimming / w inning is/ ever ··thing, (Mark pitz, swimmer)

11 hoose the corre I options to comple t thi. conversation. Then listen and check.

/1.: What' on nr?

B: '~ / Cycli11g. !L the Tour de Franc I love 2 ,m/dt / fl'(llc/1i11g it.

A: Oh no! 1 1 /11111k I f//i11ki11g il' boring!

8'. I really cnjo ,. 4 ~cc I o;{'l..'i11g them on the moun tains.

A: ' ii I Sittmg in front of the T all da)' is n ot exciting. I'm bored wilh 'do /dom:,: nothing. Arc you any good a t tcnni ? \• e could· piny I p/ayi110 this aftemoo n

B: But I want to 'wntc/r /wntc/rirrg this .

A: I scc.i\rc you afraid of"lose/lc>sing?

12 Pronunciation Joi

I a thin b think. C thing

2 a win b wink C wing

3 a ban b bank C bang

4 a sin b sink C sing

5 a ran b rank C rang

(, ii p in b pink ping

b Lh,ten again to th e con\'er ation from Exer i. ll. i otiCl' th pronunciation of th -i11g forms.

C Work in pc1irs. Pra ti the conversation.

Speaking my life

13 Work in p«ii Ask quc tinn · to find out whn t sports or lcbur • activi ties ·our partner likes. l hcn complete the senten C5.

1\; Wltal SfTtJrt~ do w11 lo ve w 11tchi11g ?

8: frrmis. \\'Jrnl 11[11111/ ,Villi?

l I love watching

2 I think

3 We both enjoy

.J. l 'm good al

5 1y partner likes

but my partner doesn't. is b ring but my parb1cr lov s it! but we hate but m, partner isn't. but I prefer

2c Bolivian wrestlers

Read i ng

1 Discuss the qucsticms

Do many people watch boxing or wre ·tling m your ,ountry?

2 Why do some peop le dislike the c types of sports 7

1 Whill do ynu think ,1boul these sports?

2 Read the artic l 'about wre tling in Boli\'ia. Which pr1ragraph (1-5) des ribl·s:

a the two wre ti er::. b •for the fight? 2

b the popularity of male and fc.•mal' wrestling in Boli\'ia? Yolanda' family lifo:?

d the reason wlw a fan watchl's it?

c.• the fight betw~en the two wre tier!>?

3 Find words in H1l' <'!rtide for thl'::.c definitions. !'>omething pl'oplt' ,, atch for pk,1..,ure ._, 11tert,1111m ,•11/

_ th e pla ce where two \\'fl'''>llers fight r a large group c.1f people c

-I th person who dl'. ribes the action in a sp rt

C

5 get , ery excited, shout ,1nd jump up and down g C

6 people who lik' ,, ..,porb person or famous celebrity f

7 the money you earn for work

Critical thinking reading between the lines

4 An arti le do sn't alwa tell u abou t how the people feel, but w can ofte n guc s. Match the people from the article ( 1-3) witl1 the sentenCl' · (a-c).

Yolanda

2 on • <. f Yolanda's dau~ h te1 ·

3 E·peranza

a ' Tdon't like the day · when tht> wrestling happens.'

b ' l feel wonderfu l ever) time l go ou t t h ere.'

c 'Life is \ ' NV hard for people like me.'

5 Di us!, th e quc:;tion

I ow do you fee l about the women wrestle rs?

2 \. ou ld y u like to sec this spor t? Why?/ Wh • not?

Word focus like

6 Lm1k at the word Jik,· in the e-; •ntence&. Mt1 tch the sentences (1--l) with thl• uses. (a-d).

1 1ost peop le like footbnll.

2 Yolanda and C la u di11a a re like fomou. pop tars.

1 Would your daugh ter · like Lo become \ Vrcs tl crs one day?

-:l F peranza lik watching tht' wrest ling.

,, W, us.> hke noun l o talk .,bout t h ings weenjo:,.

b Wt• use like+ -rng to t,111< about activitie:, we en joy do i ng .

c We use bc/h>C1J.: lik1• to talk .ibou t similari ti l' · bctwc •n p ople/thing~/ actiom,.

d \-'v'c u e il'Cllllii likt' lo~ infi niti, e tc.i ta lk a bout future plans or ambitions.

7 l\fot h these questions with lik,• (I ) "i th the answers (a - d}.

l \>\lhat de.: you like doing il l the weekc11d?

2 What kind of mu.i do you like?

3 Are you like anyone in your fcirnHy?

4 Where would you likl' to go on ho liday ne t ?

a I probably look like my mother.

b pain. Or l'orttt)c;ill ma} be

c nything. Rock. lassical. I don't mind.

d Going to the cinema.

8 \. ork in pai rs. T.ike tu rn to a k the questions from Exe r ise 7 and gi ve your own an wers.

Speaking my li f e

9 Wor in gro u p an you sa 1 11.' n spo r t in t h e Olympic Games?

10 Th '>e six sports ar, no t in the Olympic Ga m e Discu t h qu s t ions .ind gi\'e reason for yo u r answers. Try to agree

Amer ic an fo ot ba ll b aseball ch ess karate skat eboardi ng surfing

\ Vh id1 of the ..,i'\ sport:,. do you thi nk are t h e most popular?

2 Which ·pt rts don't pt>opk like wa tc hing?

1 Which two ach\ itie-. wn~1ld your group like to haw at the ne t Oh mpics?

n Bolivia, football is the country's national sport but the country is also famous for an other sport - wrestling Local people like watching the wrestling and it's very popu lar w it h tourists. It's an exciting mixture of sport, drama and entertainment When modern w restling started in Bolivia in the 1950s, the co mpetitors were all men, but nowadays w omen are also competing in the ring.

10 The city of El Alto 1s a good place to watch the wrestling

Hundreds of spectators go to the fights 1n the evenmg This evening, the crowd is sit mg round a huge wrestling nng and they shout: 'Bring them ont Bring them on!' Suddenly, the commentator ,s speaking into a microphone· 'Ladies and ,s Gentlemen. It's tirne for Yolanda and Claudina!' The crowd is screaming with excitement as two women in colourful clothes enter the ring.

Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars They smile and wave to their ans. The music stops and the referee starts 20 the figh . Claudina Jumps on Yolanda. Then Yolanda throws Claudina on the floor. As Claud1na lies on the floor, Yolanda smiles and waves to the crowd Then, Claudina gets up and pushes Yolanda onto the ground. One minute Yolanda is winning. The next minute, Claudina 1s winning. The spectators 2s go crazy!

Away from the ring, many wrestlers are women wtth families. At home Yolanda has a normal and quiet family fife. She has two daughters and she makes clothes for a living Her father was also a wrestler, so it's a family tradition. In answer to the 30 question, 'Would your daughters like to become wrestlers one day?' Yolanda says they wouldn' She answers: 'My daughters ask me why I do this. It's dangerous and they complain that wrestling doesn't bring any money into the house: So why does she do i 7

35 Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans, and she has lots of them One of her fans 1s called Esperanz.a Canana. She pays $1 50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring. Esperanza likes watching the wrestling because she says: 'We laugh and we forget our problems for three or four hours.'

2d Joining a group

Speaking

1 Work as a lass or in groups. Interview different people. Find someone who:

i a member of a team or dub.

2 has to go to H'6'1.tlar meetings (e.g. every week) .

3 pa • to be a member.

4 competes wilh their team or club.

Real 'life talking about interests

2 Look at the adv rts. Whi h information (1-4) is in e.ich adv rt. nderline the information.

2 the membership fee

3 reasons to join

A when the lub me~ts

-1 how to conta t the club

\\ould\1n1

I I k,· lt1 get fit

.111d make new friends?

Join our running groups for beginners and for more experienced runn r

It's non•competitive and fun.

7 p.m. every Wednesday.

Call Mike for details on 0776 58945.

IJ 'ii IN new ea er:a~ mus

The Barton Photography Club welcomes ~. new members We are a busy club with regular speakers. Join before 1st March and enter our summer photography competition. first prize is a new XP8ii camera! The entry fee is 15 euros (including membership).

Visit lu to jo in.

3 T\·\IO people are looking <1t the adverts in their local newspaper. Li ten to thL·ir conver ation and number the advert. in Ex rcis 2 in the order they discu th •m.

4 Li ten again and complete the sentenct?s

1 You're rcall , doing Lhat.

2 Wdl, joining something el e?

3 Ar you acting?

4 I st, nding up in front ot people.

5 I'm good at singing.

6 ,o l think you 'd •njoy it.

7 I think I'd join thi on Wednc day evenings

n like fun. you come too?

S Mat h th sentences in Excrci~e 4 with th lhre categories in the bo

TALKING ABOUT INTERESTS

Talking about interests and abilities

Do you like taking photos?

I'm good at acting.

I'm (not) intereHed in photography

Talking about plans

I'd like/prefer to jo in a running club

I wouldn't like to do it

Recommending and encouraging

It looks interesting.

Go on.

I think you'd enjoy it.

You should do it with me.

6 Pronunciation silent letters

on,e letters in English word:. are not pronoun ed Listen to these word from the conversation ;:md cro s out the ilent letters. Then listen again and repeat.

l intere ted

2 should

3 riends

,I wr ite

5 half

6 what

7 Work in pairs Discuss the questinns

1 Would you like to join one of the clubs in Exercise 2? Why? / Why not?

2 What other t _ pe of dub would you like to jnin? Why would you lik to join them?

2e Advertising for members

riting an advert or notice

What make~ a gm1d ad, ert and a bad adve>rt?

1 hink about ,,dv •rts you like and don't likt'

m magazin 'S , on TV or online

Read the ad\ ice about how to\\ rite effc tin• adverts and notice~. Then look at th c1d\ert. on page 28. Answer theSC' ,1u tion

Which ,1d, ert follows mm,t ot the c1d, ice?

2 How could you impro\'e the oth r adverts? ,<Ju)((~ ( O · WRITE EFFECTI VE ADVERTS .. AND NOTICES , , .· - · ·· • - J

• tart with a good headline ou ould ask a queshon nr oh-ea probl m

• The advert should •:-,;plain the rea ons for buying -;omething or joining a dub .

• If possible, offer :om •thing fo1 free or a pri/c.

• Include an\' other important infom1ation (dates, timl'S, lo .1tion, etc.).

• Photos, picture or irnag always help

3 \ o rk in pairs. You are going to pl,in ,, new club D uss the queshrnr.

1 \\'hat l) pe of club i it? (e g. a chc :, lub , a tennis club, a walking group)

_ \\ .ho is the lub for 7

.\.re there anv rules for member ?

I there a membership fee? How much i. it?

- How oflen \o\ 111 it meet?

n and writ ' an ad\'ert for ·our lub.

S Writing skill checking your writing

a lt i important to he k your writing for mistake:, before p •opl , read it. Read the c sentences frl m ad\'crts and ind one mistake in c, h ntence. ircle the mi take and \-vrite the correct symbol from the orre tion de ,

Would you like to le.irn a musical inst1umen~? l'

2 Ente r our excite ing compet ition !

:1 Are y u g M:I at play

4

5 It's fun way to get fit.~

6 7

8 all petc on 077 237 59XO

Writing correction code

Sp = spelling mistake

M = missing word

p = punctuation mistake

Pnp = preposition mistake

GY = grammar mistake

WO = word order mistake

C = capital letter mistake

WW = wrong word

nnas 7

b Read vour advert from crcb • 4 ,1g,1in Are Lherc any mi takes?

6 Di:..play y ur ad\'erts around the dM,sroon,. Walk around and read about c.i h oth r's new clubs. Think ,1bout these question

• Which dub · would nm like to join?

• Whi h adv ,,·tsar• effective? Why?

efore you watch

\\0rk in groups. Look at the photo uf horse racing m \fongolia. Answer the que lions.

1 Do 1ou ht1\'e hor c racing in ymir cotmtry?

2 How popular b it a - a :..port?

Ke y vocabulary

Read the sentence The words in bold arc used in the video .Match the words and phrases with the definitions (a -h).

In the Olympic Gam1..•s, the winners rec' ivc a gold m e dal.

.:! r got 100'~·,, o n the exam so I feel very proud of myself.

3 A rcligi1..lus man bl es s es al l the peop le.

-! Thl' grass is very rich at this t ime or yt'ar. =; \.1y hon,C' can run like the wind

b A t Lh e fes t iva l, the re were di s play by actors and performt>r::..

7 ln the U~ , a rodeo is \'cry famous for ih. cow boys and exci t ing to watch.

In t hi · competition, I have one mai n r ival who a l w;iy!:, tri •s to beal me.

a ask a gnd (or gods) to prot' t something b pie, .cd bccau e you've done somethi n g well

- good to cat

~hows or present.itions

a round piece of me t al gi\'en in competitions

• \ cry quickly

_ a competition w h ere peop le try to st.iy on wild horse-;

h per!->on 11·ho compete with you

hile you watch

.1 \ 1ukhdalai's horse wins the race.

::, A horse rider ca r rie!> a Fleig J

The riders l e,we the start ing point.

\ r ,[igiou-. woman b lesses the hor!>Cs.

\lukhda lai rcceiYes first prii:e.

A hor!>l' rider pick up po les.

_ Two men wrestle.

h Two men ri<lc wi ld horses in the rodl'o.

4 ....,.-.::i;u \ atch the video .igain. hoo.,t> the correct option (a-b).

1 The· raadam' is a type of

a festiv.i l

b horse race

2 Mukhdalai ,ind ramjin are who compete against each o t her.

a horse riders

b trainer

3 MuJ..hdalai and i\amjin each o t hl'r.

a like

b don't like

-l There ar abou t race. h orses competing in the

a lwcnt}

b ei~hty

5 T IP starting point is al the

a top

b bottom of a hi ll.

6 i-, wearing grcen and w h ite.

a Mukhda lai's so n

b amjin ' s son

7 lukhdala i's horse is in first p lace for ra e.

a the whole

b part of th c

8 t\.imjin'<. horse was in a (irst place

b its fi rst race

After you watch

5 Vocabulary in context

a __;a.:;a Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct mea n ing of the words and phra e:,.

b \'\fork in pair:,. As" and answer thes qucstiom.

\.'Vhat .ire some annu,il celebration.., in your country?

2 What famous races (e.g. Formul.i l rncing) dn you watch? \o'lho usually takt.•:-. the le,id and win!,? Dot• the sam • competitor u:-,llally finish a long \\ay ahead of the rest?

3 Do you c, er de, any races such ,ts running or cycling? Can you kecp up with lht• others?

r do you often :-.l llW down and fa ll back?

6 Work in p.iirs. \>\' rite fi,c (!Ut'stion!> about lhl' ,,,,dom fe..,ti\',1 1 in t h e viden

What 1:a /he N11ad11111ft'i;fmil_fi1111,1ri,-jol'?

7 Work with,, new partncr. Take turn!-> to .1 k and anS\\ 'L' r your quc tions from Exer i..,e 6 about the Naadam.

UNIT 2 REVIEW AND M EMORY BOOSTER

Grammar

1 Choo 'C the corr-cct options to com p letc the te:-.t about an unu ua l competition.

The fir:, t bed race was in Knaresborough , K, in 1966 fhe ru 1 s a re simple Fach team I mu I IU1s to ra c w ith one bed on wheels. Tuer are c;ix pcopl' in a team and one p ssenger. The team 1 mu:,./ / di ws,r ' / hnw to have either six men or -.ix women, or yo u ' cm1 I L"tm ' I race wi th a team of tbret' l'n4. ' t1 and thrl'C women. The passenger ~/111s fi1 I docs11 ' t f111 pe to be an ,'ld u 1t b u t he or s he ' ,ioes11 ·1 IU1ve to / C(l11 ' f be oungcr than twcl\'C years of .:1ge. The time limit forth, race is thirty minute ,md you •· 11111s t11 ' t I lrrn't' lo takt.! longer.

2 f>il!!l:I \• ork in pairs What ports do these people p lay? Say two rules for each sport.

3 Complete the sente n ces ,,.·i th the -iitg form of thcs verbs.

f ee l go le a rn lose w a tch win

tn speak another language is \' ery LIS<:'ful.

2 Sport is good for healthy

3 Peter h ate:,, any typt! of g,rnw.

4 Try ing i:,, more important than

5 We're bored of this match.

6 1lo\'e to the cinemc1 after work.

4 l>i~ij :j omple te t h e sentences in your own words u sing -fo g forms Then tell your partn r

I is very good for you ,

2 I'm rcallr interested in

3 I don't like

ICAN

use verbs for rules {inclodirig modal verbs) ==::::::::::::="' use t he ·tnSl lotm

Vocabulary

5 Write the mis~ing vowl.'ls in th e. e w o rd s connected with · port. Race \\' ith ) our partner to sec who can finish first.

I R 6 B B LL

2 LS 7 \\' \J R

3 R \ND F i\:

-t M TCH

9 T \ t

5 F N H L JO B >,. R

6 An wcr these quc..,tions with four of the v1•ords from Exercise ~.

1 Whal do yot1 have to cross in c1 race?

2 What is the oppo ·ite of fl loser?

3 Wha l type of competition is Formu la Orw?

4 Whal arc the 1,;roup of people who like a sports person or team?

7 f>j&f:j Work i n pair!> Choo , four mon> words from Excr be "i and writ• four ques t ions. 1 hL n work with another pair and ask and answer your qt1c~tions.

ICA N

talk about sport and $ports people ~~~E;~Ei

Real life

8 Compll'tc th con\'crs.ttion \'\'rite ont.• word in each g, p.

A: Are you interested painting? n,ere's a new evening cour;,,, at nw collcg:e .

B: I'm afraid I ' m not , er1 gnod art.

A: I'm not either, but I'd li ke learn Go 1

• You ,,ho u ld d o i i w ith rn •

8: Sorry Wh,,t about dmn , :,, o m e th in p; d ·e? ou li ke takin f; p hotos ? f'hcrc 's ,11:,,o .:, cour-;c for thc1 t.

B: AcluaUy, th a t look.<, int restinh.

9 l>i~l :I Compll.'tl' th e I.' ~nk-n..c , m Y O Lll" c,wn word1, T hen lt•II ~·our partner

1 I'm ~ood J t

2 I would n' t like t

3

4

ICAN talk abou