Rural Development Essay

2.12.1 The Importance of Community Participation

It is widely accepted by the international organization and Local NGOs that community development is a fundamental instrument in the development process/project. Various scholars and organizations have shown the importance of community and its participants in developing process. Some of the aspects related to the importance of community participation in development process is following. Firstly, it empowers the community in decision making process which directly affects their life. It also satisfied the citizens about the communities and development at large. So it is a key to build an empowered responsible community. Secondly, sense of ownership is created by the community participation in the development process. It provides a sense of ownership as they think it is their own development. This sense of ownership is not created by top down approach. Thirdly, sustainable development continuity of development process is ensured by community participation. Basically in community work the people are involved from planning to implementing stage. It creates mutual partnership. It creates mutual partnership between government/donors and communities and it results in a suitable development. True domestic ...show more content...

Particularly, community involvement in education can develop the educational delivery in primary schools. General literature search has recognized the importance of community participation in education. helps the project to be sustainable as communities themselves learn how to approve and correct changes resulting from the project; partnership or contribution helps to defend interest of the people concerned; it enhances self–respect and self reliance among people, that is, they are enabled to get and do things by themselves and they become aware of the project implementation as they have a great store of knowledge and

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rural Development

Implementation of Rural Development Programmes in India: Impediments and Possible Solutions

"The real India lives in the villages. Unless we are able to uplift the tribals and the backward classes India faces a dark future". Swami

Vivekananda Introduction

India lives in villages and its development is synonymous with the development of people living rural areas. India is a vast and second most populous country of the world. According to 2011 census India'spopulation is now about 4.2 billion, its annual growth rate is about 1.64%. About 68.84 % of the country's population lives in rural areas where their work is mainly related to agriculture and its allied activities like animal husbandry, dairying, forestry, fishery, etc. and cottage and...show more content... on agriculture, stresses on food self–sufficiency and employment to the rural people as the top priorities. Nevertheless, this food self–sufficiency is under strong constraints and handicaps, particularly from the massive rural population growth which consequently leading to illiteracy, ignorance, and backwardness. Besides, alarming also leading to land under cultivation is not only diminishing but also gets further fragmented, ecology degraded, infrastructural facilities do not match with the growth of rural population. This problem has been aggravated mainly by demographic pressure which leads to a large number of very small fields of the country and poor infrastructure facilities like water, electricity, transport, educational institutions, communication, health, warehousing etc. Unless these problems are strategically attended and pragmatic efforts are initiated, India, can't flourish its rural areas and communities. Keeping these in view, the present paper tries to identify the impediments in implementing rural development programmes and pragmatic efforts to overcome them for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in rural

Rural Development Case Study

Case Study Of A Rural Development:

The Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III [pic]

By LEONILA TANYAG–CONRADO 2012

Table of Contents

Case Study Abstract

Introduction

Definition of Terms

Objectives

Project Beneficiaries

Analysis of the project

Development Framework

Expected Outcomes

Recommendation for Sustainability

Sources

CASE STUDY ABSTRACT:

This case details the implementation of Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III in the province of Quezon 1. The vision of writer is to initially determine the effect of the on–going implementation in the three selected sites which belong to the 5th class Municipalities in the province. The...show more content... It espouses the concept of integrated area development in agrarian reform communities wherein basic infrastructure, organization/institutional, agricultural and enterprise development support are combined to produce incremental growth in productivity and income among farmers.

Specifically, the Project will deliver basic support services to the presently underserved ARCs and where possible, consolidate economic activities and organizations to cover more farmer beneficiaries. As of December 2004, only 57% of the 1,617 ARCs have been effectively provided with support services most of which were financed through Official Development Assistance (ODA) due to national government budget shortage. ARISP III is designed to cover about 129 underserved ARCs to unleash their growth potentials for agricultural production and agribusiness. It will also support initial investments in promoting ARC connectivity by consolidating andmarketing the produce and products of a cluster of ARCs to increase value added and spread the benefits of growth to a greater number of farmers.

In Quezon 1, the three ARCs covered by the project include ARC Bulihan in San Antonio, ARC Carlagan in Burdeos and ARC Banadero–Libjo in Polillo, Quezon whose desired results are:

1. To increase average household income of about 700 farmer beneficiaries Get

Sustainable Development of villages

A case example of village in Mathura district

1Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Design, Manipal University Jaipur

2Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, G.L. Bajaj Group of Institutions, Mathura

India is a country where major part of its population lives in rural area and majority of rural people are deprived from the very basic amenities. There are approximately 900 villages in Mathura district. These villages are not in very good condition and do not cater to the basic needs of villages i.e. education, healthcare, employment etc. The aim of this article to demonstrate through various developmental proposals that village can be self–contained in itself by understanding & identifying the potential of that place. For the demonstration of sustainable development, village sameri of Mathura district has been taken up. The main aim of this project is to upgrade built environment of village and living conditions of villagers which include the socio–economic well–being, livable atmosphere, educational upliftment and societal integrity of the people living in the village. It is intended to show various stages of village development without degrading the environment. The article is divided into three sections: familiarization with the place, identification of issues and finally typical proposals which can also be adopted in other villages of Mathura district. The last section of

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Sunanda Kapoor1, Sher Singh Baghel2

The Development Of Rural Development

Rural development can be referred to as actions and initiatives to improve the socio–economic life in villages and non–urban neighborhoods. It involves provision of social, physical, and institutional infrastructural facilities. Agricultural development is transforming from a traditional level to a market oriented one. According to Okonkwor (1987), agricultural development is a process of change not fully from the traditional and subsistence mode to more productive and commercialized enterprises but also the transformation of the people who engage in it. Infrastructural facilities help in transforming the economy. According to an inaugural Africa rural development forum, countries that have developed their rural infrastructure have...show more content...

Availability of infrastructural facilities improves agricultural development, which helps to reducepoverty. There are some international agencies that help in improving quality of lives and alleviating poverty by providing funds and through programs. Social, physical and institutional infrastructural facilities promote rural development, which improves socio–economic life. In sub–Saharan Africa, about 70 per cent of the population has limited or no access to electricity hindering socioeconomic development,. Theeconomic development of a country depends on the quantity and quality of its resources, the state of technology and the efficient deployment of resources in both the production and consumption processes (Fapohunda, 1979). According to World Food Summit, roads, electricity, supplies, telecommunications and other infrastructure services are limited in all rural areas, although they are of key importance to stimulate agricultural investment and growth. In recent years, there has been a belief that the differences in growth between the successful East Asian economies and other parts of the developing world can be explained by failure to invest sufficiently in infrastructure (Estache and Fay, 2007). These facilities can be good water supply, education, health care and power supply. Availability of these resources will increase job opportunities and increase income. If infrastructures are improved in a Get more content

Role Of Infrastructure And Rural Development

Research Question For my dissertation, I am to examine The Role of Infrastructure and Rural Development in Explaining the Banking–Growth Nexus in India: Evidence from State Level Data.The relation between financial development and economic growth has been under debate for a long time, despite there being evidences of financial and banking sector devolvement playing an important role in economic development the evidences from within the developing economies is rather mixed. Literature Review Economists hold different opinions regarding the role of finance in economic growth and development. The question of whether or not financial development affects economic activity has attracted a lot of attention in many different previous and current research. Many different notions regarding the importance of the financial system for economic growth are held by economists. It was argues by Bagehot (1873) and Hicks (1969) that the financial system played a crucial role in igniting industrialization in England by facilitating the mobilization of capital for 'immense works', this argument was also supported by Levine (1997) when he says that "the industrial revolution had to wait for the financial revolution." Schumpeter (1912) emphasis on the fact that well–functioning bank can lead to technological innovation by identifying and funding those entrepreneurs who can be successful in implementing new production processes and innovative products. In the recent past, endogenous growth

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Infrastructure and Rural Development in Malaysia

INFRASTRUCTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA Introduction

1. Malaysia has achieved substantial success in its rural development, especially in reducing the incidence of poverty in both rural and urban. In the process, the rural areas have been developed with infrastructures, utility, social amenities, health and school facilities and etc to support the economic development of the country as well as increasing the quality of life of her populace. The productivity and incomes of the rural people, or more specifically the agriculture sector, the mainstay of the rural economy, have steadily increased. Rural development continues to be one of the main focus of the Malaysian Government under the 9 th Malaysia Plan (2006 – 1010).

2....show more content...

Threat of communist terrorist in the 50's, asked for opening up of the rural area (including 4 new villages for relocation), as well as their infrastructure and because of that, priority was given for the purpose of the security.

6. The Malaysian Government built on the initial stock of infrastructure, expanding and modernising infrastructure facilities and at the same time addressing the infrastructure inadequacies of the less developed regions of the country. Because of the importance of infrastructure for economic development and for alleviating poverty, the Government of Malaysia continues to give the highest priority to infrastructure development. The Malaysian Government has continuously allocated a substantial amount of the development budget for infrastructure, rural development and poverty eradication programmes.

7. Massive investments for the development and modernisation of infrastructure facilities and rural development were clearly required not only to cope with the demands of a rapidly expanding economy but also to ensure that the country's competitiveness in global markets was not compromised for lack of good quality infrastructure.

8. Despite the effort of the part of the Government to develop the rural areas, two factors have to be considered that have an important influence on

Abstract: Entrepreneur is fundamental drive for the development of the economy in India. Rural Entrepreneurship plays a fundamental in the improvement of a nation. Provincial business visionaries now a day's confronting part of difficulties and chances to run and build up their business, this review dissect the real open door for the rustic business person who relocate from country zones or semi – urban regions to Urban regions and business visionaries confronting numerous issues due to not accessibility of essential luxuries like monetary quality, motivational variables, absence of instruction , lacking specialized issues, showcasing support in country ranges of creating nation like India. The present paper concentrates on circumstances and difficulties of rustic enterprise...show more content...

Rural business people in cutting edge countries are perceived and are more unmistakable in the business world. However, in India country business visionaries are confronting some real imperatives like Lack of certainty destitution to contend their life. The real boundaries like Socio social, Market–arranged dangers Motivational components, Knowledge in dealing with the business, Awareness about the budgetary help, Having Exposure in going to preparing programs recognizing the fundamental accessible assets and so on. The review manages different parts of rustic improvement, for example, business, rural advancement, social advancement, Therefore, while talking about on the strengthening of provincial business people ranges are at last set apart by neediness and backwardness. In such a circumstance, rustic industrialization is seen as compelling methods for quickening the procedure of provincial advancement by engaging the provincial business people in the nation. The present review accordingly, goes for examining the issues and difficulties of provincial business visionaries in Krishnagiri

Rural Development In India

India has been a welfare state ever since her Independence and the primary objective of all governmental endeavors has been the welfare of its millions. Planning has been one of the pillars of the Indian policy since independence and the country's strength is derived from the achievement of planning. The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in India. It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth itself. Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of...show more content...

These are health education drinking water, housing and roads. To impart greater momentum to the efforts in these sectors the Government had launched the Pradhan Mantri Gramdoya Yojana (PMGY) and the ministry of rural development was entrusted with the responsibility of implementing drinking water, housing and rural roads component of PMGY During the Ninth Plan period, several anti–poverty Programmes have been restructured to enhance the efficiency of the Programmes for providing increased benefits to the rural poor. Self Employment Programmes have been revamped by merging the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), the Supply of Improved Tool–Kits to Rural Artisans (SITRA), the Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), the Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY) and the Million Wells Scheme (MWS) into a holistic self–employment scheme called Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). Keeping in view the needs and aspirations of the local people, Panchayati Raj Institutions have been involved in the programme implementation and these institutions constitute the core of decentralized development of planning and its implementations. The Ministry is also vigorously pursuing with the State Governments for expeditious devolution of requisite administrative and financial powers to PRI's as envisaged under 73rd amendment act of the Get

Urban bias has been presented as a major impediment to rural development because it perpetrates discriminatory policies which create and perpetuate disparities between urban and rural areas and consequently the development of urban areas at the expense of rural areas. This paper examines how urban bias, to a large extent, is the major impediment to rural development owing to its skewed policies and to down development approaches.

Urban bias proponents, chief among them Lipton (1977), argue that many underdeveloped nations implement investment, tax, pricing, and other policies which disproportionately favour urban areas at the expense of rural areas. The state enacts such policies because of pressure from elitist urban–based groups such...show more content...

Notwithstanding, other causes of rural underdevelopment may be cited, such as unemployment and low income levels (Francis, 2000). Income and employment are closely linked and have a pronounced influence on poverty and development in general. Wage–related income is one of the main determinants of rural poverty and underdevelopment. Wage income affords people the ability to purchase necessities such as safe housing and sufficient healthy food (Francis, 2000). Higher income status generally results in more control and discretion over basic needs. Higher wages result in an increased ability to cover the costs of not only basic needs but also items of higher quality and non–basic items such as higher education, specialized healthcare (Woodward, 1996).

Sociocultural factors also play a crucial role in promoting or impeding development. Factors such as values and traditions that either encourage or discourage social and economic mobility, innovation and entrepreneurship, also constitute a causal factor of rural underdevelopment (McLaughlin, 1986). Barro (2000) found that some rural community leaders deliberately retard local economic development to maintain their position of power and promote the well–being of those aligned with them. The sociocultural approach blames the victims for their predicament and not their urban

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RI Rural Development Loan

What is the RI Rural Development Loan? A rural development loan is a great option for families looking to purchase a home in Rhode Island. However, there are several items and regulations to consider when choosing this type of loan. There are currently two types of RI rural development loans to consider. The first is a USDA Guaranteed Rural Development Loan. This is the most popular option available. It allows for higher income limits as well as 100% financing. The terms for this loan are for 30 years and the rate is fixed. The second option is called a USDA Direct Housing Loan and is less common. This loan is only available for households with low and very low incomes. To qualify for this loan, household income must be 50% lower than the Get

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Rural Tourism in India

Rural Tourism and Rural Development.

Introduction: Rural tourism in India: Prospects for rural tourism in India: Role in Rural development:

Conclusion:

Introduction: Indians believe in holidays: The country has among the largest number of public holidays in the world. Yet the most common reason for getting away is to "visit a native place." Migrant workers return to their family farms at harvest time. Others return to their villages for an annual pilgrimage. The concept of a holiday where you let your hair down and relax has been accepted only in recent years. (2) As India is Considered as "Land of Villages" world wide, it villages which showcase India, Villagers in India manifest a deep loyalty to their village, identifying...show more content...

The complex and highly competitive native of the current global economic situation demands a high degree of efficiency. This in turn requires the application of advanced technology, the improvement of managerial ability, and professionalism in the management of both agribusiness and rural tourism. Appropriate technology, business information and promotion, and a sound marketing strategy all have all become important components. Although, rural tourism is a new concept in India but in Europe and other parts of the world it has been practiced since long as people want their children to have first hand knowledge and experience of rural life. Countries having agriculture economy e.g. Australia, Canada and the USA have Housing tourist spots in country side. Rural tourism may include heritage tourism, Farm tourism, pilgrim tourism, adventure tourism, nature tourism or folkways and ancient culture tourism. Specific potential areas for rural tourism is India may be Gujrat, backwater of Keral, The Pubjabi cuisine, The Hills of U.P., Shanti Niketan in West Bangal, dances and Folk songs of Orissa, The Nithyagram of Karnataka, The tribals of Bihar, Natural beauty of Meghalaya, folk dances of Andhra Pradesh, Teej festival of Rajstan, mask dances of Sikkim, the Holi of Nandagaon Barsana. Crafts and Culture of the Indian villages not only helps the tourism industry but also

Rural Education

Where a child grows up and which high school they attend greatly affects further education and employment. Higher education, including college and vocational schooling, factors into employment opportunity. Research has shown that schools in rural areas have far less resources for students interested in attending college, providing less opportunity for students pursuing higher education. Wilsonville High School, located the city of Wilsonville just south of Portland, Oregon, represents a typical urban high school in an upper–middleclass city. In contrast,Cottage Grove High School, located in the small rural town of Cottage Grove, southwest of Eugene, Oregon supports a much lower income community. Both schools differ...show more content...

In the State of Oregon, a family of four must make $30,800 or less annually to qualify for reduced meals, while the same family earning $21,700 or less annually would qualify for free meals. Cottage Grove High School has far more students eligible for free or reduced meals (44%) than Wilsonville High School (12%). The percentage of students eligible for free or reduced meals at Wilsonville High School is slightly higher than the district average of 10.5 percent, but much lower than Clackamas county (at 25.9%), which includes much of the Portland metropolitan area. The number of students eligible for free or reduced meals at Cottage Grove High School, however, is lower than the district average of 53.7 percent and slightly higher than Lane County's 39 percent. The free and reduced statistics are reinforced by poverty levels: 17 percent of Cottage Grove families earn wages under the poverty level, surpassing the state average by 33 percent. Comparing the students at both high schools clearly determines that on average, students at Wilsonville high school come from families than earn higher incomes than students at Cottage Grove High School.

Testing: Standardized and SAT

Oregon requires students statewide in grades 3, 5, 8, and 10 to participate in testing in the areas of math, reading, and writing. The tests provide a

Infrastructure and Rural

Introduction Infrastructures are basic essential services that should be put in place to enable development to occur. Socio–economic development can be facilitated and accelerated by the presence of social and economic infrastructures. If these facilities and services are not in place, development will be very difficult and in fact can be likened to a very scarce commodity that can only be secured at a very high price and cost. Nigeria Public spending have been geared towards the provision of infrastructures and social services such as schools, hospitals, electricity, water supply etc, while economic activities such as deliberately establishing manufacturing and processing industries...show more content... Justifying the functional superiority of theories as guide post in all field of human endeavour, Onah(2003) argued that rather than base actions on judgment derived from guesswork or speculations, theories enables a chosen line of action to be anchored in and guided by evidence derived from specific scientific research which makes the consequences of such action fall in line with the intended direction as possible. In this paper, we anchor the effects of infrastructure on urban/rural development in the work of John Maynard Keynes, etc, before taking a look on selected sectors. One of the first systematic attempts to link infrastructure indirectly to poverty reduction was made by John Maynard Keynes in 1936. In The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money, Keynes argues that in an economy characterized by depression and market failure, high public expenditure is necessary to adjust the economy back to high levels of employment. This implies that high public investment in social and economic infrastructure would increase national income, employment and the welfare of people. This theory could be of practical importance in developing countries where the bulk of investment in infrastructure is owned and financed by government, and market mechanisms do not function properly. In these countries almost 70 per cent of infrastructure investments are Get more content

Disadvantages Of Rural Development

There is a lot of construction work have been carried out in the city. But the development of construction works in rural areas also increased. This is to explore the rural area which has potential or ability to become an attraction of our country. There are many advantages in rural development some of them are increasing in literacy rate, improve in transportation and road facility, water problems are solved, better improvement in power supply and also improving to live a better life. http://www.answers.com/Q

/What_are_the_advantages_of_rural_development One of the advantages in rural development is literacy rate is increasing in rural areas. The literacy rate of people in rural areas is poor if compare to the people who live in city. This is because there is less educational introduce in the rural areas. The rural areas are lack of educational because they do not have enough resources to construct educational building such as school. The children in rural areas should study to gain knowledge and get use of it. So, the advantage of rural development to the population is the literacy rate increase among the people in rural areas. When there is implementing of construction project, the most important building which must be constructed is school. This is to give convenient to the people to study and...show more content...

This is because some of the rural place still do not have roadway. They still using boat as their transport and their only excess is river. So, if implement the development in rural area, the transportation and road facility can be improved. For example, if there is a roadway, the people can use the motorcycle and car as their daily transportation. It is more convenient, easy and safer than using boat. In short, development of the transportation and road facility in rural area is important and simultaneously provide the advantages to the people who live in rural Get

The Development Of Rural Development

3.2 Rural Development

According to Oyeleye, D.A.(1987) he defines rural development as process in which development in social infrastructures such as better roads, water supply, electricity, schools and hospitals spreads out from the urban centres or communities and moves into the rural villages and communities.

Abumere S.I. (2002) stated that if rural development is defined as a means to help improve the physical, cultural, social and economic status or life of the rural people then that means that infrastructures such as roads, clean water, electricity, telecommunication and other facilities must be carefully planned and delivered to the rural people in a consistent manner. It doesn't matter whether these infrastructures are built from the urban centres and move into the rural areas or vice versa. The delivery mechanisms must be very consistent.

Inorder for any country to develope and progress both socially and economically, it must have the necessary infrastructures that are needed to facilitate such development, in both urban and rural areas of the country. However studies have shown that in most developing countries, rural areas/villages are mostly neglected therefore these rural areas don't have these basic infrastructures that are needed for development. Therefore there is a huge demand for building infrastructures into rural areas.

That is very true for Papua New Guinea where the bulks of the population live in the rural areas. The Gena villagers are one of the

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Rural Development Case Study

Case Study Of A Rural Development:

The Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III [pic]

By LEONILA TANYAG–CONRADO 2012

Table of Contents

Case Study Abstract

Introduction

Definition of Terms

Objectives

Project Beneficiaries

Analysis of the project

Development Framework

Expected Outcomes

Recommendation for Sustainability

Sources

CASE STUDY ABSTRACT:

This case details the implementation of Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III in the province of Quezon 1. The vision of writer is to initially determine the effect of the on–going implementation in the...show more content... It also includes the replication of Agrarian Information and Marketing Center (AIM–C),when and where feasible, to provide marketing assistance, information service, training and financing services to the ARBs.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Agrarian reform is defined to mean the redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement, to include the totally of factors and support services designed to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements alternative to the physical redistribution of lands, such as production or profit sharing, labor administration, and the distribution of shares of stocks, which will allow beneficiaries to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.

ARC Connectivity – is a new strategy wherein development in the ARCs will radiate to non–ARC barangays that will benefit more ARBs and communities. Each barangay will complement the development concept of the cluster barangays which is conceived to undertake agro industrial development endeavor focusing on production, processing, and marketing of products where they have competitive advantage.

AGRARIAN REFORM COMMUNITY (ARC) DEVELOPMENT – is an area focused intervention designed to propel and sustain national growth through a people centered, concentrated, holistic approach in community development.

Economic freedom is a term used in economics which