Psychology Magazine Heidy Vasquez
First part
Psychology approaches Cross-cultural approach Studies the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences. It is the scientific study of human behavior and mental process. Thrugh expanding research methodologies to recogniza culture variance in behavior, language, and meaning it seeks to extend and develop psychology.
Behavioral approach It is based on the concep of explaining behavior through observation, and in the belief that our environment is what causes us to behave differently Classical behaviorism: It holds that observable behaviors are the only phenomena a psychologist should be concerned with, because observation is requiredfor both obejctive intepretation and measurement. Methodological behaviorism: •
It is a normative theory about the scientific conduct of psychology
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It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior of organisms.
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Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information prodessing accounts of behavior.
Radical behaviorism: Employ what is known as experimental analysis of behavior
Biological approach It is the approach that looks at our genetics to build a reason as to why we act the way we do and why we develep abnormal behaviors The biological approach believes that mental illnesses are caused by: •
The brain
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Genetics
Cognitive approach Jean piaget believed that children born with a very basic mental structure on which all learning and knowledge is based. Components: •
Schemas
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Processes that enable the transition
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Stages: o
Sensorimotor
o
Preoperational
o
Concrete operational
o
Formal operational
Psychoanalytic approach Based on the belief that childhood experiences greatly influence the develop of later personality traits and psychological problems.
Humanistic approach This approach emphasize on subject meaning, a rejection of determinism, and a concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Humanists argue that an individual is capable to understand their own behavior. Humanistic approach studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. Humanism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected to their inner feelings and self-concept.
Evolutionary approach Studies how evolutionary ideas, such as adaptation and natural selection, explain behaviors and mental processes.
My personality Ver y de dic ate d per
Patie nt
I am a ver y pac ific
I am a ver y lov ely per
I love my fami ly and my fien ds
Reflection Approaches are useful to us because in that way we can know more about a person depending all the approaches, it is useful in little kids to get information about our students, in my personal opinion one of the most interesting approaches is the humanistic approach because it focus on the individual person. The personality test is a very interesting activity because we can know a lot about a person by doing that test but at the same time it is a very funny activity, this activity encourage us to think about us and who we really are, everybody is unique and different and everybody have different beliefs about who we are.
Second part
Fairytales Are types of short stories that typically features European folkloric, fantasy characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, witches, mermaids, or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments. Fairytales are loved by the children because despite all the angry, anxious thoughts, in his mind and any feeling, to which the fairytale gives body and specific context, these stories always results in a happy outcome, which the children cannot imagine on his own.
Wolf Conflict between controlling or letting one’s impulses free (devouring or not devouring) Conflict between aggression and superego (if he eats, the hunter will punish/ kill him) Oral needs dominance
Dwarf Fear of possible danger/ insecurity (may be a thief, witch kill them too) Coping with danger (they will kill the witch, ways of deceiving her, hide) Self-image (doubting their ability to help, concern about their small
Witch Dominance/ambitions. Selfimage (She is getting old, her magic power is diminishing, nobody loves her, she is ugly) low self-stem Mother-child relationship (mother image) Narcissistic feelings (she wants everyone to admire her) Sibling rivalry Fear of getting punished for
Giant Aggression Dominance Oral needs Self-image (he is ugly/ dumb/ nobody) Father-child relationship (rare) Sexual feelings (he wants to have a girlfriend)
Mother image Severity of superego (she begs mother to forgive her, she wants the story to end with “Card 1” because she deserves mother’s punishment) Conflicting between pleasure (playing, cuttings flowers) and moral restrictions (she must visit her sick grandmother) Fear of abandonment/ rejection Depression
Reflection Fairytales change our vision when we learn about what does each character means. the children maybe chose a character unconsciously but it has a meaning, it is useful to us as a teachers to know information about our students an how they feel. It is a creative way to get a lot of information