How does a Computerised Universal Testing Machine work?
A computerised universal testing machine (UTM) is a versatile device used to perform mechanical tests on various materials It is typically used in engineering, manufacturing, research, and quality control settings to evaluate the mechanical properties and behaviour of materials under different conditions.
Here's a general overview of how a computerised universal testing machine works:
1. Load Frame: The UTM consists of a load frame, which is a robust structure that holds the specimen being tested It usually has two main components: a fixed grip or support and a movable grip or crosshead The specimen is securely held between these grips
2. Load Cell: The load cell is a sensor located in the load frame. It measures the applied force or load on the specimen When the universal testing machine applies a force, the load cell detects the magnitude of the force and converts it into an electrical signal.
3 Displacement Measurement: The universal testing machine also includes a displacement measurement system It uses sensors, such as linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), to measure the movement or displacement of the crosshead. This allows the universal testing machine to determine the deformation or strain experienced by the specimen
4 Actuators: The UTM utilizes actuators, such as hydraulic or electric drives, to apply the desired force to the specimen These actuators can generate both tension (pulling) and compression (pushing) forces. The computerized system controls the actuators to apply the force at a specified rate or according to a predefined testing procedure
5. Control Software: The computerized universal testing machine is equipped with control software that interfaces with the load cell, displacement sensors, and actuators This software allows the user to set up and control the testing parameters, such as the force or displacement rate, test duration, and test type (e g , tension, compression, bending, etc.). The software records and analyzes the data collected during the test
6 Data Acquisition and Analysis: During the test, the universal testing machine continuously collects data from the load cell and displacement sensors. This data is transmitted to the computer through the control software. The software then processes and analyzes the data to generate useful information such as load-displacement curves, stress-strain curves, yield strength, ultimate strength, modulus of elasticity, and other mechanical properties of the material being tested.
7 Test Results and Reporting: Once the test is completed, the universal testing machine provides the user with the test results, which can be displayed on the computer screen or exported for further analysis The results often include numerical
values, graphs, and charts that illustrate the material's mechanical behavior under specific test conditions.
Final Word
A computerized universal testing machine works by applying controlled forces to a specimen while simultaneously measuring the load and displacement. It utilizes actuators, sensors, and software to control and monitor the testing process, collect data, and analyze the material's mechanical properties