Heartland Magazine Issue 38 February/March Edition

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All Advertisements and layout by Jeff Gibbs Š 2019 Heartland Magazine

From the Publishers What a month we have had here in the Heartland office. We have been inundated with people wanting to tell us their stories or their ancestors stories.

We asked on Facebook; “Do you have a story to tell? do you know a family member or friend that has a story of their life or an event in their life they would like to share.

We at Heartland Magazine would love to hear from you. Each month we publish stories of people’s lives for future generations and family members to keep and hold close to their hearts.

Remember, once you are gone - so are your memories. So please call us or email us, the details are below, and we would love to share your story with our readers as well as put your story in to a quality magazine for future generations.”

QUANTA LINES can help you with all your power needs large or small. Our friendly and experienced staff will assess your needs, and can design, construct and manage your project from start to finish.

Whether it’s moving a pole, upgrading your power supply, or full electrical infrastructure and telecommunications pit & pipe for a new subdivision or development, QUANTA LINES will provide the whole package.

Heartland on the Road

Well it worked and we have not only in this issue but the next one as well, some of the great stories that came to us through social media.

Marion Faulks Ballina and Heartland on P and O Pacific Jewel Cruise J 846 to Papua New Guinea. Marion receives Heartland from Ballina West Newsagency

If you have a story you would like published, simply email jeff@ heartlandmedia.com.au and we will definitely respond and get started on your story you would like to tell.

We would also like to thank the response we are getting from our new readers since we went nationally with the magazine, your emails, letters and phone calls are heartfelt, and we really appreciate your taking the time to say how much you are loving Heartland Magazine.

Also, since going nationally, our advertisers are reporting to us that they are selling their services and products outside of their towns and cities and loving the feedback as well-that means so much to us and we encourage our readers to continue to support our advertisers.

One of our favourite Heartland on the Road from Issue 23 Send us your picture with Heartland Magazine to jeff@heartlandmedia.com.au

We have already started working on issue 39 which is due from your Newsagents mid-March. Heartland Magazine is going to have some very special features in it, and this should be one of our largest Issues yet. The stories we have planned are amazing and we really have stepped up to give our readers the best Heartland Magazine yet.

Please Join us on Facebook & Twitter

Thank you again, please tell or show your friends about Heartland Magazine (but don’t lend them your copy).

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To all our readers, take care and we’ll be back next month.

Sharon & Jeff

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Heartland Magazine |

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February/March 2020 edition 38 PUBLISHED by Heartland Media 81 Walker Street, Casino NSW 2470 02 6662 6222 TO ADVERTISE in Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sharon Bateman at sharon@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222 TO TELL US YOUR STORY for Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sophie at sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222 Distribution If you would like to stock Heartland Magazine please contact our office on 02 6662 6222 or email jeff@heartlandmedia.com.au Heartland Magazine is distributed by

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Regulars 8

Farmer Sophie Adventures

10

Helen Trustum

46

Hall of Fame

48-49

Motoring History

50-51

Truck History

52-53

Motorcycle History

58

Do you remember?

60

Kids Page

64-65

Travel - Cairns

66-67

Let’s Cook

68

Natural Products

69

Beauty

70-71

Wines of the Month

78

Save the Date

79

Local Markets

80-81

Crosswords

© Heartland Magazine 2019. All material in Heartland Magazine is copyright.

No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Please contact us for further information if required.

www.heartlandmagazine.com.au ISSN 2652-337X (Online) ISSN 2652-3361 (Print) Special thank you to Helen Trustum Thank you to Denise Alison - Humans of Lismore, Maclean Historical Society, Uki Historical Society, Michael Cashman of Tamworth Historical Society and all of our contributors.

Heartland Media welcomes stories that are submitted via writing however we will publish them in their entirety and will not edit them in any way...some stories have tried to recreate events, locales and conversations from personal memories of them. In order to maintain their anonymity in some instances people have changed the names of individuals and places, or may have changed some identifying characteristics and details such as physical properties, occupations and places of residence. We do not take responsibility for the way the story reads or grammatical errors. We are simply transferring them from the heart.

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Once you are gone, your memories are gone with you. Let us tell your story and leave your history with your family and future generations to show you were here and the life you left behind. Call Heartland and let us tell your story in quality Call us on 02 6662 6222 or Email: sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au

The Heartland Team

Jeff - Co Founder Graphic Design & Layout

Sharon - Co Founder Sales

Sophie Writer & Research

Bella Security

Contents

22 20 21

42

35

26 28-31

40

Heartland Magazine |

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pets and should never be blindly trusted.

Courage is a powerful and sometimes a dangerous characteristic.

As a kid I was fearless, free and very naĂŻve. I would run around the farm feeling the dirt and cow crap between my toes, eating molasses until I had the worst tummy aches. Riding my bike and playing in the creek after helping Dad dip the cows and tip their horns. As an adult I am more cautious and logical occasionally taking well thought out risks with fashion. The little girl who got stuck under the fence had grown up into Farmer Sophie who approaches the bull, and life, these days with her dog and a bigger piece of poly pipe.

After a pleasant day in the office air conditioning, the hot dry summer heat of Casino hits me like a slap across the face from the sun itself. Struggling into the car oven and placing my hands on the stinging pink steering wheel cover, I decide to get out of the heat and go back to the farm to spend some time with my cows, cats and Bell my dog and right hand farm helper.

The drive home was different than it had been in previous weeks.

The hills had been painted with an almost fluorescent green colour and there was a calm sense of relief as the cows grazed inside their paddocks rather than the usual neck through the fence technique they had since adopted during the drought. Crawling to a stop at the bottom of the drive-way, Bell tells me it is in fact creek time and that I should grab a wine and go sit with her in the refreshing running water. My previous life in the city would have called this happy hour but until this moment I only truly realised that the creek was my new trendy bar, my dog was my bar keep and the hour I spent there was genuinely a happy hour.

After an afternoon of mowing the lawns around the house and pumping water to the house tank, which as normal, involved a burst pipe, I make my mum some dinner and head to bed.

Waking early to choose a skirt and stylish blouse, paint my face with make-up and wrap my hair into a high bun I leave for work and drive down the road only to find an early morning farm life challenge.

My beautiful Hereford bull, Hacksaw, was carrying on like a pork chop in front of my gate. It seemed he was talking to his mate on the other side of the gate which was the neighbours bull. Digging up the ground with his horns and hooves while bellowing loudly, my boy was determined to escape when I attempted to open the gate. With a little fear and some tenuous clapping, I try to chase him back toward the house away from the gate. Surprisingly he didn’t respond to my less then powerful command and I can only imagine what he thought of this blonde girl with a full face of make up in a pencil skirt, trying to tell him to go home.

Mid Richmond Plumbers and Suppliers The long history of Mid Richmond Plumbers and Suppliers began in 1960 as a partnership between Wilf Clark and Earl Scurr before forming the company in 1962. Today the company is operated by their sons Tony and Mark and covers all aspects of plumbing.

From tap washers to large commercial projects, roofing, gas work and maintenance as well as home sewerage treatment systems and annual maintenance programs for aged care. The company services areas from the Queensland border to Grafton as well as the Tablelands.

The team at Mid Richmond Plumbers and Suppliers care about their customers and take the time to listen. Built on 60 years of hard work and reliability, Mid Richmond Plumbers maintain and expand upon this experience into the future.

Mid Richmond Plumbers and Suppliers work hard to cover all aspects of plumbing and specialise across all fields with fully trained plumbers. This high quality personalised service leaves customers satisfied with no surprises from the 60 year old family owned company they can trust each time.

As much as I love the bull, I respect his power and size and decide not to play around with his current unpredictable mood. With no place to turn my car around I walk home to grab my dog and a piece of poly pipe. Upon return Bell successfully chases my bull up the hill freeing the way for me to get out.

Thinking about my early morning encounter on the drive toward Casino, childhood memories started flooding back from the time I wanted to pat the bull as a 5 yr. old, freckle faced little girl. I had wanted to get closer to the bull and decided to crawl under the fence which to my horror turned out to be an electric fence.

The zap from the fence was nothing compared to the punishment from Dad when he found me stuck under the wires. Somehow the lesson I learnt that day had remained with me for 26 years, reminding me that although the cattle were quiet, they were not Advertorial 8

| Heartland Magazine

From appendicitis to Nurse Manager From appendicitis to Nurse Manager, how one operation steered Leanne’s career

During her 36-year career, Leanne has become a multi-skilled nurse and educator, working across anaesthetics, recovery and as ‘scrub scout’, retrieving surgical instruments for the surgeon during a procedure.

Leanne Seiffert had never had anything to do with illness, let alone hospitals, before choosing nursing as a career.

As a young nurse, the excitement of being a part of big cases helped fuel Leanne’s passion for the job.

As luck would have it, within her first six months of training at Lismore Base Hospital, Leanne found herself on the other side of the equation, getting her appendix out.

“We used to get a lot of complex trauma cases come through, and quite a few where you’d have two teams operating at the same time in the theatre. Our theatres back then were so tiny, but it was amazing what you could do in those spaces.”

“I was here in the 1980s when we had the two very old theatres. In 1992 we moved into the new theatres, and we thought it was amazing to have such a big space with four theatres!

“In no time at all we’d outgrown it, and now, to move over to the new facility, it’s just amazing.”

Technology and infrastructure have changed a lot over the years, bringing benefits for patients as well as staff.

In the new LBH theatre complex, Leanne’s team are now working with the latest technology in state-of-the-art surroundings.

Leanne at work

“I came from a family who were quite healthy, and I had never actually set foot in a hospital,” Leanne said.

Born and bred in Lismore, Leanne credits her involvement as a Girl Guide with forming a caring outlook that drew her to nursing, but it was her first experience as a patient that taught her the true value of great nursing care.

“I had a fantastic Enrolled Nurse who looked after me,” Leanne said.

“With the new theatre and the vascular work that we do, we’re no longer opening up patients for major surgery. We can use non-invasive techniques and it means we can operate on patients who before you might have said were unfit for surgery.

“Now they can have that procedure and get a better quality of life.”

Even though she chose to stay close to home, Leanne said the possibilities for anyone going into nursing are endless.

“It gives you so many opportunities, there are so many different areas you can go and work in. You can continue to broaden your skills, and it’s a profession that can take you anywhere in the world.”

“During that stay in hospital I really got to learn how important it is to listen to your patients, and what you can actually do as a nurse to make their stay a lot better.”

Starting out as a junior Registered Nurse in 1984, Leanne worked her way up over the years, and is now the Nurse Manager of Lismore Base Hospital’s Peri-Operative Department, overseeing five surgical units including the Operating Theatres and Day Surgery.

Heartland Magazine |

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CLYDE AND DACIE CAMPBELL – LISMORE

Helen Trustum

My story starts with Clyde’s Grandfather Alexander – Alexander was born in 1833 on the Isle of Mull, Scotland.

He accompanied his parents to Australia as a young child where they settled at Goulburn. Upon leaving school he began working for Mr Flood for a number of years who owned a station on the Murrumbidgee where he eventually became manager. In 1858 Alexander married then they moved to the Richmond River district and settled on Tunstall Station which was owned by Mr Flood. Tunstall was later purchased by Alexander and continued to reside there until his death in 1875.

During Alexander’s life time he was an active worker and took part in all matters affecting the district, He was created a magistrate shortly after settling in the district and in connection with Mr Barnes of Dyrabba was the first settler to import Hereford cattle. Tunstall Station was at one time a very large property, originally taken up by Shaw and Leycester.

They were succeeded

by Mr Girard, who sold to Mr

Goodfellow from who Mr Flood bought the property.

Alexander’s son, Malcolm Lamont Campbell was born on Tunstall Station on 14th March 1875. He had to walk through the scrub to attend a private school at Coleman’s Point. In the nineties Malcolm selected a property at Tunstall now known as Tuncester where he lived for many years. This property (opposite the Tuncester School) is now owned by Neville Bryant.

Malcolm married Mary Jane Martin on 14th December 1906. Their - children Nellie, Heather, Flora, Clyde and Isabelle. At his stage Malcolm was working as a butcher in Lismore. In 1913 he was appointed manager of the Mullumbimby Co-operative Society a position he held for 8 years. He then accepted the Malcolm Campbell management of the Tweed River Butchering Co Ltd. He later returned to Lismore and managed the butchering business owned by Mr Irvin Somerville. He was well known throughout the Richmond and Tweed districts where he took an active interest in rifle clubs. He had competed successfully at Brisbane and Sydney meetings.

Malcolm and Jane moved to Casino Street, South Lismore two years before he died on 10th March 1936 and Jane (“Mum Mum” as she was known) died 13th April 1965.

Both buried in Lismore.

Clyde and Dacie’s Wedding 1/11/1934

Clyde John, Malcolm and Jane’s fourth child, was born 15th August 1908. Upon leaving school he began employment with his father for Somerville Butchery.

Clyde married Dacie Edwards on 1st November 1934. Their family; = Ian – 1936, Richard (Dick) – 1939, Ken – 1940 and Glenn – 1947. The Edwards Family are known for having the bus run in East Lismore.

Clyde entered the Army and on his return started the C.J. Campbell Real Estate on 21 Molesworth Street, Lismore.

Alexander Campbell 10

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

In 1948 Clyde and brother in law Bruce Johnston, purchased the business of Standard Sweets off A.L. Green and Co. who were in “The Markets” site at 19 Molesworth Street. This

business was along from the Northern Star building.

In 1960, Clyde’s son, Ian came into the business buying out Bruce Johnston, making Clyde and Ian partners. Then in 1968, son Glenn entered the business.

Ken, Ian and Dick watching their father Standard Sweets were row - 1951 around for many years until they moved to the Industrial Site, South Lismore in 1980.Standard Sweets was then taken over by sons Ian and Glenn. Dick and Ian remember the flood that hit Lismore in February 1954. Clyde, along with his sons Ian, Dick and Ken, Bruce Johnston, and local carrier Hughie Painter who was trying to get home but got trapped there with the Campbell’s, all spent the night up in the ceiling of the Standard Sweets after trying to lift stock up. The water was waist deep when a decision was made to go up into the ceiling of the building. A drum was place on a desk where they hauled themselves up. At one stage the group thought the tin on the roof would have to be removed as the water was rising that quickly. All there was to eat was sweets and Panda chips. Dick and Ian can remember the building shaking from the strong wind and the water rushing down out of Leycester Creek and surging up the Richmond Arm (now Wilsons River) with great force, taking with it the North Coast Steam Navigation Wharf .The Standard Sweets trucks were put on Fawcetts Bridge.

As boys Ian, Dick, Ken and Glenn loved attending the North Coast National helping their father show his Wired Haired Terriers beginning in 1948. Dick can remember Jimmy Mundine, one of the best pick up men you would see at the rodeo. Other men he can recall, is Mr Pescud with his famous trotting horse “Brusque”. He would attend all meetings through NSW but always turned up at Lismore with his famous horses. Also Charlie Langley a great man with his trotters and jumping horses.

Clyde - 1957

Clyde and Dacie - 1958

that is still thriving today.

Dick recalls at the time in 1957 Wally Bishop started selling vealers at the Lismore Saleyards.

This was Bishop and Company where Wally Bishop founded in 1948.

The vealers were sold in the pig pens. A start of a lucrative business, (the vealer trade),

In 1948 Clyde was elected unopposed to the Lismore City Council. After serving for several years as Deputy Mayor

he took over the mayoral chair on behalf of the then Mayor, the late Ald. Ray Granger. In December 1956 he was first elected Mayor.

This role as an Alderman lasted Clyde with Mayor of Yamato Takada - 1963 18 years with the Lismore City Council. During this time Clyde figured prominently in planning the city’s progress.

Noteable Achievements = The biggest project completed during Clyde’s term was the $422,000 sewerage augmentation scheme which began in 1955. Under this four year programme, the sewerage was extended to cover almost all the city’s population.

He saw the extension of Rocky Creek water and gas services to Goonellabah.

Established a sister-city link between Lismore and the Japanese city of YamatoTakeda. The idea was Bluett Award plaques on display at Old suggested by Lismore’s Father Lismore Council Chambers Paul Glynn who was one of the first westerners to begin rebuilding relationships with the Japanese after the Second World War ended. This agreement was signed in August 1963 during a visit by the YamatoTakada Mayor.

Official opening the Lismore City Hall in February 1965 by Sydney’s Lord Mayor, Ald H.F. Jensen. Watched by a crowd of 800 people, Ald. Jensen was piped to the main door by a Lismore City Pipe Band member. Before turning a gold key to open the door Ald. Jensen said briefly “May all who use this building find peace, joy, contentment, enlightenment and entertainment beneath its roof ”. The building was dedicated to Sir Winston Churchill.

The City Hall was built by local firm F. Bennett and Son and the architectural design by F.J. Board and Son. The building of the Ballina Street Bridge in 1963. The Ballina Street Bridge was opened on 7th September 1963 to relieve the congestion at the double bridges leading into the town.

Opening of the Browns Creek Car Park was opened in 1968.

Pipes were laid in Browns Creek and filled in by hand allowing a car park for the growing CBD. Although not finished in Clyde’s Mayoral time it was well and truly started. On 25th June 1980 the Browns Creek Car Park name was changed to the Clyde Campbell Car Park. A wonderful gesture in honour of a great man.

Promoted a University for Lismore but later agreed to a Teachers College.

Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 11

Dick, Glenn, Ian and Ken - 9/6/2018

Dick and Ian

TV channel 8 began TV broadcasts from Mt. Nardi and joined by ABC television in 1964.

Dick married Coral Grebert. Their family = Linda, Richard and Karen.

The pinnacle of local government achievement Dick began as a cane farmer at – The Bluett Award – was won twice by the Broadwater then a beef producer at Lismore City Council while Ald. Clyde Campbell Bagotville. All these years he was also in was a member. As Mayor he accepted the award Real Estate in Ballina then Alstonville. on the second occasion in 1964.

Dick was President of the Tintenbar Ian, Ken and Dick - 1943 Shire Council in 1974 and 1975 and Ald. Clyde Campbell resigned from the Lismore when Tintenbar Council merged with City Council 1st August 1966 at the age of 57, owing to health Ballina Council in 1976 to form the new Ballina Shire he reasons. He served continuously since October 1948. remain President. Dick and Coral are living on Pearces Creek Road Alstonville where he grows macadamia’s.

Clyde loved his rowing and would often be seen rowing on the Richmond. He was President of the Lismore Rowing Club for Ken married Shirley Bullock. Their family = Emma, Lucy many years. and Mia. Ken and Shirley with their girls lived for many years at Tabulam where he ran a very successful grazing property.

Clyde’s wife Dacie, was also very active in many aspects of They now live at Ballina. community life. She was a CWA branch vice-president and had been awarded 25 years long service badge also a life Glenn married Gloria Shoesmith. Their family = Mathew member of the Ladies Benevolent Society and Treasurer and and Karla. Glenn and Gloria first lived in Lismore with patron of many other Community organisations. Dacie took a their family when he was prominent role in civic functions during the years her husband with Standard Sweets, then served as mayor. on to a macadamia farm at Lindendale. They now live at Clyde and Dacie’s Family; Lennox Head.

Ian married Pam Brose. Their family = Greg, Dianne, Clyde, Alan and Peter. Ian first worked as an Auctioneer with Goldsbrough Mort at Cannon Hill in Brisbane then in Standard Sweets.

Ian has always had a great interest in poultry where he began showing Plymouth Rock’s around the local shows in 1946. He even travelled to Renaming Clyde Campbell Car Park - 25/6/1980 the Royal shows of Sydney and Brisbane. Ian took a break from showing during his time with Standard Sweets and began back in 1987. Ian can still be seen in the poultry pavilions with his Plymouth Rocks. Ian and Pam’s son Clyde, who has been battling Parkinson’s for 10 years has formed the Foundation “Shake it Up” with Michael J. Fox where together they has raised millions of dollars for the foundation.

Ian and Pam live at Dick and Coral at “Rosewood” - 31/10/2019 Howards Grass.

12 | Heartland Magazine

Clyde died on 29th July 1970 aged 61 years and Dacie died 30th November 1995 aged 85 years.

Ref; Taken from the files at the Richmond River Historical Society also Ian and Dick Campbell – Nov 2019.

Mary Jane Campbell

Dick with Standard Sweets stand at North Coast National - 1957

Mental Wellbeing Where to find mental health support?

Help is available Mental illnesses are so common in the Australian community, but many people do not seek any professional help. Mental illness is treatable, so seeking professional help is a good idea.

Your GP and Pharmacist If you need professional support, speaking with your local GP is a good place to start. Your GP can support you and provide treatment or refer you to other health care professionals for more help. By seeing your GP, you can find out whether you can access helpful support services that are funded by Medicare, such as counselling services.

Our Pharmacists are always available to talk about mental health concerns, and you can reach out to us at any time – you might be surprised at how we can help. Our Pharmacists can help: • • •

Discuss any concerns you have about medicines and side effects Help you find professional help, or find services and resources for help or support, including free services Assist with tools for making medication easier eg. to avoid running out or remembering when to take them Helping a friend People are more likely to seek help if someone close to them suggests it. If you are concerned about someone, but are not sure how to help, check out the R U OK? website for information on how to ask, and support resources: ruok.org.au Reach out to our Pharmacist anytime!

Bryan Low, a familiar face Bryan has been a pharmacist here at Scrivener & Webb for many years. He has years of experience having both owned and managed pharmacies in the past.

Bryan grew up in Griffith and studied Pharmacy at Sydney University before moving to Wollongong to start his pharmacy career. Then when an opportunity presented itself to purchase South Casino Pharmacy Bryan leapt at the chance to move his family to the Northern Rivers.

Bryan has four children, many grandchildren and a wonderful wife who enjoys to golf just as much as he does. He enjoys flying in his spare time and spending time with family.

He enjoys all aspects of community pharmacy and working closely with customers to ensure they receive the best health care.

Bryan is in store Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday to help with any enquires you may have, but not Tuesday as that’s his golf day. Drop in and say hello!

We have fully qualified nursing staff at Scrivener and Webb 4 days a week. Angela and Trish. If you have any medical questions come in and see our friendly staff as they would be more than happy to help you. They are specialised in many areas of the pharmacy including but not limited to: • Wound care • Compression stockings • Blood pressure • Blood glucose • Cholesterol • Diabetes Trish Doohan is a Registered Nurse as well as a midwife. She is at Scrivener and Webb Mondays and Thursdays 10-1pm and Saturday 9-12. She is available to answer any questions regarding baby issues plus weighing babies.

We are also a registered NDIS Provider.

Advertorial

Heartland Magazine | 13

1954 The Bend Casino Flood

ON THIS ROAD Called life,

You have to take the good with the bad, Smile when your sad, Love what you got, & remember what you had.

Always forgive, But never forget. People change.

Things go wrong. BUT just remember, the ride goes on.

Photos by Ken Eggins

14 | Heartland Magazine

Casino Water Tower As new communities popped up all over Australia and populations grew into sizes which supported country towns, many areas had to come up with solutions to supply the residents with the basic living essentials such as a source of electricity and water.

A water tower or reservoir is commonly seen throughout most larger towns and often becomes a recognisable heart of any communities survivals.

For the residents of Casino, the water tower is known as a local land-mark. It can be seen from the centre of town and it’s bright coloured lights are an established sight in the skyline of Casino.

The tower was rebuilt in 1938, inside the old reservoir taking over 400 tones of concrete and 80 tons of steel. At a cost of 31000 pounds, the reservoir stands at 90feet tall towering over Casino as a silent source of life for the whole community.

“Some people run from their problems; others run to them�

A very special & heartfelt thank you to all our fire fighters.

Heartland Magazine | 15

Concrete Posts and Pickets A solid fence can provide a solid future and with the assistance of Concrete Posts and Pickets, fencing becomes a job that is only done once because it is done properly. Based in Coraki, Concrete Posts and Pickets manufacture high grade concrete pre-stressed posts and strainer posts which will stand the test of time.

With over 60 years of experience and employing 40 locals, the factory comes with its own concrete plant on site. They use Australian made steel to re-enforce the pre-stressed drivable posts.

The posts are durable when being driven into the earth because of the flexibility of the prestressed materials used. These concrete fence posts contain no lime which means there is no rusting, leaving the property owner with a much longer fence life adding value to their overall property assets. As well as being seriously fire resistant and white ant proof, the posts will not rot off at ground level.

Bushfire Special Posts starting from $ 13.00 inc gst.

Strainer posts starting from $ 37.12 inc gst.

Concrete Posts and Pickets is a locally owned business which supplies to all areas. Their patented products are helping to give property owners a sense of peace with the knowledge that the concrete posts will combat the usual threats to wooden or metal fence posts. As customers

The team at Concrete Posts and Pickets stand behind their product 100% and have tested the posts extensively to ensure they are providing the highest quality to their customers. As part of testing, concrete posts have been emblazed in a 45min bonfire which resulted in the concrete posts standing solid through the ordeal.

Concrete Posts and Pickets Posts will survive the worst fires and conditions for generations to come.

Advertorial 16 | Heartland Magazine

Concrete Posts & Pickets Bushfire Special

purchase the concrete posts, they are ensuring that they are investing into the longevity of their fences as well as the future of their property value. The affordability of the product allows customers to develop other areas of their property while knowing their investment is safe and secure having had the fencing job done properly.

The solid and dependable experience and knowledge shared through the team at Concrete Posts and Pickets, guarantees the same in their fence posts. Doug Leadbeatter, National Sales Manager and John Mazzer, Sales, are passionate and focused on helping communities be at their strongest. Australians are tough and are resilient, so it only makes sense to make our property fences with the same strength and integrity.

To speak to Concrete Posts and Pickets Email sales@concreteposts.net or phone John Mazzer in business hours on 0417 442 780

Posts starting from $ 13.00 inc gst.

Strainer posts starting from $ 37.12

inc gst.

• • • • • • • •

Australian Made Pre-Stressed Will not rust 100% Tested Fire Proof Property Investment Patented Aussie Tough

Australian Made, Australian Guaranteed and Australian Tough

Always remember good fences make good neighbours!

John & Doug from Concrete Posts & Pickets Advertorial Heartland Magazine | 17

New Community Recycling Stations now available Kyogle Council’s two new Community Recycling Stations are now available at Kyogle Public Library and Bonalbo Community Hall.

Recycling tricky household waste just got easier with the installation of new Community Recycling Stations by both Richmond Valley and Kyogle Councils in partnership with North East Waste.

In Richmond Valley, residents can drop off household batteries, smoke detectors and mobile phones at stations located at two council offices: Casino Administration Office, 10 Graham Place, Casino Evans Head Administration Office, 19-25 Woodburn St, Evans Head In Kyogle, residents can drop off fluoro globes, eyeglasses, and ink cartridges as well as household batteries and mobile phones. The stations are located at: Kyogle Public Library, Stratheden St, Kyogle Bonalbo Community Hall, 4 Koreelah St, Bonalbo The stations are a convenient and FREE way to recycle or dispose safely of items, which cannot be placed in household recycling bins and should never be sent to landfill.

Batteries in particular, are a problem with an estimated 46 tonnes ending up in landfills across the Northern Rivers every year, where they can cause fires and leach polluting chemicals.

Richmond Valley Council Trainee Corinna Sawyer, dropping off some batteries at the new Casino Community Recycling Station.

U s i n g re-chargables is always the best option for reducing battery waste but when you do need to dispose of batteries, just drop them at your nearest Community Recycling Station for FREE. They will be processed here in Australia and most of the extracted materials are used to make new items such as mobile phones.

Batteries, smoke detectors and fluoro globes along with other household problem wastes (up to 20L or 20kgs) including paints, gas bottles, car batteries and oils can also be dropped off for FREE at one of the regions larger Community Recycling Centres located at: Nammoona Waste Facility, Dargaville Drive, Casino Kyogle Waste Facility, Runnymede Road, Kyogle For more information on what can be recycled at your local Community Recycling Centres, contact your council or visit http://www.epa.nsw. gov.au/recyclingcentres This project is a NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Waste Less Recycle More initiative funded from the waste levy.’

18 | Heartland Magazine

The Explanation of Life On the first day, God created the dog and said, sit all day by the door of your house and bark at anyone who comes in or walks past. For this I will give you a life span of twenty years.

The dog said, “That’s a long time to be barking. How about only ten years and I’ll give you back the other ten?”

And God said that it was good.

On the second day, God created the monkey and said, “Entertain people, do tricks, and make them laugh. For this, I’ll give you a twenty-year life span.”

The monkey said, “Monkey tricks for twenty years? That’s a pretty long time to perform. How about I give you back ten like the dog did?”

And God again said that it was good.

On the third day, God created the cow and said, “You must go into the field with the farmer all day long and suffer under the sun, have calves and give milk to support the farmer’s family. For this, I will give you a life span of sixty years.”

The cow said, “That’s kind of a tough life you want me to live for sixty years. How about twenty years, and I’ll give back the other forty?”

And God agreed it was good.

On the fourth day, God created humans and said, “Eat, sleep, play, marry and enjoy your life. For this, I’ll give you twenty years.”

But the human said, “Only twenty years? Could you possibly give me my twenty, the forty the cow gave back, the ten the monkey gave back, and the ten the dog gave back; that makes eighty, okay?”

“Okay,” said God, “You asked for it.”

So that is why for our first twenty years, we eat, sleep, play and enjoy ourselves. For the next forty years, we slave in the sun to support our family. For the next ten years, we do monkey tricks to entertain the grandchildren, and for the last ten years, we sit on the front porch and bark at everyone.

Life has now been explained to you.

There is no need to thank me for this valuable information. I’m doing it as a public service. If you are looking for me, I will be on the front porch!

Drought is something that is becoming more of a problem, but why does it happen?

A drought can start in as little as two weeks, but can last for years. There are many ways that a drought can start, and in today’s article we’ll learn what these are. We’ll also learn about the effects of drought.

1. Glantz and Wilhite categorized drought in their 1985 study. According to them drought is described in 4 different ways: a) Meteorological drought – when a region experiences a prolonged dry period b) Agricultural drought – a lack of precipitation which is below what plants require. Can also occur due to soil erosion and when soil conditions changes. c) Hydrological drought – a precipitation shortfall that leads to rivers, lakes, and reservoirs becoming low. d) Socioeconomic drought – how economic goods, like water, food, grains, fish, and hydroelectric power, depend on weather. The demand for these increases with the human population.

Recently a 5th category was defined as: Ecological drought – a deficit in natural water supplies that affects multiple ecosystems.

2. Almost 70% of the world is water, but only 2.5% of this is freshwater. Only 1% of freshwater is accessible, while the remaining 99% is ice and snow. In actuality, just 0.007% of the world’s water is available to us as drinking water.

• Estate Planning • Succession Planning • All Business & Commercial Matters • Conveyancing in NSW NSW && QLD QLD • Employment

The human population is currently around 7.5 billion people and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the year 2100. We need water for crops as well as for fuel. If we are struggling to cope now, how will we manage in 2100?

• •

3. According to the Guinness Book of Records, the worst drought happened in China between 1876-79. Estimates are that between 9 and 13 million people died in Northern China when the rains failed to come for 3 whole years.

• •

Around the same time in India (1876-78), around 5 million died when the monsoon rains didn’t come for 2 years.

•

4. The Food Security Risk Index evaluates the risk to staple food supplies from affects like drought, floods, and poverty. Sub-Saharan countries are currently at most risk, partly due to their susceptibility to drought and the terrible affects it has on food supplies.

7. The most costly natural disaster in U.S. history is said to be the droughts of 1987-89. They affected just 36% of the country and hit the West Coast, Northwest, and northern Great Plains the worst.

The National Climate Data Center (NCDC) estimate that the solely the 1988 drought cost almost $62 billion in damages. The forest fires were particularly devastating with 793,880 acres of Yellowstone National Park being damaged.

The park was actually closed for the first time in its long history.

• •

• •

•

5. One of the worst droughts in the U.S. happened during the 1930s. It was dubbed the “Dirty Thirties”, due to the giant dust clouds that covered the plains. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) say around 50,000,000 acres of land were affected by the lack of rainfall and poor soil management practices. By removing the native prairie grasses and plants, nothing binded the soil together, and it was free to blow away in the wind.

8. In 2018 Cape Town, South Africa, experiencing its worst ever drought. Three years of continual low rainfall are the cause. The 6 local dams and reservoirs sit at just 24% capacity and desperately await the winter rains. To make matters worse, the bottom 10% of the dams are deemed unusable.

Levels sat at almost 90% before the drought hit, and have diminished rapidly.

6. We’ve learned about the causes of drought, but what are the effects of drought?

• • • • • • •

Industrial Company Land & Environment Local Government Partnerships Criminal Mediation

Water shortage Land erosion – this can cause the dust bowls mentioned in no.5 Decreased crop yields Famine – this is a consequence of the decreased crop yields Malnutrition Illness – people are forced to use unsanitary water.

Dehydration Wildfires – dry conditions are perfect for starting fires.

War – a lack of resources is often what starts wars.

Animal migration

continued page 59

• • • • •

Deceased Estates Work, Health & Safety Testamentary Trusts Liquor Licencing Family Law

Heartland Magazine | 19

Akubra Akubra Believed to be derived from an Aboriginal word meaning head covering, the Akubra hat has become an Australian icon which says a lot about our culture, weather and lifestyle. The humble beginnings of the Akubra company and the wide brimmed hat so many have come to love, started with an English immigrant by the name of Benjamin Dunkerly.

Coming to Australia in 1874, Benjamin had experience as a hatter from his time in Stockport England.

In 1876 he established the Kensington Hat Mills in Glenorchy Tasmania with David Glenhill. The business grew and employed 30 workers producing 750 hats a week.

Unfortunately, despite the growth the company was bankrupt in 1879.

Dunkerly re-established the company in 1885 with H.J Hull after the bankruptcy restrictions were lifted. In 1892 he invented and registered a fur cutting machine which improved production and made the work much easier. Through the machine’s success, Dunkerly travelled to Manchester England to patent the machine.

In 1893 the patent was granted however in the meantime he also travelled to New York and sent an application back to Victoria Australia which resulted in Dunkerly being granted all three countries. He also took out another patent in England with partner James Dugdale for a machine which helped in making hat bodies.

Ending his partnership with Hull, Dunkerly moved to Melbourne before moving to Sydney where he set up a hat making factory in Crown Street Surry Hills. In 1901 Stephen Keir migrated to Australia from Manchester England and began working for Dunkerly in 1904 before marrying Ada Dunkerly, Benjamin’s daughter in 1905.

By 1911 Dunkerly Hat Mills Pty Ltd was registered with 7

20 | Heartland Magazine

shareholders and 19 employees with Stephen Kerr as managing director and Arthur P. Stewart as chairman. Stewart sold the hats from the York Street store as well as distributing to other retailers throughout the city.

The brand name Akubra came when Stewart registered the name on the 7th of August 1912. The name has been used ever since this time. Throughout WW1 the company produced rabbit fur slouch hats to the Australian armed forces. In 1919 the company relocated to a bigger premise at Bourke Street Sydney.

By 1920 the company employed hundreds of workers but when the depression began the demand for hats was on the decline.

A 10 percent wage cut was necessary to keep the company in business. With the outbreak of WW2 business picked up with the company once again producing the slouch hats for the armed forces. The workers who enlisted in the army had their normal civilian wages preserved by the company to augment their military pay. In 1950 Akubra won the licence to produce Stetson hats.

The company had grown so large that in 1974 it was necessary for Akubra to relocate to a larger premise in Kempsey. Stephen Keir retired in 1952. Taking his place was his son Herbert. His second son, Stephen Keir II, served as General Manager and succeeded his brother as Managing Director in 1972. His son, Stephen Keir III, became Managing Director in 1980. Following the retirement of Stephen Keir III in 2007, his son Stephen Keir IV became Managing Director. The company is still a family concern.

Australia’s First Sanctioned Air Mail Flight Australia’s First Sanctioned Air Mail Flight The development of Australia has been at times very difficult due to the isolation of many smaller townships in relation to the larger cities.

Although Australia had a growing railway infrastructure, many of the lines were not connected and communication between the states was proving difficult with transport via road being at times very slow or not possible due to wet weather. The Postmaster-General posted two advertisements for tenders relating to delivery of mail in 1911 and the second in 1916.

In the 1913 the Lynn family was awarded the contract to carry mail between Glen Innes and Grafton six days a week.

This was the first period in Australia when vehicles replaced horse and carriages.

In 1916 Mayor of Lismore, Alderman C McKenzie, contacted the PostmasterGeneral through, Walter Massy-Green, Federal Member for Richmond, about a trial mail flight. In 1918 Mr James who was the state minister in charge of Richmond Flying School expressed to the Sydney Morning Herald his thoughts on using aeroplanes for commercial purposes in Australia.

Walter Lynn

The arrival of the Avro 504K aeroplane in Lismore brought more pressure onto the Postmaster General’s Department to approve the trial flight. The plane arrived with pilot, Lieutenant Frank Roberts, engineer WH Nicholson and mechanic T Bissell. Around this time the Royal Mail Contractors, Walter and James Lynn, asked Lieutenant Frank Roberts if he would like to be a part of the first official mail flight in Australia.

On Tuesday, 22nd June 1920 the Lismore Municipal Council discussed the proposed offer made by the aeroplane people to bring the mail free of charge, provided the flight was sanctioned.

The Chamber of Commerce meeting was on the same day beginning at 8pm at James Lynn the AMP Chambers. In attendance was Lieutenant Frank Roberts, AP Thompson, Mr Jolly, WF McDermott, JH Frith, J Quilty, FW Lance, EH Scott, H Aust, J Cohen, WR Miles, EA Parker, TS Clark.

Following these meetings and the Lismore Council and Chamber of Commerce joint efforts, there was a lot of pressure on government members who held senior positions. Although there is no record, the Lynn brothers and Lieutenant Roberts approached the PostmasterGeneral’s Department directly to gain permission for a trial air mail run between Lismore, Casino and Tenterfield. The request was denied so the Lynn brothers and Lieutenant Frank Roberts found further support. The trial flight was given the go ahead after the Lismore Chamber of Commerce asked the Richmond Federal Member, Sir Walter Massey-Greene, who at that time was Minister for Trade and Customs, to contact the Postmaster-General.

Walter and James asked the public to prepare mail for the trial flight and requested endorsement ‘Per Lynn Bros. Aerial Mail’ which resulted in a lot of the early letters having this on the envelope.

Saturday the 26th of June 1920 was the day of the trial flight. The letters were processed through the post office as per usual at Walter and James Lynn changing places at Casino Lismore post office before the aeroplane left Lismore with a mail bag containing 8,000 letters.

The pilot, Lieutenant LF Roberts was taken to the plane at 2.30pm, with the mail bag. With the arrival of the plane into Casino Walter Lynn changed places with his brother James who can be seen holding the Casino bag containing around 450 letters. It was Walter’s son Les Lynn who transported the mail to the plane in Casino.

The Tenterfield mail drop is believed to be the first mail drop in Australia. This entailed the man in the plane physically dropping the small bag of mail from the plane while still in the air to land on the post office for timely collection.

Lieutenant Roberts explains in his address to Lismore Chamber of Commerce that they were trying to use the opportunity to cover as many aspects of mail Pilot Lieutenant Frank Leonard Roberts delivery as possible based on how mail drops were carried out in England. The plane dropped the mail in time for it to make the North West mail train from Sydney.

The mail was then sorted on route while the train was travelling.

The success of the trial flight was recognised throughout the community and ultimately lead to further developments in commercial passenger flights and the mail delivery system. It was an exciting time for the region with faster communication allowing growth and advancement. The benefits for business as well as personal needs were greatly felt and continued into the development of the systems we have today.

2020 marks the 100 year anniversary of the event which will be celebrated with a re-enactment. This will give the public a better understanding of how important this event was and a greater appreciation for the history within our area. The event will hopefully encourage other communities to share similar events which could possibly create a heritage trail linking our communities together Mail transfer to the train through history.

Heartland would like to thank the Lynn Family and Geoff Wotherspoon for sharing their knowledge and stories. We encourage anyone with pictures or anything else relating to Australia’s first sanctioned air mail flight to contact our office or David and Louise Cameron-dlcam@bigpond.com

Heartland Magazine | 21

REMARKABLE DISCOVERY OF PEACE MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE We have all watched the romantic movies that tell the stories of a message in a bottle washed up on shore, after years of bobbing about in the ocean currents, only to find its way into the hands of destiny.

This is a true story of a message in a bottle, and it is far from romantic.

Written in 1940, during a time of chaos and war, could this Light Horseman who fought in the Battle of the Somme, Colin Ellis, have known that his very personal and incredibly powerful message would wind up in the hands of his only Grandson, Rory Ellis, nearly a century on?

And there are no safer hands than that of Australian Musician, Rory Ellis, to convey his

Grandfather’s message to the world. And what better way than through song, the universal language.

This astonishing story begins in February 1940, when Colin Ellis, in conjunction with Joe Eagles, penned and placed the letter is a whiskey bottle and cemented it into the Church Street Bridge in Melbourne, whilst carrying out repair works on the bridge.

Ellis said the natural thing for him to do, was to write the song, “The Letter”.

“After 30 years of recording and performing throughout the world, it was my way of sharing my Grandfather’s message in the only way I know how….to put his words into a song” said the singer/ songwriter.

“The Second World War was being fought at the time. The blue-collar worker was also fighting for his rights back at home. This letter echoes so poignantly their thoughts, which are even more relevant today”said Ellis “When you read these powerful words, you realise nothing has changed. Today, we still all long for the same thing….almost a century on” During repair works on the bridge 71 years later, two workers, Paul Bladowski and Grant Inkster, remarkably discovered the bottle, buried within the concrete.

Bladowski, was jackhammering into the bridge and unearthed the long-buried letter.

Mr Ellis and Mr Eagles wrote in the 1940 note that they hoped the struggles of the war would be over by the time the letter was found.

“We close this with the hope that the workers are enlightened when this is found and that there is peace on earth and good will to man” the letter said.

“I was jackhammering a little higher than shoulder height, when all of the sudden the jackhammer went into a void in the wall about 3 or 4 inches very easily, then I felt glass pieces hitting my chest. At closer inspection there were papers rolled up inside of a whisky bottle!” Bladowski remembered.

This bottle was placed here on the above date, by Joe Eagles and Colin Ellis ‘Plasterers’ who have been repairing the cement work of this bridge since November 1939.

Inkster also clearly remembers the amazing discovery, saying the old bottle held more secrets, that would never be revealed.

“In the bottle were two other small documents…a conscription notice which crumbled and basically dissolved as we tried to remove the contents, and the third one was even more fragile” Inkster added.

“I wish this very cool story we have at hand gives an eternity of inspiration, and I hope some generations (not so far down the track), get to see the old boys’ wish of enlightenment, peace on earth and goodwill to mankind.”

The surviving letter took seven years to find Ellis, through word of mouth and mutual associates. He said the letter, written in the midst of war and turmoil, held great meaning to him personally.

“It’s quite incredible how they found me. It took some years, and I just wanted to say thank you to all for bringing it home” said Ellis. “I hold fond memories of the stories my father told of how Grandfather was a man who believed in fair rights for workers, and would often be found in his back yard sharing an ale with The Late Bob 22 | Heartland Magazine

Hawke and The Late Arthur Calwell”

https://www.heartlandmagazine. com.au/news/remarkablediscovery-of-peace-message-in-abottle/ 8th February, 1940

The gauge of material used has been two parts of sand to one of cement. The work was supervised by Mr Williams of the Prahran Council. We both have appreciated his cooperation, and his conditions of employment. The world war is on at present brought about by the capitalist section of the world to maintain a rotten system.

We hope when this bottle is found that the workers of the world will be getting a much more equal share in natures gifts, and the wealth they produce for the class that prioritise them and thieves.

Even to the extent of murdering each other. To protect wealth they do not share in. The capitalists call it war, not murder.

We close this with the hope that the workers are enlightened when this is found and that there is peace on earth and good will to man.

Written by Colin Ellis and Joe Eagles

TAMWORTH HISTORY EARLY POLICING IN TAMWORTH The coming of the Australian Agricultural Company to Peel’s River in 1834, their headquarters originally at “Killala” (Calala), eventually brought the first law-and-order appointments, but only over the large AA Company land grant. William Hardy (1842) was their first recorded constable.

This police establishment was relocated in 1872 to a block of land between Rawson, Fitzroy and Carthage Streets, with Garland’s residence being at the now heritage-listed 76 Fitzroy Street.

By 1938 the Marius Street Police Station had been opened, now extending into Fitzroy Street West Tamworth Police Stations have been variously located over the years in Ebsworth, Crown and Gipps Street, and finally at 89 Belmore Street, now a private home.

Photo caption Superintendent Garland’s police headquarters, previously the Royal Hotel, located where the Target store is today.

TAMWORTH NEWS FROM YESTERYEAR

With NSW divided into 9 law-enforcement areas in 1839, Tamworth eventually became the HQ for one of the “judge-and-jury” Commissioners for Crown Lands, the post being filled in 1842 by Edward Mayne who had previously relocated from Murrurundi and Somerton. He was soon followed in this position by Frances Allman (1843) and Roderick Mitchell (1846). They were responsible for policing a huge area north of the Liverpool Range through their Border Police force.

Quoting from William Telfer Jnr’s very revealing “Wallabadah Manuscript” document (the original now held at the UNE) - “Mitchell was the first to organise native police. He enlisted seven aboriginals as mounted police. When mounted and in uniform, they looked very martial with their drawn swords. The leader ‘Flash Harry’ looked every inch a soldier. He was over 6 feet high.”

Tamworth’s first Chief Constable under Mitchell was David Lundon (1847). With Mitchell’s establishment where Eastpoint Supermarket is now located, the Police Barracks were nearby at the site of the current McDonald’s East Restaurant.

Eventually a Liverpool Plains Crown Lands District was formed in 1851, with the highly respected James Dwyer in charge of all Tamworth-based police, answerable to Roderick Mitchell. They covered a huge area from Ardglen to Guyra, out to Warialda and Moree and back across up the Mooki to Ardglen. Again from the Wallabadah Manuscript - “Mr Dwyer was the Chief Constable at Tamworth with only two police, They were well acquainted with the bush and many a chase they had after horse stealers and other criminals and, making great captures. Mr Dwyer was a clever bush detective. He was always on the lookout for wrongdoers. His name was a terror to them.”

By 1853 Dwyer had a staff of 5 policemen, with 2 additional mounted men to provide a gold escort from Nundle to Tamworth. So valued was Dwyer’s service that he was afforded a Testimonial Dinner after only 4 years, being presented with a gold watch and a purse of 84 sovereigns. He died in 1868 of “colonial Fever” (probably typhoid) and is buried in the West Tamworth Cemetery. What a pity that his fallen gravestone had almost disappeared from view when chanced upon by myself a few years back.

Dwyer was replaced in 1862 when a Northern Police District was formed under the first Superintendent James Garland, the HQ being the previous Royal Hotel at 373-377 Peel Street (now Target). Garland and his wife and 11 children lived on the upstairs floor, with police offices and single police accommodation downstairs.

24 | Heartland Magazine

What better to be reading this edition of the Tamworth Times, especially this local history section! You may not realise this is actually the 5th Tamworth Times newspaper over the years, the first by that name (Tamworth Weekly Times) starting way back in 1873. Then we had the Tamworth Times commencing 1911, another short-lived publication, printed weekly and later twice a week on pink paper at what is now 282 Peel Street. Then, 70 years later, another Tamworth Times, a 24 page weekly publication, started by editor Frank Crosling with a small office and 6 paid employees near the Goodies Hotel in Brisbane Street. This was Tamworth’s first free paper, like the one you are now reading. Following this was the Tamworth City Times, another 24-pager from 1988. And finally, today’s Tamworth Times, incorporating the Tamworth Independent, which commenced in 2000 opposite the City Sider Motel in Marius Street, and now under the umbrella of the Northern Daily Leader.

Before Tamworth had its own newspaper, we would be getting news up to a week old from the Sydney Morning Herald, transported from Sydney in the 1840’s. Needless to say this would not include any local news coverage. However, with the commencement and availability of the Maitland Mercury from 1843, there was significant coverage of Tamworth events, our town having strong connections with Maitland and Morpeth. Armidale beat Tamworth to the punch (doesn’t happen very often!), having its own newspaper from 1856 (The Express), but their paper provided little Tamworth coverage.

But then, in April 1859, we published our first newspaper, The Examiner, first based in Fitzroy Street, then at today’s 300 Peel Street, and finally next to the Police Station of those times, where Target is now located. The Examiner had an 8 page format with 4 columns to a page and plenty of advertisements. The weekly paper sold for 1 shilling or 30 shillings per year’s subscription. With Tamworth’s population at the time being only around 500, editor James Gallagher relied heavily on extra sales at the Rocky River and Nundle goldfields. Unfortunately, the only copies that survive from its 1859-1872 existence are some from the first 5 years, now held in the Mitchell Library.

In 1872 a rival Tamworth News was set up, which eventually led to both Gallagher and the Examiner’s demise over a libel court case.

The previously well-credentialled Gallagher came to a sorry end, coming before the court to be declared bankrupt, too intoxicated to take the oath! He moved from Tamworth to Inverell, then to Armidale where he died, bankrupt, in the Armidale Gaol. I don’t know how Rupert Murdoch would have fared in those days!

By 1875 a third newspaper had emerged - The Tamworth Observer, under the leadership of George Hooke, who had previously worked for the Examiner. It started in a small bark humpy at today’s 286 Peel Street, a weekly publication of 4 pages at sixpence per copy.

Pro-selector and anti-squatter, Hooke was criticised for writing with a pen “dipped in nitric acid”, which ultimately led to libel action,

causing the paper’s demise.

Stay Sharp with Loz

Various other newspapers surfaced over the years, the majority shortlived, including - Tamworth Guardian - 1870; The Free Selector - 1874 (4 years); Tamworth Advocate - 1889 (1 year); Tamworth Daily Observer - 1919; The Weekly News - 1928 (4 pages, twopence).

Since an early age Lauren Gibbs has been inspired by the beauty in the world and was always styling and experimenting with hair. This passion grew over time and since leaving school, Lauren has trained and honed her skills as a professional hairdresser. Working in the industry for 5 years, Laurens determination to build her own business has been a wonderful journey and has led to the first steps of having her own business with Stay Sharp with Loz being born 6 months ago.

After trading for 11 years, the Tamworth Daily Observer merged into our highly regarded and easily longest-serving local newspaper, The Northern Daily Leader, which got underway in 1921 where Target is now located, as the only daily newspaper in North-West NSW, the chief news provider, being well before the advent of TV and local radio, not to mention today’s digital world. By 1925 the NDL had moved to the recently renovated corner of Brisbane and Marius Streets, then lately to the present location in Bourke Street.

In recent times we had the Tamworth Advertiser (1967), Tamworth City Free Press (1988), Advertiser & City Trader (1994) and Tamworth & District Independent (2000), the latter the forerunner of the Tamworth Times you are (hopefully) still reading.

Perhaps in the future our next local newspaper may be “The Tamworth Historian”, but only if you spread the word about these articles.

(Then again I might be biased !) Next week - Early Tamworth Entertainers.

Lauren has a gift with hair colouring and provides a very personal service, listening and understanding her clients needs, while taking the time and care to deliver the best possible results. Mastering some of the more challenging colour requests, Lauren specialises in blondes and balayage’s as well as stylish short cuts, refreshing a client’s look with an updated modern twist.

All colour services include toner, shampoo, cut, blow-dry and style so clients can enjoy their fresh hair before even getting up from the chair.

Currently Stay Sharp with Loz is working alongside Stevie renting a chair at Rapture Hair in the Hunter Valley which is conveniently located 66-68 High Street, Greta. Arriving at your appointments is a stress free experience with the easily accessible nature of the salon. The salon is newly renovated and has a very relaxed feel in keeping with the regions wine country and cultural surrounds.

Stay Sharp with Loz caters for men and women as well as children and seniors. Together with her hair colouring services, Lauren also offers regular cuts and styles to suite what her clients require. Lauren loves what she does and relishes the joy that her clients express when she has completed their new do. Her approach to her work differs from others because she really listens to what her clients want. Stay Sharp with Loz leaves customers with a beautiful smile to match their beautiful hair.

The front page of the first edition (April 13, 1859) of Tamworth’s very first newspaper - The Tamworth Examiner. Very big on ads in those days!

Submitted each month by Mike Cashman - Tamworth Historical Society © 2020 Heartland Magazine

66-68 High Street, Greta

p: 0423 664 889

Advertorial Heartland Magazine | 25

To My Country, From An Expat

The place I’m from is far away She’s wide and flat and brown When looking at a globe she’s just The one Under and Down

Traveling a while We’ll nod and say g’day and then We’ll share a knowing smile

Environmental sense Just think of the economy Don’t focus on science

You see we know it matters really Not that much at all If England takes The Ashes home Or World Cup hopes are small

Now’s not the time to talk about Our planet getting hotter Or fire seasons lengthening Or folks who don’t have water

Perhaps we won’t get quite as many Medals as the Yanks At Wimbledon we might not have A top ten in the ranks

It’s sad we’ve lost some good people A firey or three At least they all died knowing we’ve A healthy GDP

Cuz we’ve still got the greatest gift A wonder all its own A paradise of sand and sun We get to call our home

I mustered that old Aussie pride But to my disbelief Discovered only anger there And overwhelming grief

I think about her often and That feeling comes along That warm familiar pride that tells me She’s where I belong

We say we love our country but That leaves a bitter taste Our apathy to climate change Should make us feel disgraced

She understood I had so much I needed to explore And that I would return, for she Had seen my kind before

…And Crowded House comes on in some Strange far flung foreign bar My eyes sting for a moment. Man, Sometimes I do feel far.

We’re so concerned with digging up That black stuff from the ground Myself I’d rather half a Billion animals around

And thus I ventured out and joined An ignominious posse Of dreamers living far from home: Expatriated Aussies

The purpose of these verses though Is not to hear me muse It’s what I saw this morning when I opened up the news

The streets of Brooklyn, London’s Eye, An Indonesian Sizzler Cafes in Paris, Clubs in Rome Or every shop in Whistler

My heart stopped for a second and My throat became too tight Her name was in the headlines and She didn’t look alright

You hear our voices far and wide Like members of a club Fanning out across the world Quite often in a pub

I had to sit, I couldn’t quite Believe my own two eyes She looked unrecognizable I’d never seen those skies

We smile when people mimic us Quote Crocodile Dundee To them we sound absurd. I guess, We do to a degree

That’s not the place I grew up in That’s not what I remember Bushfires never started up so Early as September

They talk about the snakes and sharks As if it’s some big fuss “I couldn’t live down there”! they say We say that’s fine by us

It’s much too much to fathom that Your homeland has succumbed To such a horror. And they say The worst is yet to come

Somehow the months turn into several Trips around the sun Yet that tie to the motherland’s As strong as on day one

I stare as they evacuate And watch as children choke Our New Zealander neighbours now Are coughing on our smoke

They’re sending in their clothes and food To those who’ve lost it all The kids are even raising cash With cupcakes at a stall

Regardless though, how far away I happen to have wandered I’ll always check to see who won The Hottest of the Hundred

I’m looking at a mile of fencing Lined with blackened shapes Koalas, possums, kangaroos With no chance of escape

And suddenly I get the pang Of something deep inside The one that starts down in my gut And rises like a tide

I’ll somehow find a pub to watch The granny on the tele And four days before Christmas I will Always play Paul Kelly

So far we’ve burned about three times The land as the Brazillians And as for all those animals We’re up to half a billion

The same one that runs through me Putting fire in my veins It now glows deep within and so much Brighter than those flames

It really doesn’t matter just How far or wide I roam The Boy From Oz was right I guess It’s never not your home

Don’t be afraid, they tell me, of A little Aussie coal This stuff is worth a fortune, it’s Like carbonized black gold!

And though I’m far away from her Right now when she is ailing I know I’ve never been so proud To call myself Australian

And when I cross another Aussie

So what if it’s not great in an

She raised me up and taught me almost Everything I know Like how to live and love and shaped The way I learned to grow And though I had no say in where My folks chose to reside I always sort of had a sense Of patriotic pride I’d always felt connected from A space somewhere within See that’s the thing about this place She gets under your skin So when the time had come after Two decades and a half To go and see the world she didn’t Scoff, she didn’t laugh

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| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

But then I see those photos of Dark figures in the fray The tiny silhouettes struggling To keep the flames at bay I read about the volunteers Who stepped up to the tragedy And spent their Christmas in the blaze Instead of with their family I read in awe about our fearless Firefighting crews Who could give up at any time They want, but they refuse Men and women out there in The midst of devastation Upon their yellow jackets pinned The prayers of a nation I watch as ordinary Aussies Rise to the occasion Feeding precious animals half Dead from dehydration

Ben Lawson “When good neighbours become good friends” are the lyrics from one of Australia’s most popular television theme songs. The television show Neighbours centres around a small community and the friendships and bonds the people share with each other. It is a relatable theme which resonates on a larger scale throughout Australia and now more then ever during this bush fire catastrophe.

Ben Lawson is one of Australia’s most successful exports overseas.

Starting his career in Neighbours playing Frazer Yeats from 2006 to 2008, Ben has since advanced his career onto the international stage. Graduating from NIDA, Ben has appeared in titles such as Deep End, Covert Affairs, Don’t Trust The B---- in Apartment 23, No Strings Attached, 13 Reasons Why, Designated Survivor, The Good Place and Bombshell to name a few. Brisbane boy Ben is still a true-blue Aussie at heart as he speaks with Heartland Magazine about his life and his poem which has touched so many through his emotional candid words.

Growing up in Brisbane Ben, was inspired to become an actor at an early age through watching “Family Ties” on T.V. Michael J. Fox was a childhood idol and encouraged Ben to be an actor who also had a voice. Although his acting career has taken him far from home, Ben watched on with horror and helplessness as the recent bushfires engulfed Australia leaving many without homes and personal tragedy that is unimaginable. Moved to the core that his homeland was in strife, Ben poured his emotions and thoughts into a poem which has since gone viral on the internet. His words are filled with pride for Australia and emulate the attitude of a country which has been hit by severe heartache while still hopeful in the resilience of a nation.

Ben believes that as a nation we need to start listening to science and what our environment is trying to tell us and that this has to be a turning point into how we are going to prevent future disasters of this magnitude from happening again. Encouraging our leaders to take action as well as educating and supporting the younger generation can only unite a country as we are fighting for the same outcome of a safe, sustainable, beautiful Australia.

While the actor is travelling, thoughts of home often turn toward his time spent at the beach, in the sun and breathing in air which wasn’t thick with smoke. The thought of sand between his toes and the smell of the salty air transports him back to a country and a time in Australia when life was trouble free. As a working international actor, Ben often finds himself as an ambassador for his beloved Australia as he travels and lives abroad. He expresses to Heartland that he is proud to be an Australian because of how multi cultured we are and how progressive thinking we are as a nation. He hopes this progressive thinking may be put to good use when talking about the latest fire disaster and that maybe we search for answers and solutions in places which were once thought to be meaningless.

Ben Lawson’s love for Australia has been beautifully put into words as he shares his sorrow for our current situation. He hopes his poem will ease some pain and provide a comfort to people in that no one is alone in this difficult time. It is a way to show others what the Australian spirit is all about and although he is currently far from home the pain and grief is not lost. The connection is often felt between Aussies overseas as we are like no other culture in the world.

What Australia has needs to be protected with fierce determination through the passion of not only Ben but a nation.

Please visit our website to see Ben’s emotional video ‘To My Country, From An Expat’ at www.heartlandmagazine.com.au/news/a-poem-for-expats-by-ben-lawson/ Printed and written with permission from Ben Lawson, Trish Mcaskill/United Management © 2020.

Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 27

‘SHE’LL BE APPLES’ FOR AUSTRALIA’S LOVED APPLE & GRAPE FESTIVAL Drought and bushfire won’t hold the Queensland town of Stanthorpe down, with organisers of Australia’s loved Stanthorpe Apple and Grape Harvest Festival declaring ‘she’ll be apples’ for the 2020 festivities to be as big and joyous as ever when staged 28 February to 8 March.

“The Queensland Government supports events like the Stanthorpe Apple and Grape Festival because they provide a platform to showcase our destinations and draw people to Queensland.”

The festival coincides with the harvest of apples and grapes across the Granite Belt, a region which boasts growing all of Queensland’s apple crop and is Australia’s highest altitude wine region, at a cool 1,000m.

‘Banchetto Italiano’, the Italian Long Lunch, is set to double in size for the 2020 festival, to allow hundreds more festival goers to indulge in traditional Italian celebrations on the first festival weekend, Sunday 1st March. Festival Vice President Greg Thouard describes, “we’ve got the Tarantella dancers coming along, music from Italy, fine Italian foods and we have just such a great time there celebrating our Italian friends who brought us so much of what we see today in our food and wine.”

“Our farmers are working against the odds this season with dry conditions, so we reckon it makes even more sense to celebrate and be thankful for the harvest that they will achieve,” says Max Hunter, Festival President.

“When visitors arrive and join the festivities, you can be sure they’ll find Stanthorpe as festive as ever and part of what builds that vibrancy is our community’s Italian heritage and culture shining through.” | Heartland Magazine Special Feature

Championships South East Qld Final, as well as the Golf: Apple and Grape Cup. The first weekend concludes with a cycle event ‘That Dam Ride’ and the Italian Long Lunch on Sunday 1st March.

“Events like this attract visitors which boosts the region – and we know that people who visit our regions are the best advocates for regional tourism destinations,” Ms Jones said.

Famously known for its foot-stomping, grapecrushing antics, the festival has been ‘crushing it’ since 1966 and will again put out the welcome mat for more than 70,000 attendees.

Grapes and apples will still be picked, and ample wine will flow, but there’s no doubt the drought that’s hitting Granite Belt farmers is taking a toll.

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Tourism Industry Development Minister Kate Jones said the Queensland Government supports regional events because they boost regional jobs.

Involved in the festival for an incredible 45 years, Mr Thouard has seen this hallmark Queensland festival grow from strength to strength and is excited by the new developments happening on the 10-day program in 2020.

Encompassing two weekends, the second weekend which is ‘the big one’ on 7-8 March will feature a longer 3-day Heritage Bank Food Wine & Cultural Fiesta, coinciding with the much anticipated Channel 7 Grand Parade and The Stanthorpe Border Post Qld Grape Crushing Championships!

The first weekend kicks off Friday 28 February with the Ergon Energy Street Party and the Turning on the Festival Lights, as well as an Opening Gala Event where the Festival Ambassadors are presented. The streets of Stanthorpe will be buzzing the next day, when the town hosts the National Busking

A highlight of the mid-week festivities is Thursday’s Apple Day, where all things apples are happening, including an apple pie competition, chef apple cooking demonstrations, wines to match with apple dishes and toffee apples. The hotly contested Apple Peeling Competition is guaranteed to draw a crowd to witness whether reigning local champion Kerry Stratford will retain her 7-time title of best apple peeler in the Granite Belt and again create the longest continuous apple peel.

The festival is held only once every 2 years and organisers are appealing for Australians to support Stanthorpe by making 2020 the year, they tick the Stanthorpe Apple and Grape Harvest Festival off their bucket-list.

Stanthorpe is reached within just 2.5hrs of Brisbane, 3hrs of the Gold Coast or Byron Bay and 2hrs from Toowoomba. For program and tickets information visit www.appleandgrape. org GET THE FACTS…

WHEN 28 February to 8 March 2020 (main weekend 6-8 March 2020) WHERE Various locations, Stanthorpe, Queensland PRICE $10 Adult 1 Day Heritage Bank Food & Wine Fiesta or $25 Adult 3-Day Pass WEBSITE www.appleandgrape.org

A Taste of the Granite Belt in a glass...

Our wines express their origins in the rugged and majestic landscape of the Granite Belt.

We don’t just make wine, we grow Premium, Limited Edition, Hand Crafted wines.

Growing Wine At Tobin Wines, we talk about growing our wine, rather than making the wine.

Our winemaking philosophy is undeniably ‘old world’ — all respect is paid to the vineyard, the vine, and the pursuit of perfection in grape quality, with little — if any — reverence paid to the winemaker or winemaking process.

Each grape variety is given the spotlight to truely reveal its own unique flavour.

“No wine maker is gifted enough to make those wonderful flavours & aromas — all of the work happens out there, in the vineyard” — Adrian Tobin The production of our wine is limited to between 100 – 160 cases of each varietal every year.

Our Limited Edition wines express their origins in the rugged and majestic landscape of the Granite Belt making them truly unique.

Their hard work is driven by the belief that exceptional fruit is the foundation of superb wine and has led to awards such as one of Gourmet Traveller WINE’s Best Cellar Doors in 2019.

It’s not about making wine, it’s about growing it. That’s the philosophy Bal­landean vineyard owner Adrian Tobin lives by.

This determi­nation to produce only the very best sees Adrian and the rest of Tobin Wines team clock 100-hour weeks, tending to the vines by hand.

Their hard work is driven by the belief that exceptional fruit is the foundation of superb wine.

It’s the flavours of Adrian’s vineyard which shine through his wines. It also means they perfectly reflect a sense of place, evoking Queensland’s Granite Belt in a glass.

“No other wine growing region in Aus­tralia has what we have in terms of geog­raphy, topography, altitude and climate,” Adrian explains of his home. “It’s this combination which produces wine of such high character and quality.”

Tobin’s Wines is located at 34 Ricca Rd, Ballandean.

The cellar door is open for tastings daily from 10am – 5pm (Anzac Day trading hours 1pm – 5pm and closed Christmas Day and Good Friday.)

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Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 29

Stanthorpe The History

Stanthorpe Apple & Grape Harvest Festival

HISTORY OF STANTHORPE APPLE & GRAPE HARVEST FESTIVAL The Apple & Grape Festival came to be in 1966, renamed from The Apple Blossom Festival, which itself was born from the Back to Stanthorpe Week celebrations of 1954. The event had run its course by the mid 1960′s and hence a superstar was born!

In 1965, the Apple Blossom Festival was not held due to waning support. The community saw an opportunity for a new event, to be combined with the successful “Eat an Apple Week” campaign and a committee was formed to make it happen.

The success of the 1966 Apple Harvest Festival which included a Grand Ball, Street Procession, Athletics Carnival & Sports, tours of orchards, vineyards & packing sheds encouraged the committee to plan a biennial event.

Onwards…The Apple & Grape Harvest Festival In the meantime, a new name the Apple & Grape Harvest Festival was adopted to include more of the fruits grown on the Granite Belt.

Events at the 1968 Apple & Grape Festival included the Miss Delicious Quest, grand ball and race day, a ten-mile race from Amiens to Stanthorpe, and a Festival Art Show. Between 5000 and 6000 people crammed a quarter mile strip of Stanthorpe’s main street for the street 30

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

carnival. Mr Gordon Chalk, Deputy Premier of Queensland, described the Festival’s success as indicative of the high appreciation of people for the district.

Stanthorpe’s 100th Year Celebrations…1972 Stanthorpe turned on the party of the century to mark the towns’ 100th birthday in 1972.

duration of the parade.

So big were the crowds that the town ran out of milk and came dangerously close to running out of beer on the main Saturday.

The Fijian Deputy Police Commissioner, T. Hanford, who had travelled to the Festival with the Festival’s star attraction, the Royal Fijian Police Band, confessed that he originally harboured doubts that a town of 3,800 people could stage such a lavish carnival. However, the Festival proved all doubts unfounded, setting the standard against which following Festivals would be judged. Queensland Minister

Two hundred and twenty people in 21 subcommittees had worked and planned for 18 months to make the 1972 Apple and Grape Harvest Festival the undisputed highlight of Stanthorpe’s centenary year.

The results astounded and delighted everyone from the 60,000 visitors who crammed Stanthorpe’s main street to guests, including Premier Joh Bjelke Peterson, and even the organisers themselves!

The ambitious programme included a centenary concert, centenary ball, fruit competition, arts festival, sculpture competition, fence painting, historical displays, garden competition, centenary parade, National Lizard Racing Championships, tours of orchards and national parks, a tin dredge at Quart Pot Creek, fashion parades, apple packing championships, grape crushing championships, fireworks, sports, car rally, band concerts, a beard growing contest, race day and even a taxidermist display!

The grand parade of nearly 70 bands, floats and horse drawn vehicles took one and a quarter hours to pass through the main street.

“The main street rapidly filled with people until the time of the Grand Procession, when it was transformed into a living, colourful, good spirited and noisy sea of spectators”, wrote the Stanthorpe Border Post. Hundreds more festooned the Maryland Street buildings, leaning from windows and balancing on roofs, eager to secure favourable viewpoints for the

for Labour and Tourism, John Herbert, summed up the praise of visitors: “I’ve been to hundreds of festivals in my time but this is the best I’ve ever attended”.

The success of the Apple and Grape Harvest Festival gave a new impetus to the district’s tourism industry. The Shire Chairman, Cr Fred Rogers, called a public meeting to form a Tourist Association, commenting: “It would be a great pity not to follow up the work of the Festival organizers”.

(Historical information kindly supplied by the Stanthorpe Border Post) Queensland Q150 Celebrations…2009 As part of the Queensland Q150 celebrations in 2009, celebrating the State’s 150th birthday, the Stanthorpe Apple & Grape Harvest Festival was voted one of Queensland’s favourite iconic events.

To celebrate Q150, Queensland Museum Development Officers worked with regional museums around the state to develop displays capturing the history and importance of community festivals.

Ridgemill Estate From 2004 and Martin and Michelle Cooper have owned Ridgemill Estate which is located on the Queensland Granite Belt 5 mins away from Stanthorpe. Like the grapes themselves this boutique winery has grown and developed over the last 16 years and has been recognised for not only their wine but their accommodation.

Ridgemill Estate was the first winery in the region to plant saperavi grapes which originate from Georgia, northern Europe over 8,000 years ago. Peter McGlashan is the Estates vine whisperer and head winemaker and has led Ridgemill Estate to win an impressive array of awards. Ridgemill’s Chardonnay has done very well at national and international events winning gold at the International Chardonnay Challenge in Gisborne, New Zealand 2005; receiving trophy at the James Halliday Chardonnay Challenge 2012; trophy for Champion White Wine (all categories of the Show) at the Australian Small Winemakers Show in 2015 and more recently gold at the First World Saperavi Prize in Tablisi, Georgia.

Two years after buying the property, in 2006, Martin built 4 guest accommodation cabins. The self-contained studio cabins providing guests with a comfortable contemporary living space with views which couples with the serene peaceful ambience of the surrounding vineyard. In 2017 4 more cabins were built which led to Ridgemill Estate being awarded silver in the 2019 Queensland Tourism award for the Deluxe Accommodation category. The Ridgemill cabin facilities cater for groups and couples as well as having pet friendly options so guest’s furry friends are not left out of the fun. Guests are ensured of their privacy and are able to enjoy the nearby beauty of Girraween National Park.

As well as being Ridgemill Estate’s wine maker, Peter together with his good friend, Jim Barnes, developed the Strangebird Alternative Wine

Trail. To be called an alternative, a variety must represent not more than 1% of the total bearing vines in Australia as defined by Wine Australia. The trail allows guests to discover wines they have never tasted before and immerse themselves in a journey which explores alternate varieties. Ridgemill has their own selection of Strangebird wines including Tempranillo, Saperavi, Verdelho and Viognier.

The Top Dog Wine Club is Ridgemill Estate’s way of sharing their wines with like-minded people. The wine club allows wine lovers to enjoy the different varieties of wine as well as receiving great discounts and offers throughout the year.

Ridgemill Estate has experienced challenges with drought but continues to work hard to maintain their high standards and quality of their wines. Netting their vines has become necessary to stop birds from damaging the vines allowing the Estate to continue their productivity.

The Estate offers a unique experience allowing guests to physically pick, crush and plunge the grapes which helps guests gain a deeper understanding into what is involved with wine production. It is an inside look into the time from when the grape is picked until the completion of fermentation. Ridgemill will keep in touch to let you know when the wine is ready to be enjoyed. These experiences bring people together and creates a fun environment connecting people to the land through wine.

Owner Martin Cooper loves to have fun and together with his team of 4, he bottles those same sentiments in each bottle ready for guests to enjoy the same passion for life and wine. Ridgemill is a place to relax, celebrate and escape.

With packages catering for any occasion and the opportunity to be hands on with the wine making process Ridgemill Estate is an experience which will stay with you long after the wine bottle is empty.

218 Donges Road, Severnlea, Stanthorpe, Queensland. (07) 4683 5211. www.ridgemillestate.com

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Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 31

MACLEAN HISTORY BUSHFIRE! The recent spate of bush fires around the North Coast set me thinking - was this an exceptionally early outbreak? How many times was our usually damp coastal region exposed to this threat?

The early few decades of the region were not free of fires, but whether it was because settled areas grew and more people became affected as time went on, the fires certainly grew in severity and importance in the people’s minds, as is the case today. It is also true that many fires were as a result of severe drought periods, which according to statistics, occur usually in an 11-14-year period.

In the 1860’s there was an Australia wide drought; 1870s in Qld and WA; in 1880 -1888 the Eastern States experienced dry times, 1888 being said to have been the driest year “since records began”; 1895 - 1903 was called “The Federation” drought, whereas the WW2 drought (1938 - 1946) was the next big drought, finally (before the current drought) being the Millennium Drought of 1997 - 2002. In the Northern Rivers, most drought periods are broken by extremely heavy rain, often leading to flood years.

The bush fires in the Clarence and wider North Coast were first reported when land opened for close settlement in the 1860’s.

In October 1865 the CRE stated that the “valley was surrounded by bush fires” and in January 1866, Tenterfield was experiencing bad fires; Copmanhurst in 1867, and Casino in 1969. This must have been an early severe drought period as in 1871 (October) the Lower Richmond was on fire; Casino being affected again in September 1872 as well as in 1876.

By September 1882, Grafton was threatened, followed by 1883 and 1884 when there were reports of fires all along the coast. Chatsworth was ringed by bush fires in 1885, with fire along the coast, at Southgate and Maclean.

September 1915 that fires could be seen on the eastern slopes of Sandeman’s Lookout and at Ashby.

1915 must have been a dry year, Yamba was threatened on 15th September and by October, farmers in the Shark Creek area were again having difficulty with bush fires.

In November 1915 Yamba was again in the news with Bangalow scrub (along the Angourie Road) being wiped out by bushfires. The 30th January 1922 was oppressive, a “hot wind” blowing most of the day and night with fires adding to the trouble. Temperatures were over 100OF (37oC) for several days. A year later things had not improved (January 1, 1923) A fire broke out near Taloumbi Station and soon the bush was burning up to the outskirts of Maclean township. The forest between Ashby and Tullymorgan was alight and the blaze could be seen from all parts of Maclean.

Another year, another bushfire. 1926 (February): Fires were breaking out in several parts of Maclean area, one on the Lookout and homeowners were urged to create fire breaks around their homes.

A fire at Lawrence was said to have been from a spark from a steam locomotive, and in October of 1926, Grafton was again enveloped by smoke from fires which included Lawrence, Tullymorgan, Maclean and Broadwater.

Some years which do not seem to be a part of a large, prolonged drought period were particularly bad. 1926 is a case in point, fires raged all over Australia, from the outer suburbs of Sydney, Goulburn, Maitland, Temora, Lismore, Clarence Valley, Coffs Harbour as well as parts of Victoria (where 26 people perished in one fire) and Southern Queensland. Causes of bushfire were attributed to such diverse things as cigarettes, sparks from steam trains, lightning, wax matches, broken glass and carelessness by motorists and campers!

In December 1928, it was Iluka’s turn and the township had a very narrow escape.

It was not until the WW2 drought that conditions worsened again.

Fires raged along the coast range; serious fires broke out at Mororo,

Then came a brief respite from drought with another disaster, severe flooding in the end of the ‘80s and early ‘90s.

In 1893, Chatsworth residents reported “the prevailing drought (i.e. the beginning of the Federation Drought) has done a very considerable damage to crops in this locality, bush fires are raging daily in almost every direction. Boxing Day was one of the hottest experienced here for many years. A strong westerly wind prevailed.”

The time of year did not seem to matter in drought years as Ulmarra farmers suffered losses in a fire in July 1895, while Tyndale also suffered in September of that year. CRE: “Immense tracts of country have been devastated by bush fires, a considerable amount of fencing has been destroyed, cattle are in a pitiable state, carcasses are to be found (dead) in every waterhole.”

Widespread rain in late September 1895 saved the day. However, almost exactly a year later bush fires were doing damage in “various parts of the district”.

The Lower Clarence’s problems were made worse by a big, late frost in November 1905, and fires burnt the dry and frosted grasses: “The atmosphere is thickly obscured by smoke arising from bush fires” and this was attributed by some “to spots on the sun which are plainly visible before sunset.”

In 1912 (September) the township of Dorrigo suffered a very bad bushfire– houses and sawmills were destroyed, and the school caught fire three times, but was saved.

In 1913 (CRE 9/12/1913) Maclean District was suffering from vast areas of fruit, grapes and vegetable losses during the heat of the early summer months and fires were feared. However, not was not until 32 | Heartland Magazine

• • • •

Located in the heart of Maclean’s CBD next to award-winning bowls club Tse’s Chinese open 7 days for lunch and dinner Room charge facilities available at the Club’s bar and restaurant Barefoot Bowls packages and stay and play bowls packages available

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EXECUTIVE KING & FAMILY SUITES DISABLED & FAMILY INTERCONNECTING ROOMS AVAILABLE AIR-CONDITIONED COMFORT FREE WI-FI FOXTEL

Hideaway Park Murray Grey Stud Established cattle farmer Wendy McDonald has been working on her stud property since 1993. The property is around 160 acres and is located near Grafton. Wendy enjoys working with the Murray Grey cattle breed because of their quiet manageable nature.

Although raising stud cattle can be hard work, Wendy enjoys working outdoors with the animals in the fresh natural air.

The backburning operation at Wooloweyah (Roseanna Brisbane)

Taloumbi and the Everlasting Swamp at Southgate.

Yamba was threatened on 16th December 1938 between Oyster Channel and Yamba, at the same time, Whiting Beach area was ablaze and back burning saved houses. The area between Oyster Channel and Yamba was again burnt out in January 1939 when temperatures reached over the 100oF – Grafton’s reached a maximum of 113oF (45oC), 111oF in Maclean (44oC) and 106oF in Yamba (41oC). This led to severe fires in Wombah.

Between her commitments as a nurse, Wendy shows cattle at the local shows as well as the Brisbane Ekka. Showing her Murray Grey cattle is a reward in its-self as it is a time to enjoy her hard work and patients leading up to the show events. It advertises the Stud and gives people the opportunity to compare breeds. Murray Grey cattle are known for their easy calving, high fertility, low birth weight and great finishing ability on grass or grain. Their meat is tender with marbling throughout.

The drought has affected the property but with the recent rain showers, things have picked things up a little with a hopeful season ahead in 2020.

January 1940: bushfires were seen to the south of Yamba and Angourie and in August 1941, “A timely save was effected in Yamba, when a bushfire “broke out at the rear of 2 residences” and was put out by a large band of locals. September 1941, a report in the Daily Examiner was entitled “EXTENSIVE FIRES” and tells of a fire raging along the Angourie Road and across the Yamba Common.

11th December 1944, fire took hold “Over dense scrublands known as Whiting Beach reserve”. Fire burnt out farming land between Micalo Is. and Yamba as well as Ashby and the Coast Range to the south. DE reported “Yamba is overcast with dense smoke”.

Hideaway Park breeds stud cows and bulls which go onto to breed on other properties, strengthening established herds.

Wendy gains great satisfaction to see her animals successfully develop into prize winning beasts and enjoys the feed-back she gets from other farmers and breeders. As well as the local Primex and Beef Week events, Wendy will also attend the Glen Innes Bull sale in July.

11th August 1951: DE reports “A bushfire in the mountain range about a mile from the quarry works at Illarwill.” (Spelling as per newspaper). By December 1951, bushfire brigades were being formed in Harwood, Mororo, Wombah, Iluka, Tullymorgan, Ashby, Palmers Channel, Taloumbi and Yamba.

With the new year well and truly in motion, Wendy looks forward to the year ahead and the line of cattle she has to work with this year.

A month later these brigades proved invaluable when fire broke out near the Angourie turnoff, burning up to the Yamba Bowling Club, threatening homes as well as the Anglers Club, brigades came out to fight a fire in the Shark Creek area in February 1952. This story continues right up to the present, but this early outline shows that fires can occur in any month and almost always in an extremely dry time.

However, most drought periods on the Northern Rivers finally end, mostly with a major flood when rain finally does fall!

We will see how the current drought ends, and it will, given time.

Advertorial Heartland Magazine | 33

Martin Maloney Martin Maloney A life worth living is one which is reflected upon with no regrets and a gratitude that knows no bounds. Martin Maloney is one such soul who despite his strong solid presence is a kindhearted gentleman with more then a few tales to tell of days gone by growing up and living in Casino and surrounds.

Born on the 24th of November 1939 at Casino Friendly Society Hospital, Vincent Francis Maloney and Elizabeth Margaret Rathborne, gave birth to Martin Maloney. Martin was one of 4 children with a sister Kathleen and two brothers Michael and Joseph.

Martin began his education at the age of 6 years old at Mallanganee Convent School. Minni, Martin’s horse would take the youngster to school where he would often be thinking of things outside of the classroom. Growing up like most kids of that time, Martin would help his family with the farm chores which involved milking the cows and keeping a dairy farm functioning to its full potential.

In 1949 the family moved to another dairy farm in Tatham. Martin attended the Tatham Convent School until it closed in 1952. From this time Martin would have to ride his bike to Ellangowan to catch the school bus which would take him to the Marist Brothers School in Casino. Martin’s enthusiasm was directed to the land and so he decided to leave school early to help his father on the farm.

Martin can recall how different farming practices were back then compared to now and how he was using 2 draft horses and a Mouldboard plough to plant 2 acres of cow cane. The endless jobs on the farm meant that Martin was able to experience and learn many aspects of farming allowing him to gain a wide variety of skills and knowledge on how to succeed in many farm tasks. He enjoyed working the land and the outdoor environment as well as meeting new people with the same passion for the land and farming. Martin became an accomplished all-round farm hand and often found weekend work on other farms, pulling hay or corn.

In 1959 on the 1st of May, Martin experienced a horrendous car accident, rolling his car and leaving him with a broken pelvis and unable to work for close to 8 months. The recovery was long and painful, but with Martin’s determination and support around him he was able to return to work at Bexhill Brick Works. He was cutting cord wood and firing up the kiln as well as being a casual cream carrier.

Martin would meet his future wife at an indoor bowels event at Greenridge Hall. Their relationship blossomed and the couple celebrated their kitchen tea on the 7th of May 1966. Martin and Joyce were married on the 14th of May in St Mary’s Church Casino. The honeymoon wasn’t without incident as Martin fell ill and found himself in isolation for two weeks back in Casino. The first of the newlyweds

Wedding picture on canvas 34 | Heartland Magazine

sons was born in 1967 and was named Michael.

Allen was born shortly after and the young family found their stride in the family home on Clay Avenue.

Soon after leaving the timber industry, Martin began work at Casino Co-Op Dairy Society.

He worked on the cream floor, tipping cream and occasionally having to extract a stray rat or chicken from the cream.

Continuing his working life Martin began driving the delivery trucks for Richmond Ice Cream Company. After Casino Dairy Co-Op became NORCO, Martin began working for Queensland Back line-Carolyn,Alex, Taylor, Jack Middle line-Michael, Bacon (Dandy). He Martin, Joyce travelled the table lands delivering meat and small goods to Bingara, Glen Innes and Warialda.

Martin found himself working for Northern Frozen Foods which was before leaving in 1981 to start his own live-stock carrying business.

Buying the Shaky Shifter from Norm Casson, Martin carried livestock to and from sale yards as well as to the abattoirs. The red truck served his business well and after two new knee replacements, Martin sold his business to his son Allen and his wife Tanya.

Throughout the 1980’s Martin was a member of the local show society and was president for a number of years. His work was a driving force for the show girl movement which also saw Martin be honoured as a lifetime member.

Since his retirement Martin and his wife Joyce have enjoyed trips around Australia and travelled down to Tasmania. Martin is a great lover of Slim Dusty country music and has been to every Casino concert that the musician held. The appreciation for Slim Dusty has allowed Martin to collect every record the singer recorded and has had his picture taken with Slim at one of his concerts.

Recently celebrating his 80th Birthday, Martin enjoys spending time with his grand-children and passes on his experiences to the next generation. Martin Maloney is a local treasure and his recollection of early days in Casino are priceless, with one such memory of the famous 54 flood. The low area of Tatham left the milking engine flooding which meant he had to hand milk 3 herds of cows.

Although times were different and the equipment was not as advanced as it is now, Martin Moloney says he really enjoyed his time on the land and has no regrets looking back at his life.

His hard work paid off and into the future Martin and his family continue to forge closer bonds and continue to contribute to the community through a work ethic which has been passed down through the generations.

Martins’ 80th Birthday

Cowra Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre

Situated on the Lauchlan River in the central west region of NSW, Cowra is a town with some beautiful attractions and an interesting history. During WW2 Cowra was home to No. 12 Prisoner of War Compound. In 1944 there was a breakout which resulted in 231 Japanese deaths and 4 Australian servicemen deaths. 1960 saw the Japanese Government brought all the Japanese casualties from all around Australia to be interred into the Japanese War Cemetery in Cowra. This is the only Japanese War Cemetery in the world which is outside of Japan. The relationship between Australia and Japan has only grown stronger with each passing year and the garden is an integral part of the reconciliation story between the two cultures.

Garden including Sakura Matsuri, the Cherry Blossom Festival in September, Carols in the Garden for Christmas and an Easter activity day for the children, as well as recognizing some traditional Japanese celebrations such as Hina Matsuri (known as Doll’s day or Girl’s day). Entry fees apply as the Garden as it is a not-for-profit organization that relies on admissions and gift shop sales to fund its day-to-day operations.

The beauty of The Cowra Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre is a reminder that fresh beginnings and appreciating the peace in the world is something to be treasured and protected.

The Japanese landscape architect and designer Ken Nakajima, designed the 12.5 acre Kaiyushiki garden which opened in 2 stages in 1979 and 1986. The calming nature of Japanese garden design is in contrast to the brutal reality of the relationship between Australia and Japan from the WW2 era.

The strolling garden features tranquil ponds and waterfalls as well as manicured lawns and hedges amongst the pops of colour from various trees and flowers. Each season the garden shares a different side of itself with a clear change between the cooler and warmer months. The garden is a perfect place to have some time out and to step into a peaceful sanctuary while experiencing Japanese culture.

After appreciating the gardens there are other attractions to enjoy such as the Bonsho Bell, an open- air tearoom, Bonsai house, an exhibition room as well as a traditional tatami room in the EDO cottage. There is a cafĂŠ on site as well as a gift shop and golf buggy hire service.

The garden is enjoyable all year round and guests are invited to take part in their annual events at the

Heartland Magazine | 35

Aunty Grace Aunty Grace

Grace’s behavior - a married woman, and in broad daylight.

When I was about 12 years old, I asked my parents if I could have part of my next holidays away from home. Perhaps Aunty Grace in Ipswich would let me stay with her for a week or so. I had not seen her for a long time.

Grace soon discovered that she was pregnant. I didn’t know Aunty Grace was pregnant and didn’t relate a fat belly with the birth of a baby. Her daughter also never knew about pregnancy.

Mother phoned Aunty Grace (she’s not actually related to me; she was a friend of my mother’s) and after a short while informed me that a holiday in Ipswich was not possible. I was told that Aunty Grace was terrified that I might say something out of place. That could not be allowed to happen.

I queried the reason for the fear and was told a story about My Aunty Grace’s past. It went like this: During the Second World War Aunty Grace’s husband had been sent overseas to defend his country. After he had been away for a long time his wife, Grace, decided to visit my mother in Casino. She intended to stay for only about two weeks. She brought her daughter, with her.

Her daughter was about the same age as me - four or five years old.

Grace’s husband had been away for about eighteen months when she discovered that she was going to have a child. She decided to stay in Casino where she was unknown until the baby was born. She hoped that her husband would not arrive home too soon and discover her predicament. The child’s father was an American serviceman I was told. Fortunately for her the war continued. After the birth the baby was adopted out. Grace and her daughter returned to Ipswich about a month after the birth and Grace took her place as the devoted wife waiting for her husband to return. I was sworn to secrecy.

My mother knew the people who had adopted the baby and had taken a distant interest in him, and occasionally would be reminded of him by seeing or hearing some reference to him. This would give her the opportunity to retell the above story to me. The story was never told to anybody else. She noted that he got married and again told me of his beginnings. She was actually proud of him in her quiet way.

Then we heard that he had been killed in a car accident near Casino.

My mother was very upset and cried over this. I was asked to get in touch with Grace and inform her of the death. I phoned Information and obtained Grace’s phone number. She still lived at the same address in Ipswich.

I told her who I was and asked if she remembered me. It had been many years since our last contact. She knew who I was, so I asked her if she knew who he was. She hesitated and replied that she did know who I was referring to. I then informed her that he had been killed in an accident the previous day. She thanked me for the information and the phone call ended.

My mother was upset for some days after this and mentioned him frequently. One evening shortly after his death she called me into the kitchen and told me that there were some details of the story that she had omitted. She then recounted the whole story to me. She occasionally stopped to wipe the tears from her eyes.

During the war, while Grace’s husband was away overseas, she and her daughter came to Casino to stay for a couple of weeks. She was downtown shopping one day late in the afternoon and as she reached the lane near Johnston’s Pharmacy, she encountered two American servicemen coming out of the lane. They stopped and talked to her for a while and then invited her to walk with them to the park.

The “Yanks” had a reputation for taking advantage of young ladies and she was very aware that a trip to the park would certainly mean that they would expect her to `come across’. She willingly went with them. They walked her home to our house afterwards.

Grace immediately told my mother that she had met two wonderful Americans and confessed that she had `come across’ with both of them. I believe that my mother was very surprised and disgusted at 36 | Heartland Magazine

These events occurred a long time ago and I have never revealed them to anyone. I feel that I have kept the secret long enough. Her daughter is probably married and may have a different surname.

Aunty Grace may have had more children after her husband returned. They avoided contact with us after the war.

Name withheld © 2020 Heartland Magazine

My Green Cat When I was young, we had a white cat. His name was Felix. He was very friendly to everyone except my sister. Every time Felix saw her, he snarled and ran away to hide. He always came out whenever I came into the room. He liked me.

One day my sister was using hair dye to make her hair look stupid. She made her hair a dark shade of orange. She was trying to impress a boy she likes. He’s a red-head and has naturally orange hair. This gave me the idea that I might be able to change Felix’s hair colour. My father was a builder and often used coloured powder to colour concrete. I went to the garage, where he kept his equipment, and found some green powder.

I took it to the laundry and mixed about a cup full of the green powder into a bucket of water. I had to look for Felix because he’d seen my sister and had gone to hide. I looked around and found him under my mother’s bed. I caught Felix and took him to the laundry where the bucket of green dye was waiting. After scuffling Felix for a while, I turned him over, so his back was facing the floor. Then I lowered him slowly until he was just above the bucket. I quickly plunged him into the bucket, all the way to the bottom.

He jumped out of the bucket, splashing green dye all over me, and putting deep scratches in both my arms with his claws. He was now very wet, and very green. He ran to the laundry window, but it was closed.

He jumped down and ran inside, into the lounge room, leaving a trail of green dye all over the carpet. He jumped up onto our new lounge, leaving green stains everywhere. My mother was furious. I tried to blame my sister, but I had deep scratches all over my arms and green dye on my hands and all over my clothes.

Oh boy! Was I in trouble?

Do you remember when Kmart opened in Australia 50 Years ago?

The first store opened in Burwood Ease Victoria on 30th April 1969 and in NSW it was Blacktown

Great advice and wonderful memories all wrapped up in one.

Wise Advice from a Farmer’s Wife: Whenever you return a borrowed pie pan, make sure it’s got a warm pie in it.

Invite lots of folks to supper. You can always add more water to the soup.

There’s no such thing as woman’s work on a farm. There’s just work.

Make home a happy place for the children. Everybody returns to their happy place.

Always keep a small light on in the kitchen window at night.

If your man gets his truck stuck in the field, don’t go in after him. Throw him a rope and pull him out with the tractor.

It’s a whole lot easier to get breakfast from a chicken than a pig.

Always pat the chickens when you take their eggs.

It’s easy to clean an empty house, but hard to live in one.

All children spill milk. Learn to smile and wipe it up.

Homemade always better’s store bought.

A tongue’s like a knife. The sharper it is the deeper it cuts.

A good neighbour always knows when to visit and when to leave.

A city dog wants to run out the door, but a country dog stays on the porch cause he’s not fenced in.

Always light birthday candles from the middle outward.

Nothing’ gets the frustrations out better’s splitting’ wood.

The longer dress hem, the more trusting the husband.

Enjoy doing your children’s laundry. Someday they’ll be gone.

You’ll never catch a running’ chicken but if you throw seed around the back door, you’ll have a skillet full by supper.

Biscuits brown better with a little butter brushed on ‘em.

Check your shoelaces before running’ to help somebody.

Visit old people who can’t get out. Someday you’ll be one.

The softer you talk; the closer folks will listen.

The colder the outhouse, the warmer the bed

Old Wives Tales There have been sayings and advice handed down through the generations which can often have some truth and many now, in this day and age seem a bit silly and ridiculous. None the less the information is continually passed on and we have all at one point tried a home remedy for a problem which has been told to us convincing us that it may actually work. Dispelling fact from fiction and the history behind as to why some of these tales have survived so long in our society can be surprising and disappointing all at the same time.

A gold ring will cure a stye Rubbing a gold ring on a stye will not get rid of this painful aggravating little lump.

A stye is when an eye lash follicle or eye lid oil gland becomes clogged and infected.

Although rubbing a gold ring will offer some relief through its temperature, there is no significant scientific medical proof that a gold ring will cure a stye. In other words it is a myth which can cause a person to genuinely believe in its power because the stye will eventually self-resolve.

Cheese before bed will cause nightmares Dreaming and nightmares have absolutely nothing to do with eating cheese before bed time. Many people throughout the ages have believed that their nocturnal brain activity is something to do with the foods they are eating before bed time. Cheese was believed to cause nightmares but there is no relation between the two. Nightmares are often caused through anxiety, depression or another mental health issue.

Eating carrots will improve your eyesight As kids we are always told to eat our veges.

Commonly the next question was “Why?” in a winey annoying voice which most parents responded with “Because they are good for you”.

This often didn’t inspire a child to eat their veges with the exception of carrots.

Carrots were believed to improve ones eyesight but although the vitamin A is helpful for healthy eyes this wives tale spawns from WW2. The RAF were using Airborne Interception Radar (AI), which was successfully destroying the enemy and in order to keep the new equipment a secret, the RAF spread the propaganda that eating carrots was too be the cause of the war time success.

Heartland Magazine | 37

My Education Part 1 Teaching On completion of my teacher training at the end of 1975, I applied for a primary teaching position at any state school within a hundred kilometres of Casino. Because I wasn’t a scholarship holder my employment wasn’t guaranteed and by the time school began in 1976 it became apparent that I wasn’t going to be offered employment at that time. I began ringing the appointments officer in Sydney every few weeks, requesting a permanent position. I called at the Lismore Education Office many times to see the Area-Director of Education. At first, he was sympathetic but later became too busy to see me. I began making appointments in fictitious names. He found time to see me then. He congratulated me on my ingenuity, and assured me that he would do his best to get me a job. On two occasions the State Minister of Education visited the North Coast. Each time, he attended meetings with school principals. I gatecrashed the first meeting and put my case to him. He had his personal secretary make some notes about the issue and said he would look into it.

At the next meeting, although uninvited, I approached him again.

He put out his hand and greeted me by name. He said that he expected me to be there. I was impressed. He assured me that he hadn’t forgotten me.

I sought casual employment while waiting and had a few one or two day classes at various primary schools in the local area.

I even had a few days teaching at Marist Brothers Catholic School in Casino. I told the school inspector, Ron Roberts, that I was looking for work, and he recommended me to many local principals.

He offered me a whole term (fourteen weeks) at South Lismore Primary School while the year five teacher was on long service leave. I accepted and really enjoyed my first real teaching job. He later gave me ten weeks at Bungeam School, which was about halfway between Kyogle and Woodenbong. Bungeam was a oneteacher school and I found that my practice teaching experience at Clovas school had been extremely useful. The teacher’s father was very sick, and she had taken time off to look after him.

The teacher at Clovas developed a heart condition and took sick leave for the last four weeks of 1977. Ron Roberts asked me to take over the running of the school until the end of the year.

Some of the children remembered me from my practice there, but there were also many new pupils. I enjoyed Clovas and added it to the list of schools at which I was prepared to teach.

In the middle of the first term of 1978, the teacher in charge of Goolmangar Public School rang me and asked if I would like to take over his one-teacher school for all of term two, while he took leave for a holiday in England. I accepted and enjoyed the fourteen weeks of term two. The children were well behaved and played softball at every opportunity.

Mike Sparrow was the principal of Bonalbo Central School. He called me on several occasions for one or two day casual classes.

I was placed in a few primary classes and was used from time to time in Industrial Arts. On one occasion I filled in for the Home Economics teacher. She taught cooking and sewing to the girls. I minded the pupils while they showed me what they were able to do.

In Mid 1978, a teacher at Lismore High School, whom I had known for many years, rang and asked if I would be interested in teaching his class while he took long service leave for a trip to Europe. He taught the OA class. OA children have learning difficulties and many of them have behaviour problems. I said that I was interested so he recommended me to his principal as his casual replacement. The principal contacted me, and I taught the OA class for ten weeks.

During February 1979, on the Tuesday of week three of the 38 | Heartland Magazine

school term, I received a phone call from the principal of Richmond River High School. He said that he had heard that I had a background in carpentry. He wondered if I might be interested in a casual day teaching industrial arts – mainly woodwork. He said that Ron Roberts recommended me. I attended next day and was introduced to Col Veitch. He was the head teacher in charge of the Industrial Arts Department. He showed me which room I would be teaching in and gave me a timetable. He explained the teaching program that I had to follow and said to ask if I needed any help.

The day went well and when it was time to go home, he asked if I could return tomorrow. The next afternoon he asked if I could stay until the end of the week. On Friday afternoon he asked if I could stay until Easter. That was about six weeks away. He told me that he needed to see how I handled high school pupils before he offered me long-term work. As Easter arrived, he asked if I could stay until the end of the year. One day while teaching a year ten class I noticed that one of the girls was obviously excited about something. She kept chatting to her friends and seemed quite elated. I asked why she was so happy, and she told me that her sister had been married the previous weekend and had moved away from home. This meant that for the first time she could have a proper bed. Prior to this she had slept on a mattress on the floor.

I enjoyed teaching in high school and found that the working conditions in Industrial Arts were excellent. At the end of the year Mr Veitch told me that a permanent staff member would replace my casual position next year. He said that he and the principal were recommending that I be appointed to the permanent position. During the last week of term Mr Veitch told me that a teacher from Maclean had applied for the teacher’s position at Richmond River High School and had been appointed. I was very disappointed.

I was also employed as a casual teacher at several other schools around the area. I had two weeks at Manifold Public School while the teacher was seconded to Area Office. I worked for one or two days at Leycester, Tabulam, Drake and Leeville.

During February 1981 I rang the appointment officer in Sydney several times. She said that she was very aware that I wanted a position and would keep me in mind if anything came up. On the second of March I rang her at about eleven o’clock in the morning. She said that she might have a position for me and told me that she would ring back later in the day. At two o’clock she rang back and asked if I would accept a primary teaching appointment to Woodenbong Central School. I accepted immediately. She said that I would be officially notified by telegram. The telegram arrived at shortly after three o’clock and I telegrammed my acceptance straight back. I rang the principal at Woodenbong at about three-thirty and informed him of my appointment. I asked him when he would like me to start. He suggested that “yesterday would be good.”

I drove to Woodenbong the next morning, March the third, and after meeting most of the staff, signed the attendance book. I finally had a permanent teaching position. The principal told me that on the second of March at about eleven o’clock he had rung Sydney and demanded that the teacher his school was entitled to should be appointed immediately. It seems that I rang her just after this and she gave the job to me. It really does pay to be persistent.

My first class was a year five class of fourteen children. The school was short of rooms, so I was placed in a converted storeroom. It was only eight feet wide and a portable chalkboard was placed over a window at one end of the room. During the year some pupils left, and others arrived. Numbers varied from ten to sixteen. At the end of the year there were eleven pupils. I still had

nine of my original fourteen.

After a couple of weeks, I decided that the travelling each day was a great waste of time. I was running up over a thousand kilometres each week. I rented a ‘Teacher Housing’ unit at Woodenbong. I spent all week there but usually came home on Wednesday nights. One Friday afternoon in October while coming home through Kyogle I was knocked off my motorbike by a motorcar. I ended up with my helmet jammed between the driver’s door and the road. The driver of the car was trying to open the door by pushing it against my shoulder. I reefed hard and freed the helmet. I had two broken ribs and a few bruises, but my leather suit ensured that I didn’t lose any skin at all. The bike had its handlebars bent but I was still able to ride it home.

I decided that I’d be safer travelling in a car, so I bough a Ford Laser.

After a few months I drove home one afternoon and as I stepped out of the car in my driveway, my youngest daughter, who was playing on the front lawn, ran to her mother who was also on the lawn and said, “There’s a man coming.” I immediately decided that I needed to be home more. Shortly after that I moved out of the unit in Woodenbong and began travelling each day. At this time there were four other teachers who travelled each day from Kyogle. We would meet at a parking lot in Kyogle and travel in one car to Woodenbong. This saved a lot of kilometres on our cars. We continued this arrangement for the rest of my time in Woodenbong.

In my second year at Woodenbong I was given a year two infants class. I had year two for three years. I wasn’t at all comfortable teaching infants.

At the end of each year I submitted an Application for Transfer.

I listed all the public schools in and around Casino, Lismore, Kyogle, Coraki and Woodburn that I was prepared to accept. No offers came but in October 1982 the officer, who was in charge of staffing for the Northern Rivers Region, visited the school at the request of the principal. Pupil numbers had fallen and the primary/infants teaching staff had to be reduced. One teacher had to go. Traditionally, the last teacher appointed would be the first to go. I was appointed on the third of March 1981 and the next day, the fourth of March, the principal’s wife was appointed as the Kindergarten teacher. She was the last teacher appointed.

The principal didn’t want his wife transferred. This is why the staffing officer was there. I was called to the office at recess and was told that I was being nominated for transfer. Anyone nominated by the staffing officer for transfer is given priority one.

That means that they WILL be transferred. I told him I would be happy to accept a transfer to any of the schools that I had applied for. He told me that there were no positions available at these schools but there was a vacancy at Baryulgil, and I would be placed there. He gave me an ‘Application for Transfer’ form with the words ‘Nominated Transfer” written in red across the top. The “Preferred School” section was also written in red and indicated Baryulgil. He told me to fill in my details and return it to him quickly as he had another school to call on. He came to my room a little later and asked for the form. I gave it to him. I hadn’t filled in anything. I told him that I refused to apply for Baryulgil but would accept one of the schools that I had applied for. He took the form but returned a few minutes later with my name and other details filled in and asked me to sign it. I refused again. He printed my name in red on the form where it said ‘Signature’ and put his initials beside it.

the next staff meeting the principal informed the staff that there had to be a reduction in staff and that I had been nominated. I made it clear to the staff that I hadn’t filled in the transfer form and explained how it had been filled in for me. After the meeting one of the teachers came to me and told me quietly not to worry.

He said that he was about to resign, although nobody else knew about it yet, to take over a lease on a hotel in Liverpool with his brother. He said this would make a forced transfer unnecessary.

The next morning, another teacher, who was teaching Kindergarten that year, came to me and very quietly told me not to worry as she was resigning at the end of the year to help her husband on their farm and to have a family. As it turned out I wasn’t transferred, two teacher’s left and a new teacher had to be appointed.

At the end of 1983, when teachers were receiving notification of transfers, the staffing officer committed suicide. He had promised many positions but had them all memorised. There were practically none recorded. His replacement was left with a very big mess to sort out. I hadn’t been promised a transfer and didn’t get one. I rang the new staffing officer and he said that he had seen my application but wouldn’t be able to place me at that time – “maybe later in the year,” he said. Placement later in the year didn’t happen. I returned to Woodenbong School for another year at the beginning of 1984. I was once again given year two even though I had asked for a primary class.

The new staffing officer visited Woodenbong School in third term, and I asked him if a transfer would be possible this year.

He assured me that he was aware of my desire to move closer to Casino and would keep it in mind. I rang his office in the secondlast week of the school year and he said that he was in the middle of sorting out positions for next year. He said that he would ring me back later. He rang me back at school the next day at lunchtime and asked if I would be interested in teaching at Kyogle. He said that Kyogle Public School was on my list of preferred places.

I accepted immediately. The telegram arrived as I was preparing to leave school to go home. I went straight to the Woodenbong Post Office and sent my reply telegram accepting the transfer.

The next morning, I rang the Kyogle school principal and arranged to call in and meet him on my way through Kyogle that afternoon. He told me he was very happy to have a replacement for a teacher who had been transferred to another school. He said that I would be teaching a year five graded class. I was to have the lower grade. He gave me a copy of the school policy and an overview of what should be taught to that grade.

During the Christmas Holidays I bought a Computer. I had never had much to do with computers before this. We took our caravan to Evans Head on Boxing Day and I spent much of the three weeks teaching myself how to use the computer. I learned much about word-processing and as practice, with lots of reference to the Kyogle School year five overview, typed up my teaching program for 1985.

I began 1985 with thirty pupils. They were the less able year five children. It was very pleasing to be back teaching primary pupils again. I didn’t mind having children who were educationally challenged. I was placed in one of the very old wooden rooms. It was cold in winter and hot in summer. It had overhead fans for summer and antique heaters for winter. Neither was very effective.

Part 2 of My Education - Teaching will continue in Issue 39 of Heartland Magazine

At the weekend I drove to Baryulgil to have a look at the school.

It was well over a hundred kilometres and there was about fifty kilometres of very bad dirt road. The school building was in a state of very bad repair. On seeing the school, I decided that if I were transferred to this school I would resign from teaching. At Heartland Magazine | 39

Dockrills of Clovass Part 2 Dockrills of Margaret Villa William and Ellen Dockrill raised their nine children in the family home known as Margaret Villa at Clovass. William was the eldest son of Benjamin and Margaret Dockrill and was born at Roseneath, South Casino on February 12th, 1870. He was the first born of seven children. Martin Roach and Elizabeth Ann Brownlee gave birth to Ellen on May 2nd, 1873. The family had seven other daughters and two sons.

One mile away, Margaret gave land to build Clovass School and All Saints Church of England. According to Williams diary the church opened November 8th, 1899. It is recorded in Government records the land was bought from William and his brother in 1924 for the school. The Casino based schoolteacher stayed at Margaret Villa through the week because they were not able to travel from Casino on a daily basis.

William and Ellen operated the first post office and telephone exchange in Clovass out of a well set up room from their Margaret Villa home. The telephone exchange was open until 9pm each night and 12 midday on Saturdays.

Ellen Dockrill

Life was busy and the couple had 6 sons and 3 daughters, Benjamin and John were twins, Elizabeth, William, Margaret, Joseph, George, Ellen and Samuel. Many of the children were taught music with Elizabeth, Margaret and Ellen learning piano which also allowed Margaret and Elizabeth to play organ at Clovass Church. The girls also learnt tot paint and George attended violin lessons.

After Benjamin died, William was the bread winner for his remaining mother and siblings on the family farm. On the 11th of April 1895, William and Ellen were married and lived at Tallarook before moving to North Casino and finally to Beeville.

William’s interest in sweeps allowed him to win 2500.0.0 pounds in the Tattersall’s Sweep and in 1901 and 4500.0.0 pounds in the Australian Cup in 1902 which allowed the couple to buy approximately 1000acres of the Clovass property from his mother.

The couple built Margaret Villa and moved from Beeville in 1907.

In front of Margaret Villa, a tennis court was established where the family enjoyed many games and social events which encouraged local families and neighbours to come around and enjoy one another’s company.

The house was a large property with five bedrooms, dining and lounge room, a sewing room, a bathroom and three other rooms.

The house had large verandas on three sides with double doors leading onto the verandas from the main rooms. The kitchen was a separate building and was joined to the main house by a 5 meter long breeze way.

William died in Lismore on the 28th June 1943. Ellen died in Casino at her daughter, Elizabeth’s home on 17th October 1950.

At this time radio had only just been introduced but William had wired a large aerial between two poles to receive radio at the back of the house. The family home had acetylene gas lighting unlike the typical use of Kerosene lamps. This provided a very strong white light and would have been a special feature of the time.

Over the years other buildings were added such as a meat house, barn, motor garage as well as an incubator shed. William also had a honey house built and kept about 30 hives on the farm.

Bails were built as well as fowl pens. An orchard was established beside the house and another later on, near the fowl sheds. The orchards produced many fruits such as mangoes, oranges, lemons, mandarins and pineapples.

40 | Heartland Magazine

The farm responsibilities had become so extensive that William needed to hire men to help him with all the farm work. The workers were accommodated at Margaret Villa where there was a room set aside specifically for this purpose.

Nightcap National Park given to an ex-serviceman on the proviso he cleared the trees, except for a couple, to make way for a dairy which would service the UK’s increasing need for milk products. This was a common practice in the Northern Rivers.

Many years later, the property fell into disrepair and lantana covered the land until the 1980s when a local planner regenerated the land and planted more than 10,000 native trees.

Australia has some of the most incredibly stunning rainforests and natural landscapes in the world. The Byron Bay Hinterland region is no exception with Nightcap National Park being a World Heritage listed site. Nightcap National Park is the traditional land of the Bundjalung People, in particular the Widjabul People who have inhabited the area for thousands of years. The park contains many significant sites including ceremonial and sacred sites that are still used by local Aboriginal people today.

It was when Fraser and Sara Duddy needed an escape from Sydney from their busy jobs in marketing technology and communications.

The couple were after a property that could bring in some type of income as well as utilising their previous experience and skill sets.

After looking at properties for over 12 months, Fraser and Sara had finally found their bliss driving onto the property they immediately had a connection with their new environment.

Nightcap Ridge has three cottages and a new function space, The Argory catering to families, weddings and corporate groups.

Fully self-sufficient, the property is powered by solar energy and the water comes from the spring-fed Boomerang creek and filtered as it enters the buildings.

The expansive lawns, native trees, wildlife and walking tracks provide a tranquil place for visitors to escape a busy world, explore nature and spend quality technology-free time with their loved ones.

Fraser and Sara are all about getting back to basics and aim to create an experience that guests feel as though they are stepping back in time but with the modern luxuries of today. Vintage-look fixtures and fittings and local antiques furnish the buildings which aligns with their sustainable ethos. The property does not use any single use plastics which guests appreciate.

The TV is behind a cupboard and there are no clocks or indication of the outside world, so it really encourages guests to sit back and have an old fashioned conversation and enjoy nature.

Nightcap Artist in Residence Katka Adams, who specialises in wildlife and country scenes, shows her pieces for sale throughout the buildings. This family business is full of heart and is a truly beautiful place. Fraser and Sara as well as Sara’s mum Gwenda Brennan have successfully created a piece of heaven on earth amongst one of Australia’s most incredible landscapes.

Most guests are escaping the city for a weekend and they tend to miss their phones for the first day and you can see the happiness on their faces the second day when they realise the natural world is so much more fulfilling.

To enquire or book UNWIND@NIGHTCAPRIDGE.COM.AU Phone: 02 6689 5515

There is a large vegetable garden and orchard which guests can use to create their own paddockto-plate experience as well as numerous indigenous bush tucker trees such as Blue Quandong, Davidson Plum, Bunya Pines which they use to make jams and conserves to share with and educate guests. There are also beehives and the 100% rainforest honey are sold locally as well as to guests. The property also provides fresh eggs from 30 free range chooks and many people say they are the best eggs they have ever had.

There is a fire pit outside each cottage so guests can experience campfire cooking under the stars giving them an authentic outdoor experience while connecting to the nature around them. Guests have access to binoculars and wildlife reference books to view and identify the abundant wildlife as well as bicycles to roam around the park and visit natural wonders such as Minyon Falls It was a historical decision that allowed the property to be created inside the Nightcap National Park. After World War 1, the land was Advertorial Heartland Magazine | 41

Boats on the Richmond By Brian Sullivan Part 1 Introduction While at school I read and enjoyed the historical novel, They Came from the Sea by E.V. Timms.

valley as a ship builder and ship owner and whose descendants were prominent in business and farming in the Mid Richmond for more than a century. I have made no reference to those amazing families who came from the sea to settle at New Italy.

It is a genuine attempt to examine the joys, sorrows and frustrations experienced by the brave, hard working men, women and children who came from the sea to make their homes in this beautiful part of the world.

Discovery

Schooners visited the Richmond from 1842

It begins with the survivors of a shipwreck scrambling ashore north of Ballina. While struggling through the dense rainforest they came across amazing stands of red cedar and pine. They also met the hard working cedar getters. After some days they reached the river which was to be their salvation and the scene of much of the excitement contained in the later chapters in the book. Though fiction They Came from the Sea has contributed to my interest in the history of the valley in which I was born and reared.

This paper doesn’t contain any new information. It is not the result of any deep research. I have simply re-organised information drawn from the sources referenced in order to emphasise the role of boats in the development of the Richmond Valley. It may contain errors and for these I apologise.

I have made no mention of many deserving pioneers perhaps the most notable of these being Canadian born William Yeager who contributed so much to the development of the

The Frigate Rainbow

42 | Heartland Magazine

Two of the world’s most famous navigators sailed right past the mouth of the Richmond River and either didn’t see it or thought it not worthy of a mention. In 1770 the then Lieutenant James Cook sailed passed in the Endeavour and named Cape Byron after Vice Admiral John Byron.

Thirty years later Matthew Flinders sailed passed in his circumnavigation of the land claimed by Cook for the motherland. Though Flinders named three hundred features as he sailed around the continent the Richmond Valley remained undiscovered and nameless for another twenty eight years.

Acting on the reports of Captain Cook and his influential passenger, Joseph Banks, the British Government chose Botany Bay as a site in which to hide nearly one thousand of its least desirable citizens. Despite its isolation and very low priority in a Britain that was preoccupied with a long war against France, the colony survived and eventually prospered. By 1828 NSW produced large quantities of wool. The wool growers, often former members of the military who had been either rewarded for their loyalty or bribed to secure it by grants of crown land were anxious to obtain more grazing land. To this end settlements were made in the Hunter Valley and in the Bathurst and Goulburn Districts. By 1828 Oxley and Cunningham had led expeditions into the west and north of the state, Sturt was about to venture down the Murray and Hume and Hovell had led an expedition across the Murray to Port Phillip Bay, but the North Coast remained a mystery.

This was about to change. On the 17th February 1827 Lieutenant Henry John Rous, commander of the frigate Rainbow sailed into Sydney Harbour having been posted from India to the Australian station. Rous was a country boy and soon became popular in Sydney but whenever possible he took the Rainbow on exploratory journeys. On the 14th of August 1828 the Rainbow left Sydney and headed north.

A few days later Rous spotted the mouth of but did not enter what he called the Big River. He failed to notice the entrance to the next river but sailed on to Point Danger where he found the mouth of a smaller river which he named the Clarence after the Lord High Admiral of the Navy. He was unaware that this river had been discovered by Cunningham in 1823 and named the Tweed. On the 26th of February the Rainbow anchored off the mouth of a river, “six leagues” south of Cape Byron. Rising early next morning Rous set out in his pinnace to explore this new stream. As he proceeded upstream, he was impressed as the large, deep stream meandered through dense rainforest. Three miles above what he called the Broadwater he turned around and returned to the Rainbow.

He named this new stream the Richmond, after the fifth Duke of Richmond and he named the cape a little further north Lennox Head.

Rous with his farming background was aware that his new discovery offered little in the way of pasture for the colony’s

rapidly expanding sheep population. On returning to Sydney he reported his discovery to Governor Darling who was apparently less than excited. The Richmond River Valley was forgotten for the next twelve years.

Squatters Forgotten but not unknown for it was the home of the Bundjalung and was known to a few convicts who had escaped from the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement. The best known of these was Irish born Richard Craig. Craig had arrived in New South Wales with his father, a butcher who was transported for stealing sheep. Young Richard learned his father’s trade well and soon found himself an unwilling guest at the notorious Moreton Bay settlement. After several attempts he escaped and headed south along the New England Tablelands. He was adopted by an Aboriginal tribe and joined them on their winter trek to the coast. Here he became familiar with the Big River. When recaptured at Port Macquarie he was freed because of his knowledge of the Aboriginal language. He moved to Sydney and in 1836 while working as a sawyer at Parramatta he spoke about the cedar on the Big River. Two years later the first cedar getters arrived in the Big River aboard the fifty two ton Susan.

During the 1830s most of the northern tablelands had been taken up by squatters. They looked down into the valleys below hoping to find a path to the coast which would allow them to move in with their sheep. Richard Craig came to their aid and in 1840 guided a group of New England squatters and their flocks into the valley of the river which by now had been officially designated the Clarence.

Interest in the Clarence, its grazing potential and its cedar was such that when in May 1839 Sydney ship owner Joe Grose offered to take prospective investors to the Clarence aboard his new steamer, the King William the ten pound tickets were sold in a few hours. Grose and his rich friends were amazed at the size and depth of the Clarence, the quality of the grazing country it traversed and the quantity of cedar trees on its banks. They steamed up the river all the way to Copmanhurst.

By the end of 1839 seventeen squatting leases had been granted on the Big River and by 1842 services were becoming available. Drake offered overnight accommodation for travellers from the Tablelands, a wharf had been built at South Grafton, two stores were opened, and the Valley was serviced fortnightly by a steamer.

This rapid development on the Clarence is relevant to our story because it provided access to the Richmond Valley.

Tabulam Station on the Clarence was claimed by George Stapleton in 1840. He returned to Sydney to inform his partner, Henry Clay. However, by the time they had acquired stock and moved to the Clarence the six months period between claim and occupancy had expired. The new occupants of Tabulam took Clay and Stapleton to the top of the Richmond Range where they viewed for the first time the open grazing country on the upper Richmond. Within a week they laid claim to thirty thousand acres on the northern side of the South Arm and named it Cassino. For a year they were the only Europeans in the valley. This was about to change.

The easily accessible cedar on the Clarence was running out.

Invasion from the south was imminent.

Cedar Getters At the very time that the upper reaches of both the Clarence and the Richmond Rivers were being occupied by squatters a very different group of people was conducting a quiet invasion of the cedar forests closer to the sea. The squatters were generally educated, had access to money if not wealthy themselves, had strong ties with the Motherland and some of them fully intended returning to England in their old age.

By contrast the cedar getters were generally uneducated, poor and lacked quality food and housing. Some were the offspring of convicts; some were former convicts and some of them escaped convicts. But like the squatters, they were not afraid of work. The dangerous nature of their work, a poor diet and lack of access to sunlight meant that for many death came early.

The value of Red Cedar as a light, easily worked and beautifully coloured timber was recognised from the early days of settlement. By 1830 timber was the third most important export from NSW after wool and whale products. Until then cedar was sourced in the Hunter and Illawarra regions but as demand grew the cutters spread out. By 1834 they were working the Manning forests, by 1837 they had moved to the Macleay and in 1838 they entered the Big River Valley.

Among those working on the Big River were two men, Steve King and William Yabsley who were to have a big influence on the Richmond. Steve King had a successful cedar cutting operation at Newbold Station but among his workers were escapees from Moreton Bay. The authorities began an investigation into his operations, so Steve decided it was time to move. Local Aborigines assured him that there was plenty Wudgie Wudgie on the next river. Steve enlisted a friend, Joe Maguire who had a bullock wagon and a whale boat and together with several cutters and sawyers they set out for the Richmond.

They arrived at Codrington in 1842 and launched their whale boat. As they rowed down river to the mouth, they were amazed at the quantity of cedar which clothed the banks and adjacent hills. The word spread quickly. Within weeks the schooner Northumberland arrived carrying a team of sawyers. Very soon dozens of cutters followed them, some arriving by boat, others overland as they swarmed north from the Clarence and the Nambucca. Among these were William Yabsley and his wife Magdalen and two children. The Yabsleys moved down river towards Ballina deciding that there was more money in milling and selling cedar and in building boats to transport it than by working in the forests.

Steve King moved to the North Arm of the river and set up camp near the entrance of Pelican Creek. Soon hundreds of cedar getters and their families were living in the scrub. Many built their shacks at Gundurimba. Cedar shipments began in 1843.

Boats on the Richmond will continue in Issue 39 & 40 of Heartland Magazine Š 2020 Heartland Magazine

Heartland Magazine | 43

St Patricks Day Many Australians celebrate St Patricks Day with a Guinness beer and a shepherd pie all the while wearing green shamrocks. The 17th of March marks the day on which Irelands patron saint, St Patrick passed away in the year 461.

With 300,300 Irish immigrants coming to Australia between 1840 and 1941, many families have a strong family history dating back to these immigrants or early Irish convicts.

St Patrick was born in Roman Britain late in the 4th Century.

with folklore documenting if one is to be lucky enough to see a leprechaun, they are advised to maintain eye contact and to catch the creature. If a leprechaun is to be caught, he will grant the capturer 3 wishes for his freedom.

Shamrocks are also associated with Irish culture and the luck

The exact location is unknown, but St Patrick ended up in Ireland when he was captured by Irish pirates and taken to be a slave in Dalriada Ireland. He escaped his captures in 432 but returned to Ireland later to convert Ireland to Christianity.

It is believed that he spent 6 years in captivity and through this time experienced guidance from God and was inspired to carry out his religious work. Through his work he was able to establish many schools, missionaries, monastery’s and churches.

Today St Patricks Day celebrates his life and his achievements.

As children we are taught about his religious work and how he chased all the snakes out of Ireland. The fact is that Ireland never had snakes because of its location and climate as well as the effects of the ice age. This tale which has been passed down through the generations is actually referring to how St Patrick successfully converted majority of pagans and druids rather then chasing out literal snakes.

St Patricks Day is now a day of celebrating Irish culture and while enjoying the Australian ties to a rich Irish heritage.

Leprechauns and Shamrocks Irish folklore has many tales of sprites, fairies, banshees, goblins and leprechauns among many other creatures. Many associate Irish culture with the little red headed man who sits on a pot of gold and slides down rainbows. Leprechauns get their name from the Gaelic expression, Leath Brogan, which translates to shoemaker. Leprechauns are often very mischievous creatures and revered as a good luck symbol 44 | Heartland Magazine

of the Irish. There is no doubt that the green rolling hills of Ireland are a magnificent allurement for many, and the shamrock clover is related to St Patricks Day. It is believed to be when St Patrick was speaking to the Celts about Christianity that he had trouble explaining to the people about the Holy Trinity. St Patrick was able to use the image of the shamrock to demonstrate the connection between The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit. This also tied in with the Celtic cross which allowed his followers a deeper understanding to his Christian teachings.

of beer being sold.

By the time Arthur died in 1803, St James Gate Brewery was a well established business which has been passed down through 5 generations from father to son.

Since these early years Guinness Stout has grown and changed through each generation and is sold now in over 150 countries. Guinness is now enjoyed by many with 10 million glasses relished each day as well as becoming a staple when celebrating St Patricks Day.

Arthur Guiness

Guinness At the age of 34, Arthur Guinness signed a 9000 year lease in Dublin at the St James Gate Brewery in 1759. 10 years on he had built the business so successfully that he was able to export his beer to England in 1769. In the 1770’s Arthur began brewing porter which is a darker beer than ale which uses roasted barley.

By 1799 he had stopped brewing ale all together and produced a product named West Indian Porter. This became what we know as Guinness Foreign Extra Stout today. Its unique taste became very popular all over the world and is 45% of this style

St James Gate Brewery

Hall of Fame - Paul Anka

Paul Albert Anka (born July 30, 1941) OC is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor of Syrian and Lebanese descent. Anka became famous with hit songs like “Diana”, “Lonely Boy”, “Put Your Head on My Shoulder”, and “(You’re) Having My Baby”. He wrote such

believed to be a lovestruck verse he had written to a former babysitter.

In an interview with NPR’s Terry Gross in 2005, he stated that it was to a girl at his church whom he hardly knew. The song “Diana” brought Anka stardom as it rocketed to No. 1 on the Canadian and US music charts. “Diana” is one of the best selling singles ever by a Canadian recording artist. He followed up with four songs that made it into the Top 20 in 1958, including “It’s Time to Cry”, which hit No. 4 and “(All Of a Sudden) My Heart Sings”, which reached No. 15, making him (at 17) one of the biggest teen idols of the time. He toured Britain, then Australia with Buddy Holly. Anka also wrote “It Doesn’t Matter Anymore” – a song written for Holly, which Holly recorded just before he died in 1959. Anka stated shortly afterward: “It Doesn’t Matter Anymore” has a tragic irony about it now, but at least it will help look after Buddy Holly’s family. I’m giving my composer’s royalty to his widow – it’s the least I can do.

Paul Anka’s talent included the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (reworked in 1962 from a song Anka wrote earlier called “Toot Sweet”; it had been rewritten with lyrics and recorded

by Annette Funicello in 1959 as “ It’s Really Love “). He wrote “Teddy” – a Top 20 hit for Connie Francis in 1960. Anka composed Tom Jones’s biggest hit record, “She’s a Lady”, and wrote the English lyrics to “My Way”, Frank Sinatra’s signature song (originally the French song “Comme d’habitude”). In the 1960s, Anka began acting in motion pictures as well as writing songs for them, most notably the theme for the hit film The Longest Day (which also was the official march of the Canadian Airborne Regiment), in which he made a cameo appearance as a US Army Ranger. For his film work he wrote and recorded one of his greatest hits, “Lonely Boy”. He also wrote and recorded “My Home Town”, which was a No. 8 pop hit for him the same year. He then went on to become one of the first pop singers to perform at the Las Vegas casinos. In 1960, he appeared twice as himself in NBC’s short-lived crime drama Dan Raven.

Paul Anka - 1961

well-known music as the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and one of Tom Jones’s biggest hits, “She’s a Lady”.

He also wrote the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux’s music for Frank Sinatra’s signature song, “My Way”, which has been recorded by many, including Elvis Presley.

In 1983, he co-wrote the song “I Never Heard” with Michael Jackson. It was retitled and released in 2009, under the name “This Is It”.An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from the 1983 session, “Love Never Felt So Good”, was released in 2014 on Jackson’s posthumous album Xscape. The song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984.

Anka became a naturalized US citizen in 1990.

Young years Anka was born in Ottawa, Canada, to Camelia (née Tannis) and Andrew Emile “Andy” Anka Sr., who owned a restaurant called the Locanda. His parents were both Antiochian Orthodox Christians.

Anka’s father (Andy) was Syrian-Canadian from ‘Uyūn al-Wādī, Syria, from the Na’Nou’ family and his mother (Camelia) was Lebanese-Canadian “from the town of Kfar Mechki , Rashaya District, in Lebanon”. She died when he was 18.

Anka sang with the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Cathedral choir under the direction of Frederick Karam, with whom he studied music theory. He studied piano with Winnifred Rees. He attended Fisher Park High School, where he was part of a vocal trio called the Bobby Soxers.

Early success Paul Anka recorded his first single, “I Confess”, when he was 14. In 1957, with $100 given to him by his uncle, he went to New York City where he auditioned for Don Costa at ABC, singing what was widely 46 | Heartland Magazine

In the early 1970s, he signed with Buddah Records, putting out two albums, a self-titled and Jubilation. The former, first released in 1971, bore the track “She’s a Lady”, a song he wrote that would become a signature hit for Welsh singer Tom Jones that same year. Anka failed to make a chart success of his own version.

1970s chart comeback Frustrated after more than ten years without a top 25 hit record, Anka switched labels again, which marked a turning point in his career.

This time he signed with United Artists and in 1974 teamed up with Odia Coates to record the No. 1 hit, “(You’re) Having My Baby”, exposing Anka to a new generation of fans and proved his staying power among his original fan base that was now maturing.

1990s comeback His 1998 album A Body of Work was his first new US studio release since Walk a Fine Line in 1983; vocalists and performers included Celine Dion, Kenny G, Patti LaBelle, and Skyler Jett. The album included a new version of “Hold Me ‘Til the Morning Comes”, once again performed with Peter Cetera. In 2005, his album of big-band arrangements of contemporary standards, Rock Swings, provided a mainstream comeback of sorts that saw him awarded a star on Canada’s Walk of Fame in Toronto.

On October 12, 2009, Anka stated that Michael Jackson’s new release titled “This Is It” was a collaborative effort between the two in 1983. According to Anka, after recording the song, Jackson decided not to use it and the tune was then recorded and released

by Sa-Fire. After Anka threatened to sue for credit and a share of royalties, the administrators of Jackson’s estate granted Anka 50% of the copyright. An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from this 1983 session, “Love Never Felt So Good”, was discovered shortly thereafter. His album Songs of December charted at No. 58 in Canada in November 2011. On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Paul Anka among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

Heartland Magazine | 47

AUSSIE MOTORING

The History of Holden The Holden Astra continued from Issue 37

Fifth generation (AH; 2004–2009) The fifth generation AH Astra, based on the Delta I platform Opel Astra H was launched in November 2004 as a five-door hatchback only, manufactured in Belgium, selling alongside a Polish-built Astra TS sedan and hatchback. The sedan and hatchback TS Astra models carried a “Astra Classic” badge, but were finally dropped in late 2005, replaced by the Holden Viva, a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti. Between 2003 and 2004, the Holden Viva was marketed in Australia as a Daewoo Lacetti before Holden withdrew the brand from Australia due to unsustainably poor sales amid quality & reliability issues.

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Like the previous generation, the AH series was found to provide an “average” level of safety according to the 2008 Used Car Safety

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equivalent, lights on all models, new 16 inch alloy design for CDX and CDTi models, and black tinted headlamps for sport variants. The 1.8-litre petrol engine also benefited from an upgrade to Z18XER with a power upgrade from 90 kilowatts (120 hp) to 103 kilowatts (138 hp). The 2.2-litre engines available in the SRi, and Twin Top remained the same, as did the 2.0-litre turbo in the Astra SRi Turbo.

MY08: changes from October 2007 saw the deletion of the five-door SRi, leaving only the SRi coupé, and the Twin Top with the 2.2-litre engine.

MY08.5: minor, non-cosmetic update from May 2008 onwards.

MY08.5 Astras received electronic stability control (ESC) as standard fitment across the entire lineup. ESC was previously limited to SRi and CDTi variants. This series also marked the return of the five-door SRi, although it was now standard with the 1.8 – as opposed to the 2.2-litre petrol engine previously fitted.

This engine change also affected the coupé SRi variant, but not the Twin Top. The Astra wagon range was also expanded to include the diesel engine option available already on the hatchback.

Although only offered with an automatic transmission, the diesel CDTi wagon marked the return of the Astra wagon to the New Zealand market after its discontinuation after the TS series.

MY09: The CD and CDX hatchback and station wagon variants reverted to the black bezel projector-style headlamps.

Specification levels

• • • Ratings. At launch, AH Astras came with front- and side-impact airbags as standard inclusions, allowing the Astra to receive a threestar ANCAP crash safety rating.

Holden suspended importation of the AH Astra on 20 April 2009, citing currency fluctuations, perceived poor resale value and build quality problems. Holden’s import cessation, which resulted in no Astras arriving during June and July 2009, coincided with the introduction of the Holden Cruze, reported to be the direct replacement for the Holden Astra. On 31 August 2009, Holden confirmed that the cessation of Astra imports would become permanent, with no intention of further imports of either the then current AH series or the next generation car. Holden stated their small car efforts would now be focused on the new Cruze, instead of the unsuccessful Astra.

Model year changes

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MY05: the AH range expanded in August 2005 with the release of the Astra station wagon to uplift slow sales.

MY06.5: Quality control related revisions from June 2006 added head-protecting side curtain airbags as standard equipment for the CDX. Also released was the turbodiesel hatchback, badged CDTi. Two versions of the diesel were offered: a 1.9litre version with 100 kilowatts (130 hp) teamed with a six-speed manual transmission known as the Z19DTH, and a six-speed automatic model with the Z19DT, producing 78 kilowatts (105 hp). This was a first for the Astra in Australia, but not New Zealand where the Astra TS had previously been offered with a 1.7-litre turbodiesel. Acceleration was fair to average, but fuel economy was improved over the outgoing model.

MY07: models appeared in January 2007, coinciding with the release of the Astra SRi and Twin Top convertible. Both releases came with a more powerful 2.2-litre Z22YH petrol engine producing 100 kilowatts (130 hp), available with the six-speed manual or four-speed automatic.

MY07.5: in April 2007 the Astra line-up received a facelift including a tweaked front grille which added a “V” shaped centre in the chrome strip which was also shared by its UK Vauxhall

48 | Heartland Magazine

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CD: was the base model with the smaller Z18XE engine (later the Z18XER) CDX: added 16 inch alloy wheels.

CDXi: versions added adjustable front seats, air conditioning and curtain airbags. Discontinued after MY06.

CDTi: diesel-powered version of the CDX. SRi: was the sport model of the AH series Astra, equipped with leather seats, climate control and 17-inch alloy wheels.

SRi Turbo: was the larger 2.0-litre Z20LER engine.

Special editions

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60th Anniversary: editions were introduced to commemorate the 60th anniversary since the first Holden, the 48-215 which the Astra was styled after. 60th Anniversary models included 15-inch alloy wheels and steering wheel radio controls.

CD Equipe: These models gained the 15-inch alloy wheels, and rear power windows at no extra cost during 2006 and 2007.

HSV VXR Turbo

The Opel Astra OPC (with Vauxhall’s V-grille and VXR badge) was marketed in Australia as the HSV VXR Turbo by Holden Special Vehicles from 2006 to 2009, fitted with the 177 kW (236 hp) Z20LEH engine. In July 2008, HSV released a “Nürburgring” special edition.

A HSV VXR Turbo driven by Dutchman Ivo Breukers and Australians Morgan Haber and Damian Ward, won Class E for “Production

AUSSIE MOTORING (Performance)” cars at the 2013 Liqui Moly 12 Hour in Australia on 10 February. The trio finished 18th outright and covered 229 laps of the 6.213 km (3.861 mi) Mount Panorama Circuit, a total distance of 1,422.77 km (884 mi).

Sixth generation (PJ; 2015–2016) The sixth generation Astra is based on General Motors’ Delta II platform and went on sale in 2015. The same car was part of a failed attempt by Opel to establish itself in Australia between 2012 and 2013.

The range included the Astra GTC, GTC Sport and VXR three-door hatchbacks, sold at significant lower prices than the preceding Opel models. The VXR featured a turbocharged 2.0 L direct injection engine with a power of 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) and torque of 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft).

Seventh generation (BK, BL; 2016–2020) Holden announced in early 2015 that the fifth-generation Opel Astra will be sold in Australia, from 2016 with the Holden Cruze’s future uncertain. In late 2015, Holden announced that the Astra and second-generation Cruze will be sold alongside each other. In January 2017 it was revealed that both the Astra and Cruze would be sold together under the Astra nameplate, with Holden taking only the hatch variant of the Opel Astra as the “new Astra hatch,” and the second-generation Cruze sedan imported as the “new Astra sedan.” Neither the Opel Astra sedan nor Chevrolet Cruze hatch would be imported by Holden.

A wagon variant of the Astra hatch launched in October 2017, available in LS+ and LT trims, with an exclusive 1.4-litre turbo engine mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. Unlike the Astra hatch and sedan which are produced in Poland and South Korea respectively, the Astra Wagon is produced at Vauxhall’s Ellesmere Port manufacturing facility in the UK. The new Cruze-based BL Astra sedan was released in June 2017 with four models forming the lineup, but instead being referred to as LS, LS+, LT and LTZ. Whilst the Astra hatch is available with either 1.4-litre turbo or 1.6-litre turbo engines, the Astra sedan is only available with the 1.4-litre turbo, and the six-speed manual is limited to the base LS model, with all other models having a standard six-speed automatic transmission.

In 2017, Holden released a station wagon to complement the BK Astra hatchback. It was based on the Vauxhall Astra sportwagon sold in the United Kingdom.

On the 10th of December 2019, Holden announced it would be discontinuing the Astra, (and Commodore), nameplates. They sighted a lack of sales drive in each of the irrespective categories, turning instead to develop their SUV and Ute range.

Sales Sales of the BK Astra commenced in November 2016. Initially slow with manual transmission being the only option, sales have picked up with the introduction of an automatic transmission, as well as sedan and wagon variants, in 2017. As of June 2018, Holden announced that the best-selling Astra Sedan variant would be removed from sale due to ongoing supply issues from the GM Korea plant, and discontinue the Astra Wagon variant due to slow sales. Both variants will still appear on their website until stock is exhausted.

In the next edition of Heartland Magazine, we will be bringing you the much anticipated history of the Commodore from 1978 - 2020, as well as derivatives of the Commodore brand and export history

The new BK Astra hatch went on sale in December 2016 with three models forming the lineup: R, RS and RS-V. Holden had later added an R+ grade which includes the autonomous safety pack. Only a six-speed manual was available from launch on the 1.6-litre turbo models, with the automatic becoming available in March 2017.

Heartland Magazine | 49

TRUCKING HISTORY

The History of Scania Part 2 final Trucks and special vehicles Scania develops, manufactures and sells trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of more than 16 tonnes (Class 8), intended for long-distance haulage, regional, and local distribution of goods, as well as construction haulage.

The 1963 forward-control LB76 forged Scania-Vabis’s reputation outside Sweden, being one of the first exhaustively crash-tested truck cabs.

Current All current trucks from Scania are part of the PRT-range, but are marketed as different series based on the general cab height.

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P-series – launched in August 2004, typical applications are regional and local distribution, construction, and various specialised operations associated with locally based transportation and services.

P-series trucks have the new P cabs, which are available in several variations: a single-berth sleeper, a spacious day cab, a short cab and a crew cab G-series – launched in September 2007, the series offer an enlarged range of options for operators engaged in national long haul and virtually all types of construction applications. All models have a G cab, and each is available as a tractor or rigid. The G-series truck comes with five cab variants: three sleepers, a day cab and a short cab. There are different axle configurations, and in most cases a choice of chassis height and suspension R-series – launched in March 2004, and won the prestigious International Truck of the Year award in 2005 and again in 2010.

The range offers various trucks optimised for long haulage. All models have a Scania R cab, and each vehicle is available as a tractor or rigid. There are different axle configurations and a choice of chassis height and suspension. The Scania R 730 is the most powerful variant of the R-series. Its 16.4-litre DC16 Turbo Diesel V8 engine produces 730 PS (540 kW; 720 hp) at 1,900 rpm and 3,500 N⋅m (2,600 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1,000–1,350 rpm.

S-series – launched in August 2016. It is the highest cab Scania has ever built. It features a completely flat floor and a low bed that is extendable up to 100 cm (about 3.28 feet).

L-series – launched in December 2017. It has an even lower cab than the P-series, and is optimised for distribution and other shorthaul duties.

Buses and coaches

has always been concentrated on chassis, intended for use with anything between tourist coaches to city traffic, but ever since the 1950s, when the company was still known as Scania-Vabis, they have manufactured complete buses for their home markets of Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia, and since the 1990s even for major parts of Europe Chassis Scania-Vabis was involved in bus production from its earliest days, producing mail buses in the 1920s.

In 1946, the company introduced their B-series of bus chassis, with the engine mounted above the front-axle, giving a short front overhang and the door behind the front-axle.

The first generation consisted of the B15/B16, the B20/ B21/B22 and the B31, primarily divided Scania-Vabis B15V bodied by Helko in Finland in 1949. by weight class, and then by wheelbase. The latter became upgraded in 1948 and renamed 2B20/2B21/2B22 and 3B31. The T31/T32 trolleybus chassis was also available from 1947. In 1950, the next generation was introduced, with the B41/B42, the B61/B62/B63/B64 and later the B83. From then, Scania-Vabis also offered the BF-series chassis, available as BF61/BF62/ BF63, which had the engine more conventionally mounted before the front-axle, leaving room for the door on a longer front overhang. From 1954, the B-series came as B51 and B71, and the BF as BF71 and later BF73. In 1959, the B55, B65 and B75, plus the BF75 were introduced, and were from 1963 available as B56, B66 and B76, plus the BF56 and BF76.

Before the rebranding to Scania in 1968, Scania-Vabis had delivered a very limited number of CR76 chassis-frameworks (less actual bodywork) with transversally rear-mounted engine for external bodying, based on the complete bus with the same name. From 1968 it was also delivered as a standard bus chassis known as BR110. The other chassis models were renamed too, so the Scania-Vabis B56/B76 became the Scania B80/ B110 and the BF56/BF76 became BF80/BF110. The numbers in the new model designations were based on the engine displacement (8 and 11 litre), a scheme that Scania used for almost 40 years.

In 1971, a new range of longitudinally mounted rear-engined chassis was launched, with the BR85 and its larger brother, the V8-powered 14-litre BR145, targeted at the coach market. In Brazil, the higher powered version was equipped with the standard 11-litre instead of the V8, known as the BR115. Also the BR111 was launched as the replacement for the BR110, being derived from the CR111 complete bus. In 1976, many of the models were renewed, and designations were upped from 80 and 85 to 86, and from 110 to 111, except the BR145 which was later replaced by the BR116 in 1978.

The BR112 was launched in 1978 as a forerunner to the 2-series, replacing the BR111. The rest of the 2-series were launched in 1981 with the F82/F112 replacing the BF86/BF111 and the S82/S112 replacing the B86/B111, and then in 1982 the K82/K112 replacing the BR86/ BR116. The BR112 was then updated to the N112 in 1984, and a tri-axle version of the K112 became available, known as the K112T. In 1985, the K82 and F82 were replaced by the 8.5-litre engined K92 and F92. Frontengined versions were in general discontinued on the European markets in the mid-1980s, but production continued in Brazil.

Scania’s coach

Scania R 730 LA4x2MNB with the 2009 facelift.

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bus and range

In 1988, the 3-series was introduced, continuing the main models of the 2-series. In 1990, the new L113 became available, with a longitudinally rear-mounted engine which was inclined 60° to the left, to make a lower height than the K113. The 4-series was launched in 1997, continuing all model characteristics from the 3-series, but with all of them being just modular configurations of the basic chassis. The 8.5-litre engine was replaced by a 9-litre, and the 11-litre was replaced by an 11.7-litre. They were joined by a 10.6-litre engine in 2000.

TRUCKING HISTORY

The current Scania’s bus and coach range has been available since 2006, and is marketed as the K-series, N-series and F-series, based on the engine position.

Complete buses Scania-Vabis’ first complete bus model was the transversally rear-engined commuter bus Metropol (C50), which was built in the workshop in Södertälje on licence from the Mack C50 in 1953-1954 for customer Stockholms Spårvägar. It was followed in 1955 by the slightly shorter city bus version Capitol (C70/C75/C76), which was manufactured until 1964. In 1959, the front-engined CF-series was introduced with the CF65 and CF75 (later CF66 and CF76). The CF-series was built until 1966.

In 1965, the rear-engined CR76 was introduced as a replacement for the Capitol. It was available in two versions; the CR76M with double doors (2-2-0) for city and suburban traffic, and the CR76L with single doors (1-1-0) for longer distances. Because of Sweden’s switch to right-hand traffic in September 1967 and the need for new buses with doors on the right-hand side, the model sold well. With the rebranding from ScaniaVabis to Scania in 1968, the model was renamed CR110 (CR110M and CR110L). In 1967, the coachwork manufacturer Svenska Karosseri Verkstäderna (SKV) in Katrineholm was acquired, and all production of bus chassis soon moved there too. Together with the rebranding in 1968, Scania re-introduced the front-engined CF range for customers in Sweden as a body-on-chassis product with the newly acquired SKV’s former bodywork model “6000” on standard Scania chassis, but less than 100 were delivered until 1970. The CF110L (BF110 chassis) was the most successful, while a handful of C80L (B80) and C110L (B110) were made.

In 1971, the CR110 was upgraded and became the CR111. With extended sound-proofing for its time, it was marketed as the “silent bus”.

The same year, Scania also introduced a new range of longitudally rearengined coaches known as the CR85 and the CR145. While CR85 had the small 8-litre engine, the CR145 was powered by a 14-litre V8 engine.

The coaches were built until 1978, but never sold very well. In 1973, one right-hand drive CR145 prototype was built in Sweden, with the finishing touches done by MCW, but it remained the only one of its kind. The CR111 was replaced by the all-new CR112 in 1978. With its angular design, the CR112 was called a “shoebox”. As with the BR112 chassis being renamed the N112, the CR112 was renamed the CN112 in 1984, and it was also launched in an articulated version. A North American version of the CN112 was built in around 250 units between 1984 and 1988. The CK112 was launched as a simple coach or intercity bus in 1986, sharing most of the styling with the CN112. With the launch of the 3-series in 1988, both the CN112 and CK112 were upgraded to CN113 and CK113. The CK113 was replaced by the L113-based CL113 in 1991 with new rectangular headlights, but production ended in 1992. Less than 100 units of the CK112/CK113/CL113 were ever built.

The MaxCi (CN113CLL), launched in 1992, was Scania’s first ever low-entry bus, with a low floor between the front and centre doors, and kneeling to make entering even easier. The bodywork was based on the CN113, but with a lowered window line in the front half, and a new front including the headlights from the CL113. In 1996, the aluminium body OmniCity was launched as Scania’s first full low-floor bus, and in 1998 the MaxCi was replaced by the OmniLink, which shared styling with the OmniCity. A step-entrance intercity bus returned with the OmniLine in 2000. In 2007, Scania returned to the complete coach market with the Finnish-built OmniExpress, which in 2011 even replaced the OmniLine, which had gone out of production in 2009.

Scania’s current styling was first seen in 2009, with the launch of the Touring coach, manufactured by Higer Bus in China, and in 2011 the Citywide was launched to replace both the OmniCity and the OmniLink.

Scania in India launched their very own Metrolink coach in 2013, built at their plant there. The latest addition to Scania’s complete bus models is the Interlink, which was launched in October 2015 to replace the OmniExpress.

Buses through collaborations In addition to supplying chassis for external bodywork, and their own bodyworks, Scania have also collaborated with some bodywork manufacturers to deliver buses through Scania’s distribution lines, both on a global base and on smaller markets.

In 1969, Scania teamed up with MCW to make the Metro-Scania singledecker for the UK market based on the BR110MH, and since 1971 the

BR111MH chassis. In 1973, it was replaced by the Metropolitan doubledecker, built on the BR111DH chassis. Production ended in 1978, when the BR111 was replaced by the BR112. East Lancashire Coachbuilders (ELC) launched their low-entry MaxCi in 1993, one year after Scania’s own left-hand drive version. It was followed by the L113-based European in 1995 until 1996. In 2003, ELC was back with both the OmniDekka double-decker and the OmniTown midibus to complement Scania’s own OmniCity.

Since the mid-1990s, Scania started a long-lasting collaboration with Spanish bus builder Irizar to sell their coaches through Scania’s global distribution network. The agreement meant that Scania had exclusive distribution rights for all Irizar coaches in Northern Europe for many years. The most widespread model was the Irizar Century, but later also the Irizar PB was sold as Scania’s premium coach.

In 1985, Scania’s Norwegian distributor and the Finnish bus builder Ajokki announced the Scania Classic, a coach built exclusively for Norway. It was technically based on Ajokki’s own Royal coach model, but received its own styling details.

Ikarus E99 on Scania K124EB chassis In 1990, when Ajokki had become Carrus, the second generation was launched based on the Vector/Regal models. The third generation from 1995 was also available in Sweden and Finland in limited numbers, and the fourth and last generation from 2001 was built with the same bodywork as the Volvo 9700. Volvo, who had bought Carrus in 1998, put the foot down against any further Scanias with this bodywork from 2002, and since then Scania instead put the “Classic” sticker on all Irizar Century sold in Norway for several years. The collaboration also led to some Norway-exclusive intercity buses; the Scania Cruiser (Ajokki Victor), Scania Universal (Carrus Fifty) and Scania InterClassic (Carrus Vega), but neither of these had special styling, nor as successful as the Classic.

In 2006, Scania and Higer Bus announced the A80, the first coach in the Higer A Series of coaches built on Scania chassis in China. The coaches are generally available in Asia, but the A30 is also available in Europe as an affordable intercity bus or simple coach. Even the A80 is globally available, but under make-up known as the Scania Touring HD, also referred to as the A80T. Since 2012, Scania and Belgian bus manufacturer Van Hool offer some of their most luxurious coaches from their TX series on Scania K EB chassis, including the Astronef with theatrical floor, the Astromega double-decker and the Altano. Since 2014, also the Exqui.City BRT concept is available on Scania N UA chassis with CNG-powered engines.

Diesel engines In addition to bus and truck engines, Scania’s industrial and marine engines are used in generator sets and in earthmoving and agricultural machinery, as well as on board ships and pleasure crafts.

Scania’s involvement with internal combustion engine production dates back to 1897, when engineer Gustav Erickson designed the engine for the company’s first motor car. Over the subsequent years, Scania has grown to be one of the world’s most experienced engine manufacturers, building engines not only for trucks and buses, but also for marine and general industrial applications, which are exported across the globe.

Year in parentheses is first year of application in road vehicles.

In the next edition of Heartland Magazine we look at the history of Isuzu Motors

Heartland Magazine | 51

MOTORCYCLE HISTORY - Norton Motorcycle Company Part 1 The first Norton logo was a fairly simple, art nouveau design, with the name spelled in capitals. However, a new logo appeared on the front of the catalogue for 1914, which was a joint effort by James Norton and his daughter Ethel. It became known as the “curly N” logo, with only the initial letter as a capital, and was used by the company

The Norton Motorcycle Company (formerly Norton Motors, Ltd.) is an English motorcycle marque, originally from Birmingham, England, UK. Was founded in 1898 as a manufacturer of “fittings and parts for the two-wheel trade”. By 1902 the company had begun manufacturing motorcycles with bought-in engines. In 1908 a Norton-built engine was added to the range. This began a long series of production of single and eventually twin-cylinder motorcycles, and a long history of racing involvement.

Production of the military Model 16 H and Big 4 sidevalve motorcycles was Norton’s contribution to the WWII war effort, almost 100,000 being manufactured.

When major shareholders started to leave Norton in 1953 the company declined and Associated Motor Cycles bought the shares.

Although motorcycle sales went through a recession in the 1950s, and Norton Motors Ltd was only a small manufacturer, Norton sales flourished. A series of Norton Dominator Twins of 500 cc, then 600 cc, then 650 cc and then the 750 cc Norton Atlas kept sales buoyant, especially with sales to the United States.

In 1968 the new 750 cc Norton Commando Model appeared, with the engine/gearbox/swingarm unit isolastically insulated from the frame with a series of rubber mountings. This kept the vibrations from the rider, giving a smooth comfortable ride. The Commando was a best seller, and voted #1 Motorcycle of the Year a number of times in Britain. 850 cc models appeared for 1973, giving more torque. For 1975 an electric start arrived in the 850 Mk3.

The largest UK motorcycle manufacturer at the time was BSATriumph, comprising Birmingham Small Arms Company in Birmingham, and Triumph Motorcycles in Meriden. BSA-Triumph faced difficulties caused by poor management, outdated union practices, old-fashioned motorcycle designs and antiquated factory conditions. A merger with Norton Motorcycles was proposed; but although Dennis Poore’s Norton Motorcycles was by far the smaller partner, Poore effectively secured a take-over of BSA-Triumph, forming Norton Villiers Triumph (NVT). The Triumph factory Meriden was the least modern; but workers engaged in a “sit-in”, forming a workers’ co-operative. Poore was CEO of Manganese Bronze Holdings, a company apparently more concerned with asset stripping than with motorcycle production. Subsequent political manoeuvrings led to the downfall of NVT, as taxpayer-assisted wranglings over amalgamations and sell-offs all but killed the once extensive UK motorcycle industry.

In late 2008 Stuart Garner, a UK businessman, bought the rights to Norton from some US concerns and relaunched Norton in its Midlands home at Donington Park where it will develop the 961cc Norton Commando, and a new range of Norton motorcycles.

Early history The original company was formed by James Lansdowne Norton (known as “Pa”) at 320, Bradford Street, Birmingham, in 1898.

In 1902 Norton began building motorcycles with French and Swiss engines. In 1907 a Norton ridden by Rem Fowler won the twincylinder class in the first Isle of Man TT race, beginning a sporting tradition that went on until the 1960s. The first Norton engines were made in 1907, with production models available from 1908. These were the 3.5 hp (490 cc) and the ‘Big 4’ (633cc), beginning a line of side-valve single-cylinder engines which continued with few changes until the late 1950s.

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1907 Norton

thereafter, first appearing on actual motorcycles in 1915. Ethel Norton also did some testing of her father’s motorcycles.

In 1913 the business declined, and R. T. Shelley & Co., the main creditors, intervened and saved it. Norton Motors Ltd was formed shortly afterwards under joint directorship of James Norton and Bob Shelley. Shelley’s brother-in-law was tuner Dan O’Donovan, and he managed to set a significant number of records on the Norton by 1914 when the war broke out - and as competition motorcycling was largely suspended during the hosilities, these records still stood when production restarted after the war. 1914 Dan O’Donovan records set in April 1914 : • • • •

Under 500 cc flying km 81.06 mph, flying mile 78.60 mph - 490 cc Norton Under 750 cc flying km and flying mile see above Under 500 cc with sidecar flying km 65.65 mph, flying mile 62.07 mph - 490 cc Norton Under 750 cc with sidecar flying km and flying mile see above

On 17 July 1914 O’Donovan also took the flying 5 mile record at 75.88 mph, and the standing start 10 mile record at 73.29 mph, again on the 490 cc Norton.

First World War Norton continued production of their 3.5 hp and Big 4 singles well into the war period, though in November 1916 the Ministry of Munitions issued an order that no further work on motor cycles or cars would be allowed from 15 November 1916 without a permit. By this time most motor cycle companies were already either producing munitions (or aircraft parts), or devoted to the export trade. Norton were involved in exporting and earlier that year had announced a new ‘Colonial Model’ of their 633cc Big 4. This featured an increase in ground clearance from 4.25” to 6.5”, by altering the frame, larger tank, greater clearance on mudguards, and a sturdy rear carrier. The engine was unaltered, and transmission was via a Sturmey-Archer 3-speed gearbox.

In February 1918 Motor Cycle reported on a visit to Norton Motors.

Mr Norton had stated that he expected three post-war models, the 3.5 hp 490 cc TT with belt drive (for the ‘speed merchant’), and two utility mounts, one with detuned TT engine, and the other being the Big Four for very heavy solo or sidecar work, both of these with three-speed Sturmey-Archer countershaft gearbox and all chain drive.

It was also stated that he had been experimenting with aluminium pistons, and that Norton had produced a book of driving hints which also contained details of their Military and Empire models.

In May 1918 Norton stated in one of their adverts that ‘The ministry

MOTORCYCLE HISTORY - Norton Motorcycle Company Part 1 After the Second World War, Norton reverted to civilian motorcycle production, gradually increasing its range. A major addition in 1949 was the twin cylinder Model 7, known as the Norton Dominator, a pushrod 500 cc twin-cylinder machine designed by Bert Hopwood.

Its chassis was derived from the ES2 single, with telescopic front and plunger rear suspension, and an updated version of the gearbox known as the “lay-down” box. More shapely mudguards and tanks completed the more modern styling to Nortons new premium model twin.

A British Army Norton and sidecar in Belgium, May 1940

are taking the whole of our present output, but we have a waiting list’ - this advert also uses the “Unapproachable Norton” phrase. Few Norton WD models appear in the For Sale column of The Motor Cycle after the war, suggesting they were shipped abroad, apparently one order going to the Russian Army. The 1913-1917 Red Book listing UK Motor, Marine and Aircraft production shows Norton dropped from a full range in 1916, to only the Military Big Four in 1917.

Norton struggled to reclaim its pre-WWII racing dominance as the single-cylinder machine faced fierce competition from the multi-cylinder Italian machines and AJS from the UK. In the 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, the first year of the world championship, Norton made only fifth place and AJS won. That was before the Featherbed frame appeared, developed for Norton by the McCandless brothers of Belfast in January 1950, used in the legendary Manx Norton and raced by riders including Geoff Duke, John Surtees and Derek Minter. Very quickly the featherbed frame, a design that allowed the construction of a motorcycle with good massstiffness distribution, became a benchmark by which all other frames were judged.

Norton also experimented with engine placement, and discovered that moving the engine slightly up/down, forward/back, or even right/ left, could deliver a “sweet spot” in terms of handling. Motorcycle designers still use this method to fine-tune motorcycle handling.

Inter-War years Norton resumed deliveries of civilian motorcycles in April 1919 with models aimed at motorcyclists who enjoyed the reliability and performance offered by long-stroke single-cylinder engines with separate gearboxes.

Norton also resumed racing and in 1924 the Isle of Man Senior TT was the first win with a race average speed over 60 mph, rider Alec Bennett. Norton won this event ten times until they withdrew from racing in 1938.

J.L. Norton died in 1925 aged only 56, but he saw his motorcycles win the Senior and sidecar TTs in 1924, specifically with the 500 cc Model 18, Norton’s first overhead valve single.

Designed by Walter Moore, the Norton CS1 engine appeared in 1927, based closely on the ES2 pushrod engine and using many of its parts. Moore was hired away to NSU in 1930, after which Arthur Carroll designed an entirely new OHC engine destined to become the basis for all later OHC and DOHC Norton singles. (Moore’s move to NSU prompted his former staff to quip NSU stood for “Norton Spares Used”) The Norton racing legend began in the 1930s. Of the nine Isle of Man Senior TTs (500 cc) between 1931 and 1939, Norton won seven.

Until 1934 Norton bought Sturmey-Archer gearboxes and clutches.

When Sturmey discontinued production Norton bought the design rights and had them made by Burman, a manufacturer of proprietary gearboxes.

Second World War Norton started making military motorcycles again in 1936 after a tender process in 1935 where a modified Norton 16H beat contenders. From 900 in 1936 to 2000 in 1937, Norton was ahead of the competition as war loomed, and there was good reason in terms of spares and maintenance for the military to keep to the same model. Between 1937 and 1945 nearly a quarter (over 100,000) of all British military motorcycles were Nortons, basically the WD 16H (solo) and WD Big Four outfit with driven sidecar wheel.

Post-war The Isle of Man Senior TT successes continued after the war, with Nortons winning every year from 1947 to 1954.

Norton Big Four (1952 model)

In 1951 the Norton Dominator was made available to export markets as the Model 88 with the Featherbed frame. Later, as production of this frame increased, it became a regular production model, and was made in variants for other models, including the OHV single-cylinder machines.

Manx Nortons also played a significant role in the development of post war car racing. At the end of 1950, the English national 500 cc regulations were adopted as the new Formula 3. The JAP Speedway engine had dominated the category initially but the Manx was capable of producing significantly more power and became the engine of choice. Many complete motorcycles were bought in order to strip the engine for 500 cc car racing, as Norton would not sell separate engines.

The racing successes were transferred to the street through cafe racers, some of which would use the featherbed frame with an engine from another manufacturer to make a hybrid machine with the best of both worlds. The most famous of these were Tritons - Triumph twin engines in a Norton featherbed frame.

Part 2 of the Norton Motorcycle Company in the next edition of Heartland Magazine

Heartland Magazine | 53

Uki and South Arm History UKI “NORCO” BUTTER FACTORY HISTORY Mr John Peate bought crown land at Uki on the 13th December 1905. His family erected a tent and sold homemade lollies at the site where the “Norco” factory was later built.

In 1908 local dairy farmers approached the North Coast Co-operative Butter Company to have a butter factory built in Uki. They had to have sufficient shareholders to buy 2000 shares and a guarantee to supply sufficient cream to have an output of two and a half tons of butter per week. The establishment of the butter factory at Uki was largely due to the efforts of Mr Gerald Parker of Uki, who realised that if dairying was to be a success the cream must be treated as close to home as possible. About the time of the opening of the Uki factory Gerald Parker accepted a seat on the board of the North Coast Co-operative Company and he remained a director until the time of his death (1932) - a period of 22 years.

The Board decided in December 1908 that the establishment of a factory at Uki was justified. The land was sold to the Co-operative by John Peat on the 16th August 1909. The plan of the proposed factory, to be built at a cost of £2300, was adopted by the board in November 1909. The construction was supervised

by Mr Fraser, North Coast Company’s head carpenter and the building carried out by the company’s own staff. The timber used was hardwood and the appearance generally very solid and substantial. The factory is situated on the main business side of Kyogle Road next to the Uki Hall Park and having the river at the back. The engine shed was a separate building situated at the rear of the factory. The cost of construction and land was £2672.

Two cottages for employees were erected at the same time (one for the manager 1450 Kyogle Rd. and the other for the engineer1452 Kyogle Rd.).

A branch of the North Coast Co-operative Butter Company was opened at Uki Wednesday 26th October 1910 by Mr W. R. Baker Chairman of Directors. On declaring the factory open, Mr Baker cut a ribbon and the whole of the machinery was there upon set in motion. In the engine-room one dairyman had arranged a bottle of milk so that on the first revolution of the large flywheel the contents of the bottle were dashed on the engine, the christening being thus done in milk, which was very fitting. Over 400 persons were present. A banquet followed with councillor D.C. Marshall presiding.

The factory commenced work on Friday 28th October 1910.

Northern Star Lismore Thurs 16 Oct 1913 p8, Uki: Under the favourable weather conditions of the past fortnight the cream supply at the local factory is rapidly increasing. ….

Tweed Daily Mon 31 Aug 1914 p2, Blaze at Uki: At about 2 am yesterday, an outbreak of fire occurred at Uki, which resulted in the absolute destruction of the E. S. & A. Bank premises, J. F. Ryder’s Auction Mart, the Post Office, Mr A. S. Loder’s private dwelling and also his store. The adjoining premises on either side of this block…. were saved by…. the desperate efforts of a “bucket brigade” of local residents….. the inability to obtain adequate water was, of course, a foregone matter. Hoses were obtained from the butter factory, and these were utilised to fill the buckets, from the tanks, thus saving carrying to and fro the fire….

Among a host of fire-fighters, it seems invidious to mention anyone in particular, but local opinion was unanimous that the butter factory engineer Mr Mitchell, was a host in himself…..

1914 the Uki factory turned over 149 tons of butter.

In the early days of the village the cool rooms of the old butter factory were used to keep the Mount Warning Hotel beer kegs 54 | Heartland Magazine

Uki Butter Factory circa 1915 Photo courtesy Tweed Regional Museum UA-20

cold and some factory workers were known to top them on the sly.

Tweed Daily Tues 16 Jan 1923 p2, Breakdown at Uki Butter Factory: A breakdown occurred at the North Coast Company’s butter factory at Uki on Saturday morning. The mishap being of a serious nature, it was found necessary to send the cream to the company’s factory at Murwillumbah. Repairs have been going on during the past few days, and the manager, speaking to a “Tweed Daily” representative, yesterday afternoon, said that in all probability work would resume again today.

Tweed Daily Tues 19 Dec 1933 p2, Uki Butter Factory Production Record Broken: During the past three weeks, production of butter at Norco’s factory at Uki has been higher than at any time since the factory was established. The previous best for a week was 19 tons 5cwt, but the record of last week was 21 tons 5cwt, with 21 and 20 and a half tons for the two preceding weeks.

A decision was made in 1938 to rebuild the Uki Factory (6, p28) [by replacing the timber walls] with reinforced concrete and steel with a high quality render finish.

Northern Star Wed 12 October 1938 p5, Renovations….

Work at the Uki factory is proceeding satisfactorily…. During the work at the branch factories at Channon and Uki routine operations were not interrupted….

In the middle of 1939 the Norco Directors decided to close some of the smaller factories, as they were proving too costly to run and they decided it was more cost efficient to transport the cream to the larger factories, in this case Murwillumbah. It came as a blow to the farmers as the Uki factory had been operating in their midst for many years.

Tweed Daily Fri 9 August 1940 p4, Tweed doesn’t want payment for scrap metal: Tweed Shire Council decided yesterday that scrap metal sent from the Tweed should be a gift to the Commonwealth Government….Inspector Webster reported that he had arranged for scrap to be stored at the Tyalgum, Uki and Tweed Heads butter factories until a quantity sufficient for sending away was collected.

During WW2, as a child Corinne French would ride around the butter factory on a three wheeler bicycle. One day the butter maker called her over and gave her a hand full of butter to eat as a treat, Corrine then went home with the butter, which her mother promptly took off her, to use for the family, as butter was being rationed at the time due to the war. (12) Northern Star Wed 14 November 1945 p6, Uki Opposed

Uki and South Arm History to Closing of Factory: Approximately 50 primary producers attended a public meeting held in the Uki hall under the auspices of Uki branch of the Primary Producers Union to discuss the proposed closing of the Norco branch factory at Uki….. After considerable discussion the following motion was moved by Mr C. Milsom and seconded by Mr R. Grant and carried unanimously.

“That this meeting request the directors of NORCO management to continue manufacturing butter at its various factories as at this date, and to oppose any interference in the management of Norco Co-op. Ltd. by the NSW Dairy Branch and the Federal Dairy Branch…..

The decision in 1947 to close factories at Tyalgum and Uki encountered vigorous local opposition. It was backed by district antagonism to the closures.

Northern Star Thurs 1 May 1947 p4, Suppliers Ultimatum to Norco: If Norco Board of Directors, at its special meeting on Friday, refuses to reverse its decision to close Tyalgum and Uki branches and also refuses to sell the factories to suppliers, a committee representing dairymen at both centres will endeavour to have all cream from the area diverted to Foley Bros. while they try to arrange for the erection of their own factories at Uki and Tyalgum….

A special meeting was called on June 13th when shareholders voted by 147 to 97, requesting that a poll be held and that the closure of Uki, Tyalgum and Wiangaree, listed for June 30th, [1947] should be deferred until the result was known.

The cost of manufacture for a pound of butter at the society’s largest factory was 1.55d compared with 2.32d lb. at one of the smaller branches.

The ballot by shareholders overwhelmingly endorsed the policy for centralisation by 2,505 to 1,001, with six informal.

The Uki Factory closed for manufacture on the 30th September 1947.

The cream was then brought to Uki by carriers and then by a lorry to Murwillumbah Norco factory.

After the Uki factory closed Faulks big truck would bring out grain and other goods from Murwillumbah and then pick up cream cans from the Uki verandah and take the cans back to Murwillumbah.

Soon after the butter factory closed the local Higgonbottom and Stapleton boys decided it would be great fun at night to sneak up the many steps to the tall tank stand at the back of the factory to reach the water tanks and then to climb into the tanks to go swimming. The boys were frightened of Connie Walls who was the butter factory caretaker at the time and they took great pains not to be caught. They thought it was great fun at night to make a loud noise with sticks hitting the galvanised railing that ran around the top of the fence at the Uki War Memorial, Connie had on many occasions threatened them with retribution if they continued to annoy her and one night she appeared with a shot gun which she fired at the War Memorial. The pellets made a terrible noise when they hit the galvanised pipe and Colin Higgonbottom was hit in the leg with some of the pellets.

In the late 1950’s some local teenage boys climbed onto the butter factory roof to enable them to retrieve and then use the lead roof flashing to make lead sinkers for their fishing lines, even selling some of the homemade sinkers to their local high school teachers.

Jack Grant would bring blocks of ice from the Murwillumbah Norco butter factory to Uki Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. He would park at the front of the old Uki factory to

Photo courtesy Tweed Regional Museum US000677 Fowler Fitzhenry carting a load of cord wood to the Uki Butter Factory from Doon Doon, 1923, Claude Harrison (standing), Joan and Martin Fitzhenry (on tricycle)

distribute the ice. From 1957 to the early 1960’s Jeanette Philip would use a billy cart to pick up ice for the Philip’s home ice box.

Monday, Wednesday and Saturday morning would be a half block of ice and Fridays would be a quarter block.

Jack Grant collected the cream cans brought to Uki. He would wait until all the cream was delivered to Uki from the other local South Arm cream carriers then convey them to Murwillumbah.

Jack would bring back the empty cream cans from Murwillumbah to Uki and he would sort them into each of the individual carrier’s areas on the old Uki butter factory verandah. The cream carriers would back their trucks up to the verandah and load the empty cans onto their trucks. They would then go to the local store and pick up the farmers groceries and place them into the empty cream cans (those that would fit). The cream carriers would also transport school children to and from Uki School.

The building continued to operate as a depot and outlet for small goods produced by Norco. The depot closed in 1960.

Roy and Ron Cram were the last producers of cream at Doon Doon (their farm was resumed as it was in the catchment area for the construction of the Clarrie Hall Dam). Ron Duckworth delivered the cans of cream to Uki Depot until 1978.

(Bill) Taylor bought the Uki butter factory in the 1960’s sometime after the introduction of decimal currency for $6,000. According to

Ella Mitchell Bill Taylor bought the Building and land on the 23rd July 1969)

Mr W. (Bill) Taylor, a Murwillumbah businessman mainly used the building for storage. During the time of his ownership the community continued to use the building in many “unofficial” ways as evidenced by graffiti on the Norco signboard which could only be accessed by climbing onto the verandah roof.

Neighbouring mothers used the engine room for drying nappies.

It was customary for a fire to be lit in a drum during dances at the Hall and much “social interaction” took place away from the lights. The verandah has also proved irresistible to skateboarders and has constantly been used by workmen as a “lunch room”.

In 1983 a group of residents called “The Uki Buttery Prop Ltd”, a mix of newcomers and longer-term residents bought the building from Mr Taylor for $60,000 with Mr Taylor retaining a share.

The new owners ranging from the local butcher, an accountant, an engineer and farmers called the building The Buttery and rented out sections of the old factory to a variety of commercial, cultural and community groups.

In the early 1980’s the Butter factory engine shed was demolished and the pipes for the factory cooling system were removed.

In 1984 the first Uki Buttery Bazaar market was held and has happened every third Sunday of the month since.

continued page 56

Heartland Magazine | 55

Uki and South Arm History When Norco sold off some of the remaining fixtures and fittings one of the butter churns was sold to local farmer Bernard Kinneally who neglected to pick it up and it remained in place until 1987 when he donated the butter churn to the Uki and South Arm Historical Society and The Uki Buttery Prop Ltd. The Historical Society, The Uki Buttery Prop Ltd, assisted by Norco and Community Members rehoused the churn as a display in front of the old factory to honour the dairy farmers of the past. It was unveiled in 1987 at a reunion held to celebrate the Centenary of the naming of Uki. The butter churn situated at the front of the old butter factory was one of two churns installed in the factory in 1938 when the building was updated and the old original churns were replaced.

After considerable investigation, no other churn of its era can be found at this time within Australia. In May 2015 the historical society commissioned a conservation treatment plan from a firm in Canberra to understand the conservation needed to preserve such a significant object. The churn is deteriorating due to exposure to weather, tree roots lifting the mechanical section and lack of maintenance as well as attracting graffiti and unsupervised children climbing on it. The churn is a major heritage item within the Tweed Shire.

In 2003 the building changed from private to public ownership when the local Uki Village and Residents Association “Ukira” bought the building. Commonwealth funding together with a loan commitment required the building to be used as a business centre.

Essential restoration work was to be carried out over time.

Workers: Mr W. Poynting (of the Uki butter factory, was seriously injured on Thursday night through being thrown from his horse. He sustained some very deep cuts, necessitating his removal to the hospital for treatment, Tweed Daily 3 July 1915, p4) Mr Sid Kitts (12 years as a Tester & Secretary at Uki Butter factory, Tweed Daily 9 Dec 1925, p2) Mr L. Dare ( of the Uki butter factory staff ,Tweed Daily 8 Aug 1935, p2) Ewen Edwards Walls (Butter factory employee, Tweed Daily Wed, 16 Oct 1935, p4) J. Russell (transferred to Kyogle from Uki butter factory June 1942,resident of Uki for 9 years, Tweed Daily 2 June 1942, p2) Russell Ventis Smith (Northern Star 16 Dec 1944, p4) Mr Fitzgerald (the pasteuriser (8) Reg Armour (8) Mr Eric Woodford (butter-maker (8) Mr Pederson (cream-tester (8) Dan Armour (cream-tester offsider (8) Bert Fitzerald (butter-press (8) Vic Watters (worked in the Uki factory office) NORCO is an abbreviation, or shorter version, of a much longer name.

The original name was The North Coast Fresh Food and Cold Storage Co-operative Pty Ltd, which opened its first butter factory at Byron bay in 1894. In 1904 the name was shortened to North Coast Co-operative Ltd and a few years later to NORCO. (Tweed Regional Museum)

With a Federal Government grant for $39,000, Tweed Shire Council Rural Villages Development Program grant $15,000 and funds raised from the community the roof was restored in 2006.

Uki Butter Factory Managers: W. (Bill) Atkins 1910-1916 (transferred to the Channon Norco butter factory, Uki Valedictory and Send-off, Northern Star 11 Oct 1916, p6) F. G. Chambers 1916-1922 (Died June 1922 aged 35, Tweed Daily 24 June 1922, p4) C. Cook 1922-1923 (transferred to Tweed Heads Norco butter factory, Tweed Daily 24 Nov 1923, p4) (Obit, associated with Norco for 40 years, Tweed Daily 24 Sep 1942, p2) S. C. (Sid) Kitt Nov1923- Dec1925 (appointed as manager at Uki, Tweed Daily 24 Nov 1923, p4) (Transferred to the selling floor of the North Coast Co-op Company Sydney, Tweed Daily 9 Dec 1925, p2) A. Godfrey 1925-1926 R. (Ray) Payne 1926-1940 (transferred to Binna Burra, Northern Star 11 April 1940, p5) A. (Arch) Morgan 1940 (transferred from Norco Co-op Coraki, Richmond River Herald & Northern Districts Advertiser, Fri 15 March 1940, p7) According to “A Centenary of Norco” by Maurice Ryan the Uki Managers were: Bill Atkins Sid Kit Fred Inskip Ray Payne Arch Morgan Engineers: The first Engineer, for a brief period was Mr Oaks, and then Mr J. Mitchell was transferred to Uki from Lismore, he continued at Uki until his retirement at the age of 67. Mr J. Fenwick of Byron Bay was transferred to Uki August 1936 then Mr Cecil Mitchell (son of Mr J. Mitchell) took over until the factory closed.

56 | Heartland Magazine

Uki Butter Churn early 1980’s Photo courtesy Tweed Regional Museum UO4-12

Stuart Bros Butchers has been a staple landmark in Kyogle’s main street for over 65 years in the current premises. The long rich history of Stuart Bros Butchers spans over three generations and has maintained their high quality fresh local meats throughout their many years of trade. Brett has been the sole owner of the business since 1999 and has used his wealth of experience to continue to employ locals to provide local produce for the local community.

Brett and his team take great pride in their selection of smoked and cured meats, treating locals to a range of ham, bacon, bacon chops and salamis. Stuart Bros also guarantee freshness and optimum flavour with their silverside, roast beef and pork, pressed corn beef, pressed tongue, pressed brawn, hot salamis, kransky, kabana, cabanossi, and chilli salami which are all made and sliced on site.

The warm friendly old-fashioned service delivered by Stuart Bros Butchers is second to none as Brett and his team also create their selection of gourmet and gluten free sausage varieties.

Brett is always conscious of his customers desires and has exciting different specials on a weekly basis. His meat packs cater for families while providing competitive prices that taste as good as his meat.

The customers of Stuart Bros Butchers appreciate the personalised service and the extra attention to detail that Brett delivers.

Brett is always supporting the community that has supported him and his family over the many years.

With a fresh start to the new year, Stuart Bros Butchers are passionate about providing the freshest of meat to Kyogle and surrounds. The selection of chops, steaks, mince, rissoles, to mention a few, displayed in his shop front is a visual feast of great value and quality.

For nearly 30 years Mike Metcalf has been running Metcalf Quality Meats in the beautiful beach side town of Evans Head.

Metcalf Quality Meats focus solely on what locals want and pride themselves on producing the highest quality of fresh meats.

Customers enjoy the weekly specials and appreciate the value for money.

Mike and his team produce traditional wood-smoked ham and bacon and use local pork and beef because of the high quality and freshness of local produce. Mike has been recognised for his outstanding sausages through the Australian Meat Industry Council Awards which has pushed him to continually grow and develop his products while maintaining the same high standards.

The range of meat selections are astounding with everything from steaks, chops, sausages, roasts, hams, bacon, chicken products and marinated meats to mention a few.

Metcalf Quality Meats listen to the needs of their customers by providing products which can be cooked easily without too much preparation for your convenience.

Metcalf Quality Meats are more then just a butcher shop. Mike believes in supporting the local meat industry but also supports local events such as the recent Great Eastern Flyin. He understands the importance of community and makes sure he and his team have a connection with each customer that walk through their doors.

The passion Mike has for his work shows through to his products. His 30 years of experience can be tasted through his meat as he takes the care and attention to produce only the best for his customers.

The convenient location of Metcalf Quality Meats allow customers to access the best meat in Evans Head with no hassles, while knowing they are always getting the product they are paying for at the best prices.

Local boy Ben George has been trading from Shop 1 in the RSM Shopping Village for the last 16 years. Ben and his wife Vanessa know the importance of being able to provide fresh quality locally grown meat not only to his own family of 4 kids but to his local community and surrounds.

Richmond Valley Meats is a butcher with a difference. Sourcing the best quality meats for yourself and your family has been made easy with Ben’s home delivery service. There is no order too large or small and with a quick easy call to the shop you can find fresh quality meat delivered to your door in a matter of days. It is a great way to order exactly what you need with opportunities to change an order if your needs change.

Richmond Valley Meats deliver to Woodenbong, Urbenville, Bonalbo and surrounds. They supply meat to local businesses such as supermarkets and pubs as well as displaying their selection of products in their Casino shop front.

Customers find comfort in the fact that Richmond Valley Meats grow their own grain assisted beef on a 430acre property at Backmede just out of Casino. This supports the local industry and connects customers to where their meat is actually coming from.

The friendly staff at Richmond Valley Meats are always willing to share their knowledge on the products and help customers as much as they can with any questions they may have about their products. Meat is freshly sliced in store so there are no surprises for customers when they get home.

The convenient location of Richmond Valley Meats makes the weekly shop a breeze with plenty of parking and an easily accessible store front. For busy families, the delivery option saves time and ensures there is no compromise on quality from a local butcher you can trust.

Heartland Magazine | 57

Do you remember - Soda Syphon

Do you remember-Soda Syphon Soda Syphons were incredibly popular throughout the 1920’s and 30’s. Most house holds had one and it was usually left to one family member to take on the responsibility of using the device. The siphon was used to make wine coolers, spritzers, shandy’s as well as ice cream sodas. It was a novelty but also held a very practical place within the family home. Often the soda stream would be the centre of many parties and really his its stride in the 1960’s and 70’s.

The concept of aerosol was first developed in France in 1790.

It was in 1829 when two Frenchmen patented a corkscrew which was to be inserted into a soda bottle and through a leaver dispensed the desired portion while maintaining the pressure inside the bottle. In 1855 the first pint size syphon bottle was released by Sparklets Ltd. Sparklets was originally an English company but set up factories across the Atlantic in America.

When motion pictures came in the soda syphon was often featured in many classic comedy films such as I love Lucy, The Three Stooges and The Marx Brothers. Throughout the 1930’s and 1960’s a lot of serious films displayed the soda syphon often surrounding the ever so popular cocktail hour showing the device was simple to use and a must have item.

Popularity dropped after the war with many factories being destroyed, however the soda syphon made a retro comeback with the device becoming once again a fashionable house-hold item. With more designs and ranges soda syphons soon became a collector’s item with many now going for high prices on the collector’s market.

In the 60’s and 70’s there were three main styles of soda syphons. The Streamline range was a simple design and took inspiration from the 1940’s art deco era. The main colours used for this range were often blues, golds and reds. The Host master range was transformed into a more modern look and incorporated more patterns which were relevant to home décor of that time. The third of the three main styles were the Globemaster. This was a popular party design as it took two Sparklets bulbs which allowed the syphon to last twice as long without refill. Although it was the most expensive of the three, it was the most popular in its function and design.

The original soda syphons are often seen in many retro shops or trendy cafes and restaurants. Although they are not used so much as a functional device these days, they are still enjoyed and admired through the next generations who have an appreciation for items of days gone by.

The History The soda siphon (also spelled syphon), also known as the seltzer bottle or siphon seltzer bottle is a device for dispensing carbonated or soda water.

A row of colorful soda siphons on a shelf Soda siphons As early as 1790, the concept of an “aerosol” was introduced in France, with self-pressurized carbonated beverages.

The modern syphon was created in 1829, when two Frenchmen patented a hollow corkscrew which could be inserted into a soda bottle and, by use of a valve, allowed a portion of the contents to be dispensed while maintaining the pressure on the inside of the bottle and preventing the remaining soda from going flat.

Soda syphons were popular in the 1920s and 1930s. The rise of bottled carbonated beverages and the destruction of many of the siphon manufacturers’ plants in Eastern Europe during World War II led to a decline in their popularity in the years after the war. These bottles are still commonly used in some bars to make drinks.

Seltzer Bottle circa 1920’s 58 | Heartland Magazine

continued from page 19 Drought

is something that is becoming more of a problem, but why does it happen?

9. Studies show that droughts are to become more common as the climate warms.

•

10. Unicef considers the following countries to be at most risk from drought: •

•

• •

•

• •

China – almost 3 million people lack enough water in the northern Shanxi province. Around 1/3 of the wheat crop has been affected by drought and approximately 60% of the soil lacks moisture. The economic loss is said to be $780 million, while 120,000 people lack adequate drinking water, according to the New York Times.

Afghanistan – the south of the country is at risk where 60-80% of livestock have perished. Around 10% of the population are at risk (2.5 million people).

Eritrea – a war with bordering Ethiopia and back to back years of drought have caused huge shortages of food.

Somalia – seven consecutive bad harvests have made food a huge problem.

Around one million are at risk, including as many as 300,000 children under 5 years old.

Ethiopia – it is estimated that 8 million people are currently affected by drought.

Around 1.4 million of these are said to be children. Ethiopia is never far from drought and is one of the poorest countries in the world.

Uganda – as many as 550,000 people lack food security as a result of drought.

Sudan – around 2.8 million Sudanese will be confronted with food insecurity in

•

•

•

the next few months.

Pakistan – the government project that 3 million people face starvation.

Drought has ruined crops and killed livestock in the southern Thar region. A humanitarian crisis looms.

Iran – the Irani government has reached out to United Nations for international aid. Drought has caused estimated losses of $1.7 billion. The country requires water tankers and water filters/purifiers for the most affected regions. This could cost $200 million alone.

India – the regions of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh are currently experiencing drought. This is due to the lack of monsoon rains last year. The drought is said to be the worst in 100 years and affects close to 130 million people.

Morocco – the government has set aside $633 million to help fight the latest drought. It is thought to be the worst drought in 10 years and affects 70% of the country’s farm land.

The Impact There are a huge amount of consequences which come from droughts.

• • •

Agricultural health Environmental Social and economic consequences

Some effects are not going to be as severe as others however; it differs from how long the

drought lasts and the severity also. Some farmers find that they cannot use their land and have to look elsewhere to ensure a livelihood and have to look for other alternative sources of food. However, it’s not just farmland that suffers or is impacted by droughts. Major populated areas in towns and cities can be affected by droughts also.

Drought however, can reduce water quality and with a decrease in water, it could mean the risk of contamination is higher. Here are some of the damages droughts can bring.

• • •

• • • • • • • • •

Shortage of water – this can be for both residential areas and industrial areas.

Dust bowls – this is a severe sign of erosion of land.

Diminished crops and growth. In some circumstances, an entire crop can occur an entire yield in production and growth.

This has a huge impact on livestock also.

Cause dust storms – these dust storms can hit areas which have complete erosion.

Famines. This occurs because there is a lack of water.

Hunger. This is brought on because of diminished water and because crops for food are gone also.

Dehydration and malnutrition Damage to wildlife of all kinds Wildfires.

Snake migration Unrest for human and wildlife War

Information sourced from basicplanet.com

Australian family owned and operated for 25 years.

Express delivery throughout the Northern Rivers Engine Oils, Agricultural Oils, Hydraulic Oils, Grease, Coolants and More

Heartland Magazine | 59

Join the Dots

60 | Heartland Magazine

THIS MONTH IN HISTORY February 14 1936 - The Walter Taylor Bridge, which crosses the Brisbane River, is opened.

1966 - Decimal currency is introduced in Australia, and the Australian dollar makes its debut.

Februray 15 1788 - Lieutenant Philip Gidley King leaves Sydney to establish a settlement on Norfolk Island 1796 - Australia’s first bushranger, John ‘Black’ Caesar, is shot.

1876 - The current state flag of New South Wales is adopted.

February 16 1793 - The first free settlers arrive in New South Wales. more page 62 1804 - Lieutenant-Governor David Collins takes command of the first settlement on the Derwent River, Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania).

1983 - The Ash Wednesday bushfires start in Victoria and South Australia.

February 17 1846 - The colony of North Australia is proclaimed by Letters Patent.

1846 - Free Aborigines on Flinders Island in Bass Strait write a petition addressed to Queen Victoria concerning the mistreatment of indigenous people.

February 18 1793 - Reverend Richard Johnson commences the first church school in Sydney.

February 19 1836 - British Parliament officially proclaims the colony of South Australia and formally defines its boundaries.

1879 - The foundation stone for Melbourne’s Royal Exhibition Building is laid.

1942 - The Japanese bomb Darwin, Australia.

February 20 1903 - Royal approval of the new Australian flag is finally gazetted.

1913 - The first peg marking the start of development of the city of Canberra is driven in by King O’Malley.

1981 - An inquest into the disappearance of baby Azaria Chamberlain finds that she was taken by a dingo.

February 21 1802 - John Murray discovers Corio Bay, site of present-day Geelong in Victoria. more page 62 1802 - Matthew Flinders’ tragic encounter with dangerous waters leads to the naming of Cape Catastrophe, South Australia.

February 22 1792 - The first land grant to convict James Ruse is officially added to the NSW colonial records.

1928 - Bert Hinkler becomes the first person to fly solo from the United Kingdom to Australia.

1965 - Australia’s Royal Mint, built for the purpose of producing new decimal currency, is opened.

February 23 1955 - Floods begin in the Hunter Valley, Australia, ultimately claiming 25.

1970 - The Indian Pacific train, the only service to cross an entire continent without the need to change trains, embarks on its inaugural transcontinental journey.

1994 - Jimmy Tambo, an indigenous Australian exploited by Barnum’s Travelling Circus, is finally laid to rest, 110 years after he died.

February 24 1875 - The steamship SS Gothenburg is wrecked off the north Queensland coast, with the loss of over 100 lives.

1984 - Australia’s first completely successful heart transplant operation is performed, under the direction of Dr Victor Chang.

February 25 1834 - English newspaper ‘The Leeds Mercury’ reports that a secret expedition to Australia has located a large settlement of descendants of Dutch survivors from shipwrecks of the late 1600s.

1890 - In Australia, Robert Louis Stevenson begins writing his

famous defence of Father Damien, missionary in Molokai, Hawaii.

2001 - Sir Donald Bradman, rated the greatest player in the history of cricket, dies.

February 26 1606 - Dutch explorer Willem Jansz becomes the first recorded European to land on Australia’s shores.

1872 - The brig ‘Maria’ sinks off the coast of Queensland, Australia, with the loss of 21 by drowning and 14 by indigenous Australians.

February 27 1788 - The first convict is hanged in the colony of New South Wales.

1902 - Harry ‘Breaker’ Morant is executed for the war crime of murdering Boer prisoners.

1997 - The Gang-gang cockatoo is adopted as the faunal emblem of the Australian Capital Territory.

February 28 1790 - John Irving becomes the first convict to be freed in the New South Wales colony.

February 29 1964 - Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser sets a new world record in the 100m freestyle.

704 - Today is February 29th, which occurs only once every four years, in a leap year.

March 1 1901 - The Postmaster-General’s Department in Australia is put into effect.

1901 - The Australian army and navy are formed.

1942 - Japanese forces sink the HMS Perth, resulting in the loss of over 350 men.

1975 - Colour television begins broadcasting in Australia.

March 2 1959 - Stage One of the building of the Sydney Opera House commences.

1971 - Leadbeater’s Possum is proclaimed the official animal emblem of Victoria, Australia.

March 3 1837 - The city of Melbourne, Australia, is named.

1854 - Australia’s first telegraph line is opened.

1892 - Perth’s first St Johns First Aid training course is held.

1942 - Japanese bomb the quiet coastal towns of Broome and Wyndham, in Australia’s northwest.

March 4 1804 - The Australian Battle of Vinegar Hill, also known as the Battle of Castle Hill, begins.

1831 - Lieutenant-Governor James Stirling is commissioned first governor of the Swan River colony.

1899 - Cyclone Mahina hits north Queensland, killing over 400.

March 5 1803 - Australia’s first newspaper is printed.

2002 - The last commercial Ansett Airlines flight completes its run from Perth to Sydney.

March 6 1788 - Lieutenant Philip Gidley King establishes the first settlement on Norfolk Island.

March 7 1954 - The “Sydney Morning Herald” reports a new craze of flattening pennies under the Royal Train of Queen Elizabeth II. March 8 1902 - The first test to pump water through the most difficult section of the Golden Pipeline to the Western Australian goldfields is successfully carried out.

1973 - 15 people are killed in a firebomb attack on the Whiskey Au Go Go nightclub in Brisbane, Australia.

March 9 1837 - The settlement of Melbourne is named.

1857 - South Australia holds its first elections, but an unusually large number of informal votes are submitted.

1870 - Granny Smith, who gave her name to the Granny Smith apple, dies.

Heartland Magazine | 61

THIS MONTH IN HISTORY continued March 10 1788 - French explorer Jean-Francois La Perouse is observed departing Botany Bay, never to be seen again.

1794 - The Reverend Samuel Marsden, who became known colloquially as the ‘Flogging Parson’, arrives in the New South Wales penal colony.

March 11 1871 - The springs after which Alice Springs, central Australia, was named are discovered.

March 12 1868 - An attempt is made to assassinate Prince Alfred, second son of Queen Victoria, on his Australian tour.

1913 - Canberra is named the capital city of Australia, before it is even built.

1921 - The first woman is elected to an Australian parliament.

March 13 1847 - Kennedy departs Parramatta to trace the course of the Barcoo River, hoping it will lead to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north.

1875 - Giles departs Fowlers Bay on his third expedition to cross the western deserts.

March 14 1790 - Captain William Bligh arrives back in London a year after the Mutiny on the Bounty, in which he was cast off his own boat.

1942 - Japanese bombers make the first of nine attacks against Horn Island in Torres Strait.

1989 - Motpena, South Australia, records the state’s highest ever rainfall in a single day.

February 16 Saturday, February 16, 1793. : The first free settlers arrive in New South Wales.

The first European settlers in Australia were primarily convicts from England, along with the officers and marines who guarded them.

The only free settlers aboard the First Fleet were an estimated 46 wives and children of the marines. For the first few difficult years, while the colony was being established, subsequent fleets were also made up almost entirely of more convicts.

Prior to leaving England, Governor Arthur Phillip had suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet, but his proposal was rejected, and this made the establishment of a workable colony difficult in the early years. Phillip maintained his campaign for more farmers, as the colony faced nearstarvation in the early years, due to difficulties with growing crops.

In response to Governor Phillip’s repeated requests to the British Authorities for farmers, the first free settlers arrived in New South Wales on 16 February 1793, lured by the promise of land grants.

The settlers, who arrived on the ship ‘Bellona’, were described in the Secretary of State’s Despatch of 14 July 1792, as “Thomas Rose, aged 40, farmer from Blandford, his wife, Mrs. Jane Rose, and their children, Thomas, Mary, Joshua and Richard, also Elizabeth Fish, aged 18, related to the family.” They were awarded land grants in the Strathfield Municipality.

February 21 Sunday, February 21, 1802. : John Murray discovers Corio Bay, site of present-day Geelong in Victoria.

Port Phillip is a large bay in southern Victoria, Australia, on the northern end of which is situated the Victorian capital city of Melbourne.

Port Phillip is dotted by numerous smaller bays; one of these is Corio Bay, in the southwest. The first non-aboriginal person to visit the Geelong region was Lieutenant John Murray, who commanded the brig Lady Nelson. On 15 February 1802, Murray manoeuvred the Lady Nelson through the narrow, treacherous entrance to Port Phillip, now known as the Rip, in order to explore the bay.

62 | Heartland Magazine

Murray discovered Corio Bay on 21 February 1802, but made no particular recommendations for settlement, although he formally took possession of the area for Great Britain. At this time, Corio Bay was known by the local indigenous Wathaurong people as “Jillong”, while the surrounding land was known as “Corayo”. Further surveys of the area later that year failed to reveal the Barwon River which, flowing into the ocean and not the bay, passes through present day Geelong on the inland side of a ridge. Matthew Flinders entered Corio Bay in April, and charted the entire bay. This was followed by further mapping of the area in January 1803 by Surveyor-General Charles Grimes aboard the “Cumberland”.

Errors by subsequent explorers and surveyors resulted in the names being swapped: Corayo became known as Geelong while Jillong became Corio Bay. In 1824, explorers Hume and Hovell believed they were actually at Westernport Bay, and returned with glowing reports of good land and water. However, when a party was sent to settle Westernport, they found only poor water and poor soil, forcing the abandonment of the settlement. Finally, in March 1836, three squatters by the names of David Fisher, James Strachan and George Russell arrived to settle the area. By 1838, when Geelong was first surveyed, the population was 545.

February 23 Monday, February 23, 1970. : The Indian Pacific train, the only service to cross an entire continent without the need to change trains, embarks on its inaugural transcontinental journey.

As Federation of the Australian colonies loomed in the late nineteenth century, Western Australia was lured to join the Commonwealth of Australia by the promise of a transcontinental railway line linking east and west. The eastern states already had an extensive network of railway lines, while the western railway line extended east from Perth to the goldfields. There remained a 1996 km span across the continent to connect the west to the east.

Construction of the Trans-Australian Railway began in September 1912 with two teams working from both western and eastern sides of the continent. On 17 October 1917, the teams met to complete the track near Ooldea about 1170km west of Adelaide and 1520km east of Perth. The following week, on 22 October 1917, the first westbound passenger service known as the Great Western Express departed from Port Augusta. Despite the eastern and western ends being of different gauges, the line was constructed at the standard gauge of 1435 mm. Consequently, early travellers were required to change trains five times during the journey.

Conversion to standard gauge of the entire intercity route began in 1969 and the service was renamed the Indian Pacific in 1970. On 23 February 1970, the inaugural transcontinental journey of the Indian Pacific commenced from the eastern side of the continent.

Approximately 10000 people greeted the train’s arrival in Perth four days later. Powered by two locomotives and travelling an average of 85 kph, the Indian Pacific now consists of 30 carriages for guests, staff and crew quarters, restaurants, lounges and power vans. Australia remains the only continent that can be crossed from east to west in a single train.

March 3 Friday, March 3, 1854. : Australia’s first telegraph line is opened.

Canadian-born Samuel Walker McGowan is credited with bringing the telegraph technology to Australia. Lured by the opportunities opened up by the discovery of gold in Victoria, McGowan arrived in Melbourne in 1853. Although isolated from telegraph technology in America, and limited by lack of equipment and suitable component manufacturing firms in Australia, McGowan succeeded in opening up the first telegraph line in Australia on 3 March 1854. It ran from Melbourne to Williamstown.

HALL OF FAME - ARE YOU BEING SERVED? episode was restored to colour using the colour recovery technique previously used for the Dad’s Army episode “Room at the Bottom”.

The restored colour version was first shown on BBC2 on 1 January 2010 as part of a special Are You Being Served? night.

Are You Being Served? was a British sitcom created and written by executive producer David Croft (Croft also directed some episodes) and Jeremy Lloyd, with contributions from Michael Knowles and John Chapman, for the BBC. Set in London, the show follows the misadventures and mishaps of the staff of the retail ladies’ and gentlemen’s clothing departments in the flagship department store of a fictional chain called Grace Brothers.

The series was broadcast on the BBC for ten series, totalling 69 episodes between 8 November 1972 and 1 April 1985 – and included 5 Christmas specials. There was also a 1977 film, a spin-off series Grace & Favour with some of the same main cast in 1991–92, and a one-off episode with a new cast in 2016. Since its original release, all 69 episodes, the restored pilot, the Christmas specials, the sequel and the film have been released on DVD. Are You Being Served? was a great success in the UK and was also popular in three other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations (Canada, New Zealand, and Australia), and was successfully aired in The Netherlands and Belgium with Dutch subtitles. The show was also popular in Israel and in the United States, where it gained a loyal and enthusiastic following when PBS television stations began airing reruns of it in the mid-1980s, along with other British sitcoms. In 2004, it was ranked 20th in a television countdown of Britain’s Best Sitcom. It is regularly repeated worldwide (BBC Two, Drama and Gold in the UK; PBS and BBC America in the United States; and BBC UKTV, Fox Classics and 9Gem in Australia).

Series idea The idea for the show came from Lloyd’s brief period in the early 1950s working at Simpsons of Piccadilly, a clothing store which traded for over 60 years until 1999. The inspiration for the store has also been credited to Rossiters of Paignton department store from the time Lloyd and Croft spent there, and the former Clements of Watford.

The pilot episode was created as part of the Comedy Playhouse series, although the BBC had originally chosen not to broadcast the programme. The pilot was used as a filler during the 1972 Summer Olympics when the coverage of the Olympiad was interrupted by the Munich massacre on 8 September 1972, leading to a full series being produced. This first episode was repeated at the beginning of the first series on 14 March 1973. Although the first series was aired in the same timeslot as Coronation Street on ITV, consequently receiving relatively little attention, the repeats shown later in the year were much more successful.

The show became a ratings hit, and after a successful 13-year run, Are You Being Served? came to an end on 1 April 1985.

Of the original cast, only Frank Thornton, Mollie Sugden, John Inman, Wendy Richard and Nicholas Smith appeared in all 69 episodes of the programme’s 13-year run; these five later featured in the sequel sitcom, Grace & Favour (also known as Are You Being Served? Again!). The cast performed in character for a stage sketch on the BBC1 programme Variety on 19 June 1976.

The Characters and Casting Are You Being Served? featured humour based on sexual innuendo, misunderstandings, mistaken identity, farce and occasional slapstick. In addition, there were sight gags generated by outrageous costumes which the characters were sometimes required to wear for store promotions, and gaudy store displays frequently featuring malfunctioning robotic mannequins. The show is remembered for its prolific use of double entendres.

The main humorous base of the series was a merciless parody of the British class system. This permeated almost every interaction and was especially evident in the conversations between the maintenance men and the ostensibly higher-class store personnel. The episodes rarely left the store, and to parody the stereotype of the British class system, characters rarely addressed each other by their first names, even after work, instead using their formal titled names (“Mr”, “Mrs”, “Miss”, or even “Captain”). When they did address each other by their first names, it was usually either as an aside, or often for comic effect (e.g. an underling addressing a superior). The joke is that lower-class people, even when married, addressed each other as Mr. or Mrs. Middle and upper-class people on familiar terms always use given or nicknames. The use of titles is therefore a pretention to being posh or refined.

Characters Mrs. Betty Slocombe (Mollie Sugden) (Series 1–10), a senior sales assistant and head of the ladies’ department. She is known for her changing hair colour and conversations about her cat, which she always refers to as “me pussy”.

Miss Shirley Brahms (Wendy Richard) (Series 1–10), a young, attractive, working-class, cockney-speaking junior sales assistant to Mrs Slocombe.

Mr Ernest Grainger (Arthur Brough) (Series 1–5), a 40-year veteran of Grace Brothers, a senior sales assistant and head of the gents’ department, who often falls asleep on the job, is usually grumpy, and wears a measuring tape over his shoulders. Arthur Brough died before the filming of Season 6.

Mr Wilberforce Claybourne Humphries (John Inman) (Series 1–10), a sales assistant in gents’; a camp-acting man who lives with his mother, also played on several occasions by John Inman. He made frequent use of double entendre, especially related to his implied gay lifestyle. He often breaks the fourth wall by talking directly to the television audience, unusual at the time of the original broadcast.

Mr James/Dick Lucas (Trevor Bannister) (Series 1–7), the young, penniless, womanising junior salesman; a source of irritation to the female sales staff. Always referred to as the department ‘junior’, but Bannister was in fact one year older than Inman. The character left the series after Series 7 (1979). (In Series 2 his name was given as “James” but was stated as “Dick” in Series 5 and 6). Wendy Richard claimed in an interview that the series was originally devised as a “vehicle” for Trevor Bannister, which suggests that Mr Lucas was intended to be the series main character, the early series’ story lines bear this out “Captain” Stephen Peacock (Frank Thornton) (Series 1–10), the haughty floorwalker (an employee who both supervises sales staff and assists customers) who purportedly fought in the North Africa Campaign of World War II but was accused of actually being in the Service Corps and never seeing combat.

Resortation Although the pilot was produced in colour, the videotape was wiped in the 1970s leaving only a 16mm black-and-white film telerecording, which was made for international syndication to countries where colour television broadcasts had not been adopted. In 2009, the pilot Heartland Magazine | 63

Cairns is unique. It is, for the tens of thousands of backpackers that flow up the eastern coast of Australia, the end of the line. It is their final destination and it has a final destination feel about it. It also has a very heavy focus on adventure activities for backpackers.

But, more than anything else, it is the major tourist destination in North Queensland. An international airport; a superb Aboriginal theme park; a Skyrail with aerial gondolas which float above the tropical rainforest; charming hinterland villages with craft markets; and a rich variety of modern accommodation and eating options attract visitors all year round. But the special appeal is to catch a boat – a catamaran or a sailing vessel – and head for the Great Barrier Reef and the islands (many of which are unspoilt coral cays) that are all easily accessible from the city’s harbour.

Cairns is an aggressively modern city driven by tourism.

Its fundamental raison d’etre is to attract tourists and to provide them with a wealth of ways to spend their money - from gift shops, reef visits, snorkelling, Aboriginal artefacts and culture, nightclubs and forays into the hinterland to places like Kuranda and the Atherton Tablelands, opal shops, deep-sea fishing, adventure holidays to Cape York, seafood restaurants, white-water rafting, catamarans and helicopter joyrides.

Location Cairns is located 1712 km north of Brisbane on the National Highway which runs up the coast.

Origin of Name In 1876 Cairns was named after the Governor of Queensland, Sir William Cairns (1875-77). Prior to that it had been known as Trinity Bay, a name given to it by Captain James Cook who recorded in his diary for Sunday 10 June: ‘The shore between Cape Grafton and the above northern point forms a large but not very deep bay, which I named Trinity Bay, after the day on which it was discover’d.”

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Green Island For many years Green Island was one of Cairns’ prime tourist attractions. A small, uninhabited coral cay it had nothing more than a jetty and a marine viewing point. The addition of a resort has detracted from its primitive charm. It now has a Marineland, a Barrier Reef Theatre, snorkelling trails, accommodation and a range of eating facilities.

Green Island was the setting for an innocent premarital holiday for Joe Harman and Jean Paget in Nevil Shute’s novel A Town Like Alice.

Today it is the most accessible of all the islands and is notable for the fact that, as a coral island, you can literally step off the beach into the coral reef. Walk down to the harbour in the morning, catch a ferry across to Green Island (they leave at 9.00 am and 11.00 am) and 45 minutes later you will be lying on the impossibly white coral and sand beach; snorkelling through dense gardens of coral surrounded by fish and, if you are lucky, watching green turtles pass slowly through the crystal-clear, turquoise waters; or gazing at the reef formations from an underwater semi-submersible. (http://greenisland.com.au). If you fall in love with this very small and idyllic piece of tropical paradise you can always stay at the island’s resort. By the late afternoon there will only be you and the other guests to enjoy the quietness and the beauty of the sun setting across the waters.

The History Prior to British settlement, the Cairns area was inhabited by the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people, who still claim their Native Title rights. Yidinji (also known as Yidinj, Yidiny, and Idindji) is an Australian Aboriginal language. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of Cairns Region and Tablelands Region, in such localities as Cairns, Gordonvale, and the Mulgrave River, and the southern part of the Atherton Tableland including Atherton and Kairi. The area is known in the local Yidiny language as Gimuy.

CAIRNS From 1770 to the early 1870s the area was known to the British simply as Trinity Bay. The arrival of beche de mer fishermen from the late 1860s saw the first European presence in the area. On the site of the modern-day Cairns foreshore, there was a large native well which was used by these fishermen.

A violent confrontation occurred in 1872 between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the use of this well. The area from this date was subsequently called Battle Camp. In 1876, hastened by the need to export gold mined from the Hodgkinson goldfields on the tablelands to the west, closer investigation by several official expeditions established its potential for development into a port. Brinsley G. Sheridan surveyed the area and selected a place further up Trinity Inlet known to the diggers as Smith’s Landing for a settlement which he renamed Thornton.

However, after Native Police officers Alexander Douglas-Douglas and Robert Arthur Johnstone opened a new track from the goldfields to Battle Camp, this more coastal site became preferable. Battle Camp was renamed Cairns in late 1876 in honour of the then Governor of Queensland, William Cairns. The site was predominantly mangrove swamps and sand ridges. Labourers gradually cleared the swamps, and the sand ridges were filled with dried mud, sawdust from local sawmills, and ballast from a quarry at Edge Hill.

Debris from the construction of a railway to Herberton on the Atherton Tableland, a project which started in 1886, was also used.

The railway opened up land later used for agriculture on the lowlands (sugar cane, corn, rice, bananas, pineapples), and for fruit and dairy production on the Tableland. The success of local agriculture helped establish Cairns as a port, and the creation of a harbour board in 1906 supported its economic future.

The Wharf Estate Cairns went on sale in Brisbane via auction on 19 February 1889 by John Macnamara & Co. Land Auctioneers.

The land was part of the place known as the Railway Reserve. The sale was described by the Auctioneers as the ‘largest ever yet held in Northern Queensland’.

On 25 April 1926 (ANZAC Day), the Cairns Sailors and Soldiers War Memorial was unveiled by Alexander Frederick Draper, the mayor of the City of Cairns.

base for operations in the Pacific, with United States Army Air Forces and Royal Australian Air Force operational bases (now the airport), as well as a major military seaplane base in Trinity Inlet, and United States Navy and Royal Australian Navy bases near the current wharf. Combat missions were flown out of Cairns in support of the Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942. Edmonton and White Rock south of Cairns were major military supply areas and U.S. Paratroopers trained at Gordonvale and the Goldsborough Valley. A Special Forces training base was established at the old “Fairview” homestead on Munro’s Hill, Mooroobool. This base was officially known as the Z Experimental Station, but referred to informally as “The House on the Hill”.

After World War II, Cairns gradually developed into a centre for tourism. The opening of the Cairns International Airport in 1984 helped establish the city as a desirable destination for international tourism.

Climate Cairns experiences a tropical climate, specifically a tropical monsoon climate (Am) under the Köppen climate classification. A wet season with heavy monsoonal downpours runs from November to May, with a relatively dry season from June to October, though light showers can occur during this period. Cairns’ mean annual rainfall is just under 2,000 millimetres (79 in), although monthly totals in the wet season (Dec–Mar) can exceed 1,000 mm (39 in), with the highest rainfall being recorded in any month in January 1981, where over 1,417.4 mm (55.80 in) of rain fell. Babinda, a town to the south of the city, is Australia’s wettest town, recording an annual rainfall of over 4,200 mm (170 in).

Cairns has hot, humid summers and warm winters. Mean maximum temperatures vary from 26.2 °C (79.2 °F) in July to 31.7 °C (89.1 °F) in January. Monsoonal activity during the wet season occasionally causes major flooding of the Barron and Mulgrave Rivers, cutting off-road and rail access to the city. Cairns has 89.7 clear days, annually.

Dewpoint in the wet season (summer) averages at 23 °C (73 °F). The average temperature of the sea ranges from 23.8 °C (74.8 °F) in July to 29.4 °C (84.9 °F) in January.

During World War II, the Allied Forces used Cairns as a staging Heartland Magazine | 65

LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - ITALIAN PORK RIBS WITH GARLIC ROSEMARY SAUCE Ingredients

• • • • • •

1 kilo boneless, country-style (thick) pork ribs (strips) -- Bone-in ribs are fine if you can’t find boneless.

1/4 cup olive oil 1 entire bulb of garlic, minced ¼ cup fresh rosemary, minced 1 - 2 cans low-sodium chicken broth salt and pepper to taste (freshly grated is best)

Instructions Here’s what you need to do (besides smelling a wonderful aroma while the following takes place)

1.

In a large, deep frying pan, saute’ the minced garlic in warm-hot olive oil (you don’t want to get olive oil too hot or it will burn and just plain get icky-tasting).

2. After about 3 minutes, strain the garlic out of the olive oil and set aside in a small bowl (you will put this back in later).

3. Leaving the olive oil in the pan, place the ribs in the hot oil to brown thoroughly on all sides.

4. Add a can or two of low-sodium chicken broth.

5. Put the sautéed garlic back into the pan with the ribs and chicken broth.

6. Add the minced rosemary; salt and pepper to taste.

7. Simmer everything on low for about 1-1/2 hours or until the pork is fork tender.

8. If the ribs are not browned enough for you, place them under a hot broiler for about 5 - 10 minutes, keeping an eye on them so they do not burn.

9. Pour the sauce into a nice serving dish.

10. Place the ribs on a platter and garnish with rosemary.

Notes This Italian pork entree is wonderful served with potatoes prepared as a baked potato, garlic mashed, or roasted. A good, fresh loaf of Italian bread will be appreciated by your guests who will want to sop up the sauce instead of licking the plate!

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The most fork-tender, fall-off-the-bone pork short ribs. Perfectly flavored with garlic and rosemary with an incredible sauce to ladle over the ribs and vegetables.

Oven-baked chips with chilli & thyme Ingredients

• • • • • • •

1 1/2 tablespoons chopped fresh thyme 1-2 teaspoons MasterFoods® Chilli Flakes 1 teaspoon cracked black pepper 2 teaspoons sea salt flakes Olive oil, to grease 4 (about 1.3kg) large coliban potatoes, peeled, thickly sliced lengthways, cut into 1.5cm-thick batons 2 tablespoons olive oil, extra

Method Step 1 Place the thyme, chilli, pepper and half the salt in a mortar and gently pound with a pestle until coarsely crushed. Stir in the remaining salt.

Step 2 Preheat oven to 250°C. Brush 2 baking trays with oil to grease. Line with non-stick baking paper.

LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - FROZEN BLACKBERRY YOGURT Step 3 Place the potato in a large saucepan and cover with water. Bring to the boil over high heat. Reduce heat to medium and simmer for 3 minutes. Drain. Transfer to a large bowl. Add the oil and half the salt mixture, and toss to coat.

Step 4 Arrange the potato, in a single layer, on the prepared trays. Bake, swapping trays halfway through cooking, for 15 minutes or until golden. Serve with remaining salt mixture.

Quick Frozen blackberry yogurt Ingredients

• • • • •

2 1/4 cup. Greek yogurt 1/4 cup. confectioners’ sugar 2 tsp. fresh lime juice 8 oz. frozen raspberries 2 tbsp. roasted unsalted almonds (roughly chopped)

Directions

1.

2.

In a medium bowl, combine quark, confectioners’ sugar, and fresh lime juice. Fold in frozen raspberries until they start to leave pink streaks.

Divide among bowls and sprinkle with chopped almonds.

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NATURAL PRODUCTS - 9 Health Benefits of Coffee, Based on Science part 1 Coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages.

4. Contains Essential Nutrients

Thanks to its high levels of antioxidants and beneficial nutrients, it also seems to be quite healthy.

Many of the nutrients in coffee beans make their way into the finished brewed coffee.

1. Can Improve Energy Levels and Make You Smarter

A single cup of coffee contains:

Coffee can help people feel less tired and increase energy levels. That’s because it contains a stimulant called caffeine — the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world.

After you drink coffee, the caffeine is absorbed into your bloodstream. From there, it travels to your brain.

In the brain, caffeine blocks the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine. When this happens, the amount of other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine increases, leading to enhanced firing of neurons.

Many controlled studies in humans show that coffee improves various aspects of brain function — including memory, mood, vigilance, energy levels, reaction times and general mental function 2. Can Help You Burn Fat Caffeine is found in almost every commercial fatburning supplement — and for good reason. It’s one of the few natural substances proven to aid fat burning.

Several studies show that caffeine can boost your metabolic rate by 3–11%. Other studies indicate that caffeine can specifically increase fat burning by as much as 10% in obese individuals and 29% in lean people.

However, it’s possible that these effects diminish in long-term coffee drinkers.

3. Can Drastically Improve Physical Performance Caffeine stimulates your nervous system, signaling fat cells to break down body fat. But it also increases epinephrine (adrenaline) levels in your blood.

This is the fight-or-flight hormone, which prepares your body for intense physical exertion. Caffeine breaks down body fat, making free fatty acids available as fuel.

• • • •

Riboflavin (vitamin B2): 11% of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI).

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): 6% of the RDI. Manganese and potassium: 3% of the RDI. Magnesium and niacin (vitamin B3): 2% of the RDI.

Several studies show that coffee drinkers have up to a 65% lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

7. May Lower Your Risk of Parkinson’s Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative condition, right behind Alzheimer’s.

It’s caused by the death of dopamine-generating neurons in your brain. As with Alzheimer’s, there is no known cure, which makes it that much more important to focus on prevention.

Though this may not seem like a big deal, most people enjoy several cups per day — allowing these amounts to quickly add up.

Studies show that coffee drinkers have a much lower risk of Parkinson’s disease, with a risk reduction ranging from 32–60%. In this case, the caffeine itself appears to be beneficial, as people who drink decaf don’t have a lower risk of Parkinson’s.

5. May Lower Your Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

8. May Protect Your Liver

Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem, currently affecting millions of people worldwide. It’s characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by insulin resistance or a reduced ability to secrete insulin. For some reason, coffee drinkers have a significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

Your liver is an amazing organ that carries out hundreds of important functions. Several common diseases primarily affect the liver, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease and many others.

Studies observe that people who drink the most coffee have a 23–50% lower risk of getting this disease. One study showed a reduction as high as 67%. According to a large review of 18 studies in a total of 457,922 people, each daily cup of coffee was associated with a 7% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes 6. May Protect You From Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. This condition usually affects people over 65, and there is no known cure.

However, there are several things you can do to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place. This includes the usual suspects like eating healthy and exercising, but drinking coffee may be incredibly effective as well.

Many of these conditions can lead to cirrhosis, in which your liver is largely replaced by scar tissue.

Interestingly, coffee may protect against cirrhosis — people who drink 4 or more cups per day have up to an 80% lower risk.

9. Can Fight Depression and Make You Happier Depression is a serious mental disorder that causes a significantly reduced quality of life. It’s very common, as about 4.1% of people in the US currently meet the criteria for clinical depression.

In a Harvard study published in 2011, women who drank 4 or more cups of coffee per day had a 20% lower risk of becoming depressed. Another study in 208,424 individuals found that those who drank 4 or more cups per day were 53% less likely to die by suicide.

We will continue the Health Benefits of Coffee in the next Issue of Heartland Magazine

Given these effects, it’s unsurprising that caffeine can improve physical performance by 11–12%, on average.

Therefore, it makes sense to have a strong cup of coffee about half an hour before you head to the gym.

The foods listed are a recommendation only. Consult your doctor if you have any health problems first.

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5 Benefits of a Healthy Relationship

Why Healthy Relationships Are So Important As humans, the relationships we form with other people are vital to our mental and emotional wellbeing, and really, our sur-vival.

Humans have an inherent desire to be close to other people. To connect and build relationships. While a man stranded on an island, talking to a volleyball (you remember the movie!) isn’t necessarily “healthy,” his compulsion for company is. That’s because the fact of the matter is, healthy relationships (romantic relationships, friendships, familial relationships -- they all count!) can help make for a healthier overall life.

But what exactly does a healthy relationship look like?

A positive relationship can be shared between any two people who love, support, encourage and help each other practically as well as emotionally.

In no particular order, people in healthy relationships tend to: • • • • • •

Listen to each other Communicate openly and without judgment Trust and respect each other Consistently make time for each other Remember details about each other’s lives Engage in healthy activities together

And while you don’t have to be romantically involved to enjoy the benefits of a healthy relationship, there are various studies on the positive effects a healthy romantic relationship can have on your health. Here are a couple benefits of healthy rela-tionships. Some are specific to romantic relationships, and others aren’t.

Less Stress Being in a committed relationship is linked to less production of cortisol, a stress hormone. This suggests that married or paired people are less responsive to psychological stress, and that the social and emotional support that comes with having a partner can be a great buffer against stress. There’s even evidence to suggest that couples who cohabitate are happier than those that don’t.

Better Healing Whether it’s having someone there to remind you to take your medicine, or having a partner to help take your mind off the pain, research suggests married people who have undergone heart surgery are three times more

likely to survive the first three months after surgery than single patients.

Married patients also reported feeling more confident about their ability to handle post-surgery pain and were less worried about the surgery in general. A little emotional support can go a long way toward helping a person recover from a procedure or illness.

Healthier Behaviours’ Healthy relationships set the perfect tone for an overall healthy lifestyle. If your spouse, friends or other loved ones encourage eating a healthy diet, exercising, not smoking, etc., you’re likely to follow in their footsteps. It’s a lot easier to take on healthy behaviours’ when you surround yourself with people who are doing the same.

Greater Sense of Purpose It’s natural for humans to want to feel needed, and like they’re part of something bigger. Many people strive to feel like they’re doing something good for someone else, and improving the world in some way. Being in a loving relationship, no matter what kind, can give a person a sense of well-being and purpose. In fact, it’s possible that having a sense of purpose can actually add years to your life.

Longer Life Speaking of adding years onto your life, research suggests that having healthy social relationships makes a bigger impact on avoiding early death than taking blood pressure medication or being exposed to air pollution. One study even suggests that a lack of social relationships has the same effect on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

Everyone is unique and has their own needs and desires when it comes to relationships, handling stress and living a healthy, meaningful life. If you’re the type of person who enjoys being alone, that’s okay too, but attempting to make a couple close relationships could mean noticeable benefits to your mental and physical health.

Sometimes having at least one good friend (or trusted co-worker, therapist or counsellor) to help walk you through issues like social anxiety or depression can end up being more than worth it. It might be difficult, but it also might be exactly what you need. Even just having one or two strong, healthy relationships in your life can have a positive effect on health.

Heartland Magazine | 69

Pepper Tree Wines 2017 ‘Venus Block’ Single Vineyard Chardonnay

2018 Huntington Estate Special Reserve Semillon

The 2017 vintage is an intense cool climate Chardonnay with flavours of stone fruits, fig and melon seductively integrated with barrel ferment complexity. A crisp and elegant style of Chardonnay, showing great purity of fruit

Silky smooth and elegant wine with great balance and length. The fruit character is very pure with lovely lemon drop aromas and flavour, supported by a hint of minerality / river stone.

Please drink sensibly, do not drink and drive or drink while pregnant. If you have a drinking problem please see www.aa.org.au or call 1300 222 222

70 | Heartland Magazine

Robert Stein Winery and Vineyard Mudgee 2019 Dry Riesling

Ridgemill Estate Wines 2016 Tempranillo “The Spaniard�

A classical dry Riesling, with all the lime and fruit characters you would expect, and a crisp and racy finish with a slight touch of sweetness. This wine has the ability to age beautifully.

Blueberry muffins, cherry and dark plum aromas. Lovely textual palate displaying dark plum, mulberry and spice fill a long palate loaded with very fine ripe chalky tannins. 10% whole bunch ferment, no fining was required.

Please drink sensibly, do not drink and drive or drink while pregnant. If you have a drinking problem please see www.aa.org.au or call 1300 222 222 Heartland Magazine | 71

Chris Gulaptis - Member for Clarence THE NSW NATIONALS IN GOVERNMENT’S BUSHFIRE ASSISTANCE ONE-STOP SHOP FOR FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES Bushfire affected families and businesses can now access all available help through the NSW & Federal Governments and local councils in one place rather than the merry-go-round of individually contacting agencies.

It’s called the NSW Government’s Bushfire Customer Care program and those impacted are encouraged to connect with a specialist officer on 13 77 88 (through Service NSW) between the hours of 7am-7pm, including weekends.

The Customer Care specialists will operate like case managers and connect bush fire affected customers with services and support information including: Clean-up services - Costs for clean-up of residences and businesses destroyed in the bushfires will be covered by the NSW Government in partnership with the Federal Government, irrespective of whether properties are insured or uninsured so they can start rebuilding and communities can begin healing. This means insured property owners will be able to use every dollar of their insurance policies towards rebuilding. For the uninsured, it’s one less thing to worry about.

Financial assistance - including the Commonwealth Government Disaster Recovery Payment of $1,000 per adult and $400 per child and the Disaster Recovery Allowance for short term income assistance.

NSW Government Disaster Relief Grants are also available for eligible individuals who have low income and limited assets and stamp duty relief if your motor vehicle has been destroyed by the fires.

Support for businesses and organisations - If you’re a small business or non-profit organisation, and you’ve suffered direct damage to your premises or equipment as a result of bushfires, you may be eligible for a bushfire recovery grant of up to $50,000.

As well as: •

Accommodation advice;

•

Support through relevant charitable services;

•

Mental health and wellbeing services;

•

Insurance and legal support;

•

Replacing lost ID and other documents;

•

Insurance and legal support

•

Applying for the Volunteer Firefighter Payment

•

Services provided by the Australian Government.

Further information is available at: www.service.nsw.gov.au.

ASSISTANCE FOR PRIMARY PRODUCERS Primary producers affected by the bushfires can now apply for a Special Disaster Grant of up to $75,000 to help pay for recovery costs.

Concessional loans and transport subsidies are also available for eligible primary producers. Contact the NSW Rural Assistance Authority on 1800 678 593 to apply. #BUY REGIONAL Shoppers wanting to directly support business in towns impacted by bushfire or drought can connect with sellers via the NSW Government’s Buy Regional webpage. Many businesses in bushfire affected towns are open but trade is slow due to tourists avoiding destinations near fires and major road closures. Business owners in both bushfire and drought affected areas across regional NSW can register for free. For more information or to buy from regional businesses visit www.nsw.gov.au/buyregional. .

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Janelle Saffin - MP I have been pressing the NSW Government to honour two major election commitments – rolling out the Re-gional Seniors Travel Card and kick-starting the transfer of up to 15,000 kilometres of regional roads from local councils to State financial responsibility.

I am happy to report that there has been some movement on both fronts, with the card finally launched on Wednesday, January 29, and the appointment of an independent expert panel to prepare a discussion paper and consultation strategy for councils.

I had been in contact with NSW Minister for Regional Transport and Roads Paul Toole with a view to expe-diting both election promises.

This Government has another three years in office, but people expect faster and smoother delivery of those promises.

The Regional Seniors Travel Card provides eligible seniors with a $250 pre-paid card to help with the cost of everyday travel – NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach services, fuel and taxi trips.

I urge local pensioners to contact service.nsw.gov.au or 13 77 88 or visit their nearest Service NSW centre – to check their eligibility so they can take full advantage of the card for each year of the two-year trial period.

The four councils in my electorate – Lismore City, Kyogle, Tweed Shire and Tenterfield Shire – have been craving more details on how they will have to justify priority roads under new arrangements.

Where council outdoor gangs currently undertake the maintenance on the ground, it of course would be benefi-cial for Transport for NSW to contract such work back to the respective councils to safeguard local jobs and keep local economies strong.

Mr Toole has acknowledged this in written response to me: “The NSW Government recognises the importance of road maintenance work to councils and their workforce, and will be asking the independent panel to consid-er this as part of its work.”

So, I regard this breakthrough as a good early win for our local councils.

My only concern is that Mr Toole has indicated that the panel, chaired by former NRMA president Wendy Machin, is not expected to deliver its report until July 2021 at the earliest because it is reviewing the entire road classification network.

Most councils already know and have documented which regional roads they would like to see transferred, so having to wait another 18 months or two years for any real outcomes seems like a glacial pace to me.

ON THE ROAD: Lismore MP Janelle Saffin recently hosted NSW Shadow Minister for Local Government Greg Warren MP for roundtable discussions with Kyogle Council and Lismore City Council, where the pro-posed regional roads transfer was high on the agenda.

They are pictured here with Kyogle Mayor Cr Danielle Mulholland, Cr Janet Wilson and senior staff.

Kevin Hogan - MP The Federal Government are continuing to roll out funding as part of the recovery and rebuild after the fires, recent announcements have included.

An initial $1 million grant has been provided to Kyogle Council for Bushfire recovery.

Much more money will flow once all the damage assessments are done. This is a fast tracked payment to get repairs underway.

Roundabouts Many intersections have a central roundabout. Roundabouts manage the traffic flow in roads with either a single lane or multiple lanes.

Do not drive on the central island of a roundabout unless the size of your vehicle means that you cannot avoid the wheels crossing the central kerb.

Signs identifying roundabouts Signs indicate that there is a roundabout ahead, and that you must give way to vehicles on the roundabout.

The funds can go into rebuilding infrastructure, hire staff to help with the recovery, or staging local events to attract more tourists and business to the region.

We have also committed an initial $50 million for wildlife and habitat recovery.

Making turns and giving way at roundabouts The diagram shows how to indicate and give way at roundabouts:

Funding will be directed by experts along with local knowledge and expertise towards; • Care for and rehabilitate injured wildlife.

• Secure viable populations of threatened species.

• Control feral predators, other pest animals and noxious weeds that are a major threat to vulnerable animals and plants at this time.

• Scientifically map and understand the true impact of these fires.

• Work with landowners to protect those precious remaining unburned areas, which will serve as ‘arks’ and allow our native plants and animals to recover.

We are providing grants up to $75,000 for Primary Producers and $50,000 for Businesses that have sustained damage as a result of the fires to help recover.

Also small business loans for affected areas are available up to $500,000 interest and repayment free for the first 2 year. These are also offered to farmers, primary producers and non-profit organisations, under the Disaster Recovery Funding Arrangements.

A support line, which will be staffed by trained financial counsellors, will provide information on the assistance and support available to small businesses in bushfire affected regions.

While the specialist Support Line is being established, businesses can visit www.business.gov.au or call 13 28 46.

The Commissioner of Taxation has agreed to provide a range of assistance measures to businesses in identified bushfire-impacted postcodes to help to alleviate cash flow pressures and assist these businesses with their recovery efforts.

• • •

• Approaching a roundabout: Vehicles entering a roundabout must give way to any vehicle already in the roundabout.

• Giving way at a roundabout: The driver must slow down and if necessary, stop to avoid a collision.

• Tu r n i n g l e f t : On your approach to a roundabout you must select the left lane, signal left, stay in the left lane to exit.

• Going straight ahead: Do not signal when approaching the roundabout but always signal left before exiting a roundabout. You may approach the roundabout from either left or right lanes (unless there are road markings with other instructions), drive in the same lane through the roundabout and exit in the same lane.

Turning right: On your approach, to a roundabout you must select the right lane, signal right, stay in the right lane and signal left before exiting into the right lane.

Making a U-turn: When you use the roundabout to make a U-turn on your approach signal right from the right lane, stay in the right lane, but signal left before exiting into the right lane.

Exiting a roundabout: If practical, you must always signal left when exiting a roundabout.

The rules for slowing down, giving way and signalling when approaching and exiting at roundabouts are the same for single lane and multi-lane roundabouts.

Roundabouts and bicycle riders Bicycle riders are allowed to turn right from the left hand lane. When passing each exit, the rider must give way to any vehicle leaving the roundabout from that exit.

• • • • • •

Risks to watch for Take extra care whenever you drive in a roundabout: Keep an eye out for cars that are leaving the roundabout Be careful if changing lanes in a roundabout, particularly when leaving Look out for vehicles that are making a full turn Watch for bicycles, long vehicles and motorcycles.

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Scammers may also play on your emotions by claiming to help children who are ill.

Fake charities operate in a number of different ways. You may be approached on the street or at your front door by people collecting money. Scammers may also set up fake websites which look similar to those operated by real charities. Some scammers will call or email you requesting a donation.

Warning signs

Bushfires and scams There are currently a wide range of appeals raising funds for people and animals affected by the bushfires. Unfortunately, some of these are scams.

People can make a report on the Scamwatch website, or find more information about where to get help. The ACCC has also set up a dedicated phone number for the public to report bushfire related scams. People can call 1300 795 995 to report these scams.

If you wish to make a donation towards those affected by the bushfires, please protect yourself with the following information: • Scammers are pretending to be legitimate well-known charities, creating their own charity names, and impersonating people negatively impacted by the bushfires.

• Scammers are cold-calling, direct messaging and creating fake websites and pages on social media to raise funds.

• Do not donate via fundraising pages on platforms that do not verify the legitimacy of the fundraiser or that do not guarantee your money will be returned if the page is determined to be fraudulent.

• Be careful about crowdfunding requests as these may be fake and also come from scammers. Check the terms and conditions of funding platforms and ensure you are dealing with official organisations. If you are unsure, make your donation to an established charity instead.

• If you are donating to an established charity or not-forprofit organisation, ensure it is registered and that you are on its official website by searching the Australia Charities and Not-forprofits Commission Charity Register.

• If you think you have paid money to a scammer, please contact your bank immediately.

Fake charities Scammers impersonate genuine charities and ask for donations or contact you claiming to collect money after natural disasters or major events.

How this scam works Fake charities try to take advantage of your generosity and compassion for others in need. Scammers will steal your money by posing as a genuine charity. Not only do these scams cost you money, they also divert much needed donations away from legitimate charities and causes.

Fake charity approaches occur all year round and often take the form of a response to real disasters or emergencies, such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes and bushfires.

Scammers will pose as either agents of legitimate well-known charities or create their own charity name. This can include charities that conduct medical research or support disease sufferers and their families. They may also pose as individuals needing donations for health or other reasons.

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• You’ve never heard of the charity before, or it is wellknown but you suspect the website, email or letter may be fake. A fake website may look almost identical to a legitimate charity site, changing only the details of where to send donations.

• The person collecting donations on behalf of the charity does not have any identification. Remember, even if they do have identification, it could be forged or meaningless.

• You are put under pressure or made to feel guilty or selfish if you don’t want to donate.

• You are asked to provide a cash donation as they don’t accept cheques. Or, they want the cheque to be made out to them rather than to the charity.

• You are not given a receipt. Or, they give you a receipt that does not have the charity’s details on it.

Protect yourself • Approach charity organisations directly to make a donation or offer support.

• Check the organisation’s name and look them up. Check the website address to make sure it’s the same as what you searched for.

• Legitimate charities are registered – you check an organisation’s credentials on the Australian Charities and Not-forProfits Commission (ACNC) website to see if they are a genuine charity.

• Never send money or give personal information, credit card details or online account details to anyone you don’t know or trust.

• If you are approached by a street collector, ask to see their identification. If you have any doubts about who they are, do not pay.

• If you are approached in person, ask the collector for details about the charity such as its full name, address and how the proceeds will be used. If they become defensive and cannot answer your questions, close the door.

• Avoid any arrangement with a stranger that asks for up-front payment via money order, wire transfer, international funds transfer, pre-loaded card or electronic currency, like Bitcoin. It is rare to recover money sent this way.

Have you been scammed?

If you think you have provided your account details to a scammer, contact your bank or financial institution immediately.

We encourage you to report scams to the ACCC via the report a scam page. This helps us to warn people about current scams, monitor trends and disrupt scams where possible. Please include details of the scam contact you received, for example, email or screenshot.

We also provide guidance on protecting yourself from scams and where to get help.

Spread the word to your friends and family to protect them.

If you have a concern about a registered charity, you can contact the ACNC on 13 2262 or email advice@acnc.gov.au.

Identity theft is a type of fraud that involves using someone else’s identity to steal money or gain other benefits.

Common methods of identity theft • Phishing - the scammer tricks you into handing over your personal information.

• Hacking - the scammer gains access to your information by exploiting security weaknesses on your computer, mobile device or network.

• Remote access scams - the scammer tricks you into giving access to your computer and paying for a service you don’t need.

• Malware & ransomware - Malware tricks you into installing software that allows scammers to access your files and track what you are doing, while ransomware demands payment to ‘unlock’ your computer or files.

• Fake online profiles - the scammer sets up a fake profile on a social media or dating site and sends you a ‘friend’ request.

• Document theft - the scammer gains access to your private information through unlocked mailboxes or discarded personal documents such as utility bills, insurance renewals or health care records.

Warning signs • You receive an email, text or a phone call out of the blue asking you to ‘validate’ or ‘confirm’ your personal details by clicking on a link or opening an attachment. The message contains grammatical errors and is poorly written.

• There are unexpected pop-ups on your computer or mobile device asking if you want to allow software to run.

• You receive a friend request from someone you don’t know on social media.

• You are unable to log into your social media or email account, or your profile has been logged into from an unusual location.

• You notice that amounts of money go missing from your bank account without any explanation.

• You are refused a financial service or an application for a loan or credit card has been declined.

• You receive bills, invoices or receipts addressed to you for goods or services you didn’t purchase yourself.

Protect yourself • Do not open suspicious texts or emails – delete them.

• Verify the identity of the contact by calling the relevant organisation directly – find them through an independent source such as a phone book or online search. Do not use the contact details provided in the message sent to you.

• Never send money or give credit card, online account details or copies of personal documents to anyone you don’t know or trust.

• Choose passwords that would be difficult for others to guess, and update them regularly. Don’t use the same password for every account, and don’t share them with anyone.

• Secure your networks and devices with anti-virus software and a good firewall. Avoid using public computers or WiFi hotspots to access or provide personal information.

• Be very careful about how much personal information you share on social network sites. Scammers can use your information and pictures to create a fake identity or to target you with a scam.

• When making online payments, only pay for items using a secure payment service—look for a URL starting with ‘https’ and a closed padlock symbol, or a payment provider such as PayPal. • Put a lock on your mailbox and shred or destroy any documents containing personal information before disposing of them.

• Find out how to get a free copy of your credit report from the ASIC MoneySmart website. Your credit report contains important information on your credit history and is useful for checking that no one is using your name to borrow money or run up debts.

Do you know about the: Do Not Call Register About the Do Not Call Register Information about the Do Not Call Register, the services it offers and who uses them.

mobile and fax numbers to opt out of receiving most unsolicited telemarketing calls and faxes.

Registration is free and you only need to do it once.

Once registered, a number will stay on the register indefinitely unless the number owner or their representative removes the number.

Who is the Do Not Call Register for?

The register is for consumers, including: • Members of the general public—who can register Australian numbers that are used for private or domestic purposes • Authorised officers of government bodies and emergency services—who can register Australian numbers that are used exclusively by government bodies or are emergency service numbers • Authorised officers of businesses—who can register Australian numbers used exclusively for transmitting and receiving faxes.

More information for consumers.

The register is for businesses undertaking telephone or fax marketing to Australian consumers, including: • Telemarketers—making voice calls or causing telemarketing calls to be made with a particular commercial purpose • Fax marketers—transmitting marketing faxes or causing marketing faxes to be made with a particular commercial purposes • Other businesses—planning on making calls of faxes for marketing purposes.

More information for industry.

How does the Do Not Call Register work?

Telemarketers and fax marketers have 30 days to recognise the registration of a number and to stop contacting that number.

To identify registered numbers, organisations are able to check—or ‘wash’—their calling lists against the register.

Lists are submitted, checked and returned with all registered numbers identified. To protect the privacy of registrants, organisations are only given information on the numbers submitted.

Any organisation that either calls or faxes a number listed on the register, or arranges for this to occur, may be breaking the law and could face penalties.

Who is responsible for the Do Not Call Register?

The Australian Media and Communications Authority (the ACMA) manages the register, including responding to breaches of the legislation.

The legislative arrangements that underpin the register include the: • Do Not Call Register Act 2006 —establishes the register, and outlines rules for making unsolicited telemarketing calls and sending unsolicited marketing faxes to numbers on the register.

• Do Not Call Register Regulations 2017 —specifies the types of calls that are not telemarketing calls and the people deemed to be nominees of a relevant account-holder • Telecommunications (Telemarketing and Research Calls) Industry Standard 2017 —sets out the minimum requirements for those making telemarketing and research calls to Australian numbers, including when and how they can make certain calls • Fax Marketing Industry Standard 2011—sets out minimum requirements for those sending marketing faxes to Australian numbers, including when and how fax marketers can send certain faxes.

What is the Do Not Call Register?

The Do Not Call Register is a secure database where individuals and organisations can register, check or remove their Australian telephone,

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

MOBILE PHONE USE - WHAT’S LEGAL AND ILLEGAL USE LEGAL MOBILE PHONE USE

ILLEGAL MOBILE PHONE USE All other functions including video calling, texting, emailing, social media, web browsing and photography are prohibited unless parked.

It is also illegal to hold and use a mobile phone at any time while driving or riding.

Using a Digital Driver Licence It’s illegal to access your Digital Driver Licence when driving, including when stationary, unless you’re asked to do so by a police officer.

Penalties apply.

Learner, P1 and P2 licence holders Restricted licences holders including learner, P1 and P2 drivers and riders are not permitted to use their phone at all while driving or riding. This includes use of hands-free and Bluetooth functions.

Illegal mobile phone use will result in heavy penalties including demerit points and fines, which could mean the loss of your licence.

Tip: Avoid temptation and keep your phone in your bag or glovebox.

Unrestricted licence holders and all bicycle riders Full licence holders and bicycle riders are permitted to use particular mobile phone functions. These include making or answering a phone call, or playing audio, if the phone: · Is secured in a cradle; or · Can be used without touching any part of the phone (e.g. Bluetooth).

This also includes using a mobile phone as a driver’s aid (e.g. navigation) if the phone is secured in a cradle.

Tip: Using a mobile phone legally can still be distracting. Consider the traffic conditions before using your phone.

Mobile phone detection cameras The mobile phone detection camera program enforcing illegal mobile phone use by drivers commences on 1 December 2019.

The program will include fixed and transportable cameras that will commence operating at locations across the network. Coupled with ongoing enforcement by NSW Police, these cameras will target illegal mobile phone use anywhere, anytime.

Warning letters relating to camera-detected offences will be issued for the first three months. Following this period, the penalty for Heartland Magazine | 77

Casino Quota Club: Meeting 2nd Tuesday of every month. 6:30 pm for 7 pm start at the Baptist Church House Casino.

Enquiries to Lenore on 0414 918 167 or email: casinoquota@gmail.com Grow Group: 1800 558 268 Lion's Club Casino: Lion's Club meeting is held on the 2nd and 4th Wednesday each month at RSM from 6:30- 7:00.

Square Dancing: Square Dancing: a great way to meet new friends. Bright toe-tapping music. It's fun and healthy too. Singles and couples welcome. Club dances Thursday afternoon and Friday nights. Contact Francis on 0407 663 017.

Casino Vision Impaired: Support group for anyone who is blind or vision impaired e.g.

Macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts. Meeting on the first Monday of each month at the Baptist Church hall at 10:00.

Have an outing each month. Anyone can come who is there to support their partners, carers or family. For more details ring Denise Green on 0448 014 682.

The Casino Community Men's Shed: The Casino Community Men's Shed is open Mondays to Wednesdays, 8:30am to 2:00pm. Membership is open to males and females. For more information contact us on phone No. 02 6662 6423 or email us on casmenshed@live.com.au or find us on Facebook.

Kyogle Sunshine Club: Meets every Thursday at 9:30am. In the Supper Room. Come and enjoy a day of fun, morning tea and lunch. All welcome. For more detail contact 0499 824 274.

Casino Richmond River Country Music Club Social Day: come on down for some country music. Counter meals also available. All singers and musician’s welcome! 3rd Sunday of every month at the RSM, 11am.Enquiries to Gloria New Ph 02 6662 2625 CWA Meeting Dates: CWA Meeting The CWA meeting will be held on the 3rd Thursday of the month at the Casino Community Cultural Centre at 9:00 am. For further information please contact Allison on Ph: 0400 956 404 CWA Craft.

The CWA and friends will meet in the Casino library at 9:00 am on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. For further in information please contact Diane on 6663 3144 or Vivian on 6662 1838.

Casino Mini Rail Every Sunday 10am to 4pm Weather permitting Casino View Club holds its monthly luncheon meeting at Casino RSM club 11 am on the second Thursday of the month. Any further inquiries or to book lunch please contact Barbara on 6661 2530 Casino Croquet Club members are reminded that play will be recommencing from Wednesday February 6th at 8.30am for play before 9am. New members (male or female) are invited to come along for some free trial lessons with our Captain Mary & newly qualified coach, Leonie . For further information contact Mary on 66621971 Richmond River Beef Produces Association Meet on the 2nd Wed of every month at Kyogle Showgrounds in the luncheon room at 7pm. For more details Phone Lyn on 0427 293 455.

Social Dancing Want to put the beat back into your feet and great exercise come along to St Mark’s Dance Group in the Back-Hall Casino. Access via Simpsons Parade, every Tuesday 7-9pm. (Cost is $3) A Social is held on the first Saturday night 7.30-11pm. (Cost $5 and please bring a plate for 78 | Heartland Magazine

supper) Lucky door Prizes & Raffles are held at these. All welcome, more information please phone Maggie on 6662 4060 or 0402 104 195 Casino Rotary Club Meets each Monday at Casino RSM Club 6.15pm starts at 6.30pm Contact secretaryrccasino@gmail.com St Marks Dance Group Saturday night social the 1st Saturday of the month.

McKees Hill Bowls Club Indoor bowls every Sunday at McKees Hill Hall. Commencing at 1pm. $3 for the afternoon of bowls. Contact Frank 6683 2327 Lions Club of Kyogle Fourth Lions Club in Australia ‘’ Proud of it ‘’ Lions Club meeting is held on the 1st & 3rd Tuesday each Month @ the Kyogle Bowling Club from 6.30 – 7.00. Visitor and New Members Most Welcome For more information contact Neville Moon 663 22233 Casino Mixed Probus Club Meet on the 4th Thursday of the month at the Casino RSM Club at 10am.For information call the secretary on 0419 886 119 The Casino & District Historical Society Museum is open for visitors Sunday, Monday, Wednesday and Friday 10am to 2pm.

Adults $5, Children and Students free. Bus trips are welcome. Yearly Membership $15, Couples $25 . General Meetings are held 2nd Saturday - March, June, Sept, November 10am in Museum. All welcome.

Email casinohistorymuseum@outlook.com for further information. We are on facebook.

Northern Rivers Prostate Cancer Support Groups Evening Group meets the first Wednesday of each month 7pm until 9pm Lismore Workers Club, Keen Street, Lismore Enquiries phone Bob Johnson (02) 6622 5792 Day Group meets the third Monday of each month 10am until 12 noon Alstonville Bowling Club, Deegan Drive, Alstonville Enquiries phone Gordon (02) 6684 1137 or 0415 664 649 Partners or carers most welcome to attend, these meetings are a great opportunity to share, learn and benefit from other people’s experiences.

To have a notice in Save the Date: email Jeff at jeff@heartlandmedia.com.au

Weekly Markets Lismore Organic Market: Every Tuesday, 7:30am–11am Murwillumbah Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 7am–11am Nimbin Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 3pm–6pm Byron Farmers Market: Every Thursday, 8am–11am Lismore Produce Market: Every Thursday, 3:30pm–7pm Mullumbimby Farmers Market: Every Friday, 7am–11am Bangalow Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Blue Knob Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8.30am–12pm Byron Bay Saturday Artisan Market: Every Saturday, 4pm–9pm Kyogle Farmers & Crafts Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Lismore Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Uki Produce Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Drake Hall Markets: Last Saturday of the month, 9am-2pm Tabulam Community Market Second Sunday of the month, 9am-2pm Ballina Missingham Farmers Market: Every Sunday, 6am–12pm Brunswick Heads Market Day: First Saturday of each Month.

Barraba Markets 2nd Saturday of the month Hallsville Country Market 4th Sunday of the month Manilla CWA Markets 4th Sunday of the month Tamworth Growers’ Markets Every Saturday Tamworth Peel Street Markets 3rd Sunday of the month Singleton Sunday Markets 2nd Sunday of the month Maitland Markets First Sunday of every month Bathurst Farmers’ Markets Fourth Saturday of the month Twilight Food Market - Coffs Harbour Every Friday from October to April Kingscliff Markets Second and fourth Saturday of every month Jindabyne Hall Markets First Saturday each month Hunter Wine Country Markets Every Saturday Wauchope Farmers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Albury Wodonga Farmers Market Every Saturday Wellington Rotary Markets Fourth Saturday of each month(closed January) Yass Community Markets First and third Saturday of the month Bollywood Beach Markets First and fourth Saturday of each month

Dungog Local Growers Stall Every Saturday of the month The Entrance Market Every Saturday of the month Kiama Makers and Growers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Coonabarabran Townlife Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Nimbin Markets Every fourth and fifth Sunday of the month Newcastle City Farmers Market Every Sunday Griffith Rotary Market Every Sunday from 8am to 12 noon Yamba River Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Avoca Beachside Markets Fourth Sunday of each month Gunning Markets Every Sunday of the month Gosford Monthly Market First Saturday of each month Eat Street Wollongong Every Thursday Young and Region Farmers Markets First, third and fifth Saturday each month Dubbo Riverside Markets Second Sunday of each month Gulgong Markets Every fourth Saturday Toronto Monthly Markets First Thursday of each month Berry Produce Market Twice a month on the second Saturday and fourth Sunday Batemans Bay Sunday Market The first and third Sunday every month

Every FIRST Saturday Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every FIRST Sunday Lismore Car Boot Market: Iluka Markets - Ken Leeson Oval: Every SECOND Saturday Byron Flea Market: Woodburn Markets: Every SECOND Sunday The Channon Craft Market Lennox Community Market Tabulam Live Music Jam Session Second Sunday of the Month Behind the Co-op.

Every THIRD Saturday Mullumbimby Community Market: Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every THIRD Sunday Ballina Market: Lismore Car Boot Market: Murwillumbah Market: Uki Buttery Bazaar Market: Every FOURTH Saturday Evans Head Riverside Market: Every FOURTH Sunday Bangalow Market: Casino Riverside Markets: Kyogle Bazaar: Nimbin Market: Every FIFTH Sunday Lennox Community Market: Nimbin Market:

If we have forgotten your community’s market, please contact us and let us know so we can include it in our next edition!

All dates are correct at time of publication

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HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers for Issue 37 Page 80

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Answers for Issue 37 Page 81

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Heartland Magazine Issue 39 available mid March Check with your Newsagent or Heartland Magazine stockists

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