HEARTLAND MAGAZINE ISSUE 37 JAN/FEB 2020

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All Advertisements and layout by Jeff Gibbs Š 2019 Heartland Magazine

From the Publishers Happy new Year to all of our readers.

It doesn’t seem that long ago that we were welcoming in the year 2000 and the threat of the Y2K bug that was going to disable our computers, banking would stop, and planes would drop out of the skies.

QUANTA LINES can help you with all your power needs large or small. Our friendly and experienced staff will assess your needs, and can design, construct and manage your project from start to finish.

Whether it’s moving a pole, upgrading your power supply, or full electrical infrastructure and telecommunications pit & pipe for a new subdivision or development, QUANTA LINES will provide the whole package.

I remember on that night sitting at Mrs Macquarie’s Chair watching the fireworks in Sydney with my two kids, we had a great night and made memories forever. I wondered what the world would be like for them in 20 years from now and here we are. Boy it has gone by quick; I remember my Grandfather saying to me that life goes by too quickly, I didn’t know what he meant then, but I do now.

Heartland on the Road

20 years from now, I wonder what the world will be like? Technology I guess will take over and not make our lives easier but busier than ever. Thinking about the ‘great advances’ over the past 20 years I was thinking that the mobile phone has shaped our lives, they control us if we let them. We seem to spend more time looking at them than engaging in conversation with family and or friends. I wonder what Alexander Graham Bell would think of the evolution of his invention, the invention that would connect people with each other at anytime, anywhere in the world. It has in fact replaced the torch, camera and to some degree the computer and sadly it has replaced our interaction with others. We all see it, people in cafes, restaurants, everywhere and they are looking at their phone, nobody talks, maybe they are texting each other!!

Nurse Hope relaxing with her latest copy of Heartland Magazine at the Gold Coast University Hospital.

Send us a picture of you, your partner, kids or friends reading a copy of Heartland Magazine by email and we’ll publish it in an upcoming issue, please include your name, phone and a little story to accompany your picture.

SMS your photo to 0417 516 004

Hopefully another advancement we make is politicians that will lead and stand up and do things for the future and not think of their careers but think of their people and future people. We can only hope they don’t get stuck on their phones or nothing will happen!

2020, wow but where are the flying cars, robots, living in space or dinners that come in packets? As kids in the 60’s this was the future we are living in now. Oh well, we have each other that’s all that matters, as long as we ignore the mobile phone.

Thank you everyone for your support and emails regarding our big move to distributing nationally. I can tell you that Heartland Magazine has been a hit everywhere it has been sold and the feedback has been wonderful.

Anyway, please enjoy this edition of Heartland, put the phone on silent and read away with a cup of tea or coffee and relax. ‘til next time take care of each other.

Jeff and Sharon

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Subscriptions welcome call Sharon on 1300 679 787 for a 6 or 12 month subscription delivered to your door each month.

Heartland Magazine |

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January/February 2020 edition 37 PUBLISHED by Heartland Media 81 Walker Street, Casino NSW 2470 02 6662 6222 TO ADVERTISE in Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sharon Bateman at sharon@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222

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Helen Trustum

10

Farmer Sophie Adventures

TO TELL US YOUR STORY for Heartland Magazine send your enquiry to Sophie at sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au or call our office on 02 6662 6222

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Do you remember?

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Motoring History

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Truck History

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SUV News

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Old to New

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Kids Page

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Travel - Mudgee

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Let’s Cook

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Natural Products

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Beauty

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Save the Date

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Local Markets

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Heartland Magazine Regional Offices Casino – 02 6662 6222 Toowoomba - 07 4580 1122 Newcastle – 02 4044 5612 Dubbo – 02 6834 8955 Tamworth – 02 5733 4522 Canberra – 02 5104 5122 Bendigo – 03 5410 1222 © Heartland Magazine 2019. All material in Heartland Magazine is copyright.

No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Please contact us for further information if required.

www.heartlandmagazine.com.au ISSN 2652-337X (Online) ISSN 2652-3361 (Print) Special thank you to Helen Trustum Thank you to Denise Alison - Humans of Lismore, Maclean Historical Society, Uki Historical Society, Tamworth Historical Society and all of our contributors.

Heartland Media welcomes stories that are submitted via writing however we will publish them in their entirety and will not edit them in any way...some stories have tried to recreate events, locales and conversations from personal memories of them. In order to maintain their anonymity in some instances people have changed the names of individuals and places, or may have changed some identifying characteristics and details such as physical properties, occupations and places of residence. We do not take responsibility for the way the story reads or grammatical errors. We are simply transferring them from the heart.

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Once you are gone, your memories are gone with you. Let us tell your story and leave your history with your family and future generations to show you were here and the life you left behind. Call Heartland and let us tell your story in quality Call us on 02 6662 6222 or Email: sophie@heartlandmedia.com.au

The Heartland Team

Jeff - Co Founder Graphic Design & Layout

Sharon - Co Founder Sales

Sophie Writer & Research

Bella Security

Contents

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Heartland Magazine |

7

Clunes Agricultural Society

Helen Trustum

N

ot many readers out there would realise that Clunes ever had a show. They might have only held three with the fourth one washed out but you must give them credit for having a go back in 1888.

Clunes Inaugural Show - 1889 Exhibitors at the 1889 Clunes Show

Best farm horse or mare – W.H. Gray Best pony stallion – J. Beckenridge “Tim Finnigan” Best pony mare – W.H. Risley – “Butterfly” Best lady rider – Miss M. Gray Bill Noble

A meeting of supporters for the establishment of an Agricultural Society in the vicinity of Clunes was held in July 1888. Mr Walmsley moved a motion for a show to be held on Midgen Grass. There was an overwhelming opposition as they Alec Clark, on Clunes 1st show committee believed the location was to near Lismore. A committee of three was appointed to choose a site at Benny’s Creek, near Eureka and report back to the next meeting. A site was chosen near the school and church in Clunes.

Not many of today’s generation know that the first show to serve farmers of the Big Scrub and surrounds was the Clunes Agricultural Association Show. A few names connected to that show include; J. McAnally, C. Hetherington, H. O’Meara, J.B. Wright, Johnson Brothers, E. Boyle, W. Wilson, J. Gay, D.J. McPherson, T. Kirkland, W. Small, S.R. Cooke, W.J. Walker, W. Hayter, D. Buckley, J. Elliott, S. Dudgeon, F. Fredericks, O. Virtue, N. Noble, J. Noble, Payne Brothers, G. Walmsley, G. James, A. Clark, James Gibson, R.E. Walker, W.H. Gray, E. Slattery, W. Somerville, G.J. Hindmarsh and D. Weir.

Cattle Section; Ayrshire bull – G.J. Hindmarsh, Ayrshire cow – G.J. Hindmarsh, Jersey bull – W. Elliott, Jersey cow – W. Elliott.

Map of Clunes showing Showground

Poultry; J. McAnally, D. Weir, W.J. Risley, N. Bulmer, H. Lee and W. Elliott sharing the honours.

With their first show out of the way the Clunes Show Society were looking forward to staging another show. This was held on the Wednesday and Thursday, 18th and 19th February 1891 with fine weather. There were about 400 dairy cattle in the show, the best ever seen in the district. W. Moses was appointed secretary. The crowd in attendance was 900. Mr J. Perry M.P. attended the show on both days and was called upon for the opening ceremony. Needlework and horticultural products were shown in the Protestant Hall with a temporary marque erected alongside. The Lismore Pipe Band played during Thursday afternoon.

Judges in the cattle section were S. Dudgeon, R. Johnson, G.A. Kendall with steward’s - S.R. Cooke, J. Elliott, M. King and J. Gibson.

Judges in the horse section were W., Small Snr, E. Boyle and D. McPherson. Stewards – J. Gay and D. Weir.

Judges in the pig section were J. Noble, J. Wilson, E. Slattery.

Secretary for the first show was J. McAnally who was an Auctioneer in Clunes, an avid showman who exhibited his dogs and poultry at the local shows.

The inaugural Clunes show which was held on April 2nd and 3rd 1889 was a great success with over 1,000 entries. The horses and cattle were superior to anything else in the district.

There was a large attendance on the second day.

Horse Section; Best trotting horse to be ridden or driven - G. Nobles “Beach” Best spring cart horse to be ridden or driven – N. Bulmer 8

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Poster designed by Miss Maud Walker for Clunes Show 1893

Stewards – D. Cook and T. Kirkland.

Judges in the poultry section – J. Wrighman, D. Townly.

Stewards – Mr Bate, D. Cooke and T. Kirkland Judges in the Farm Produce – James Johnson, K. and H. McPherson, Stewards – Mr Noble, William Moses, D. and A. Clark.

Early shoes were one-sided These first shoes were more to cover one’s feet than to impress.

Although making them become easier and mechanized after 1917, they still were one-sided.

Majority of the shoes them were left-footed – meaning that they mimicked the shape of the left foot.

Therefore, you couldn’t distinguish which one of the pair fitted the right one or the left foot. People routinely wore these pairs interchangeably. And nobody raised any concern about this oddity.

The shoes were both left-sided until the 1850s.

Shoes killed Another factor you didn’t know about shoes was that it made people crazy about their heights. Many women’s shoes were designed high. The most prominent was the chopine variant – made from coke – which had platforms reaching the height of 70 centimeters.

These heels were so high that the wearer needed support from two women to help them walk around.

In case of a mishap, however, women could fall to their untimely death. The lucky ones suffered multiple fractures and other serious physical injuries.

Due to these shoe-inflicted deaths, several regions passed laws limiting the maximum height of the platforms. Shoes will great heights were outlawed.

High heels were manly

The 1893 Clunes Agricultural Show was cancelled due to wet weather.

The fourth Clunes Show was held Wednesday 17th and Thursday 18th January 1884. Over 1,500 entries were received. The exhibition was by far the best of the three staged so far. President was T. Moses and Secretary Mr Fraser worked hard to make the show a success. Next to these great men were the stewards and particularly the gentleman that were connected with the horse and cattle sections.

High heels are synonymous with women, right? Correct, but not previously. Did you know that men were the first to wear platforms and began the high heels craze? Well, knight and counts wore them to secure their saddles during horse riding. As such, high-heel shoes become associated with aristocracy and nobility.

But no other man promoted this style more than King Louis XIV. Since he was short – barely 5 inches 5 feet tall, he wore them to gain artificial height. But he was so conscious about the style that he forced his fellow nobility to wear high shoes.

Special Prizes = Trotting Horse in Harness – Dixon Cooke Best girl rider – Miss Windsor Best boy rider – J. Brown Best Lady rider – Miss Johnston.

Best pen of 2 heifers – R. Noble Best Boar – Johnston Brothers Best keg of butter – R. Duncan Best collection of vegetables – W.J. Kirton.

Best collection of flowers – Miss M. Johnson Best loaf home-made bread – Miss E. Flemming Most prizes in poultry section – J. Elliott The 1894 Clunes Show appears to be the last giving way to the emerging Bangalow Show which started in 1897. This year Bangalow Show is still going as strong as ever with this year staging their 122nd Show.

Heartland Magazine Special Feature |

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Birchalls Book Store

With the magical sound of rain on the tin roof, I shut my eyes and float off to dream land as another day comes to a close. Appreciating the fresh vigor, the rain had given the thirsty land, I reflect on a year which has given me endless opportunities to learn and extend my farming expertise. My resume now included tractor driving skills and being comfortable enough to wear cow-boy boots on any given day of the year, regardless of season. Although sometimes frustrating and a little dramatic, Farmer Sophie achieved some small wins on the farm as a far more confident set of mascara applied eyes look on toward the new year.

Although weekends had become a time for slashing, dipping and general farming merriment, a piece of my previous life had found me and with one phone call from my dance agent in Sydney, I was on a plane on my way to China to perform at a Christmas Gala. China had been a second home to me for many years and it was a nice feeling to jet set away for a working Christmas break.

With an early morning rehearsal done of the 3-show program, it was time for a dress run with the music, lights and costuming. Trading in my usual farm shirt and work boots for a feather back-pack and sequined leotard, the girls and I were strutting our stuff across the gold stage, elegantly posing in various showgirl silhouettes. One such passing was a little too close when all of a sudden, a scream followed by a giggle and a whip lash jerking movement was experienced by myself and a fellow dancer. It appeared that the wire in our feather back-packs had become entwined and we had become stuck together.

Shuffling off the stage like an oversized crab, my colleague and I awkwardly slink off to un-tangle our feathers and set each other free.

Eventually we manage to once again be 2 separate dancers and continue on with the rest of the numbers in the show. After a short break the other performers and I prepare our costumes for show time as it becomes clear that the earlier collision had damaged the wire in our feather back packs. Lucky for my fellow artists, I have had recent experience in wire art when my cows escaped through a hole in the fence on the farm. Although not a long-term solution I manage to bend the wire and secure the broken section with some gaffa tape.

Farm girl ingenuity saves the show and a hearty warm applause brings the night’s performances to a close.

After safely touching down in Sydney and transferring to the domestic terminal, I am quickly and swiftly reminded of the slower safer pace of life back in my hometown. While I was wrestling my 20kg suitcase out of the back seat of my agent’s car, I look around to see an out of control black car coming towards my precious dancing feet. Using my suitcase as a buffer, I leap onto the curb while the driver continued to figure out the difference between the accelerator and brake. My week away had been pleasant, but the comforting silence of the farm and was a welcoming spiritual hug which ensured me I was exactly where I needed to be and that my home now was a place a hadn’t expected a year earlier.

The lashes, make up and glamour of the showgirl world will always remain with me, but Farmer Sophie is just a normal country girl in a cuter than usual outfit.

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As technology becomes more advanced and the way in which we receive information evolves, bookstores are becoming a thing of the past.

Information can be read on line and books can be downloaded and read through other devices. There is something so special about the tactile feel and emotion a physical book can provoke. With each turn of the page a new layer of the story is unlocked and a deeper understanding of the storyline and characters.

Australia’s oldest book store was founded in 1844 by Samuel Tegg, after the business was a publisher, stationary supplier and education supply store in Tasmania. Huxtible, Duthie and Blake took over from Samuel followed by J Walch and Sons in 1863.

In 1867 Andrew Birchall became a manager and a business partner. In 1893 the business dropped the Walch Bros and just became Birchalls.

The owner of the store, J.A Birchall invented the first notepad in 1902.

His idea was rejected at first but soon took off with the first notepad being bound and sold through the Birchall store.

Throughout the 19th Century the store published sheet music and sermon pamphlets. 1928 saw Stanley Tilley begin work and in 1969 Stanley bought the store. The business remained in the Tilley family until the business was closed in 2017.

The Mafeking Lamp All towns have a central point, whether it be a town clock, town hall or any other monument that the towns activities centre around. For the town of Casino, it is the lamp which is at the intersection of Walker and Barker Street. The main Beef Week show ring takes place at the lamp as well as the Christmas tree lighting and Remembrance and ANZAC Day ceremonies.

The Mafeking Lamp was erected in 1901 and stands as a monument to commemorate the men and women who were lost in the war.

Mafeking is a town in South Africa which during the Bore War Australian and British troops were successful in defending. The siege which took place in the second Bore War was a 217 day battle from the 13th of October 1899 to the 17th of May 1900.

Designed by Mr. M Jones from Lismore the monument stands fifteen feet high with the core made out of muntz, the lamp is finished with marble which proudly supports the glass lamp at its peak. Inscribed on one side of the lamp is the names of the Richmond River Troops who bravely lost their lives in the Bore War. Today the lamp is the epicentre of Casino and brings Casino people together many times throughout the year. Some for more joyous reasons but none the less reminding Casino of the solid grounding and community spirit that is shared together. Like the lamp itself which lights the soul of Casino, The Mafeking Lamp encourages each individual to celebrate and commemorate a towns achievements and guides a light on into a brighter future.

Muntz metal is a form of alpha-beta brass with about 60% copper, 40% zinc and a trace of iron. It is named after George Fredrick Muntz, a metal-roller of Birmingham, England, who commercialised the alloy following his patent of 1832.

Our sales roles require strong organisation and determination to achieve by identifying opportunities in a number of new markets in order to increase sales.

If you think you have strong personal sales abilities, are driven to achieve sales targets; have experience in building new business relationships and managing customers; are analytical and have strong reporting abilities; have broad knowledge of the advertising industry; ability to frequently travel domestically and work flexible working hours; and above all have drive, ambition and the tenacity to succeed, then this role will be hugely rewarding for you.

To be considered for this role you will need to be able to demonstrate a proven track record in sales management in excess of 5 years and be highly commercial with sound strategic sales skills. We are looking for a motivated, inspiring individual to complement the company’s sales growth direction.

If this sounds like you, please email

vacancies@heartlandmedia.com.au

attaching your CV and including a cover letter telling us why you believe you are the one we want for this role.

We have a number of sales areas available which you would take ownership of.

NSW Northern Rivers and Gold Coast NSW Coast Taree to Coffs Harbour NSW South Coast Illawarra to Batemans Bay Newcastle and Hunter Valley Country NSW - Dubbo, Orange, Parkes, Bathurst ACT, Wagga Wagga and Albury Bendigo and Country Victoria South and South West Queensland We appreciate your applications and only those candidates selected for interview will be contacted.

Graphic Designer - Northern Rivers We are looking for highly skilled, PART-TIME graphic designers to join our team.

Suppying: • Fabric & Curtains • Upholstery • Dress • Craft Made to Measure: • Curtains • Blinds - Roller - Vertical - Venetian, etc

Fittings for: • Curtains • Haberdashery • Craft Ready Made Curtains & Crefty Gift ideas available

Key responsibilities: Create new artwork with a high level of skill Working collaboratively in a fast-paced creative department on all design projects including (but not limited to) brochures, EDM templates, advertising and promotional material across both print and digital platforms.

Multitasking across numerous projects, managing multiple projects with tight deadlines Skills and experience: • 5years+ graphic design • Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign) • Must be able to demonstrate high quality artwork from existing branding and assets • Confident pre-press skills; ie. crop, bleed, file compression, and colour profiles If this sounds like you, please email

vacancies@heartlandmedia.com.au

Heartland Magazine | 11

THE MUDGEE HONEY HAVEN

260 kilometers north-west of Sydney is the beautiful town of Mudgee, which is home to approximately 10,000 residents. Another resident of Mudgee is The Mudgee Honey Haven which is one of the area’s premier tourist attractions with a range of experiences for the whole family. The Honey Factory and Gift shop is a close 3-hour drive from north-west Sydney and welcomes bus tour groups, tourists and locals alike.

Honey Haven’s Meads which is a honey spiced liquor as well as testing the factories own skin care range which uses the power of pollen and honey combined. These skin care products help with many ailments including, psoriasis, eczema, dry skin and itches. Many customers have had great success using the products with great feedback and returning to purchase more of these great products.

It was when the Maiolo family wanted a tree change and took over the Honey Haven 20 years ago that set the small shop, rise to new strengths.

As the family business grew, the sons of the Maiolo family stepped into the same field of work which saw Mudgee Honey Haven export their honey to China, Dubai and Japan to name a few.

Mudgee Honey Haven has all Mudgee Honey available for purchase as well a wide variety of jams and olive oils which can be tasted prior to purchase. Visitors can enjoy the on-site café which serves their own honey ice cream which is made at the Honey Haven. The newly renovated putt putt course is a great way to entertain the kids, after viewing the display hive which allows guests to see the bees in action while learning new things along the way.

Upon arrival at the Mudgee Honey Haven, guests are welcomed by the friendly team who can provide information on the local area as well as answering any questions about the honey and the bees of the factory.

With hives and their own and apiarists that assist with their supplies, there is a wide range of honey for guests to taste and enjoy. Visitors can also taste Mudgee

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The sweet success of Mudgee Honey Haven is celebrated and enjoyed by locals who are always welcoming new visitors and travelers to their beautiful area.

HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Soul Rewards

The start of a new year is a great opportunity to make some changes to our lifestyle. Every day we make choices about the food we eat, how much exercise we engage in, what time we go to bed and get up, and how we manage our reactions to stressful moments in our day.

How do I join soul +rewards?

It’s FREE! Simply visit your local Soul Pattinson Chemist and sign-up in store. Your soul +rewards card is active on the spot, so you can start enjoying the benefits of your membership right away.

How does it work?

As a soul +rewards member, you’ll receive 1 point for every $1 you spend*. When you reach 200 points, you’ll receive a $10 discount off your next purchase.

How do I redeem my points?

When you reach 200 points, you’ll receive a $10 discount off your next purchase. Your local Soul Pattinson Chemist staff member will process this for you at the time of your purchase. No physical vouchers are required – the points will just be deducted from your membership.

How do I check my points balance?

Keep an eye on your points balance and keep your membership details up to date by logging in via the Member Login button above or visiting rewards.soulpattinson.com.au. *Excluding any amounts payable for prescriptions, scheduled medicines or products we deem and advertise as being excluded and products where the grant of points would otherwise be prohibited by law.

All of these choices will influence our health, so let’s get into the habit of making better choices! If you are wanting to make your health a priority this year, speak to our instore naturopath on Monday to Friday. We also stock a range of herbal and nutritional products to help your body detox and to support your better health choices.

Asthma Management Using your asthma inhaler properly is important to help the medication to work, and can also reduce the risk of side effects.

Our pharmacy assistants can check your inhaler technique and provide hands-on device training, even if you have used your inhaler for many years.

Improving inhaler technique can: • Lower the risk of medication side effects • Lead to fewer asthma symptoms • Lead to improved quality of life • Reduce wastage of medication doses resulting in lower medication costs Our pharmacists can also check that you have a plan in case of an emergency, and advise you on whether you could benefit from a spacer device.

We have fully qualified nursing staff at Scrivener and Webb 4 days a week. Angela and Trish. If you have any medical questions come in and see our friendly staff as they would be more than happy to help you. They are specialised in many areas of the pharmacy including but not limited to: • Wound care • Compression stockings • Blood pressure • Blood glucose • Cholesterol • Diabetes Trish Doohan is a Registered Nurse as well as a midwife. She is at Scrivener and Webb Mondays and Thursdays 10-1pm and Saturday 9-12. She is available to answer any questions regarding baby issues plus weighing babies.

We are also a registered NDIS Provider.

Advertorial

Heartland Magazine | 13

BACK TO SCHOOL The excitement and nerves of the first day of school can be all sorts of emotions for kids, parents and teachers alike. The first day of Kindergarten is a milestone with many parents struggling with letting their little ones go at the front gate. The worry of if they will make friends and be ok in the new situation and secretly praying that their children behave and don’t do anything un-toward. This first year of school is a roller coaster of emotion, watching as their child develops and gains more independence then they previously may have had.

The birthday parties and sleep overs with their new friends also open up new friendships with other parents who are going through this same turning point in their child’s future.

life.

There are always things in life that one can not prepare for but some tips and tricks to help parents and their children through the transition of the first day of Kindergarten.

It is important to be clear and talk with the child about what to expect from the new environment they will soon become a part of. What types of activities they may do and how an average day at school looks like. As humans we are only scared of the things that we are unsure of or don’t have enough information on. Its also good to think about the sorts of emotions that you felt yourself on your first day of kindergarten or even a new job which will help navigate what the child may be feeling which will give the parent a better idea of how to cope or talk through that particular emotion.

Routine is especially important as the child will know what to expect which can avoid unnecessary chaos or anxiety. Starting to set into place this routine in the holidays before school begins will allow the child to settle accept the new routine. Being positive about the new stage of this life can include trying on the uniform and preparing what types of equipment the child needs throughout the holidays as to enjoy the process rather then having it be a last-minute rush.

Children feed of the emotions and anxiety of their elders.

It is important to be as positive as possible but also have an honest conversation with the child. Being positive doesn’t include sugar coating the situation to a point of setting up a child to be disappointed. Establishing how the goodbye and pick up times and sequence will be ahead of time, will have a more successful outcome if there is no plane and playing it by ear.

The first day of school should be a positive time for all kids and young adults. It is important to check in with themselves and how they are feeling and projecting onto their children. School is a huge part of a child’s life and future and having a strong foundation will encourage the children to go further with their education and into a successful

14 | Heartland Magazine

A necessary tool for school and education is the humble pencil. On the 30th of March in 1858 inventor Hymen L. Lipman patented the first pencil with an in built eraser. He then sold it for $100,000. The iconic yellow pencils are this colour because of the graphite which is inside. The best graphite in the 1800’s was produced in China as the western manufacturers found a way to remind the public that their yellow pencils were the best. By having the pencils encased with the bright yellow colour, it symbolises China’s Emperors royal colour and draws attention to the quality graphite within.

Curiously there is no lead actually in a lead pencil. The core is made from graphite and clay which has been fired in a kiln at 800 degrees Celsius. A single lead pencil can hold enough graphite to write 45,000 words. It is possible to also draw a line 35miles long. Cosmonauts relied on pencils instead of pens when they were in orbit. The pencil has endless benefits as it can write under water and upside down as well as in space.

Without the invention development of the graphite pencil the eraser and sharpener would not exist. In the 1940’s the first water colour pencil was invented, and artists enjoyed the medium and how they could manipulate the tone and of the individual coloured pencil.

With the invention of typewriters and computers as well as pens, pencils still have a place in today’s modern world.

ULLADULLA HARBOURS HISTORY Shipbuilding commenced back in late 1830s on the foreshores of the Boat Harbour at Ulladulla. The shipwrights David Warden and Robert Gee also owned land on the foreshores of Ulladulla Harbour and were later join by David’s younger brother James Warden. The building of many brigantines and schooners continued for two decades at Ulladulla, using local cedar and timbers from the surrounding woods. The timber transported to the harbour by bullock dray was also shipped to Sydney for trade. Shipbuilding was an activity seen at most ports and coastal rivers along the New South Wales coastline.

cargo service from 1852, with the establishment of the Illawarra & South Coast Steam Navigation Company (ISCSNC). This shipping company, which serviced most ports on the South Coast, built a store on the harbour foreshores for the receiving of produce for shipment to and from Sydney. The millard family arrived in Ulladulla in the 1850s and many members worked for the ISCSNC until its closure in the 1950s.

When the harbour was surveyed in 1868, it was recommended for the installation of a lighthouse so the port could be used at night. The lighthouse was erected at the end of the stone pier in 1873 and was relocated to Warden’s Head in 1889. Today the lighthouse serves the large commercial fishing fleet of Ulladulla and recreational boating.

Ulladulla harbour has always been the home for commercial fishermen. Aboriginals were featured fishing at Ulladulla harbour in a sketch drawn in 1828. Many early pioneers of the area listed their occupation as fishermen in the late 1880s.

Shipbuilding returned to the foreshores of Ulladulla Harbour prior to World War II and continued for many years. The launching of these boats was always a festive day attended by many members of the public.

Shipping of produce was the main use of the harbour, the shipping of cedar commenced soon after the arrival of Rev Thomas Kendall in 1828. The harbour was open to the elements of the sea with stores being unloaded onto the beach by means of a waiting boat. Timbers were floated out to the steamers from the beach. Maize, wheat, bark, potatoes, cheese, butter, pigs and other produce from local farms soon became cargo for vessels sailing to Sydney for trade. The arrival of a vessel was even sometimes announced with the discharge of a gun.

In 1859 the harbour was improved by the construction of a wooden jetty, built in order to retain the services of the ISCSNC. The company had informed the farmers that would not call again at Ulladulla unless better mooring facilities were provided. This wooden jetty served shipping at Ulladulla for approximately seven years and was replaced with a stone pier built by the government costing £11,000. The pier was built on the line of the natural reef and made full advantage of the deep harbour.

Trawler operators including members of the Greco, Puglisi, Salafia, Canon, Costa, Lavalle and Dunn families formed the Ulladulla Fisherman Co-operative in March 1956. The Italian fishermen and their families staged the first Blessing of the Fleet in Ulladulla in 1956. A crowd of 2500 people watched the actual blessing of vessels and joined in the Italian community’s Family Picnic Day.

Farmers and residents were provided with a regular passenger and

Grief is a matter of the heart and soul.

Grieve your loss, allow it in, and spend time with it.

Suffering is the optional part.

Grief, like a tree, has tears for its fruit.

-

Philemon

The team at Parkview Funerals express our warmest thoughts to those grieving the loss of their loved one this Christmas, and once again acknowledge all of our 2019 clients on a tree of remembrance displayed in our foyer.

Merry Christmas.

Heartland Magazine | 15

Dockrills of Clovass Casino NSW has a rich history and was built upon the shoulders of the oldest pioneering families to the area. The Dockrills are one such family, originating from Wexford, Ireland.

Benjamin Dockrill was born in 1835 in the county of Wexford, to Sarah Oakes and Benjamin Dockrill. Although his parents were farmers Benjamin saw no future in the trade at that time in Ireland so following the Wexford tradition, he became a cabinet maker. At the age of 25 and like so many others at that time, Benjamin Dockrill Benjamin searched for a better future and arrived by ship at Morten Bay. It is unclear what his time was like when first arriving in Australia, however a short time later Benjamin finds himself droving horses from Beaudesert to Richmond.

Another farming family from Wexford were also destined for Australia. John Barber and his wife Elizabeth Swaine had children with Margaret being born in 1836. 21 years later Margaret and her family arrived in Australia on her 21st Margaret Dockrill birthday. Records were lost of the family for some time but re surface when Margaret became a Governess at the Barns Family Dyraaba Station.

Although both Benjamin and Margaret did not cross paths back in Wexford, their fates were to align with Margaret saying yes to Benjamin’s wedding proposal. On June 13th, 1867, the couple were married and were the first Casino couple to be married in the Church of England parish of Casino. They were the 6th in the whole of the Richmond due to this being when records where kept and marriages being documented.

Margaret was accompanied by Caroline Askew up the isle toward Rev. Herd-Shaw who performed the ceremony and made their bond official.

Casino at this time had a small population of about 150 people and only a few buildings including a post office, a school, 2 stores, a court of petty sessions, a lock up and 2 hotels. The hotels were the Tattersall’s and Durham Ox. The newly-weds had planned to start a cabinet making business but instead worked a short time at Runnymede Station before going to South Casino or Roseneath, as it was known back then. Benjamin and Margaret made a home for themselves and raised 6 of their 7 children without the aid of a Doctor at the births. Unfortunately, the couple had to over-come the loss of one of their children and farm life was 16 | Heartland Magazine

challenging because of the virgin soil.

Before the youngest child was born, the family moved to the Clovass property. In 1878 they acquired part of the Tomki Station and named it Clovass after a river back in Ireland.

The couple were doing their best but struggling to keep up on the payments of the property. In 1885 Benjamin went to Sydney to have a medical treatment and never returned to Clovass. Margaret was left in heavy debt after Benjamin’s death. Margaret and her children were determined to carry on and at the age of 16 William took over the responsibility of breadwinner.

The family continued on and prospered and grew as the children grew into adults, getting married and having children.

Margaret was then known as Grandmother Dockrill and enjoyed the comfort of being able to watch her family advance into the next cycle of the Clovass property. The pioneering spirit from both Benjamin and Margaret had been passed onto the next generation and continues to be a strong theme of the Dockrill linage.

Grandmother Dockrill passed in May 1922 at the age of 86 years. The marriage of Benjamin and Margaret 100 years on from their anniversary left an impressive line of descendants which stood at 172 direct descendants, namely: 7 children, 31 grandchildren, 86 great grandchildren and 48 great, great grandchildren.

From humble beginnings in Wexford Ireland to the hardships of moving to Australia and starting a life from scratch.

Benjamin and Margaret were truly great pioneers and began a history which continues into the future.

ELEVEN THINGS YOUR CHILD NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO DO BEFORE STARTING SCHOOL You will hear many mixed messages about what children need to be able to do before starting formal schooling. The truth is that all children learn at different paces and in different ways.

First things first, there are a couple of things parents need to consider: Age appropriateness: In New South Wales, children need to turn 5

by April (private schools) or July (public schools). Children can start school as early as 4 years or in their sixth year. Teachers are trained to teach children at the age level in which they enter school.

Be brave enough to say goodbye: Saying goodbye on the first day of school is hard for both children and parents. However, separating positively is an important skill to learn so that your son gets the most out of his schooling. Children are extremely intuitive and pick up when a parent is feeling anxious, worried or apprehensive. Sometimes ‘short and sweet’ is the best way to say goodbye.

To determine if your child is ready to start schooling, here are our top fundamentals for a confident start to school. Read on for 11 things your child needs to do before starting kindergarten.

1.

Use the toilet independently: Children need to be fully toilet trained to start formal schooling. This includes flushing the toilet and washing their hands properly. Good hygiene practices can be seen in children as young as two and are extremely important life skills to learn.

2.

Be able to dress and feed themselves: To start school, children need to be confident in being able to dress and feed themselves. This includes putting on their own socks and shoes, as well as looking after their belongings such as hats, water bottles and lunch boxes.

3.

Identify numbers and how they are used: Many children can count to 30 by their first year of school. As a parent, you can help them understand how numbers are used in everyday situations, like following a recipe or keeping score in a game.

4.

Identify and match letters with sounds: By the time they start school, most children know some letters and should be able to

identify words that rhyme. This is an indicator of – a key aspect of learning to read.

5.

Know how to recognise their own name: Being able to recognise and write their own name is a valuable skill that will help your child recognise their labelled belongings and begin to explore reading.

6.

Wonder: The ability to wonder is incredibly important for young children. We want to teach them how to think, not what to think. That way, when they are older and faced with a problem they will have the skills to problem solve and find a solution of their own.

7.

Identify basic patterns, shapes and colours: These foundational skills will help your child develop essential mathematical skills and knowledge.

8.

Fine motor skills: While your child doesn’t need to be able to write before they come to school, they do need to have the fine motor strength to hold a pencil. Fine motor strength can be developed through moulding clay and Play-Doh, painting, drawing and threading.

9.

Gross motor skills: Once children start formal schooling they will need to sit for extended periods of time on the floor or at a desk. Being able to control their bodies is important for them to pay attention and engage with a lesson. Core strength is extremely important for this. Outside play is an easy way to develop these skills.

10.

Basic social skills: The ability to talk and listen are two skills children will need to engage effectively during lessons at school.

They will need to listen to instructions from teachers, listen to their peers and have the confidence to speak up, share ideas and answer questions.

11.

Follow instructions and work independently: Before starting school children need to be able to listen to and follow instructions, as well as have the ability to work on a task independently for a short period of time.

Heartland Magazine | 17

James (Philosopher) Smith annual pension.

James Smith returned to farming and grew his farming land by 1500 acres. On the 16th September 1874 he married a widow by the name of Mary Jane Love. 1886 saw James elected for Legislative Council for Mersey and resigned in 1888.

The explorer and farmer died on the 15th of June in 1897 from heart disease. His wife and 6 children lived on and buried James (Philosopher) Smith at Congregational cemetery at Forth.

James (Philosopher) Smith Born in July 1827, near George Town, Van Diemen’s Land, James ‘Philosopher’ Smith would go on to be one of Australia’s most iconic and highly celebrated men throughout Australian history. He was the 2nd of 3 children and became under the care of John Guillan, after his father was shot when he was 5years old and his mother remarried.

John Guillan was a ship owner and a flour miller, as he guarded James, he also taught him skills to manage the flour mill for a short time. In 1853 James went to work in the Victorian Goldfields. With his return to Tasmania, James took up 2.6km squared of forest between the Fourth and Leven Rivers. James was a bushman and an amateur explorer and would easily become engrossed with an expedition through his explorative eagerness. His expedition to Fourth River was a success with his discovery of gold.

In 1871 James organised for provisions to be stored at Black Bluff Highlands. Soon after he travelled West and crossed Arthur River to reach Mount Cleveland. Here he found traces of Gold at the bottom of a deep gorge. On December 4th he found tine ore and tin oxide at Mount Bishoff. Following this he smelted the ore sample at Table Cape on the North Coast. Although he obtained two crown leases of 80 acres on the richest of the tin or deposits, having them surveyed, he was unable to interest anyone with his revelation.

With no help from Victoria, James Smith sold a farm and gained the capital needed from a bank overdraft to start mining the tin oxide. It was then bagged and taken by road to the coast where it was shipped from Penguin and Leith to Melbourne and onward to England.

In Launceston, with the returns of the first shipment, a company was formed which had 60,000 pounds in capital and 12,000 in 5pound shares. The company took over the mine in 1873 and was the worlds richest tin mine. James was paid 1,500 pounds in cash, 4400 of paid up shares and a permanent directorship which allowed him to nominate another director.

In 1878, the first dividend was paid by the company although James had already given away a lot of his shares or sold them at minimal prices. In the same year he received a public testimonial of 250 sovereigns, a silver slaver as well as a parliament voted 200pound 18 | Heartland Magazine

James ‘Philospher’ Smith, wife Mary Jane, children Annie and Leslie, c1880

St Valentine

A day which has meant so much to so many in love, Valentines Day is a day set aside to celebrate love and hope into stronger and more meaningful connections with another human being.

As the story goes a Catholic priest, St Valentine lived in the 3rd century in Rome under the ruling Emperor at the time Claudius the II. It is believed that the priest was called upon to give up his Christianity and that he may have been secretly marrying Christian couples in a time when Rome was of pagan beliefs.

His demise came when he was beheaded on the 14th of February in the year of 270. Legend has it that before his death the Priest cured the jailors daughter’s blindness and wrote her a love message signed from your valentine.

Cupid Cupid is a symbol of love and often is about around Valentines Day, shooting his arrow of love at unsuspecting couples. In classical mythology, Cupid is thought to be the son of the love goddess Venus and the war god Mars. Cupid is also known as Amor which is love in Latin and his Greek counterpart is Eros.

The image had changed throughout history with Eros being portrayed originally as a petit figure through sculptures and art.

The Hellenistic period he acquired a bow and arrow, giving the character a source of power, which has been used in a lot of myths to start a plot and storyline in motion. His image pops up in Roman and Western art, again often playing a role which starts mischief or a grand story line of love. Throughout the middle ages and under Christian influence Cupid was portrayed as having to fight nature as Heavenly and Earthly love.

In todays popular culture Cupid is often portrayed as a cute cartoon like character who is often cheeky and a symbol of jolly love.

Usually disappearing into thin air or a cloud from above Cupid is still very much associated with love and Valentine’s Day.

His remains remain somewhat of a mystery with what is thought to be his skull being displayed in the North of Rome, however Dublin claims to have a casket with the holy relics of St Valentine.

In the year of 496 on 14th of February, St Valentines Feast Day was celebrated in the aim to eradicate pagan practices. In the middle ages, poets such as Geoffrey Chaucer spurred on the idea of St Valentine being associated with the love aspect of what we know today as Valentines Day. In todays modern world with love being hard to find and even harder to keep, Valentines Day has exploded into a frenzy of roses, chocolates, dinner dates and cards. Originally cards were hand made and decorated with ribbon or trinkets. The association of St Valentine and a single red rose has survived and been passed down through the ages. Although prayers are still offered to St Valentine, the 14th of February has become a day about love rather then a religious day commemorating the beheading of St Valentine.

Love at its core is an emotion which takes us on a journey. A tradition grew of sending a card or rose anonymously which would give the receiver a spark of magic with either being surprised by a lover or genuinely having to try and work out who the secret admirer was.

Although St Valentine is a recognised Catholic saint, he was removed from the General Roman Calendar in 1969 due to unreliable information on the Saint. Regardless Valentines Day is enjoyed and shared among young lovers and a day for married couples to appreciate their bond and to stop and smell the roses.

Did you know Valentine’s Day is always observed on February 14. Esther Howland of Worcester, Mass., published the first American valentine in 1849.

Hallmark first offered Valentine’s Day cards in 1913 and began producing them in 1916.

Heartland Magazine | 19

THE EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF SWIMWEAR With the heat of Summer among us, the yearly pilgrimage to the beaches to cool and be with family and friends is at its heights around the December Christmas break and January school holidays.

Although the beach culture has always been a huge part of Australian summers, the swimwear in which we participate in these beach activities have changed a lot throughout the decades.

The 1920’s saw the fashion of tanning and although many people including clergymen and shire councillors were against it, backless swimwear came into vogue which was one step closer to the bikini we know of today. Women were becoming more confident and wanting to show their figures off more with tighter swimwear. Using nylon,

Traditionally ladies were not permitted to participate in mixed sex bathing, and it wasn’t until 1903 when the practice became legal.

Women would wear a tunic and knickerbockers which was made out of a heavy wool. Gradually these became a little smaller, revealing more of the woman’s body.

By 1912, women were allowed to compete in the Olympic Games which in that year was held in Stockholm. Fanny Durack represented Australia and won the gold medal in the 100meters freestyle despite her woollen neck to knee swimsuit.

latex and elastic cotton swimwear was more form fitting and practical to enjoy swimming in.

During WW2 people were experimenting with fashion a lot more and Australia saw the first version of a two-piece swimsuit. Although very modest todays standards, women were wearing a midriff style of costume. The bottom part was style very covering as the pants were more like a skirt or larger covering shorts. With rationing coming to an end in the 1950’s the swimming cap floated onto the beach style fashion. Rubber was utilized to make the make the caps which protected a ladies hair but also became another way to fashionably express a new era in ladies swimwear.

Finally, the 1960’s brought the first small bikinis onto Australian shores with a rebellious new generation of women. Women’s fashion was no longer a dictated set of moral obligations but more of what a woman wanted to wear and appreciate her body.

The bikinis were shocking for many of the time but somehow grew to have a comfortable respect. Beaches had inspectors who monitored what the women were wearing and could through them off the beach

20 | Heartland Magazine

THE EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF SWIMWEAR if they felt a bikini was too revealing. A fine was given to Joan Barry of $51.60 for offensive behaviour in 1961 at Bondi Beach. Her bikini was deemed to small and she was ordered to leave the beach.

The force of women’s equality and freedoms was an unstoppable movement with many women choosing to pair bikini tops with bell bottom jeans further challenging these ideals throughout the 1970’s.

With the work force being made up of one third females, women felt more comfortable to have voice, spend their own money, and wear what they felt was right for them.

The g string bikini revolution arrived in the 1980’s with women opting to not only show of their bodies but draw attention to them.

Fluro colours were a popular choice and high leg lines on bikini bottoms accentuated a ladies lower body asset.

These sorts of freedoms were continued through into the 1990’s with previous fashions being re invented with use of bold colours and patterns. The shock value of a bikini had simmered down and it was more then expected that women could wear a small bikini in public at any beach or swimming pool.

The 2000’s until now has seen a lot of the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s swimwear fashion return and be celebrated in a whole new light.

One-piece swimwear has made a major come back with a classic low back and high leg line.

in this day and age so the pressures to have it all together at the beach are significantly higher then those of the 1920’s.

Ironically our Olympic female swimmers have gone back to a style of swimwear which promotes speed and efficiency in the water, this being a long legged suite which resembles the traditional swimsuits rather then the bikinis of the beach.

Although swimwear has evolved over the many decades of women even being allowed to even go to a beach, the same fun and beach culture continues. Both men and women have had a journey through beach ware fashion, and it is a uniquely different experience for each of the sexes. It is hard to imagine what the next generations will be wearing on their holiday beach outings.

The modern bikini was named after a nuclear bomb test.

Few people today would ever draw a parallel between the bikini and a hydrogen bomb, but that’s exactly what French car engineer Louis Réard did when he named the scandalous two-piece swimsuit. In May 1946, at the time of the modern bikini’s creation, the United States was testing hydrogen bombs in Bikini Atoll, and in these tests Réard found inspiration for the name of his bombshell new clothing item. The engineer-slash-designer thought that his new design was just as shocking as the nuclear tests—and at the time, his assumptions were accurate.

Although Australians are now more sun conscious and sun smart, it is still popular to tan and to also have a perfect bikini body to go with it. Gym and exercise among Australian women is very popular

Heartland Magazine | 21

OLD TIME DANCES

Country dances have been a weekend pass time for many since the settlers arriving from overseas. Country dances punctuated the years social calendar and although it was a fun way for the community to get together, it was also a way for business transactions to be set in motion and for new romances to blossom. The dances were often a who’s who of society and often secured or severed bonds.

Due to colonisation a lot of the traditional dances were brought from England. It was difficult for Australia to keep up with the latest trends and fashions while having to wait from news from England when new people arrived in Australia on the ships. In the cities, it was the higher class of people who attended these dances which was similar to how things had been back in England. Country dances popped up all over the country in smaller communities, having a much less formal and rustic feel.

After the battle of Waterloo, a new waltz was introduced in Sydney. This was around 1815. It wasn’t until 1820 when The Quadrille found its way to Australian shores after originating in France and being established in England. The speed at which dances where coming to Australia increased with the Polka being documented on a Goulburn dance program the same year it had been developed in England.

The Australian Gold Rush saw immigration skyrocket with many more ethnicities come to Australian shores. With the arrival of different European countries, North Americans and Chinese, new dances found their way into Australian society. By the 1840’s dances such as the Vesuvian, Schottische and Polka Mazurka were popular among Australian balls. These had traces from national dances rather than from folk elements from the new immigrant arrivals.

From 1850 to 1910, balls were an important part of the social fabric and status was often established around such events. To be invited was of great importance and was an acceptable event for men and women to interact. There were unsaid rules of which needed to be followed and etiquette and dignity was observed at the highest of levels. These balls were structured events with a master of ceremonies announcing each dance which everyone attending would already know.

Modern ballroom evolved around 1910 with new favourites becoming popular replacing the older classics. One step, fox trot, quick step and slow waltz were the dances of the time. Quadrilles and set dances became a thing of the past with only very few small country communities 22 | Heartland Magazine

maintaining the fashion for another few years. Through the change in music throughout the generations, the original old classic dances have been changed and mis interpreted therefore having lost some of the traditional elements. Changes can be seen in Australia’s version of Pride of Erin, Maxina, Boston 2 step and Evening 3 step. The invention of the Gypsy tap and Swing waltz emerged around this time paving the way for the American popular culture influence to hit.

After WW2 rock and roll as well as square dancing soon became a part of Australia’s social dance scene. The 1960’s saw a revival of folk music and dance which led to an uprising of bush dance in the 70’s and 80’s. People were trying to get back to their colonial roots with reviving and celebrating the old-time dances. Music and culture from the olden dances were bringing people together and were being documented although with slightly different interpretations. Balls and dances were once again a Saturday night pass time with many travelling to different areas in order to attend the events. This was meant a lager social movement within the communities and allowed people from all areas mingle and formulate a larger community.

Although todays younger generation has a different taste in music and social etiquette, the older generation are still kicking up their heels and are engaging in this pass time of old-time dancing. These dances not only gave people an appreciation for music and dance but a civilised and respectful manner in how to treat one another. With so many stories and memories of the old hall dances being passed down through the generations, it is clear to see that those Saturday Nights were a magical time for so many. A place where friends were made, and love blossomed.

As was usual during supper, the caretaker of the hall, would sweep the hall (usually with the assistance of a volunteers), and lay a sprinkling of fresh “Pops” (a little like sawdust) to ensure the dance floor surface was as fast as possible. A favourite with the locals was the local dance, attracting dancers young and old from all parts of the district. With so many in attendance, supper was provided in the old hall, by the locals.

TAMWORTH HISTORY EARLY TAMWORTH POSTAL SERVICES I’m old enough to remember when bicycle-riding “posties” blew their whistle when delivering mail. However, I’m not able to remember when the postman rode a horse on his rounds. This was the case when Tamworth employed its first “letter-carrier” 58-y-o James Johnston back in 1870. Originally, he tried to cover his wide delivery area on foot, but eventually was granted two shillings per day forage allowance for two horses, and later acquired an assistant. Things have changed, because back then there were TWO mail deliveries per day! Dressed in a bright red coat, this was a far cry from today’s fluoro army of “iron-horse” posties. James was a “jack-of-all-trades” before taking up letter deliveries, having been a carpenter, lock-up keeper in Tamworth’s first gaol, chief constable, shoe repairer and an auctioneer.

The first mail brought into Tamworth from outside was by the Australian Agricultural Company horseback couriers, bringing letters from their Port Stephens headquarters to their Peel’s River settlement in the mid 1830’s. Covering long distances was a slow process, instanced in the first mail carried in relay from Brisbane to Sydney taking 39 days, so don’t describe today’s service as “snail-mail” !

Bushranger interception in those days was also a problem.

Our first public “letter-receiver” (letterbox) was located in 1870 outside the Woolpack Inn in Bridge Street (then named Peel Street), which 30 years later became the original West Tamworth Post Office, where KFC is now located. Others followed at the corners of PeelJewry (1873), East/Marius (1876), Bridge/Belmore (1879) and Peel/ Darling (1884).

Thomas Byrnes was our first Postmaster for only 5 months in 1840, selling his store/hotel/post office business, opposite today’s Maguires Hotel, to Phillip Scholfield, then onsold to Carden Williams. Williams

followed in 1861 by Abraham Cohen, both operating out of the Cohen & Levy store. The following year George Denshire became our first full-time Postmaster, originally located where the Target store is today, before presiding over our first stand-alone Post Office & Telegraph building in Fitzroy Street on part of the block where today’s Tamworth Post Office was later opened (1886), minus its clock for the first 5 weeks. With Tamworth in 1865 only processing 736 letters per week, compared to Armidale’s 1788, James Johnston had to wait another 5 years to make our first home mail deliveries.

In 1876 letters cost one penny to post, and 50 years later only one and a half pennies, a 50% rise. By comparison, in 1976 a letter cost 7c to post and 43 years later in 2019 cost $1 - a rise of over 1300 %! Maybe

Tamworth’s first stand-alone Post Office, the 1865 Post & Telegraph Office in Fitzroy Street, occupying the same block as today’s Tamworth Post Office.

the motor-bike fuel of today’s posties is costing a lot more than the feed for James Johnston’s horses!

GOING TO THE MOVIES The last movie I can remember seeing was probably “Gone with the Wind” - good movie that! But I don’t go back to the silent movies in Tamworth, which were all the rage over a century ago.

Travelling shows brought the first of these into the town, the “silents” being part of their entertainment package. These took place in the Oddfellows Hall in Fitzroy Street, where the Police Station is now located, and later from 1904 in the Allambra Hall in Marius Street, site of the present Services Club.

The first local silent movie entrepreneur was Lawrence Penn,

Henry Charles Ison’s open-air theatre, established in 1909 in Brisbane Street.

“Jack-of-all-Trades” James Johnston, who became Tamworth’s first postman on May 1, 1870.

went broke, owing money to David Cohen who then, with Lewis Levy, took over the business in 1846 as the first of three Cohen & Levy store sites. Williams managed to hold his Postmaster licence, setting up a primitive “blanket-tent” post-office in Ebsworth Street.

Later Louis Levy (brother of Lewis) became Tamworth Postmaster, 24 | Heartland Magazine

who in 1908 was screening Magic Lantern movie shows where the Fitzroy Cafe is now located. The site had a concrete floor, doubling as a roller-skating venue. Within two years Penn had established an open-air theatre, named “Penn’s Peel Pictures”, where the old Northern Daily Leader building was later constructed in 1925. Being open-air, it was only open for the warmer half of the year.

However, Penn had competition in the silent movie sphere, for a little further down Brisbane Street was a dual open-air and closed

TAMWORTH HISTORY Theatre Royal facility, established from 1909 by Henry Charles Ison on the site of the present CH Boutique Hotel. A prominent citizen, Ison was at one time Tamworth Mayor and owner of the Central Hotel. With the 2 000 seat dual theatres side-by-side, patrons could be conveniently transferred from the open-air to the closed theatre if rain threatened. The Theatre Royal (previously named Central Hall) was used for a variety of other entertainment, with Dame Nellie Melba performing there in 1909. Ison’s cinema boasted a complete change of program each evening. Both Ison’s and Penn’s theatres had equal charges - 1 shilling for gallery and 6 pence for floor level, with children half-price.

Later Penn turned his interest to launching a single-horse caravan travelling movie show on a 10 day circuit from Tamworth, including Nemingha - Dungowan - Nundle - Wallabadah Currabubula. This venture was commemorated in the 1976 movie “The Picture Show Man”.

The Tamworth silent movie era lasted about 20 years, with the first “talkies” screening at the original Capitol Theatre on September 30, 1929. Jack Kouvellis/JK Theatres had built the splendid

OUR EARLY LOCK-UPS & GAOLS The history of Tamworth gaols makes interesting reading.

Edward Mayne, the first Commissioner for Lands to be based in Tamworth, established the first lock-up in 1840, situated where the Woolworths Eastpoint supermarket is now located. He was responsible for maintaining law-and-order over a huge area to the north, overseeing a police force, and was replaced in due course by Frances Allman and later Roderick Mitchell.

The Australian Agricultural Company, which had arrived at Calala in 1834, established their own lock-up west of the river in the GippsEbsworth Street area, near where the first Courthouse was later built and not far from the Company hospital in Ebsworth Street. Notorious bushrangers Bradish and Branigan would have been held in this lock-up following their capture in June 1844. James Johnston was one of the first AA Company lock-up keepers. Mentioned in the recent TIMES article on Early Tamworth Postal Services as our first postman, James came to Australia in 1838 on the “Coromandel” as an assisted migrant. During the voyage from Ireland he served as a warder of convicts, which may well have equipped him as the lock-up keeper for the AA Company. Also mentioned previously is the fact that James became a “jack-of-all-trades”, working as a chief constable (Murrurundi) and later in Tamworth as a shoe-repairer and then an auctioneer, before filling his postman role.

In 1859 a new lock-up was built on a block of land where Billabong Clubhouse is now situated near the PCYC, the latter being the site of Tamworth’s second (1861) Courthouse. The Watch-House / Lock-up was made from timber slabs with stone foundations and contained four rooms, including two cells (12 feet by 9 feet), a keeper’s room and a bedroom.

Within a year there had been two breakouts and another narrowly averted.

The number of cells was gradually increased to five over the years. The first of five hangings in Tamworth took place in the Gaol/Courthouse vicinity on June 18, 1876, that of Somerton farmer Michael Connolly, convicted of murdering his wife.

Work commenced on the current Johnston Street Gaol (now Tamworth

The crowds assemble at Ison’s Theatre Royal/Open-Air Picture Show in Brisbane Street.

2 000 seat theatre in 2008 in anticipation of “talkies” taking over, the stage also being used for live shows. This magnificent theatre came to its demise with a controversial demolition in 1984.

Prior to this the Regent Theatre had become our movie outlet, remaining so for a number of years.

With the end of the “silents”, with their screen script and piano accompaniment, Ison’s theatres were converted to dancing, skating and mini-golf.

Should you now venture to Tamworth’s Forum 6 (only a stone’s throw from our original theatres) to see one of a plethora of new movies, think about what went before.

The foundations of the Darling Street lock-up, revealed by an archaeological survey completed in January 2000.

Correctional Centre) in 1879, and it opened its doors (so to speak!) on March 10, 1881. Within 6 months of opening the new Gaol had 47 inmates with a staff of 6, the present capacity being around 80. The Gaol was closed in 1943, being taken over by the Army as a Detention Centre, supplementing their lock-up facility at Scully Park. In 1948 the complex was reconstituted as the Institute for Boys/Tamworth, referred to unofficially as “The Boy’s Home”. Ages of the inmates ranged from 15 to 18. In 1970 a total of 65 boys passed through the Institute. The subsequent unfortunate adult history of many of the inmates must question how effective the correctional aspect of the Institution was. A general feeling was that the word” institution” was obnoxious, and in 1976 the name was changed to Endeavour House. The originally tough, spartan youth institution was closed in early 1990.

Thank you to Michael Cashman of the Tamworth Historical Society for the submitted information on the history of Tamworth ©2019

After some local community opposition, the present refurbished Tamworth Correctional Centre was opened on the same site, with 66 places being filled. The centre has filled this role through to the present day.

Heartland Magazine | 25

GNOME’S MILL It is easy to want to escape the daily struggles and dramas of life and want to go some place where magic and positivity are embraced.

John and Annelise are two souls who want only to share their gifts and spiritually positive connection with anyone and everyone. Whether it be a weary traveller who needs to refresh and recharge or a family who wants a peaceful and fun day out with their kids and relatives.

Gnome’s Mill celebrates the wonders of the world we already live in which sometimes we can miss or may not be aware of. It is a place that allows your mind to be free and to reconnect with nature and with one’s self.

Gnome’s Mill is a garden for people to come and take time out and enjoy the handmade gnome sculptures.

The beautiful surroundings transport you to a world where time is of no measure and the fairies and gnomes can be enjoyed. John has a very strong bond with Yoga and often finds himself being guided by many of the gods through visions which he tries to translate through his artwork, sculpture work and poetry.

Along with experiencing the garden and the Silver Light Fairies as well as the Spotted Gum and Iron Bark Gnomes, there is also an open air book shop, a place for a refreshing beverage as well as a temple to gather ones thoughts and learn more about the enchanting space in which John and Annelise have discovered and become guardians of.

The Gnome’s Mill is located at 826 Lilydale Jackadgery Road Lilydale and is open Saturdays, Sundays as well as Public Holidays from 9am until 5pm and does not hold an entry fee.

John has been an artist since he was 7 years old, always exploring his own creativity and the nature around him. Born in Tennant Creek and later moving, John’s upbringing was influenced through the connection he had to the Warumungu or Warrumunga indigenous people.

At the age of 16, John lost his sight and through his spirituality was able to regain his sight and appreciate this gift on a deeper level. John has always felt as though he has been called upon a journey and is able to take stock of the messages and signals the universe has shown him.

This has allowed him to continue and share his purpose in the physical world. This journey developed through his younger years which lead him on a very special path which eventually led him to Lilydale. John and Annelise created Gnome’s Mill to bring happiness and a positive energy to others.

It is a place to step away from the phones and technology of today’s world to truly enjoy and embrace an experience like no other.

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8 things you need to know about garden gnomes 1.

Garden gnomes bring good luck! Gnomes were regarded as good luck charms by our ancestors and would often be found living in the rafters of barns where they would help watch over livestock.

Gnomes are banned from the Royal Horticultural Society Chelsea Flower Show. We think that’s a crying shame, personally.

There are three categories of mass-produced gnomes: Worker gnomes, who always carry tools like fishing rods, shovels, or hammers; at-ease gnomes who typically carry a pipe (like the chap above) and cultural gnomes who have a musical instrument in hand. Rock stars.

Gnomes have a life expectancy of 400 years. Ok. Their main enemies? Mean humans who destroy the environment and trolls - obviously.

Male gnomes always wear red caps.

The world’s oldest garden gnome, called Lampy, has been living at Lamport Hall in the UK for 125 years and is worth a cool £2 million, or €2.4m!

In the 1980s, the Gnome Liberation Front stole gnomes and sent the owners photos of them from landmarks around the globe.

Recap - Little think about memory lane Milk used to come in glass bottles with foil caps. The caps were decorated during the holiday season. And the milk was delivered right to your door step.

The Joneses only owned a three bedroom house and one car.

They were a lot easier to keep up with then.

Children only received toys for birthdays, Christmas or other special celebrations.

Nearly everyone’s mother was home when they got home from school.

Playing with friends and being home before the street lights came on

The green grocer had a truck and would do the rounds of your neighbourhood. The fish monger did the same. Oh! and don’t forget the ice-cream van.

Meeting friends after school or on weekends, just to hang out

You got your windscreen cleaned, oil checked, and petrol served, without asking, all for free, every time you put gas in your tank.

Waiting for your father to come home from work, especially on pay day when he came home with take away, normally fish and chips

Lollies were in open containers in a glass cabinet in the store and you would tell the salesperson how much you wanted of each one and they would put them in a little paper bag.

Fish and Chips were rolled up in Newspaper and when you tore the top off the steam of the hot food would burn your hand, the contents were sweaty and soft from the steam but delicious

I remember some lollies being 4 for 1c when I was young You could return glass soft drink bottles to the store and get a refund.

There was no such thing as hand sanitizer.

Actually, remember when we weren’t constantly bombarded with commercial from chemical companies trying to sell us all sorts of products to kill germs.

They aren’t trying to save our lives they are just trying to sell more product.

Calling your parents from a phone box

Seeing how high you could swing and trying to get higher than friends Most parks (in suburbia) had an old steam roller you could climb on Playing hop scotch, knuckles or skipping with a heap of friends Making model car, plane sets and then painting them Having your first crush

Children used to ride their bikes to school and just about everywhere else as well.

Talking to your Mum about your day while she cooked dinner

No one ever asked where the car keys were because they were always in the car, in the ignition and the doors were never locked. Back then having a car was a luxury now it is a necessity and most families have more than one.

Laying on the grass and seeing animals and faces in the clouds

Kids used to play together outside from the minute they got home form school until they had to come in for dinner.

The tooth fairy, Easter Bunny and Santa made your life exciting Going to the store with a note from parents for an order Driving around with your parents with no seat belts

We wore our clothes until they were shabby, or we had grown out of them.

Spinning really fast on merry go rounds

Eating out was a luxury and frozen dinners didn’t exist.

Not being allowed to leave the dinner table unless you ate all your dinner

Christmas consisted of a decorated tree, a wreath on the door, a home cooked meal, a small stocking from Santa and a couple of gifts from parents and grandparents.

Playing records and being careful not to scratch them

Things we bought didn’t come in blister packs.

Making labels using a Dymo Burning garbage in the backyards 40 gallon drum Yo-Yo’s were the in thing, even had champions visit schools to show tricks

Heartland Magazine | 27

Broken Hill Australia’s largest and longest-lived mining towns

28 | Heartland Magazine

In the far west outback of New South Wales, Broken Hill City proudly sits and boast to be one of Australia’s largest and longest-lived mining towns. The Wiljakali Indigenous people are thought to have been the first human settlers but didn’t stay in this are a lot because of the lack of constant water supply. In 1841 the first Europeans visited the area with Surveyor General of New South Wales, Major Thomas Mitchell. 1844 saw Charles Sturt name the Barrier Range when he was exploring for an inland sea. A base camp was set up in 1860-61 when Burk and Wills passed through the area. For the pastoralists who began settling in the are in the 1850’s, the Darling River became the main trade route.

Charles Rasp founded Broken Hill in 1883 and was mistaken when he thought he had discovered tin. In-fact he had discovered silver and lead. It was exciting times as the lead and silver found came from the richest and largest orebody of its kind in the world. BHP was found in 1885 by Charles Rasp and 6 associates.

The ore reserves began to dwindle so in 1915, BHP began producing steel. By the 28th of

February in 1939, the BHP mines ceased to operate. Mines in the south and north of the Line of Lode continued through other mining operations.

Like the rich mining history Broken Hill has acquired, the city also has a large role into the formation of Labour development in Australia and a turbulent but constructive trade union action.

Although mining is still a staple of life in Broken Hill, many sheep farms have been developed since the early years.

The city of Broken Hill, although has a rich mining culture, it also has some of the oldest and most impressive heritage listed buildings. One such place is the Palace Hotel. Built in 1889 the original Broken Hill Coffee Palace was designed by Melbourne designer Alfred Dunn. Opening its doors on the 18th of December 1889, the building cost 12,190pounds to complete. By 1892 the business was broke and applied for a liquor licence and began trading as the Palace Hotel.

Today the Palace Hotel is a tourist attraction since Mario Celotto began the murals painted within with the first of many being painted on the ceiling.

Botticelli’s Venus was recreated with other artists following suite with their own creations throughout the Hotel. The Palace Hotel has been featured in many

films and remains as a corner stone for the mining city of Broken Hill.

Silverton is was established in 1880 when the area was busy with pioneering and prospecting. Originally named Umberumberka, the area had a water supply and rose into existence officially when the post office was built in 1883.

At this time Silverton had a population of 250 people which continued to grow in the following years. At its peak, the population was recorded around 3000 people. In 1886 Silverton Municipal Council was formed and as the town grew a train line was laid and opened in 1888. As well as passengers, the train carried the ore mined from Broken Hill. With the decline in mining in Silverton, the town became smaller and as a result many of the buildings were moved into Broken Hill by bullocks, donkeys and camels.

The area of Broken Hill and Silverton has a rich history and has seen many changes throughout its development.

Only a small number of people still live in Silverton, but the history and heritage of the area has attracted many tourists which has maintained the towns economy a side from mining. The unique landscape and outback location have been featured through many films and continues to inspire many artists.

Heartland Magazine | 29

MACLEAN HISTORY AN OBITUARY FOR COMMON SENSE Every generation has bemoaned the passing of “standards” that they treasured and scoffed at those of the current generation.

Today we mourn the passing of a beloved old friend, Common Sense, who has been with us for many years. No one knows for sure how old he was, since his birth records were long ago lost in bureaucratic red tape. He will be remembered as having cultivated such valuable lessons as: Knowing when to come in out of the rain; Why the early bird gets the worm; Life isn’t always fair; and maybe it was my fault.

Common Sense lived by simple, sound financial policies (don’t spend more than you can earn) and reliable strategies (adults, not children, are in charge). His health began to deteriorate rapidly when well-intentioned but overbearing regulations were set in place.

Reports of teens suspended from school for using mouthwash after lunch; and a teacher fired for reprimanding an unruly student, only worsened his condition. Common Sense lost ground when parents attacked teachers for doing the job that they themselves had failed to do in disciplining their unruly children. It declined even further when schools were required to get parental consent to administer sun lotion or an aspirin to a student; but could not inform parents when a student became pregnant.

Common Sense took a beating when you couldn’t defend yourself from a burglar in your own home and the burglar could sue you for assault. Common Sense finally gave up the will to live, after a woman failed to realize that a steaming cup of coffee was hot. She spilled a little in her lap and was promptly awarded a huge settlement.

Common Sense was preceded in death, by his parents, Truth and Trust, by his wife, Discretion, by his daughter, Responsibility, and by his son, Reason. He is survived by his 4 stepbrothers; I Know My Rights, I Want It Now, Someone Else Is to Blame and I’m A Victim.

CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS AT ANGOURIE IN THE 1940’S MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD

by Margaret Switzer (nee Cameron)

We swam daily on “Boat-shed Beach” named because this was where boats were stored in sheds on the beach side. We waited there for the men to return from their fishing trips (Dad, Uncle Alec, Dolph Englert, Roy Davis, Ray Fanning, Wes Betteridge, Jim Raymond among others). They would row their boats out to the reef before we woke. About midday, we would gather on the beach and would all help pull the boats in when they returned. We had beautiful fish after these excursions.

One of the boat sheds at Angourie. There were several, this is one of the smaller ones.

Dad would fish along the beach or at One Man Rock. We’d spend hours in the sea, digging for pipis, while Mum would do her sketching.

Uncle Alec was an amateur naturalist and taught us about marine life.

We knew our nudibranchs, found live cowries and searched in rock pools with glass- bottomed tins. Dad owned two blocks of land in Angourie, but Mum was not at all interested in living there.

TENT CITY - Broom’s Head 1896 Clarence and Richmond Examiner Tuesday 10thNovember 1896

When our parents (Duncan Angus and Edith Mary Cameron) took us, Margaret, Allan and John camping on Flea Island, Angourie, for 4-6 weeks, at Christmas time, major preparations were necessary.

All camping equipment and supplies were loaded onto a truck (Davis’s from Harwood) Mum loaded us into our Vauxhall car, with further supplies, and drove us along the unsealed old road to Angourie (I remember some huge sand holes!) Dad walked to Angourie with our Jersey milking cow, on the short cut track. We were able to supply milk to some of the other people in Apps’ cabins.

We had a huge tent, partitioned into bathroom (with 2 tin baths, buckets and soap stand) and bedroom (stretchers with wooden boxes underneath for clothes storage). The other part of the main tent was storage for a pantry cupboard, utensils, toys, etc.

A large fly tarp attached to the main tent had a big wooden table and stools, and beside this was a fireplace, with stove (with chimney and wind protection surround) built from galvanised iron. We had some beaut meals here, although we did get sick of potato fritters and tomato sauce. Our fresh water supply was in the gully beside the beach, where Dad dug a big hole in the spring to get clear water.

One year a cyclone arrived during the evening, buffeting the tent all night. We all got so wet, we had to pack up and go home.

We had great fun. We learnt to swim in the salt-water pool on the seafront (known by the Betteridge children as the “crab hole”). We swam sometimes in the Blue Pool, but the Green Pool was slimy and very dark. We walked to Shelly sometimes (quite a walk for little children) as well as to Pippi Beach 30 | Heartland Magazine

This is a black and white copy of Edith Cameron’s watercolour of the boat sheds on what is now known as Spooky Beach, Angourie

“The Broomes’ (sic) Head summer holiday resort is again the scene of a temporary “calico” township, the population consisting of the people from Maclean and the surrounding district.

The situation and advantage of this popular spot renders it a perfect boon as an escape from the heat that affects the Lower Clarence in the summer months. There is an ample supply of good water in all seasons of the year, and while this necessity is in abundance, it is a comparatively easy matter to convey other articles of food.

The location being raised a considerable height above sea level, a splendid view can be achieved of the ocean and ragged coast, while the beautiful breeze that sweeps across the ocean is not the least desirable attraction that makes the place worth visiting.

The fact that no traces of permanent habitation adorns the hills is another novelty that seems to make a temporary stay pleasant, and the picnickers enjoy the freedom by attiring themselves in clothing suitable to parade the sea beach and surrounding hills as well as relishing the food that is cooked in a rude manner.

So far, very little money has been spent in making the road as fit for traffic as people might expect. As the population of the district increases and the greater percentage of visitors make this their health restorer, good roads will be a further attraction.

Unless some provision is made at Yamba, whereby the public can be landed with more safety than at present, other places will have to be sought, so that the Clarence people can gain a sniff of the briny during the hot months of the year.

Heartland Magazine | 31

My Education - continued from Issue 36 Teachers College In 1971 a Teachers College was opened in Lismore. I rang and asked what I had to do to apply for a place. The lady on the switchboard said that only people with Higher School Certificates were eligible. I thought that I had wasted the three years that I had put into the Leaving Certificate. In early 1972 I decided to see the principal of the college, Ray Bass. I rang and made an appointment. He greeted me politely and I told him that I wanted to undertake the Primary/Infants teachertraining course. I gave him a brief overview of how I had achieved my Leaving Certificate and how I had always wanted to teach. He said that there were six positions each year that were available for private, fee-paying students. It was up to him to select who got these places. He told me that there were already over four hundred applicants for the six places for 1973. He said that some of them already had degrees in other areas of study. He said I could ring him later in the year but he didn’t think my chances were very good. I rang him about every two months and each time he received my call politely but didn’t give much hope for placement in 1973.

My hopes were raised at the end of November when I called to see him. He told me that of the five hundred and twenty applicants for private positions, three-quarters of them were not residentially qualified. All students in the college had to come from the North Coast between Taree and Tweed Heads. He said he was very aware of my enthusiasm and would give me fair consideration when he was making his decision. Christmas came, and went, and I saw in the paper where the college was to re-open, with a higher intake than last year. On the day it opened I rang Mr Bass and he told me that orientation week had begun but he hadn’t selected the private students yet. I heard nothing until Thursday, the second-last day of orientation week. Mr Bass rang me and asked if I was still interested in private placement. I assured him that I was and he told me that as soon as I paid one hundred and sixty eight dollars to the office I could consider myself a teachers college student. He told me that my continued placement would be determined by my performance. If I didn’t pass every subject in the first semester, I would be asked to leave. I went straight to Lismore and got a receipt from the office. My tertiary education was about to begin.

The 1973 student intake was the first group to undertake a mandatory three years of training. Prior to this the Primary/Infants course was two years.

I attended the last day of orientation week and met some of the other students and lecturers. The course had hour-long lectures on five days each week beginning at nine and finishing the four o’clock lecture at five. There were only twenty lectures each week. Most days had several free lecture periods. This could be used for study. Mr Bass came to me in the grounds and said that of all the hundreds that applied he had only selected four private placements. He couldn’t fill the six places.

He told me that my persistence got me a place. I felt very privileged.

Lectures began on the following Monday and I soon realised that it had been a long time since I attended school. I was older than many of the lecturers. I found the subjects a little challenging at first but soon got into the routine. I studied hard and at the end of the first semester gained good passes in all subjects. There were even a couple of credits.

There was no practice teaching in schools for students in their first year of Teacher Education.

I paid my fees for the second semester and continued to study hard.

As I had a motor vehicle I was often asked by the younger students in my group to take them to Ballina or Byron Bay during the free lecture periods. I declined on the grounds that I needed to complete assignments.

This was of course true. I completed the semester successfully with a couple of more credits and a distinction in Communication Skills.

Based on these results I was exempted from paying fees for the rest of my time at college. I was now eligible for a scholarship and the Federal Government had just introduced funding for older students like me.

It was called a Mature Aged Students Allowance (MASA). I applied for, and was offered both. The Student Allowance paid considerably more than the scholarship and there was no means test. I accepted the MASA and received $225 each month for the rest of the time that I was at college. Both these schemes were abolished later and replaced 32 | Heartland Magazine

with means tested, repayable funding, called Austudy.

My second year began in February 1974. Music 1 was added to the list of subjects and I felt quite pleased. This would be fairly easy because I had learned music theory while in the Casino Brass Band and later while learning to play the piano. I had studied piano to sixth grade.

Most students left assignments until they were due before they started researching them. I began working on assignments as soon as they were set. Assessment was continuous, and I was awarded good marks for every subject. For my first three-week block of practice teaching I was placed in a year four class at Casino Public School. This was the school that I had requested. I enjoyed my three weeks and learnt more about teaching from the teacher than I would ever learn at college.

At the end of the semester I had to sit for three exams – Education, Music and Social Studies. I undertook these with confidence and while on the mid-year break, received my semester results by mail. I had passed every subject, except music. I couldn’t believe it. I had received high marks for every music assignment through the semester and the theory exam was very easy. I couldn’t understand what had gone wrong. The results were accompanied by a letter indicating that on return to college I should make an appointment to see the head of the Music Department, and arrange to do a ‘Progression’. This involved doing extra work in Music until she thought I had earned a pass.

1974 was also the year that the college began to take in up to sixty mature-age students at a time. There was no need to have completed high school. If you applied, and you were over twenty-six years old, and there was a vacancy, you were accepted. It was easy to get in. I often thought of the long hard road I had taken on my journey to college.

I went to her office at the appointed time and discovered that of the one hundred and eighty students who had sat for the Music 1 exam, forty-four had failed. We were all waiting in the corridor when she arrived and she told us that we would each have to learn to play five

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short pieces of music on our instrument of choice. One piece would be performed on each of the next five weeks. We were given a print out of the five pieces. They took up most of one side of a sheet of A4 paper. I suggested that I was ready to play all the pieces right now but she insisted that I attend her room for five weeks. I asked her why I had failed and told her that all my assignments had gained far better marks than the class average. She said that in spite of my marks, I obviously had no comprehension of music. When I mentioned that my old professor hadn’t noticed this she asked, “What professor?” I told her I had studied piano to sixth grade in Casino. She exploded. “You never told me that!” she screamed. My reply was a very quiet, “You didn’t ask me.” I played the set five or six bars on my melodica. She asked me to play it in a different key. I looked at the music for a few seconds and played it in the nominated key. She told me to come back next week for the second piece.

Each group had a member of staff who was their student/staff liaison person. My liaison lecturer was younger than me and I found him very easy to get on with. He was also my ‘Education’ Lecturer. I went to see him and explained my situation with music. I indicated that I was displeased with the ‘no comprehension’ reason and asked if he might seek more information. He came to me the next day and told me not to pursue further information or I wouldn’t be at the college next year.

He couldn’t tell me why but “just drop it”. I ‘dropped it’ but was most annoyed because I believed that I didn’t deserve a ‘fail’ Music. He agreed with me.

The next time I went to play my piece she had a headache, “Come back next week”. The following week she was sick. The next week she had a meeting. I never did get to play for her again. Some others of the forty-four played for her once; some played twice; nobody got to play a third time. Several didn’t get to play at all. After about seven or eight weeks we all received a letter indicating that we had been awarded a pass in Music 1.

Second semester included Music 2. I attended the first lecture and along with all the others present was given a list of assignments. We had been informed at the assembly a day or two before that “The Dragon Lady” would be leaving the college at the end of the year and taking up a position at a Sydney University. The academic staff, who were seated on the stage of the assembly hall, were startled when a great roar and cheers went up from the three hundred students.

In March of 1974 Lismore had major flooding. Muddy water flowed through the ground floor of the college and over the grounds. When the water subsided it left a layer of mud about ten centimetres thick over everything. Lectures were suspended for a week while the cleanup was under way. Requests were broadcast over the radio for any students who could reach the college to help. I helped. Students and lecturers all worked together and that was the only time that we were allowed into the staff room. The student’s common room was on the ground floor and was unusable. We used enormous quantities of water to hose out buildings and shovelled mud from the grounds into box trailers.

The mud was simply dumped into the gutter outside for the council to pick up.

My three-week block practice was again at the school that I requested – Casino West Public School. I was placed in year five and after about three days was given whole day lessons. I enjoyed this. The teacher would sit at his desk and read the paper until recess and after recess he often left the room for an hour or more. He wasn’t supposed to leave me in charge on my own. I didn’t mind. The children were well behaved and enjoyed my different style of teaching. By the third week I only saw the teacher in the mornings for a little while before he found something to do in the staff room. Although he only observed a small amount of my teaching he gave me a glowing report and said that even though this was only my fourth semester, and my second block practice, I didn’t need any more training at college. He reported that I was ready to have my own class. The college ignored this remark. I still had to finish another year.

After my first Music 2 lecture I decided to give music a miss this semester and record a ‘fail’. I didn’t submit any assignments. Non-attendance at lectures, or missed assignments, meant an automatic failure and the whole semesters work would have to be repeated. I knew that ‘The Dragon Lady’s’ replacement would have to be easier to get on with than her and I was happy with the idea of repeating Music 2 next semester. I worked hard on the other subjects and was given very good marks in all of them. When I received the semesters results during the Christmas holidays I was amazed to see that I had been given a Credit in Music 2. I was just as annoyed at the Credit as I had been with the Failure. I hadn’t deserved either of these results. And on that note I had completed my second year of teacher training.

1975 began and there were changes to the way teaching positions would be awarded at the end of the year. Those on scholarship were guaranteed a teaching position somewhere in the state but not necessarily in the region they requested. People who weren’t on scholarships (that’s me) weren’t guaranteed a position. The college also changed its name. It was now The Northern Rivers College of Advanced Education.

As this was the first group to do the three-year course, the lecturers had to devise something to occupy our time. It seems that they had simply instructed us with the same course that the two-year trained students were given and now they had to add another year’s work. We were allowed to pick and choose much of the content for ourselves. These two semesters were a waste of time. One lecturer told our group that the extra year was simply to let the students get a year older before putting them into a classroom.

My first block practice for this year was at Clovas Public School. This was my first experience in a one-teacher school. The teacher had the school organised so that the year six girls would teach the kindergarten children while he set year three and four to work. He would then get the year two and three children working. Once they were busy he would help year one while year five helped anyone who needed it. The teacher would rotate between the class groups and with the help of the year six girls teach the whole school at once. The year six girls seemed to be teaching themselves, with occasional help from the teacher. I really enjoyed my time at Clovas, and learned a lot about small schools.

My final block practice was at Coraki Public School. I was placed with the school principal on sixth class. About half of the students were aboriginal. Most of these children came from the Box Ridge Aboriginal Reserve. This was my first experience with aboriginal children and the teacher helped me to understand that their culture had to be respected and allowed for. Most of the aboriginal children were well behaved but the few bad children would accuse you of racial prejudice if you attempted any form of discipline. I had a much better understanding of their special needs at the end of my three weeks at Coraki.

There were no exams at the end of third year at the college. Assessment had been progressive and everyone knew that they had fulfilled all of their requirements long before the end of term. We coasted along for the last three or four weeks just filling in time. This time, instead of receiving our results by mail during the holidays, we were all presented with a certificate at a special assembly.

I had begun my teaching studies at the Lismore Teachers College but my graduation would be from The Northern Rivers College of Advanced Education. I was awarded a Diploma of Teaching.

The graduation ceremony took place during school holidays, in the Lismore City Hall, on 15th May of 1976. At last I was qualified to be a schoolteacher. Now, my education was complete and all I had to do was wait for an appointment to a school.

Final

Heartland Magazine | 33

Charles Richard Wilson, history of the Caniba farmer, NSW.

C

harles Richard Wilson was born at Bowenfels on May 1st, 1873. He grew up in the Blue Mountains area and resided at Katoomba and worked as a linesman in that area until he enlisted for the Boer War in 1901 as an artillery man. He was invalided home in 1902 and on recovery he enlisted for the Boer War again in January 1903 in the Commonwealth Horse.

Charles served in South Africa until the end of that war in May 1903.

His photos are noted on the rear as being in

Upington, in South Africa.

On return and working as a linesman in the Bega area he met Mabel Ellen Law and they married in 1904 on 26th December.

Different work areas and an increasing family and eventually the family took up farming at Caniba, near Lismore in northern NSW. From 1905 until 1926, Charles and Mabel had twelve children, ten surviving to adulthood. As the family grew up, sons and daughters married and some also took up farming in the Casino/Lismore/ Bonalbo area.

The family continued farming at Caniba until 1934 when the farm was sold and Charles, Mabel and the few children still living at home moved to Doubtful Creek and then to share with Daughter Mabel (known as Cissie) and son in lae Tom Nelson at Irvington.

Charles Richard Wilson passed away in the Casino hospital in October 1939, aged 66 years. (His head stone in Casino cemetery says 65).

My mother, Florence, was the ninth of the Wilson children, born on 19th February 1920.

After the Caniba farm sold, she was with the family at Doubtful Creek and then worked on other dairy farms, also in Casino, Ballina and then along with her sisters, Sarah and Violet went to Sydney to work in a glass factory in 1941.

Sarah married a serviceman, Alan Bullock, Violet joined the WRAAF and Florence moved back to where the family was now living at Bottle Creek.

Florence met my father, Ted Holland at a Bottle Creek dance, they married and had three children, Malcolm, Douglas (me) and Lynette.

Notes from my mother’s diary about life on the farm at Caniba around 1926/1930.

“When I think of my father, I see him with his pipe and watch pouch on his belt at the back and his tobacco pouch which he always carried.”

“This pouch was rubber like a bag you put your gold in these days, it was airtight, and you pulled the top up to open, let it go and it folded back in.”

“We had a pet magpie called Jacko, he could talk but he had a set on the adults because Chas (Mum’s brother) and his mate Norman Bull used to torment him.

So, Jacko would wait under the stairs and as they walked up, he would peck them on their feet and if saw them outside he would fly and peck them on the head.

One day he got Dad and almost got killed for that. We found him down the creek bank, thought we had a different magpie. Poor Jacko, he could talk like us kids when we were fighting or playing”

1902, Charles Wilson, Commonwealth Horse, Boer War

34

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

Story and photos submitted. All rights reserved © 2020

Charles Richard Wilson, history of the Caniba farmer, NSW.

1902, Charles Richard Wislon, 3rd Commonwealth Horse. With patrol at Unington, Soth Africa.

1901, Charles Wilson, artillary Boer war

1920’s, the Wilson’s farm house at Caniaba.

1928, Charlie Wilson with a load of sugar cane at the Caniaba farm.

Caniaba, The Wilson girls, from left Sarah, Violet, Florence.

1925 Charile and mabel Wilson in the sulky, heading to Lismore for some shopping.

1926, Sarah and Florence Wilson head off to school, from the Caniaba farm.

1930. Sarah, Arthur and Florence Wilson plus a friend, going to school.

“

When I think of my father, I see him with his pipe and watch pouch on his belt at the back and his tobacco pouch which he always carried.

”

Charles 1939 & Mabel 1955 The Wilsons grave in Casino.

Charles Richard and Mabel Ellen Wilson, circa 1930.

Heartland Magazine Special Feature | 35

Little Valley Farm

Little Valley Farm is an alpaca breeding farm located at Laguna in the Wollombi Valley (Lower Hunter Valley).

They specialize in breeding Huacaya and Suri alpaca’s in white, fawn and have recently added some coloured alpacas to the herd. They carry up to 40 alpacas on their 50-acre property called Little Valley Farm.

The owners, Daniela Riccio and Euan Wilcox, moved to Laguna back in 2012 after spending nearly fifteen years working and living across Europe and Asia.

When living in Europe, Daniela and Euan would visit her father’s family farm just 40 minutes outside Naples.

From there the interest grew in ‘one-day’ living on a farm. “Little did we know it would be off-grid with alpacas and growing garlic in the Hunter Valley.”

Euan worked in digital marketing and product development world for nearly 30 years in 8 countries. Daniela was an editor for luxury travel and shopping guide in Asia and had her online business in Singapore. They sold up, moved back to Sydney and landed on an off-grid old lavender farm in Laguna after spending some time traveling around Australia.

“The first thing we did was the endless weeding, then the fencing and quickly sourced a small herd of alpacas. We also ventured into the world of miniature Galloway cattle and Dorper sheep but soon realized how mischievous sheep are after they consumed our entire vegetable garden. The cattle we kept for a while until the drought-hit and the price of hay skyrocketed. In a positive fashion, the drought made us change a few things about running our farm and solely focus on breeding alpacas and growing garlic, so we sold the sheep and cows. One important factor for us is that alpacas are very gentle on the land, efficient eaters and easy to handle. They help us improve the soil and grass in each paddock as we rotate them from paddock to paddock.”

36 | Heartland Magazine

Little Valley Farm is a small family run business and they understand how hard it can be to set up a farm especially with such unique animals like alpacas and also not coming from a farming background and having to learn everything pretty quickly.

For new alpaca owners, they offer handson training workshops that are stressfree for the animals. They also provide information on the correct shelters and pens, shearing and general alpaca maintenance and grooming as well as updates on animal healthcare and put them in touch with the correct shearers.

They are now moving into a larger production of utilising the alpaca yarn via a mill based in Orange (Adagio) but most of the fleece is sold raw to spinners, knitters or used in-house. “We love how sustainable, long-lasting, warm and functional alpaca yarn is. We are part of the Australian Alpaca Association and it’s great to see what our networks is doing around Australia.”

One good thing that did come out of the drought, after we sold our last cows due to the cost of feed was to think more about diversification. Daniela went back to her marketing & PR roots and started BOUTIQUE Public Relations, a digital engagement company focusing on Agritourism and rural-based businesses. She can run the farm and the online business from home working with small businesses and farmers in the Hunter and Sydney hinterlands. Euan recently joined her as the business expanded.

Little Valley Farm also offers a unique farm stay experience with accommodation available in their vintage 1950’s red rattler train carriage and shepherds hut. They cater to couples and small groups through an off-grid glamping which has been highly successful for them.

Australia Day Special Feature Australia Day, 26 January, is the day to reflect on what it means to be Australian, to celebrate contemporary Australia and to acknowledge our history.

On Australia Day we celebrate all the things we love about Australia: land, sense of fair go, lifestyle, democracy, the freedoms we enjoy but particularly our people.

Australia Day is about acknowledging and celebrating the contribution that every Australian makes to our contemporary and dynamic nation. From our Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people - who have been here for more than 65,000 years - to those who have lived here for generations, to those who have come from all corners of the globe to call our country home.

The marking of 26 January is an important date in Australia’s history and has changed over time: starting as a celebration for emancipated convicts and evolving into what is now a celebration of Australia that reflects the nation’s diverse people.

1901 The Australian colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia. The Union Jack continued as the national flag, taking precedence over the Australian red and blue shipping ensigns gazetted in 1903. Melbourne was the interim federal capital. The Australian Capital Territory was created out of New South Wales in 1908, the federal capital named Canberra in 1913, and the Parliament House opened there in 1927.

Australia Day continues to be hugely popular, with 3 in 4 Australians believing it has a bigger meaning beyond being just a day off.

1930 The Australian Natives’ Association in Victoria began a campaign to have 26 January celebrated throughout Australia as Australia Day on a Monday, making a long weekend. The Victorian government agreed with the proposal in 1931, the other states and territories following by 1935.

More than half of all Australians participate in Australia Day attending events organised by State Governments, local councils, community groups or getting together with family and friends. In addition, over 16,000 new Australians become citizens on Australia Day.

1938 While state premiers celebrated the Sesquicentenary together in Sydney, Aboriginal leaders met there for a Day of Mourning to protest at their mistreatment by white Australians and to seek full citizen rights.

Before 1770 Aboriginal peoples had been living for more than 60 000 years on the continent we now know as Australia. At least 1600 generations of these peoples had lived and died here.

1946 The Australian Natives’ Association prompted the formation in Melbourne of an Australia Day Celebrations Committee (later known as the Australia Day Council) to educate the public about the significance of Australia Day. Similar bodies emerged in the other states, which in rotation, acted as the Federal Australia Day Council.

Europeans from the thirteenth century became interested in details from Asia about this land to the south. From the sixteenth century European cartographers and navigators gave the continent various names, including Terra Australis (Southern Land) and New Holland.

1770 Captain James Cook raised the Union Jack on what is now called Possession Island on 22 August to claim the eastern half of the continent as New South Wales for Great Britain.

1788 Captain Arthur Phillip, commander of the First Fleet of eleven convict ships from Great Britain, and the first Governor of New South Wales, arrived at Sydney Cove on 26 January and raised the Union Jack to signal the beginning of the colony.

1804 Early almanacs and calendars and the Sydney Gazette began referring to 26 January as First Landing Day or Foundation Day. In Sydney, celebratory drinking, and later anniversary dinners became customary, especially among emancipists.

1818 Governor Macquarie acknowledged the day officially as a public holiday on the thirtieth anniversary. The previous year he accepted the recommendation of Captain Matthew Flinders, circumnavigator of the continent, that it be called Australia.

1838 Proclamation of an annual public holiday for 26 January marked the Jubilee of the British occupation of New South Wales. This was the second year of the anniversary’s celebratory Sydney Regatta.

1871 The Australian Natives’ Association, formed as a friendly society to provide medical, sickness and funeral benefits to the native-born of European descent, became a keen advocate from the 1880s of federation of the Australian colonies within the British Empire, and of a national holiday on 26 January.

38

1888 Representatives from Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and New Zealand joined NSW leaders in Sydney to celebrate the Centenary. What had begun as a NSW anniversary was becoming an Australian one. The day was known as Anniversary or Foundation Day.

| Heartland Magazine Special Feature

1948 The Nationality and Citizenship Act created a symbolic Australian citizenship. Australians remained British subjects.

1954 The Australian blue ensign was designated the Australian national flag and given precedence over the Union Jack. The Australian red ensign was retained as the commercial shipping ensign.

1979 The Commonwealth government established a National Australia Day Committee in Canberra to make future celebrations ‘truly national and Australia-wide’. It took over the coordinating role of the Federal Australia Day Council. In 1984 it became the National Australia Day Council, based in Sydney, with a stronger emphasis on sponsorship. Incorporation as a public company followed in 1990.

1984 Australians ceased to be British subjects. Advance Australia Fair replaced God Save the Queen as the national anthem.

1988 Sydney continued to be the centre of Australia Day spectacle and ceremony. The states and territories agreed to celebrate Australia Day in 1988 on 26 January, rather than with a long weekend. Aborigines renamed Australia Day, ‘Invasion Day’. The Bondi Pavilion protest concert foreshadowed the Survival Day Concerts from 1992.

1994 Celebrating Australia Day on 26 January became established.

Now Australia Day is an established and significant day in the national calendar with 4 in 5 Australians seeing it as ‘more than a day off ’ and over 16,000 people choosing it to become new citizens each year.

Source www.australiaday.org.au

The New England Bus Company Part 2 commenced but it did not last very long. This was the year in which Russell Penfold Snr. Of Greyhound Coaches fame had begun running on the same route.

The extension of the Sydney-Kyogle rail line to Brisbane in 1930 and the protective road tax introduced by the government to discourage competition with its trains, put the Brisbane-Sydney service out of action. So, the company concentrated on developing and consolidating its regional operations and supplementing its LismoreBrisbane service with more frequent schedules between Lismore and Byron Bay, Lismore and Murwillumbah, Lismore and Brunswick Heads.

The records of the NSW Omnibus Proprietors’ Association show that by 1940 New England Motor Co. was operating 17 vehicles, comprising: seven Whites ranging in capacity from 15 to 29 seats; five Mercedes; three Cadillac’s; a LaSalle and a 1926 Fageol.

continued from Issue 36 As well as Tabulam the New England Motor Co. cars and coaches served the towns such as Drake, Mallanganee, Mummulgum and others which were surrounded by farming, grazing, dairying, timber milling and associated activities. Extracts from Les Murry’s poem ‘Driving through Sawmill Towns’ provides a picture of the wayside scenery: The sawmill towns, bare hamlets built of boards with perhaps a bridge beyond and a little sidelong creek alive with pebbles. The mills are roofed with iron, have no walls; you look straight in as you pass, see the men working, beside each mill, smoke trickles out of mounds of ash and sawdust.

Moore’s Almanac for 1921 carried advertisements for the growing Robinson enterprise: THE NEW ENGLAND MOTOR COMPANY Meets all trains at Lismore and Tenterfield.

Cars depart Tenterfield daily at 9am or after the arrival of the train from Sydney for: Drake, Tabulam, Mallanganee, Casino and Lismore, connecting with cars to Kyogle, Coraki and Ballina. Also, the train to Byron Bay and Murwillumbah. Also, Coraki, Woodburn, Harwood, Maclean, Ulmarra and Grafton.

Head office: Lismore. Phone 374. Branch offices: Ballina 48, Casino 49, Tenterfield 74, South Grafton 55.

GEO.A Robinson, Proprietor.

The 1921 Almanac also carried the timetable for New England’s Lismore-Grafton service, depart Lismore at 9.30am, lunch at Maclean and arriving Grafton at 3.35pm. Distance was shown as 87 miles (140kms). The northbound schedule showed a 7am departure, lunch at Coraki, arrival at Lismore by 2pm. The train for Murwillumbah and Byron Bay departed at 4.28pm (Saturdays only).

However, by 1925, despite Robinson’s energetic and ambitious approach, New England Motor Co. was beginning to ‘feel the pinch’ of competition in an unregulated field as well as the growing intrusion of rail services, so early as 1926 he travelled to the USA. He brought back many ideas for expansion of his company’s services based on contemporary American operations, and also saw what comfortable coaches built on White chassis could do for long distance passenger services.

In November 1926, G A Robinson inaugurated an interstate service from Lismore to Brisbane with newly imported White buses. In 1930 he started a Brisbane-Lismore-Sydney service which was probably the nation’s first intercapital coach operation.

In 1932 a service between Brisbane and Toowoomba was 40 | Heartland Magazine

In Sydney the company had eight vehicles on TV (Tourist Vehicle) plates, including four Dodge 7 seaters, two Chevs, an 11 seater Cadillac and a 1928 Fageol with 28 seats. In 1938 according to a news item in February 1939 issue of Truck and Bus magazine, G A Robinson had acquired Days Motor Tourist Service and Sydney Observation Cars. But WW2 intervened and tourists services were declared non-essential to the war effort, Robinson’s ambitions in that direction came to an abrupt halt.

Prior to these developments of the company’s basic road operations, George Robinson’s instinct for anticipating future transport modes directed his attention to aviation. On 1 January 1931 Gorge and renowned pilot Keith Virtue formed New England Airways (NEA), which began operating between Lismore and Brisbane with two small aircraft-a Ryan B1 and a Puss Moth – both of which would have required a degree of fortitude on the part if the customers! The fledging airline flew from an aerodrome at Gundurimba 5kms south of Lismore adjacent to the Lismore gas works on the south side of town owned by Robinson. It was the first privately owned aerodrome in Australia. In this civil aviation venture Robinson preceded R M Ansett by five years.

A year before New England Airways began operating, Charles Kingsford Smith and Charles Ulm had launched Australian National Airways (ANA). But they were finding that the economic Depression which had followed the Wall Street Crash in New York, was making the going tough. Then in March 1931 on of ANA’s Avro 10 aircraft Southern Cloud, disappeared on a scheduled flight between Sydney and Melbourne and this combined with the debilitating effects of the Depression, resulted in the company going out of business in the following June.

When ANA ceased operating, NEA began flying on the former ANA Brisbane-Sydney route. Later in the same year another airline, Queensland Air Navigation also failed and NEA acquired two of that company’s hangars and two of its Avro 10 aircraft which were similar to those used by Kingsford Smith and Ulm and similar also to Fokker, Southern Cross, in which Smithy and Ulm made their historic flight across the Pacific from the USA to Australia in 1928.

With the two Avro 10 seaters plus a third which was purchased shortly afterward, NEA spread its wings as far as north of Townsville. In the 1934 a Douglas DC2 aircraft won the Race and G A Robinson offered 20,000 pounds for the plane, but it was declined. Obviously at that stage he could see beyond the Avro 10 for airline operations.

By this time British Pacific Trust had acquired a 51% shareholding in NEA and the company was restructured to become Airlines of Australia (AOA) in October 1935 with G A Robinson on the Board of Directors. In the following year three Stinson tri-motor aircraft were purchased for Sydney-Lismore-Brisbane service.

In 1937 one of the Stinson’s crashed in the McPherson Ranges and of the eight persons aboard the aircraft, three survived. Local bushman Bernard O’Reilly found the wreckage and guided rescue parties to the scene to successfully bring out two of the survivors- the third one having been killed in an endeavour to reach help.

The New England Bus Company Part 2 In 1937 a 14 passenger Douglas DC2 and a 21 passenger DC3 were acquired.

to Stanthorpe, Warwick and other towns north of the Queensland border.

Eventually (1942) AOA was absorbed by Australian National Airways (a different company from the original and in turn ANA was acquired

by Ansett Airways in 1957.

As the 1970’s approached the pressures of higher costs of wages and new vehicles were beginning to be felt. As the Whites and AECs came to the end of their economic lives, they were being replaces

by Ford R226s and ‘stretched’ Thames Traders which had their chassis extended by Brown’s in Brisbane and were fitted with New England bodies which had been removed from White chassis. The AEC Reliance’s and Rangers, which had proven themselves in the NEMCo fleet were becoming scarce following the acquisition of AEC

by Leyland

WW2 brought with it a curtailment of many of New England Motor Co.’s services. Like almost every other operator, the company suffered from shortages of fuel, tyres, spare parts, replacement vehicles and of course, personnel.

Mr Robinson’s three sons-Cliff, Keith and Reg-served as pilots in the RAAF. After the war two of them, Cliff and Keith re-joined the company and Reg was appointed Manager of North Coast Milk Products’ Lismore plant which was another of G A Robinsons enterprises.

The company’s South Lismore engineering workshops were expanded and its operations, which included boring, grinding and general reconditioning of engines, fuel pumps, etc., involved the use of boring bars, milling machines, lathes, presses and similar equipment necessary for a wide variety of specialised automotive work which was carried out for local and district garages as well for the company’s growing fleet of coaches.

The company built many of its own coaches bodies up until 1956 with some of the first under-floor loading innovations in Australia.

To cope with post-war expansion the garage and workshops were enlarged by erecting a former aircraft hanger at the rear of the original premises.

In addition to resuming many of its pre-war services the company in 1946 initiated a Yamba-Lismore run connecting with Brisbane services and in the same year the Lismore- Tenterfield route was extended to Glen Innes. In 1955 the company took over Greyhound’s Lismore-Woodenbong service.

The post-war era led to a change from Whites to AECs, some of which were bodied in the company’s South Lismore workshops and others in Brisbane by Watt Bros and Athol Hedges, and in Sydney by Star Bros.

In 1956 the company’s head office was moved across the river from South Lismore to new premises in Moles worth Street in the city’s main business area. The new two storey building contained administrative offices and a coach terminal, which included drive through facilities for coaches and a passenger lounge, ticket office, travel agency and freight depot.

G A Robinson did not live to see that high point of the company’s post-war expansion, the opening of the new terminal. He died in 1953 and his son Keith took over as Managing Director and continued to represent the family’s interests on the board of Airlines of Australia.

The ‘golden years’ of the immediate post-war period were followed by a general downturn in bus and coach patronage throughout Australia but New England Motor Co. continued to provide a high level of service in the 1960’s on all its routes, in contrast to the widespread tendency by many operators to reduce frequencies. Parcel freight became a more important revenue source.

The company’s 1966 timetables showed three services daily in each direction between Lismore and Brisbane and four between Murwillumbah and Brisbane. Lismore-Grafton was served by a daily return service and the company’s Lismore-Casino timetable listed six departures in each direction, four of which also serviced Kyogle. The Kyogle route had been acquired from Daniel Motors in 1962.

In 1963 Keith Robinson bought the Tenterfield-Glen Innes service from the company and operated it as Tablelands Bus Service whilst continuing to guide the fortunes of New England Motor Co. This service maintained connections with trains to and from Sydney and with other coach services operated by Border Coaches to Glen Innes, Inverell, Moree, Armidale and Tamworth and by Skennar’s

There were other problems too. Keith and Cliff were the only second generation Robinsons who were involved in running the business and with the exception of his son Bruce, there were no third generation Robinsons interested in taking over the management. Bruce had joined NEMCo in 1965 and worked in various departments including the workshop, head office, travel agency, freight and booking offices, relief airport, dispatch etc. but in 1968 he was called up for National Service and whilst he was fulfilling this three year duty, an offer to buy the company was received but it fell through. Shortly afterwards the Lismore operator, Kirklands, submitted an offer which was accepted and in January 1970 New England Motor Co.’s 22 vehicle fleet and its route network were absorbed into the Kirklands operation (18 vehicles).

Thus a 52 year connection with passenger transport on the Far North Coast and the neighbouring hinterland came to an end. No more would the big brown and green coaches serve the region from Grafton to Brisbane and from the tablelands to the coast.

Thirteen years later in 1982 Keith Robinson died. He had served with the RAAF with considerable distinction in World War 2. After gaining his pilot’s wings in Canada he flew with a Royal Air Force Wellington squadron and survived 40 missions over Europe. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the citation for which stated that he had shown outhandling qualities as captain of his aircraft during an attack on a convoy of 14 German ships off the Dutch coast.

The British aircraft were under sustained attack by German fighters.

Following his tour of duty over Europe he was transferred to operational training in England and Canada and was awarded the coveted Air Force Cross for his instructional skills. He was also awarded the wings of a polish pilot for his work with the Free Polish Squadrons and towards the end of the war he was selected to fly Admiral Lord Fisher around the Pacific theatre.

This the death of Keith ended a long standing Robinson connection with aviation, and the winged insignia bearing the Latin phrase Fide et Fiducia-Faith and confidence-which adorned the coaches of New England Motor Co. and passed into history.

Heartland Magazine | 41

Do you remember Frank Spencer

Do you remember the wimpish, smiling Frank, sporting his trademark beret and trench coat, is married to the apparently normal Betty (Michele Dotrice) and in later series they have a baby daughter, Jessica.

The character was popular with television impressionists such as Mike Yarwood in the 1970s, particularly his main catchphrase, “Ooh Betty”, which is allegedly only ever said in one episode (Series 2, Episode 2). Other sources, such as TV Tropes and British Classic Comedy claim that he never said it and attribute it to Mike Yarwood’s impressions.

“Ooh Betty ...” is not Frank’s only catchphrase of the series. Others include a quavering “Oooh ...”, usually uttered with his forefinger to his mouth as he stands amidst the chaos of some disaster he has just caused (and which he himself has invariably escaped unscathed).

He also sometimes complains about being “ha-RASSed!”, or occasionally, “I’ve had a lot of ha-RASSments lately” (originally an American pronunciation). Other recurring catchphrases include references to “a bit of trouble”, which usually implies some sort of undisclosed digestive disorder, and to the cat having “done a whoopsie” (presumably a euphemism for having defecated in an inappropriate place, on one occasion in Spencer’s beret). If Frank is pleased (or confused) about something, he will often use the catchphrase “Mmmm — nice!” or “Ohhh — nice!”

Despite his unfailing ability to infuriate people, Frank is essentially a very sympathetic character, who inspires much affection from his ever-loving and patient wife, Betty. He also venerates the memory of his late mother, Jessica, and worships his daughter, also named Jessica; references to Frank’s mother suggest that she was very like her son. Frank claimed he last saw his father at Paddington Station when he was only 18 months old. Crawford himself has talked of how he based many of Frank’s reactions on those of a young child.

The final series was written by Allen, based on stories by Michael Crawford (not written by Crawford himself as sometimes reported) and was made after a break of five years, although there had been two Christmas specials in between. Frank’s character changes noticeably in this series, becoming more self-aware and keen to make himself appear more educated and well-spoken. He develops an air of pomposity, best demonstrated when someone enquires for “Mr Spencer?” - to which he habitually replies “I am he”. He also becomes more self-assured, and much more willing to argue back when criticised, sometimes winning arguments by leaving his opponents dumbfounded by the bizarre nature of his statements.

Michael Crawford and Michele Dotrice, as Frank and Betty Spencer Acknowledging the show’s success in Australia, in the final series he mentions relations who live there, and contemplates emigrating himself.

Crawford also found it difficult to break out of the public association with the role, despite his later career as a hugely successful musical performer on the West End and Broadway stage, in popular shows such as Barnum and The Phantom of the Opera.

42 | Heartland Magazine

Crawford’s acting career took off again after he appeared on the London stage in the farce No Sex Please, We’re British, in which he played the part of frantic chief cashier Brian Runnicles. His performance led to an invitation to star in a BBC television comedy series about a childlike and eternally haphazard man who causes disaster everywhere he goes.

Crawford was not the first choice for the role of Frank Spencer in Some Mothers Do ‘Ave ‘Em. Originally, the part had been offered to comedy actor Ronnie Barker but after he and Norman Wisdom had turned it down, Crawford took on the challenge, adopting a similar characterisation to that which he used when playing Brian Runnicles. Cast alongside him was actress Michele Dotrice in the role of Frank’s long-suffering wife, Betty, and the series premiered in 1973.

Some Mothers Do ‘Ave ‘Em soon became one of the BBC’s most popular television series. Initially, only two series were produced, from 1973 to 1975, while the show’s creators felt that it should stop while at its peak. There was a brief hiatus until popular demand saw it revived for a final series in 1978.

The immense popularity that followed the sitcom was due perhaps to the unusual amount of physical comedy involved.

Crawford said he had always been a fan of comedians such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Laurel and Hardy, as well as the great sight gags employed in the days of silent film, and saw Some Mothers as the ideal opportunity to use such humour himself. He performed all of his own stunts during the show’s run, and never used a double.

Franks Alterego Michael Patrick Smith, CBE (born 19 January 1942), known by the professional stage name of Michael Crawford, is an English actor, comedian, singer, voice artist.

He has received international critical acclaim and won numerous awards during his career, which has included many film and television performances as well as stagework on both London’s West End and on Broadway in New York City. He is best known for playing the character Frank Spencer in a popular 1970s sitcom titled Some Mothers Do ‘Ave ‘Em, which first made him a household name, as well as for originating the title role in The Phantom of the Opera. His performance in the latter musical drama earned him both the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical and Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical.

Crawford has also published the autobiographical work Parcel Arrived Safely: Tied With String, which covers the changes in his career over the multiple decades. Since 1987, he has served as the leader of the Sick Children’s Trust as well and acted as a public face for the British social cause organization.

The Development of Railways in Australia Part 5 final

by Brian Sullivan

Part 5 continued from Issue 35 Passenger Comfort The original long distance passenger carriages were not comfortable.

Rough tracks, poor springs and the lack of heating, lighting and toilets could make a long journey harrowing. On some trains eight passengers were seated in dog boxes with the doors opening directly on to the platform.

Generally, trains stopped at regular intervals allowing passengers a quick trip to the toilet and to refreshment rooms but if the train was delayed the consequences could be catastrophic.

However, by the 1880’s comfort was improving with the improvement of better sprung carriages, gas lighting, six seat compartments, corridors and toilets. By 1884 the Melbourne to Sydney and Melbourne to Adelaide services had sleeping cars and on train dining and recreational areas.

The Twentieth Century and Beyond The size of the rail network in Australia peaked in 1926 at 26,000 miles. Since then there has been a steady decline as uneconomical freight and passenger lines have been closed. Rail transport was introduced as a service to the community. In modern Australia the emphasis is on efficiency.

The almost universal access to motor transport and the development of fast and safe air transport has reduced the demand for country and interstate services. The cost of maintaining aged lines is another factor in the decline. In some cases, the demand was quite high but the cost of maintaining the line even higher.

This was the case with the Casino Murwillumbah line which was closed because the cost of renewing several wooden bridges was deemed greater than providing a road transport alternative. A fleet of a dozen buses is required to ferry passengers from Casino 44 | Heartland Magazine

to towns once covered by the now closed Murwillumbah service.

Flood damage was used as an excuse to close other lines such as the Tamworth Barraba line which was partially destroyed in the 1984 flood and the Bourke line which was damaged by the Nyngan Floods of 1990.

Road transport is seen as being more convenient by the improvement in both farm storage and road transport vehicles and made more desirable by a change in marketing with smaller proportion of the crop being purchased by a single marketing authority.

There are some areas of growth in the Rail Network. Two world class passenger services, the Sydney to Perth Indian Pacific introduced in 1971 and the Adelaide to Darwin Ghan introduced in 2004 are providing popular as tourist attractions.

New lines, using concrete sleepers, have been built and the old refurbished to accommodate the large trains which are used to transport iron or to coastal ports in Western Australia and the coal to ports in New South Wales and Queensland.

The huge numbers of passengers transported each day on metropolitan networks means that it is likely that more passengers are being transported by rail in 2019 than in any previous period in the history of the Australian rail transport.

DO YOU REMEMBER?

Modern recipes today will often instruct to heat oil or butter in a pan before commencing cooking the other ingredients. For many growing up, cooking involved the use of dripping. Dripping is essentially the fat or residue which is left after cooking meat. To make dripping from scratch, the animal fat is fried and kept and stored in a dripping tin to use in other forms of cooking.

Modern production of dripping includes the animal fat residue being added to boiling water with salt. Once the stock pot cools, a solid cake is formed and after the cake settles it is scraped clean and stored in blocks for later use.

During the WW1, rationing was an issue, and this meant that food was at a shortage and that nothing should be wasted. Using every part of what an animal had to offer was the attitude of the time which also helped financially by not having to buy cooking oils, instead everything was cooed using dripping.

Dripping was a popular spread to put on bread during this time as other spreads were not readily available. Dripping had many uses and was a necessity during these times up until the end of rationing in the mid 1950’s.

Other vegetable oils became available and as people became more health conscious, dripping fell out of favour.

Dripping was similar to lard, tallow and schmaltz. Ironically now, what was once a practice of necessity.

Certain chefs and butchers these days are re discovering dripping and the unique taste it provides when used in cooking. Products have come onto the market and there is a buzz around the use of dripping from boutique culinary professionals which is bringing back dripping as a new trend with the younger generation.

Every household had a dripping tin which was often carried through many generations. The unique taste of a dripping sandwich or fish and chips cooked using dripping, evokes many other memories of a time gone by.

Unlike today, and the many vegetable or other cooking oils available at the supermarkets and food stores, dripping also ensured parents knew what they were feeding their children and where it had come from. This was comforting and a luxury that is sometimes not enjoyed today.

46 | Heartland Magazine

AUSSIE MOTORING The History of Holden

Specification levels

The Holden Astra

Two trim levels, the SL/X and the SL/E were offered in the LB Astra series, although a basic SL model arrived in 1986 with the LC upgrade.

Spanning six generations, the original, Australia-only Astra of 1984 was a derivative of the locally produced Nissan Pulsar, as was the 1987 Astra. It was succeeded by the Holden Nova in 1989—another unique-to-Australia model line.

From 1995, the Holden Astra name was used in New Zealand, for a badge engineered version of the Opel Astra, which had been sold locally as an Opel since 1993.

The following year, Holden discontinued the Nova line in Australia in favour of the Opel-based Holden Astra. It then ran through TR (1996), TS (1998) and AH (2004) generations of European importation before the nameplate was again discontinued in 2009, replaced by the South Korean- then Australian-made Cruze.

On 1 May 2014, Holden announced plans to import the Opel Astra J GTC and Opel Astra J OPC with Holden badges to Australia and New Zealand, and the following generation replaced the Cruze officially in 2017. In late 2016 a new Holden Astra range was released comprising rebadged Opel Astra hatchbacks, (coded the BK series). This was followed in 2017 by rebadged Chevrolet Cruze sedans (coded BL), and rebadged Vauxhall Astra wagons (coded BK).

The first generation (LB, LC; 1984–1987) The original Holden Astra, introduced in August 1984 as the LB series was a badge engineered Nissan Pulsar (N12). The Pulsar, a Japanese designed model, sold alongside the unique to Australia Astra line-up.

The Pulsar for Australia was assembled in Clayton, Victoria; however, for the Astra the body panels were pressed at Holden’s Elizabeth, South Australia facility. Unlike its Nissan counterpart, the Astra was only offered as a five-door hatchback, with the three-door hatchback and four-door sedan body styles omitted from the range due to fears they would overlap with Nissan’s own Pulsar range. However, Holden’s continuation of the Gemini sedan range was the nearest equivalent of this in the range.

The only engine available was a Nissan-designed 1.5-litre engine, locally manufactured, this engine produced 52 kilowatts (70 hp) and 115 newton

SL: entry-level model available upon the LC’s introduction.

SL/X: introduced with LB series featured cloth trim, a digital clock and a combined radio receiver and Compact Cassette player.

SL/E: added alloy wheels among other features to the equipment list.

However, the LC update saw the SL/E specification downgraded from alloy wheels to steel wheels with plastic wheel covers.

Second generation (LD; 1987–1989) For the second generation LD Astra, the Nissan Pulsar was again used as the basis, this time using the latest N13 series. Unlike before, the LD was the result of a proper joint venture development programme. That is, Nissan provided the bodywork and Holden supplied powertrains for fitment in both applications.

Launched concurrently in July 1987, both the LD Astra and N13 Pulsar were offered in four-door sedan and five-door hatchback body styles.

Outside of Australia though, three-door hatchback and station wagon body variants of the Nissan were also available.

Both 1.6 (55 kilowatts (74 hp); 135 newton metres (100 ft⋅lbf)) and 1.8-litre (79 kilowatts (106 hp); 151 newton metres (111 ft⋅lbf)) displacements of Holden’s Family II engine were offered in the Astra-Pulsar models.

Badged as 1.6 and 1.8 injection, respectively, the term injection denoted the utilisation of fuel injection.

In July 1989, all associations with Nissan were severed and a new agreement between Toyota was formed. This relationship, known as the United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI) was a continuation of the Australian Government’s Button Plan that started with Nissan. Nissan continued to use the Holden engines until 1991 before replacing their N13 Pulsar line with the N14, while at the same time entering a new model sharing alliance with Ford.

The Used Car Safety Ratings evaluation from 2008 found that LD series Astras provide a “worse than average” level of occupant protection in the event of an accident.

Specification levels Of the three trim specifications offered, the SLX and SLE nameplates no longer featured the “/” symbol, as in SL/X. Besides this anomaly, the LD range mirrored that of the LC Astra:

metres (85 ft⋅lbf) of torque. Transmission options were a five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic.

Compared to the N12 Pulsar, the Astra LB sported a distinctive grille, the work of Australian stylist Paul Beranger housing the Holden lion insignia in the centre. Also unique were Astra-only tail lamps, badging and decals.

A revised LC model was released in April 1986. Unleaded-fuel requirements uprated the engine displacement to 1.6 litres, power to 60 kilowatts (80 hp) and torque to 124 newton metres (91 ft⋅lbf). Model and trim changes were also a part of the update, including a new grille insert, and the addition of an SL model positioned below the SL/X and SL/E levels.

The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by Monash University, found that first generation Astras (LB/LC) provide a “significantly worse than average” level of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident

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SL: entry-level variant, available only as five-door hatchback, featuring the five-speed manual transmission and 1.6-litre engine combination.

The brake setup for the LD series Astra in any specification was a disc/ drum setup, whereas the equivalent Australian Pulsars had four-wheel disc brakes as standard.

SLX: was the second tier variant fitted with the 1.8-litre engine in coupled to either a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic transmission. The SLX also featured full plastic wheel trims, as opposed to the steel centre hubcap fitted to the SL. SLE: was the highest specification offered, available only as an automatic 1.8-litre. The SLE was equivalent to Pulsar’s GXE specification.

HSV Astra SV1800 HSV Astra SV1800 In September 1988, Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) launched the HSV Astra SV1800, which was a tuned version of the LD Astra. Most of the 65 or so examples employed the sedan body style. Upgrades from the standard Astra were limited to cosmetic and suspension changes, with both “Stage 1” and “Stage 2” suspension setups offered.

Third generation (TR; 1995–1998) In 1995, the Holden Astra name was used again, this time in New Zealand for a model based on the Opel Astra F, Opel being the General Motors subsidiary in Germany. Imported from Vauxhall’s Ellesmere Port plant in the UK, this third-generation Astra model and was sold as a fourdoor sedan, five-door hatchback and five-door wagon.

AUSSIE MOTORING

Holden in Australia did not sell the Opel-based Astra, known as the TR series, until September 1996, after the dissolution of Australian Government Button car plan. This resulted in the collapse of UAAI, the Holden-Toyota alliance, and as result Holden opted to return to marketing rebadged General Motors vehicles. Between 1989 and 1996, the Astra’s role was fulfilled by the Nova, Holden’s version of Toyota’s Corolla (E90 and E100). Unlike New Zealand, the wagon was not offered.

During this period of badge engineering in Australia, General Motors New Zealand had used Opel as one of its main marques alongside Holden and Isuzu. Because the Button plan or local equivalent never existed in New Zealand, the two initial generations of Holden Astra (LB/ LC and LD) were thus never available in that market.

Like the two previous generations, TR Astras were assessed in the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings, and shown to provide an “average” level of protection.

Specification levels •

•

•

Specification levels City: was the introductory model featuring a driver’s airbag, central locking, and power steering. The engine and transmission combination consisted of a 1.6-litre C16SE engine (74 kilowatts (99 hp); 135 newton metres (100 ft⋅lbf)) with a five-speed manual.

GL: editions were fitted with front fog lamps, electric side mirrors and a tachometer over the City, and also featured a 1.8-litre C18SEL engine (85 kilowatts (114 hp); 165 newton metres (122 ft⋅lbf)) with the option of either manual or automatic transmission.

GSi: was the sporty hatchback-only entrant, featuring dual airbags, alloy wheels, sports interior trim and suspension, along with a 2.0-litre X20XEV engine (100 kilowatts (130 hp); 188 newton metres (139 ft⋅lbf)) coupled to a five-speed manual.

Fourth generation (TS; 1998–2005) In September 1998, the Astra was replaced again with a German Opel-engineered, Belgium-built version. Known as the TS Astra, it was equipped with either a 90-kilowatt (120 hp) 1.8- or a 2.2-litre petrol engine and was offered in City, CD, CDXi, SXi and SRi specifications.

The SRi was three-door hatchback only, and the standard Astra was only available with a 1.8-litre 16-valve engine. Models with a 5-stud wheel pattern have the ABS option factory-installed. The Astra CD gained 15inch alloy wheels as standard equipment in circa 1999, replacing the steel wheels with hubcaps previously standard.

The TS Astra model change followed that of the Opel Astra G range, including the sedan, hatchback and convertible. However, the coupé

by Bertone was not offered with a Holden badge. The drivetrain was identical to other cars in the Astra lineup, and as such, was not a bonafide sports car. Like the Astra F, the Astra G was available as a wagon in New Zealand, but not Australia. In 2003, a 147-kilowatt (197 hp) 2.0-litre turbo engine became available. The standard Astra was only available with a 1.8-litre 16-valve engine, and lived on until 2005 as the Holden Astra Classic, alongside the new model. The philosophy behind this was for Holden to remain competitive in the market until the cheaper Viva model was introduced.

In accordance to the Monash University’s 2008 update to the Used Car Safety Ratings, TS Astra models were rated “better than average” in the field of crash safety protection.

•

• • •

City: was the most basic TS model, available as a three- and five-door with a six-speaker audio system, dual airbags, disc brakes, adjustable headlamps, and triple information display. The engine was the 1.8-litre X18XE1 engine with 85 kW (114 hp) (1998–2000) and the uprated Z18XE with 92 kW (123 hp) (2001–2004).

CD: included City features, plus 15-inch alloy wheels, a CD player, ABS brakes, traction control, air conditioning, electronic mirrors, and power windows. Optional equipment available were: front fog lamps, 16-inch alloy wheels, cruise control, and a rear spoiler.

CDX: released in December 2002 for MY03 and added over the CD version: cruise control, front fog lamps, climate control air conditioning, chrome trim around dials, side airbags (curtain airbags were also an option for MY04 models), heated leather seats and leather upholstery, and a larger, higher resolution MFD (multi-info display) with radio info, date, time, outside temperature, trip computer with instantaneous fuel consumption and L/100 km, distance to empty, crucial vehicle alerts (check control) and stopwatch.

SXi replaced the City three-door for MY03 and sold between December 2002 and 2004. Over the previous City three-door, the SXi added front fog lamps and sports trim. Optional features included, a CD player, ABS brakes, alloy wheels, air conditioning, and a rear spoiler.

SRi: released in October 2001 and carried the same equipment as the SXi, but was based on the CD variant except fitted with the 2.2-litre Z22SE engine.

SRi Turbo: introduced in May 2003 as part of MY03 changes, this model is based on the SRi, except fitted with the 2.0-litre Z20LET turbocharged engine and has more standard equipment.

Convertible: released in December 2001 and fitted with the 2.2-litre Z22SE engine. Convertible Turbo models arrived in May 2003 with the 2.0-litre Z20LET engine.

Limited editions • •

•

•

Olympic Edition: Holden produced Olympic Editions of both the City and CD grades edition launched in July 2000, included “Sydney 2000” Olympic badging.

Equipe: was based on the Astra City, but added 15-inch alloy wheels and various combinations of extra features including cruise control, power windows, electric side-view mirrors, fog lamps and rear spoiler. Equipe model were released in April 2001, April 2002, April 2003 and September 2003.

Limited Edition: special edition for the convertible, released in March, 2004. Distinguished by 17-inch five-spoke alloy wheels, pale beige leather interior trim, rear parking sensors and ‘China Blue’ metallic paint finish.

Linea Rossa: special edition for the convertible, released in 2004.

Distinguished by its 17-inch five-spoke alloy wheels, red and black Nappa leather trim, rear parking sensors, unique instrument cluster, Magma Red paint finish and ‘Linea Rossa’ sill plates and floor mats.

In the next edition of Heartland Magazine, we will be looking at the ongoing history of the Astra Fifth generation 2004-2009

Heartland Magazine | 49

TRUCKING HISTORY

The History of Scania Scania AB is a major Swedish manufacturer of commercial vehicles – specifically heavy trucks and buses. It also manufactures diesel engines for heavy vehicles as well as marine and general industrial applications.

Scania AB was formed in 1911 through the merger of Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö-based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania. The company’s head office has been in Södertälje since 1912. Today, Scania has production facilities in Sweden, France, the Netherlands, India, Argentina, Brazil, Poland, Scania-Vabis share, issued 1916 Russia and Finland In addition, there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Scania’s sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide. In 2012, the company employed approximately 42,100 people around the world. Scania was listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm stock exchange from 1996 to 2014.

Scania’s logo shows a griffin, from the coat of arms of the province of Scania (Swedish: Skåne).

History Vabis and Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania AB Scania-Vabis was established in 1911 as the result of a merger between Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö-based Maskinfabriksaktiebolaget Scania. Vagnfabriks Aktiebolaget i Södertelge (Vabis) was established as a railway car manufacturer in 1891, while Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania was established as a bicycle manufacturer in 1900. Both companies had tried their luck at building automobiles, trucks and engines, but with varied success.

In 1910, Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania had succeeded in constructing reliable vehicles, while Vabis was at the brink of closing down. An offer from Per Alfred Nordeman, managing director of Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania, to steel manufacturer Surahammars Bruk, owner of Vabis, led to an agreement in November 1910, and in 1911 the merger was a reality.

Development and production of engines and light vehicles were set to Södertälje, while trucks were manufactured in Malmö. The company’s logo was redesigned from Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania’s original logo with the head of a griffin, the coat of arms of the Swedish region Scania (Skåne), centered on a three-spoke bicycle chainset. Initially the headquarters were located in Malmö, but in 1912 they were moved to Södertälje.

First World War and 1920s Because there were many inexpensive, imported cars in Sweden at the time, Scania-Vabis decided to build high-class, luxury cars, for instance the type III limousine from 1920 that had a top hat holder in the roof. Prince Carl of Sweden owned a 1913 ScaniaVabis 3S, a type which was fitted with in-car buttons Scania-Vabis 2122 1929 so the passenger could communicate with the driver. Scania-Vabis also built two-seat sports cars (or “sportautomobil”).

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For the next few years the company’s profits stagnated, with around a third of their orders coming from abroad. The outbreak of the First World War, however, changed the company, with almost all output being diverted to the Swedish Army. By 1916, Scania-Vabis was making enough profit to invest in redeveloping both of their production facilities.

Following the war, in 1919, Scania decided to focus completely on building trucks, abandoning other outputs including cars and buses. However, they were hurt by the swamping of the market with decommissioned military vehicles from the war, and by 1921 the company was bankrupt.

After some economic difficulties in 1921, new capital came from Stockholms Enskilda Bank owned by the Wallenberg family, and Scania-Vabis became a solid and technically, high standing, company.

Denmark Towards the end of 1913, the company established a subsidiary in Denmark. The following year the first Danish-built car, a fourseater Phaeton, was built at the company’s Frederiksberg factory in Copenhagen. In 1914, the factory produced Denmark’s first ScaniaVabis truck, and following this developed a V8 engine, one of the first in the world. In 1921, having sold around 175 trucks, and 75 cars, the Danish operation was closed down.

Norway In 1917 an agreement was established with the newly formed Norwegian company Norsk Automobilfabrik A/S about production under license of Scania-Vabis cars and lorries. Production began in 1919, but was ended in 1921 after production of only 77 lorries, mostly built from Swedish produced parts.

1930s and 1940s During the Second World War Scania produced a variety of military vehicles for the Swedish Army, including Stridsvagn m/41 light tanks produced under licence.

1950s and 1960s During the 1950s, the company expanded its operations into new customer segments, becoming agents for the Willys Jeep and the Volkswagen Beetle, the latter being very profitable for Scania-Vabis. It also started to become a genuine competitor to Volvo with their new L71 Regent truck which was introduced in 1954.

During this period, Scania-Vabis expanded its dealer network and country-wide specialist workshop facilities. By the end of the 1950s, their market-share in Sweden was between 40 and 50%, and was achieving 70% in the heaviest truck sector – helped by the entrepreneurial efforts of their dealers into the haulier market.

Probably their largest impact was in export markets. Before 1950, exports accounted for only 10 percent of production output, but a decade later, exports were now at 50% of output. Beers in the Netherlands became a very important partner. Beers became official importers for Scania-Vabis in the Netherlands, and established a dealer network, along with training programmes for Scania-Vabis L71 1957 both mechanics and drivers.

Beers also offered free twice-yearly overhauls of their customers vehicles, and offered a mobile service throughout the Netherlands with their custom-equipped service trucks. Due to Beers concerted efforts, Scania-Vabis market share in the country remained at a consistent 20% throughout this period. Scania-Vabis were to adopt the business model of Beers in their own overseas sales operations.

TRUCKING HISTORY

The 1960s saw Scania-Vabis expanding its production operations into overseas locations. Until now, all Scania-Vabis production had been carried out solely at Södertälje, but the 1960s saw the need to expand production overseas. Brazil was becoming a notable market for heavy trucks, and was also dependent on inter-urban buses, with particular requirement for Brazil’s mountainous roads which became nigh-on impassable at times. On 2 July 1957, Brazilian subsidiary ScaniaVabis do Brasil S.A. (today known as Scania Latin America Ltda.) was established and started assembling some vehicles themselves in 1958. On 29 May 1959, a new engine plant was inaugurated in the Ipiranga district of São Paulo, and from June 1960, Scania-Vabis do Brasil assembled all vehicles themselves. Scania-Vabis vehicles had already been assembled in Brazil by a Scania-Vabis LS5646 1967 local company called Vemag (Veículos e Máquinas Agrícolas S.A.) for several years. Scania-Vabis established its first full manufacturing plant outside Södertälje, by building a new facility in São Bernardo do Campo near São Paulo, which was opened on 8 December 1962, and this was to set the standard for Scania-Vabis international operations.

Closer to home, the recently formed European Economic Community (EEC) offered further opportunities. Based on their now strong presence in the Dutch markets, Scania-Vabis constructed a new plant in Zwolle, which was completed in 1964. This new Dutch facility provided Scania-Vabis with a stepping stone into the other five EEC countries, particularly the German and French markets.

In 1966, Scania-Vabis acquired ownership of a then valuable supplier – Be-Ge Karosserifabrik, who were based in Oskarshamn. Be-Ge had been making truck cabs since 1946, and had been supplying cabs not only to Scania-Vabis, but also to their Swedish competitors Volvo. It was normal practice for truck manufacturers to outsource production of cabs to independent bodybuilders, so their acquisition by ScaniaVabis seemed a good move. Be-Ge owner Bror Göthe Persson had also established an additional cab factory at Meppel.

Scania-Vabis continued their expansion of production facilities through acquisitions. In 1967, they acquired Katrineholm based coachwork company Svenska Karosseri Verkstäderna (SKV), and created a new subsidiary, Scania-Bussar. A year later, all bus production, along with R&D was moved to Katrineholm. Further production locations were added at Sibbhult and Falun, and Scania’s employee numbers rose, particularly at Södertälje, which was to help double the town’s population.

Scania-Vabis at some point in their history also manufactured trucks in Botswana, Brazil, South-Korea, Tanzania, the Netherlands, Zimbabwe and the United States.

For some time Daimler-Benz waged a ‘logo war’ with Scania-Vabis, claiming a possible confusion between the Scania-Vabis ‘pedal crank’ design featuring on Scania bicycles around 1900 and the Mercedes ‘three-pointed star’. In 1968, Daimler-Benz won and the ScaniaVabis logo changed to a simple griffin’s head on a white background.

In February 1968, a new range of trucks was launched, and at the same time the company was rebranded as just Scania. In addition to Vabis disappearing from the name and a new logo, all current models received new model designations.

1970s and 1980s In 1976, the Argentinian industrial complex was launched. A few months later, on 10 September, the first gearbox outside of Sweden was manufactured and finally in December an L111 truck became the first Scania made in Argentina. Soon the plant specialised in the

production of gearboxes, axles and differentials that equipped both the units produced in Tucumán and those built in Brazil.

Also in Argentina, in 1982 the Series 2 was launched as part of the “Scania Program”, consisting of the T-112 and R-112 trucks with two cab versions and different options in engine and load capacity.

In 1983, was launched the K112 made in Tucuman (like the rest models) for replace the BR-116.

In mid-1985 Scania entered the US market for the first time (aside from having sold 12,000 diesel engines installed in Mack trucks from 1962 until 1975), starting modestly with a goal of 200 trucks in all of 1987. Scania limited their marketing to the Northeast, where conditions resemble those in Europe more closely.

Many examples of Scania, Vabis and Scania-Vabis commercial and military vehicles can be seen at the Marcus Wallenberg-hallen (the Scania Museum) in Södertälje.

Scania ownership Saab-Scania AB (1969–1995) On 1 September 1969, Scania merged with Saab AB, and formed Saab-Scania AB. When Saab-Scania was split in 1995, the name of the truck and bus division changed simply to Scania AB. One year later, Scania AB was introduced on the stock exchange, which resulted in a minor change of name to Scania AB (publ).

Aborted Volvo takeover On 7 August 1999, Volvo announced it had agreed to acquire a majority share in Scania. Volvo was to buy the 49.3% stake in Scania that was owned by Investor AB, Scania’s then main shareholder.

The acquisition, for 7.5 billion USD (60.7 billion SEK), would have created the world’s second-largest manufacturer of heavy trucks, behind DaimlerChrysler. The cash for the deal was to come from the sale of Volvo’s car division to Ford Motor Company in January 1999.

The merger failed, after the European Union disapproved, announcing one company would have almost 100% market share in the Nordic markets.

Aborted MAN takeover In September 2006, the German truckmaker MAN AG launched a €10.3bn hostile offer to acquire Scania AB. Scania’s CEO Leif Östling was forced to apologise for comparing the bid of MAN to a “Blitzkrieg”. MAN AG later dropped its hostile offer, but in January 2008, MAN increased their voting rights in Scania up to 17%.

Volkswagen Group era Scania AB is 100% owned by the German automotive company Volkswagen Group, forming part of its heavy commercial vehicle subsidiary, TRATON SE, along with MAN Truck & Bus and Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus.

Volkswagen gained ownership of Scania by first buying Volvo’s stake in 2000, after the latter’s aborted takeover attempt, increasing it to 36.4% in the first quarter 2007. It then bought out Investor AB in March 2008, raising its share to 70.94%. The deal was approved by regulatory bodies in July 2008. Scania then became the ninth marque in the Volkswagen Group. By 1 January 2015, Volkswagen controlled 100% of the shares in Scania AB. Controversy In September 2017, Scania was fined 880 million euros (8.45bn Swedish krona) by the EU for taking part in a 14-year price fixing cartel. The other five members of the cartel – Daimler, DAF, MAN, Iveco and Volvo/Renault – settled with the commission in 2016.

In the next edition of Heartland Magazine we continue to look at the history of Scania Trucks, Engines and Buses

Heartland Magazine | 51

SUV & 4WD NEWS Mazda CX-30 Coming in 2020

instrument binnacle as the Mazda 3.

Slotting into the Mazda SUV lineup in the narrow space between the subcompact CX-3 and the compact CX-5 is the new—and curiously named—CX-30. Why isn’t it called CX-4? We asked Mazda: It’s kind of a long story. Regardless, we like the way it looks. Mazda’s designers gave it a more severely forward-canted rear window and chunkier black-plastic body cladding to help differentiate the 2020 Mazda CX-30 from its other crossover siblings. The CX-30 comes standard with impressive technology, both in terms of connectivity and driverassistance features. Equipped with the perky and responsive engine seen in the Mazda 3, the CX-30 suggests it’ll ooze with that enthusiast appeal for which Mazda is famous.

Push-button start, auto-folding mirrors, parking sensors, and satellite navigation are all standard.

Infotainment and Connectivity The CX-30 comes with a standard 8.8-inch screen and Mazda Connected Services, which allows owners to lock and unlock, remote start and monitor their vehicle through the MyMazda app. The CX30 also is equipped with standard Bluetooth, two front USB inputs, and Wi-Fi hotspot capability, and available features include Apple CarPlay/Android Auto integration and SiriusXM satellite radio.

Safety and Driver-Assistance Features There are a number of impressive standard driver-assistance features that come on the all-new vehicle, including adaptive cruise control, lane-keep assist with lane-departure warning, and automated emergency braking. Available features include a head-up display and blind-spot monitoring. Key safety features include: • • • •

Standard automated emergency braking with pedestrian detection Standard adaptive cruise control with stop-and-go technology Standard lane-departure warning with lane-keeping assist Available blind-spot monitoring with rear cross-traffic assist

Overview It’s 120mm longer and 30mm wider than the Mazda 2-based CX-3 SUV, and has an 85mm longer wheelbase – but both cars have the same roof height.

Although rear cross-traffic alert, autonomous emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, lane-departure warning, and traffic sign recognition are all standard, a Vision Technology package ($1500, $1300 on Touring) adds a surround-view camera, driver monitoring, front cross-traffic alert, and front parking sensors.

It’s optional on all models except the range-topping Astina, where the technology is standard. Mazda expects strong take-up – around 30 per cent of 3 buyers have ticked the box, three times the initial expectation.

The G20 Evolve is priced from $31,490 before on-road costs, and gains 18-inch alloy wheels, dual-zone climate control with rear vents, an auto-dimming rear mirror, a leather-wrapped gear knob and steering wheel, paddle shifters, and overhead sunglass storage.

Moving up to the G20 Touring bumps the price to $34,990 before on-roads, while the more powerful G25 Touring costs $36,490 as a two-wheel drive vehicle or $38,490 with all-wheel drive.

It gains keyless entry, dimming exterior mirrors with position memory, front parking sensors, black leather seats, power-adjustable front seats with lumbar for the driver, front parking sensors, and illuminated vanity mirrors.

Finally, the range-topping Astina is offered with the G20 engine ($38,990 before on-roads) and the G25 engine ($41,490 for frontwheel drive, $43,490 for all-wheel drive).

Compared to the Touring, it gets the Vision Technology package, a 12-speaker Bose audio system, adaptive LED headlights, 18-inch alloy wheels, and the choice of black or white leather for the seats. The G25 also gets a powered sunroof as standard.

Mazda expects the low-end G20 Pure to be the best-seller in year one on sale, and thinks 92 per cent of buyers will opt for front-wheel drive.

The new CX-30 will arrive in showrooms during February.

Skoda Karoq 140TSI Sportline 4×4 confirmed All-wheel drive variant to join five-seat SUV range from second quarter of 2020.

A new all-wheel drive version of the Skoda Karoq SUV has been announced for showrooms from around April.

The Czech car-maker’s mid-size five-seat SUV line-up has been confined to front-drive variants since its introduction in 2018, hampering its sales pitch against the likes of the Hyundai Tucson, Mazda CX-5 and Volkswagen Tiguan. However, that will soon change with the arrival of the Karoq 140TSI 4×4.

It’s a very close dimensional match for the Kia Seltos, and Mazda says it fills a gap for people who want something larger than a CX-3, but don’t want to stretch to the CX-5. Just don’t call it a CX-4.

Two engines will be offered: a 2.0-litre naturally-aspirated petrol engine in the G20, and a 2.5-litre naturally-aspirated petrol engine in the G25.

The former outputs 114kW and 200Nm, and is only offered with front-wheel drive, while the latter is available with front- or all-wheel drive and makes 139kW and 252Nm. The range kicks off with the G20 Pure, priced from $29,990 before on-road costs. It rides on 16-inch alloy wheels, and the interior is home to the same 8.8-inch infotainment system and 7.0-inch digital 52 | Heartland Magazine

“Our experience has been that Australian customers opt for higherspecification and Sportline variants,” said Skoda Australia director Michael Irmer.

“By mid-year Skoda will have in place its full range of SUVs starting with the Kamiq, through Karoq and Kodiaq. The range will be ‘haloed’ by the Kodiaq RS that’s with us in March.”

The Skoda Karoq Sportline 4×4 is powered by a 140kW/320Nm 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engine mated to a seven-speed DSG automatic transmission and all-wheel-drive.

Riding on 19-inch Vega alloy wheels, the Sportline’s positioning is underlined by a black-accented body kit and a sound enhancer that pipes engine noise through the cabin.

Standard equipment includes a multifunction sports steering wheel,

SUV & 4WD NEWS

Ford says the Escape hybrid can travel around 50km in full EV mode, and at speeds of up to 136km/h – though the small battery means that range will deplete pretty quickly if you run at highway speeds.

The liquid-cooled battery array is stashed under the second row seats, preserving cabin space.

While Ford Australia hasn’t confirmed any other variants, the Escape will also come with the same 134kW 1.5-litre three-cylinder turbocharged engine as the Focus, while the US will get a 186kW 2.0-litre turbocharged four-cylinder engine as well.

Tech-wise, the Escape will be offered with stuff like heads-up displays for top-end Titanium models, while new driver aids include secondgeneration park assist, steer assist avoidance and adaptive cruise with stop/go and lane centring. perforated leather upholstery, LED lighting and stainless steel pedals.

Driving mode select is standard, bringing different driving modes.

As with the existing Karoq 110TSI, the 140TSI Sportline 4×4 features a 479-litre luggage space and removable seats, which extend luggage space to 1810 litres.

Full specifications and pricing for the MY20 Skoda Karoq range will be announced in the coming weeks.

2020 Ford Escape goes hybrid • • •

All-new Ford Escape here in 2020 First ever Ford hybrid for Australia confirmed Digital dashboards, wifi hotspots and smartphone keys will be offered

Ford has confirmed that the all-new Escape will touch down in Australia in 2020, complete with the company’s first plug-in hybrid for the Australian market.

US (Will Australian models get this?) variants will be also offered with an onboard wifi hotspot with the capability to connect ten devices, while a smartphone can also be used to lock and unlock the car, as well as pre-start it and check things like fuel level.

2020 Lamborghini Urus Let’s dream a little, I saw one of these in the servo the other night and had to look a little deeper in to what I would say is the best looking and sounding SUV I have ever had the pleasure to drool over.

Overview While high-performance crossovers have existed for some time, the Urus looks to ignite a more exotic breed of hi-po SUV. Its dizzying price tag and menacing exterior design make the high-riding Lamborghini trendy transportation for professional athletes and celebrities. However, the Urus isn’t all show and no go. Its 641-hp twin-turbo V-8 powertrain and standard all-wheel drive produce thundering sounds and otherworldly acceleration. Along with the agility and feedback of a sports car, this Lambo can tow heavy loads and tackle unmapped roads. Despite sharing parts with less expensive corporate siblings such as the Audi Q7 and Q8, the 2020 Urus is an incredibly entertaining and versatile machine.

Engine and transmission The 2020 Urus is powered by a twin-turbo V-8 that makes a stout 641 horsepower, burbles deeply when idling, and absolutely howls under full throttle. Permanent all-wheel drive and an eight-speed automatic transmission conspire with all that power to enable fantastic acceleration. In our testing, the Urus went from zero to 100 kph in 3.2 seconds and tore up the quarter-mile in 11.4 seconds at 194 kph.

The mid-sized five-seat Ford Escape will be bigger and stronger than the current car, but will also manage to be lighter to the tune of up to 90kg. This is thanks to the Escape’s new modular underpinnings, which are shared with cars like the Ford Focus.

Design-wise, Ford says it’s taken inspiration from cars like the Mustang and the GT for the Escape’s front-end makeover, while its extra size – at 4613mm long and 1882mm wide, it’s 89mm longer than the current car, 44mm wider and has an extra 20mm in the wheelbase – gives it more presence in a sector whose occupants are all increasing in size.

To compare like with like, the new 2019 Toyota RAV4 is 4595mm long, while the current Mazda CX-5 is 4550mm long.

Available from launch, according to the company, will be a 2.5-litre four-cylinder petrol engine version that combines with a small electric motor, a CVT gearbox and a 14.4kWh lithium-ion battery pack to produce a claimed 165kW.

This thing will embarrass genuine supercars off the lights because not only does it have the might of its AWD system for pull, but Lamborghini is very conservative on its performance estimates.

What kind of supercar is this? A $400,000 one.

All we can do is dream and keep dreaming!!

Heartland Magazine | 53

John and Mary Wilson - Scottish pioneers John and Mary Wilson, Scottish pioneers who took The Risk.

Their last child Sparke was born in 1871.

John and Mary Wilson arrived in Sydney from Scotland on the ship Emily on the 9 September 1850. John was a baker aged 25 and Mary a farmhouse worker,

In the following years John and his eldest sons participated in the timber and transport industries. With their earnings the sons were able to invest and take up their own selections.

The family of John and Mary is as follows and where they ended up.

Robert married Charlotte Calf then Annie Mulcahy ended up in Killarney Queensland. Mary Jane Wilson married Donald Lamond who selected Tiree, on Gradys Creek.

aged 24. As assisted immigrants their fare to Australia was 2 pounds ($4) each.

After various places of work around Goulburn, Rhyanna and Crookwell they came to “The Falls”, on the Richmond River in December 1855, with their 3 children: Robert born in 1851, Mary Jane 1854, James 1855. “Cassino” at the time consisted of a half dozen slab and bark huts and the Durham Ox Hotel, where John and Mary gained short term employment.

Over the next 4 years John worked at the boiling down works at Woram near Deep Creek, as part of his employment at Wooroowoolgen Station.

In 1859 John became the overseer / stockman of Roseberry Station whilst returning to Woram each year over winter, for the Tallow season. Over these years Jonh and Mary had another 7 children: George born 1858, Janet 1860, John 1862, Alex 1863, Isabella 1865, Tom 1866 and Annie 1869.

In 1869 John and Mary acquired their own selection, known originally as Risk Homestead.

There are different stories about the naming of The Risk. Whatever story is right they certainly took The Risk.

54 | Heartland Magazine

James died after a fall from his mount at the Coraki Races in 1884.

George Wilson married Sarah Cross, selected on Gradys Creek and became a carpenter around the Kyogle district.

Janet Wilson married William Barker, selected at North Casino and dairied with her family after Willie’s premature death.

John (Jack) Wilson married Maggie Correy, selected at Wiangaree and then retired to Sydney.

Alexander (Alex) Wilson married Annie Smith, selected at Terrace Creek and Brooklyn and inherited Risk.

Isabella Wilson selected Glencoe (at the age of 19) and married James Grieve the part owner of The Richmond River Express, lived at The Risk.

Thomas Wilson married Mary Ann Burke, selected on Gradys Creek and inherited and lived at Wigton near Wiangaree.

Annie Wilson married David Saville of Kyogle but unfortunately died in child birth in 1897.

Sparke Wilson married Phillis Burt, selected Morwood at The Risk.

Many descendants of these sons and daughters remain on the Northern Rivers and the direct descendants of three original family selectors still live and work the family farms, namely the Lamond’s at Tiree, Loadstone, David and Beverley Grieve on Glencoe, Tony, Jillian, Nic and James Wilson on Applegrove and the original Risk selection is still farmed by 5th and 6th generation Wilson’s: Paul, Wendy, Ashley and Emily Wilson.

Written by Bill Wilson (4th generation descendant) June 2019.

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FROM OLD TO NEW AGAIN

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Turn Old Wrenches into Wall Hooks

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Reuse Old Kleenex Boxes as Bag Dispensers 3.

Use Post-It Notes as a Collector when Drilling

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4.

Turn Old Suitcases into Side Tables

2

5.

Use Old CD Cases to Store and Organize Cables 6.

Use Shower Hooks in Your Closet as Bag Holders 7.

Turn Old Tennis Rackets into Mirrors

3

8.

Use Cupcake Wrappers to Prevent Popsicles from Dripping

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Use Mason Jars to Carry Your Salad 10.

Turn Old Utensils into Wall Hooks

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56 | Heartland Magazine

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Heartland Magazine | 57

LIFE by Jeff Gibbs Things You Learn When Life Doesn’t Turn Out The Way You Wanted We often grow up with an idea of what our life will look like when we are at a certain age, more often than not, it is a realistic image, and more often than not, life doesn’t necessarily mirror the image we had for it. At that moment, we can feel inadequate, we can feel like a failure and we can feel that we failed to create the life we want or deserve, but if we take a closer look sometimes the magic is in the journey rather than the destination, it is in the lessons we learn along the way and the changes we have to go through to become the best versions of ourselves.

despair; also known as rock bottom. The good thing about hitting rock bottom is the fact that it allows you to reach to a higher power, ask for help, pray and seek guidance from the creator. If it takes a toll on your faith, let me assure you that you will not make it out of rock bottom easily, however if you use it as a tool to reconnect with God and strengthen your faith and the belief that God has a better plan for you and that his plans will make you happier than you ever thought you will be, you will be just fine. God sometimes gives us what we need rather than what we want, sometimes it is best not to ask questions and try to go against the ebb and flow of what God brings to our life, sometimes it is better to look up and say I know you got this, let go and keep the faith.

You Are Going To Lose Some People

My life didn’t turn out to be anything like I imagined, in fact the image I had for my life doesn’t even come close to what it is now, and even though I do have my days when I brood about it and wonder where I went wrong, I still smile when I look back at the things I learned when the pieces of the puzzle didn’t fit.

You Learn To Steer The Wheel In Another Direction You know how the saying goes “If you don’t bend you will break” You will find yourself face to face with your fears and your worst nightmares, but you will have to face them, even if you don’t win, even if you fall short, even if you will never be the same person again, you will navigate through them to reach your destination. It is exactly like driving, sometimes you get lost, sometimes you take roads you don’t want to take, sometimes you drive alone at night and it can get scary, sometimes you will have to stop at a red light even though you can’t wait to go home, sometimes you will get into an accident and it may or may not be your fault, but the key will always be to keep driving and steer the wheel in another direction, whatever direction leads you back home.

You Will Be Forced To Look Within For Validation If you are a people person like myself, you get your energy and your validation from those around you, you always wonder do they like me? Did I say the right thing? Are they going to speak well about me? Does my boss think I’m smart enough? Will this man stay or will he get bored and leave? You constantly expend your energy on those around you and that sometimes can be the demise of your own identity and personal growth. This may sound like a cliché but it is true, the best way to use your energy is to consume it on yourself first, and be in touch with who you are regardless of what those around you think of you. You have to embrace your flaws and shortcomings while working on them rather than seek validation from those around you. It helps when someone sees something good in us that we ceased to believe and it helps when someone picks us up when we fall, but at the end of the day, it is temporary relief. If you want long-term relief, you need to seek validation from yourself first and welcome the validation of others second, but you should always come first.

You Might Want To Reconnect With God “When we have nothing left but God, we discover that God is enough.” This is one of my favorite quotes to sum up faith and life too. When things don’t go as planned, and when life gets hard, it is easy to sink in a dark hole and drown in a sea of anger, negativity and 58 | Heartland Magazine

It is a part of life, the more you know who you are and seek validation from within, the more people you are going to lose. Some people will not like it, some people will try to bring you back down, some people will hurt you, some people will walk away, some people will give up on you, and others will stab you right in the face. Only a few good ones will stick around and respect the transition, those people are the ones that are in your life to stay and will help you become your best self. I must say this is the hardest lesson, it doesn’t only require strength and self-control, it requires you to never look back, to close some doors that you so wanted to remain open. The hardest part is not letting them go, the hardest part is letting them go knowing you will not let them back in again, knowing that deep in your heart this person will cause you more damage than good and they have to go. In some cases, losing is winning.

It Will Make You A Better Person Finally, when your life doesn’t turn out the way you wished for, it will humble you. It will make you a kinder person, a more sympathetic person, a wiser person, a stronger person, a less judgmental person, a deeper person, or simply it will make you human. You will learn that you can’t be perfect and you never will be, you will learn that you will fail at things you thought you were good at, you will learn that you can be hard to love sometimes, you will learn that you have bipolar tendencies, you will learn that you cannot control your surroundings and you cannot make someone change or someone love you.

You will learn to accept your fate and stop trying to change it. You will learn that life will scar you, and it will hurt you but it will also surprise you-sometimes in a good way, and one day you will look back and be able to connect the dots, one day you will look back and make sense of all the confusion, one day you will surprise yourself when you look at the image you had for your life and realize that it doesn’t resonate with you anymore and it doesn’t matter.

Note: I wrote this back in our Issue 32 of our August 2019 Heartland Magazine. I’ll be the first to admit, this did not come easy to write, I thought long and hard about what I wanted to put in to words and hopefully someone would read it and it may change their life or make them think the same as I was at the time.

After it was published, I was inundated with people thanking me for writing it. I had messages from people saying they had to relook at their lives and do something positive about themselves, others read it to their grand-children and or kids. One lady in tears told me how she read it to her son who was suffering depression and the next day he started talking to her about how he felt and what could he do to make his life more positive.

I have been asked a few times to publish it again, so here it is. I hope you enjoy this and please share this around as it does have a positive message in it.

Regards Jeff

All rights reserved © 2019/2020 Heartland Magazine

Bundaberg. Lady Musgrave Island

17th to 21st Feb 2020. $1,695 per person twin Share. SS $200

The Ginger Factory

Ginger Factory Rum Distillery Hinkler Hall of Aviation Schneider’s Cooperage Guided Food tours visiting 4- 5 farms with fresh farm lunch Mon Repos Leatherhead Turtle Hatching Great Barrier Reef

Lady Musgrave Island

Bus Relocation trip to Mt Isa

29th April 2020 to 3rd May 2020 Included in cost Travelling through Toowoomba, Roma to Mitchell, Tambo Blackall Historical Wool Scour.

Australian Workers’ Heritage Centre.

Mad Mick’s Funny Farm tea and damper.

Qantas Museum.

Australian Stockman’s. Hall of Fame.

Bus travel to Mt Isa. Not included in cost: Meals and Accommodation Waltzing Matilda Centre Winton approx $30 The Riverboat evening cruise and dinner in Longreach. Approx $115 Entry to Artesian Baths, Tambo Teddies (if entry charged?)

Return flight from Mt Isa to Brisbane, airport to home transfers.

Bus travel to Mt Isa and most attractions. Price $560 paid direct when travelling.

Bookings Ph Richard 0429 322 564

Qantas Museum.

Waltzing Matilda Centre

Golf Country Lady Musgrave Island 1,192 hectares surrounding reef. Glass Bottom Boat, swimming snorkelling.

Guided Island stroll.

Barrington Tops - Upper Hunter Valley Fires forced cancelation of this tour.

New dates: 23 to 27th March 2020 5 Days $1,488 twin Share. SS $250 Scenic Bucketts Way Gloucester and Barrington Camp Cobark. a cattle station Barrington Tops run by Allan and Diane Shultz, the old fashioned way with horses and dogs.

Barrington State Forest. Featuring World Heritage listed rainforests, wilderness areas and wild scenic rivers.

Rich horse breeding areas through Murrurundi and Scone. Upper Hunter and Denman. Coolmore Horse Stud.

Martindale Homestead, Denman.

Rivers Winery– with tastings.

Pukara Olive Grove Hunter Belle Cheeses.

Gourmet foods and Horse breeding A driving tour of the Bengalla Coal Mine Australian Army Infantry Museum Port Macquarie. 2 hour Sunset Cruise Slim Dusty Centre

Slim Dusty Centre

Price $6,990 inc Northern Rivers pickups & Flights SS $884 4th to 17th May 2020 Airport transfers from most Northern Rivers Homes Flights to Mt Isa. Return from Cairns.

Hard Times Mine tour Mt Isa World War II Underground Hospital Mary Kathleen. Old Uranium township Cloncurry John Flynn Place a museum dedicated to Rev. John Flynn. Founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Artesian Water Bores.

Julia Creek. Cattle Station tour Hard Times Mine Tour Boodjamulla National Park. (Lawn Hill) Cruise Lawn Hill Gorge. Adels Grove Burketown. Karumba Bird and Wildlife Cruise, Fishing.

Gulflander, Aka “The Rattler” or “The Tin Hare” Train ride between Normanton and Croydon, Gulf Developmental Rd. Georgetown: Undara Lava Tubes. Innot Thermal Springs.

Coffee Works, A Bottomless Tasting.

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Heartland Magazine | 59

60 | Heartland Magazine

THIS MONTH IN HISTORY January 14 1830 - Captain Charles Sturt discovers that the Murrumbidgee River flows into the Murray.

1699 - English sea explorer William Dampier sets out to chart the northwest coast of Australia.

1812 - The first public water mill in New South Wales is opened.

1841 - The highest flood in Brisbane’s recorded history occurs.

January 15 1976 - The first episode of the Australian drama series “The Sullivans” is broadcast.

1991 - The Victoria Cross for Australia is created by letters patent signed by HM Elizabeth II. 2004 - The first freight train departs from Adelaide, bound for Darwin, on the newly completed AustralAsia Railway.

January 16 1909 - Australian geologists Douglas Mawson and Edgeworth David become the first to reach the magnetic South Pole.

1793 - Free settlement commences in Australia.

1837 - The “Proclamation Establishment of Government in SA” is printed on South Australia’s first printing press.

1889 - Cloncurry, Queensland, records Australia’s highest shade temperature to date.

January 17 1773 - Captain James Cook’s ship, the ‘Resolution’, becomes the first known ship to cross the Antarctic Circle.

1944 - Meat rationing is introduced throughout Australia, a result of World War II. 1968 - Australian singing group ‘The Seekers’ are named Australians of the Year for 1967.

January 18 1825 - Hume and Hovell return from their successful exploration overland to Port Phillip.

1788 - Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet of convicts arrive at Botany Bay. 1977 - 83 are killed in the Granville railway disaster, Australia’s worst train disaster to date.

2003 - Firestorms begin their onslaught on Canberra, capital of Australia.

January 19 1790 - The second fleet of convicts sets sail from England to New South Wales.

1887 - The first express train runs between Melbourne and Adelaide as the two cities are linked by rail.

1955 - The board game ‘Scrabble’ makes its debut in Australia and the UK. 1966 - Australia’s longest-serving Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, resigns.

1966 - A farmer in Tully, far north Queensland, reports finding a ‘flying saucer nest’.

January 20 1803 - Superintendent of public works, Charles Grimes, arrives at the Mornington Peninsula, now a popular holiday spot, where he pronounces it unsuitable for settlement.

1880 - Bushranger Captain Moonlite is hanged.

1958 - After almost 28 years, the Royal Australian Naval College returns to Jervis Bay. January 21 1815 - The first road is completed over the Blue Mountains in NSW, under the direction of William Cox. 1827 - The entire Australian continent is claimed as British territory when Major Edmund Lockyer formally annexes the western third at King George Sound.

January 22 1788 - Captain Arthur Phillip names Manly Cove in Sydney.

1899 - Leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss a federation bill.

1988 - Tennant Creek, Australia, is hit by three earthquakes, one registering 6.7 on the Richter scale.

January 23 1939 - The waterside Workers’ Strike, which earns Robert Menzies the nickname of ‘Pig-Iron Bob’, finally ends after nine weeks.

January 24 1788 - French ships are noted outside Botany Bay just two days

before Captain Arthur Phillip takes formal possession of New South Wales.

1903 - The Golden Pipeline, a massive engineering undertaking bringing vital water to the Western Australian goldfields, is opened.

January 25 1885 - One of Australia’s earliest rail disasters occurs at Cootamundra in New South Wales.

1973 - The Northern Territory sees the latest arrival of the monsoon, to date.

1974 - The devastating 1974 Brisbane floods begin.

January 26 1788 - Today is Australia Day, commemorating the arrival of the First Fleet at Port Jackson, New South Wales.

1808 - Governor William Bligh is overthrown in the “Rum Rebellion”.

2013 - A series of tornadoes rips through southeast Queensland, causing major damage.

January 27 1919 - The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic reaches New South Wales.

January 28 2007 - Harry Melbourne, creator of the Freddo Frog, dies at age 94 January 29 1817 - NSW Governor Lachlan Macquarie signs the charter to incorporate Australia’s first bank, the Bank of New South Wales.

1895 - It is agreed at a conference of Australian Premiers that forming a Federal Constitution is a priority.

1957 - Danish architect Joern Utzon is named as the winner of the competition to find a designer for the new Sydney Opera House.

January 30 1774 - Captain Cook sails closer to the South Pole than any known person has previously sailed.

1854 - The first Cobb & Co coach departs Melbourne for the Forest Creek goldfields.

January 31 1798 - Australia’s first public clock tower is completed.

1839 - Colonial newspaper ‘The Australian’ announces that Moreton Bay is to be opened for selection.

1839 - Gawler, South Australia’s first inland country town, is established.

February 1 1858 - The first balloon flight in Australia occurs.

1915 - Opal is first discovered in Coober Pedy, Australia.

February 2 1895 - Queen Victoria gives Royal assent to the Bill allowing South Australian women the right to vote.

February 3 1788 - The first Christian church service is conducted in the colony of New South Wales.

1830 - George Robinson sets off on a four-year walk around Tasmania as missionary to the Aborigines.

1899 - It is decided at the Premier’s Conference that the capital city of Australia should be neither Melbourne nor Sydney.

1954 - Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first reigning monarch to visit Australia.

February 4 1939 - The first ever mass strike of indigenous Australians occurs as the Yorta Yorta people protest against their deplorable living conditions.

February 5 1869 - The world’s largest recorded gold nugget is found in Victoria, Australia. 1869 - The first permanent white settlers arrive in Darwin, Australia.

1947 - Australia’s first cloud-seeding experiment resulting in artificially produced rain is carried out at Bathurst, New South Wales.

2002 - It is reported that the remains of a Tasmanian tiger have been found on the Eyre Peninsula.

continued page 63

Heartland Magazine | 61

HALL OF FAME - LEAVE IT TO BEAVER

Leave It to Beaver was a black-and-white American television sitcom about an inquisitive and often naïve boy, Theodore “The Beaver” Cleaver (portrayed by Jerry Mathers), and his adventures at home, school, and around his suburban neighborhood. The show also starred Barbara Billingsley and Hugh Beaumont as Beaver’s parents, June and Ward Cleaver, and Tony Dow as Beaver’s brother Wally. The show has attained an iconic status in the United States, with the Cleavers exemplifying the idealized suburban family of the mid-20th century.

Leave It to Beaver is one of the first primetime sitcom series written from a child’s point of view. Like several television dramas and sitcoms of the late 1950s and early 1960s (Lassie and My Three Sons), Leave It to Beaver is a glimpse of middle-class American boyhood. In a typical episode, Beaver gets into some sort of boyish scrape, then faces his parents for reprimand and correction. Neither parent was omniscient or infallable; the series often showed the parents debating their approach to child rearing, and some episodes were built around parental gaffes.

Leave It to Beaver ran for six full 39-week seasons (234 episodes). The series had its debut on CBS on October 4, 1957. The following season, it moved to ABC, where it stayed until completing its run on June 20, 1963. Throughout the show’s run, it was shot with a single camera on black-and-white 35mm film.

Characters and Cast Casting directors interviewed hundreds of child actors for the role of Beaver but kept calling back Jerry Mathers, an eight-year-old with substantial acting experience. At one of many auditions, Mathers wore his Cub Scout uniform and told casting personnel he was anxious to leave for his den meeting. Connelly and Mosher were charmed with Mathers’s innocent candor and cast him in the title role.

62 | Heartland Magazine

Barbara Billingsley, an actress with experience in several B movies and one failed television series (Professional Father), was then hired to play Beaver’s mother, June. Preteen Tony Dow accompanied a friend auditioning for Johnny Wildlife to the studio, and, although Dow had no aspirations to an acting career, tried out for the role of Beaver’s brother, Wally, and was hired. Several adult candidates then auditioned for the role of Beaver’s father, Ward, but Connelly and Mosher finally signed Hugh Beaumont, an actor and Methodist lay minister who had worked with Mathers in a religious film.

Filming For the first two seasons, Leave It to Beaver was filmed at Republic Studios in Studio City, Los Angeles. For its final four seasons, production moved to Universal Studios.

Exteriors, including the façades of the two Cleaver houses, were filmed on the respective studio back lots. Stock footage was often used for establishing shots.

family are presented in Leave It to Beaver as requisites for a happy and productive life.

Beaver and Wally both attend public schools and are encouraged to pursue college educations as a means to prepare for their futures. Ward and June attended prep school and boarding school, respectively, and both attended college; their sons are expected to do the same. While both boys consider prep-school educations – Wally at the Bellport Military Academy and Beaver at an eastern school called Fallbrook – both remain at home and attend Mayfield High with their friends.

School and homework are often a challenge for Beaver. In “Beaver’s Secret Life”, the boy decides to become a writer in adulthood because “you don’t have to go to school or know nothing ... You only have to make up adventures and get paid for it.” Beaver’s teachers and parents encourage him to value education and the school experience, while helping him to navigate missteps (such as skipping school with Larry Mondello) along the way.

The script for an upcoming episode would be delivered to the cast late in the week, with a read-through the following Monday, awkward lines or other problems being noted for rewrites. On Tuesday afternoon, the script was rehearsed in its entirety for the camera and lighting crew. Over the following three days, individual scenes would be filmed with a single camera.

Actors

Filming was limited to one episode per week (rather than the two typical of television production of the period) to accommodate the large number of child actors, who were allowed to work only four hours a day. Scenes with children were usually filmed first, with adult actors having to wait until after 5:00 pm for filming.

Ward Cleaver Eugene Hugh Beaumont (February 16, 1909 – May 14, 1982)

Themes Education, occupation, marriage, and

Theodore “Beaver” Cleaver Gerald Patrick Mathers (born June 2, 1948) June Cleaver Barbara Billingsley (born Barbara Lillian Combes; December 22, 1915 – October 16, 2010)

Wally Cleaver Tony Lee Dow (born April 13, 1945)

THIS MONTH IN HISTORY continued from page 61 February 6 1832 - The Swan River colony is officially renamed “Western Australia”.

1926 - The South Australian nickname “crow-eater” is first explained in the Adelaide newspaper, the Register.

1938 - Hundreds of swimmers are washed out to sea at Bondi Beach, and four drown, on ‘Black Sunday’.

1989 - The town of Rosewood, near Ipswich, Queensland, experiences a shower of sardine-sized fish.

February 7 1788 - The Colony of New South Wales is formally proclaimed.

1967 - The ‘Black Tuesday’ bushfires devastate Tasmania.

2009 - Today marks the start of the horrific Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, which eventually kill 173.

February 8 1879 - Ned Kelly and his gang converge upon the small town of Jerilderie prior to robbing the bank.

1983 - A vast dust storm sweeps across Melbourne, Australia.

2001 - South Australia adopts the Leafy Seadragon as its marine emblem.

February 9 1884 - Arthur Stace, the man who chalked “Eternity” on Sydney footpaths for 37 years, is born.

1897 - Australian aviator Charles Kingsford Smith is born.

1830 - Captain Sturt discovers Lake Alexandrina, near the mouth of the Murray River.

February 10 1788 - Reverend Richard Johnson officiates at the first marriage ceremonies in the New South Wales colony.

1879 - Ned Kelly’s famous Jerilderie letter is penned.

1964 - 82 men are killed as the HMAS Melbourne and HMAS Voyager collide off the New South Wales coast.

February 11 1861 - Burke and Wills reach the northern coast but are unable to actually reach the sea, due to mangrove swamps.

1788 - The first criminal court session is held in the penal colony of New South Wales.

1867 - The ship ‘Zanoni’ capsizes in the relatively sheltered waters of Gulf St Vincent.

February 12 1814 - Government House, Sydney, issues an official announcement of the new discoveries west of the Blue Mountains.

1851 - The first payable gold is discovered in Australia.

February 13 1743 - Sir Joseph Banks, British naturalist and botanist on Cook’s first voyage, is born.

2008 - The Australian Government formally apologises to the Stolen Generations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

February 14 1779 - Captain James Cook is killed by natives in Hawaii.

1936 - The Walter Taylor Bridge, which crosses the Brisbane River, is opened.

1966 - Decimal currency is introduced in Australia, and the Australian dollar makes its debut.

Sunday, February 14, 1779. : Captain James Cook was killed by natives in Hawaii.

James Cook was born at Marton in North Yorkshire, on 27 October 1728. At age 17 he was taken on as a merchant navy apprentice. Here he was educated in algebra, trigonometry, navigation, and astronomy, which later set Cook up to command his own ship. He completed three major voyages of discovery. On his first, departing in 1768, he commanded the ‘Endeavour’ on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus. He returned to England in 1771, having also circumnavigated the globe, including exploring and charting New Zealand and Australia’s eastern coast. On his second journey which lasted from 1772-1775, he commanded the ‘Resolution’ and the ‘Adventure’ on an expedition to the South Pacific, disproving the rumour of a great southern continent, exploring the Antarctic Ocean, New Hebrides and New Caledonia.

the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, and unsuccessfully sought a northwest passage along the coast of North America.

Returning from this journey, he stopped at Hawaii again. After a boat was stolen by natives, he and his crew had an altercation with the Hawaiians. On 14 February 1779, Cook was speared by Hawaiian natives. It was an horrific end for one of the world’s greatest navigators, and a man who contributed so much to charting previously unknown areas of the Pacific.

Monday, January 17, 1944. : Meat rationing is introduced throughout Australia, a result of World War II. On 3 September 1939, Australian Prime Minister Robert Gordon Menzies announced that Australia was at war with Germany. It was several years before rationing of essential supplies was introduced.

First to be rationed throughout Australia was petrol, followed by clothing in June 1942. A month later tea was rationed, then sugar, and in June 1943, butter was also rationed. On 17 January 1944, meat rationing began. It did not cover all meats: fish, rabbits, chicken, ham and bacon, and offal products were excluded. Rationing of meat finally ended two years after the war, in 1947.

Monday, February 6, 1989. : The town of Rosewood, near Ipswich, Queensland, experiences a shower of sardine-sized fish.

Stories abound of creatures falling from the sky: frogs, shells, fish and even starfish have been known to fall in showers occurring inland, many kilometres from the coast. Usually this is the result of a violent storm causing updraughts, which take creatures from shallower waters into the atmosphere, dumping them somewhere else later. A similar occurrence took place in Rosewood, a small country town near Ipswich in Queensland, approximately fifty kilometres from Brisbane, the state’s capital city. On 6 February 1989 at about 11:30am, hundreds of fish fell over a single two-acre plot of land. The sardinesized fish (which were determined later to actually be bream) came down in a light rain lasting only about five seconds.

Tuesday, February 7, 1967. : The ‘Black Tuesday’ bushfires devastate Tasmania.

Australian summers are often marred by bushfires, and many lives and livelihoods have been destroyed when bushfires have roared across the countryside, out of control. Black Saturday, Black Friday, Ash Wednesday, Canberra, Eyre Peninsula - these have all been major bushfires which have claimed lives.

Although Tasmania has a more temperate climate during summer, it is still prone to bushfires. One of the worst of Australia’s natural disasters occurred on what is known as “Black Tuesday” - 7 February 1967. Fanned by 110-kilometre winds and 39 degree temperatures, around 120 different fire fronts swept through southern Tasmania, including the city of Hobart itself. 62 people died, 1400 buildings were destroyed and tens of thousands of stock animals and native animals were killed. An inquiry later found that 88 of the fires had been deliberately lit by arsonists, or were the result of breakaways from rubbish dumps or incinerators, or property owners burning off without permission.

Even today, evidence of the bushfires can be seen in the pale skeletons of burnt trees, present in the bushland on the slopes of Mt Wellington.

On his third journey, commencing in 1776, Cook visited and named

Heartland Magazine | 63

Mudgee is located in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the broad fertile Cudgegong River valley 261 km (162 mi) north-west of Sydney.

Mudgee is at the centre of the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area. As at June 2018 Mudgee had a population of 12,410.

The Mudgee district lies across the edge of the geological structure known as the Sydney Basin.

Indigenous Australians, pre-colonisation until 1850 Historically, the Aboriginal heritage in Mudgee has not been widely told. The traditional custodians of the land were the Wiradjuri nation. The Wiradjuri nation was split and sub-split into many tribes. In Mudgee, the Mowgee clan extended over a 50 km radius. The Mowgee women’s totem was the wedge tail eagle (Mullian) and the men’s totem the crow (Waggan).

They settled around the Cudgegong River, using its resources for food, and water.

The Mudgee district holds many sacred Aboriginal sites and cave painting, some sites with evidence of tool making. Some of the better known and accessible sites include Hands on the Rocks; The Drip; Babyfoot Cave.

Significance of local names Many Mudgee districts were named after the local Wiradjuri tribal areas, including Mudgee itself. The name Mudgee is derived from the Wiradjuri term Moothi meaning “Nest in the Hills” or “mou-gee” meaning “contented”. Others include Lue (Loowee, ‘a chain of waterholes’); Gulgong (‘a gully’); Wollar (‘a rock water hole’); Menah (‘flat country’); Eurunderee (‘a local tree’); Guntawang (‘a peaceful place’), Cooyal (‘dry country’); Wilbertree (‘a long switch’); Gooree (‘native chasing live animal’); Burrendong (‘darker than usual’). The Aboriginal name of the Rylstone area was Combamolang.

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Settlement to 1850 James Blackman was the first European settler to cross the Cudgegong River in 1821 followed quickly

by Lieutenant William Lawson who was then commandant of Bathurst. Lawson would later take up 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) in the area.

George and Henry Cox, sons of William Cox, were the first settlers on the Cudgegong River when they established the Menah run, 3 kilometres north of the current town. The European settlers were soon in conflict with the Wiradjuri over a range of issues including the killing of livestock and animals such as kangaroos and possums which were major food sources for the Wiradjuri. Martial law was declared by Governor Thomas Brisbane in 1824, leading to the killing of a large number of the Wiradjuri people.

While the site of Mudgee was surveyed for a village in 1823, Menah was the original settlement having a police station and a lock-up by 1833. It has been incorrectly claimed that Robert Hoddle designed the village which was gazetted in 1838. Although Hoddle was the first surveyor in the region, marking out the boundaries of Putta Bucca and Bombira, by the time the village was gazetted, he had already left the district to become leader of the Port Phillip Survey. John Blackman built a slab hut, the first dwelling in Mudgee and its general store.

By 1841, there were 36 dwellings, three hotels, a hospital, a post office, two stores and an Anglican church. St John’s Church of England was consecrated on 6 May 1841. The police station moved from Menah in the mid-1840s while an Anglican school was established in that decade as well.

1850 to present In 1851, the population of Mudgee was 200. However, the population skyrocketed as the discovery of gold in nearby Hargraves by Edward Hargraves led to a gold rush in New South Wales. While no gold was found in Mudgee itself, the town prospered as gold was

Mudgee discovered in nearby New South Wales towns such as Gulgong, Hill End and Windeyer temporarily reached populations of 20,000.

Mudgee was a centre for the local goldfields and grew rapidly as a result.

Mudgee was declared as a municipality in 1860 making it the second oldest municipality west of the Great Dividing Range with a population of 1500 in 1861. A public school was built in the 1850s together with the present Catholic and Anglican churches and a Methodist and Presbyterian church. A new police station, courthouse, Mechanics’ Institute and a town hall were built in the 1860s. There were four coach factories operating in Mudgee to cater for the demand of the nearby goldfields. The National Trust of Australia has a number of these buildings registered including the Mudgee Museum (formerly the Colonial Inn), the Catholic presbytery, the court house, the police station and the Anglican Church. On 1 June 1861 the Electric Telegraph system arrived and was opened for messages to be transmitted and received at the Telegraph office.

One of the gold miners attracted to the Mudgee district was Niels Peter Larsen who married Louisa Albury in Mudgee in 1866. They had a child, leading Australian poet Henry Lawson in Grenfell in 1867 and changed their names to Peter and Louisa Lawson. By the birth of their third child, they moved to a selection at Pipeclay (now Eurunderee) 8 km north of Mudgee.

Louisa Lawson’s vigorous lobbying led to the establishment of the slab-and-bark Eurunderee Public School in 1876 with Henry Lawson attending the school for the first time aged nine. He would later write about the school in his poem, The Old Bark School. Lawson would later attend St.

Matthews Central School, Mudgee before his progressively worsening deafness leading to him leaving school at the age of 14. Lawson would live in the Mudgee district until the age of 15 and many of his stories were written about the district.

As the gold mines petered out in the latter half of the 19th century, Mudgee was sustained by the strength of its wool industry as well as the nascent wine industry established by a German immigrant, Adam Roth, in the 1850s. The opening of the railway extension from Rylstone to Mudgee occurred on 10 September 1884.

The railway boosted the town’s agricultural industries. The railway between Rylstone and Mudgee closed on 2 March 1992. This same railway section re-opened eight years later, on 2 September 2000. The Wallaby Track Drive Tour visits various sites associated with Lawson including the old Eurundee Public School, the Henry Lawson memorial, the Budgee Budgee Inn, Sapling Gully, Golden Gully and the Albury Pub which was owned

by Lawson’s grandfather.

In 1890 a local newspaper was founded with the title the Mudgee Guardian and NorthWestern Representative. Its title changed in 1963 to the Mudgee Guardian and Gulgong Advertiser and is currently published twice a week.

Mudgee’s Glen Willow Regional Sports Stadium hosted the 2012 City vs Country Origin rugby league match with an attendance of 8,621, and the 2017 match with an attendance of 8,322.

In the NRL, the St. George Dragons regularly host home matches there, emphasising the importance of the long-term prosperity of Rugby League in country areas.

Additionally, in the A-League, the Western Sydney based Western Sydney Wanderers have chosen to take their Community Round match to Mudgee’s Glen Willow Regional Sports Stadium, as part of their new Regional Strategy, In 2014, the local council found itself involved in a statewide corruption investigation when officers of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales) raided the local council’s offices.

Economy Mudgee has developed as a wine producing region and wine manufacturing is a major part of its economy. It is also heavily dependant on several major mines in the surrounding area.

Other rural produce includes cattle, sheep, wheat, alfalfa, olives, fruit, tomatoes, corn, honey, and dairy products. These, however, do not play as major a role as the mining industry.

The Ulan coal mines are in the district.

During the 19th century, the area was a major goldmining area and the district also produces marble, pottery clays, shale and dolomite.

These mines have further potential to expand in the region, however they are also the topic of local environmental concerns.

Tourism is also a growing industry based largely on the wineries.

Extreme temperatures have ranged from 43.9 °C (111.02 °F) to –8.3 °C (17.1 °F).

Heartland Magazine | 65

LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - MAPLE-GLAZED ROAST CHICKEN WITH APPLES AND CRANBERRIES Prep Time: 15mins

READY IN: 35mins

SERVES 4

Maple-Glazed Roast Chicken with Apples and Cranberries Juicy chicken thighs are roasted in tangy cranberries, soft apples, and covered in a sweet maple glaze for the EASIEST way to do chicken holiday-style!

Ingredients

Roast Chicken with Apples and Cranberries 4 medium bone-in chicken thighs (750 grams) Salt and pepper to taste 1 tablespoon butter 1 tablespoon olive oil 3 medium apples, peeled, cored, and sliced in 1/2-in (3cm) thick slices 1 cup fresh cranberries 3 sprigs fresh rosemary Maple Glaze 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 garlic clove, minced 3 tablespoons balsamic vinegar 1/4 cup maple syrup Salt and pepper to taste

Instructions 1.

Season chicken on both sides with salt and pepper. Heat butter and olive oil in a medium skillet over medium-high heat until pan is hot. Sear chicken 2-3 minutes on both sides.

2.

Remove pan from heat and arrange apples, cranberries, and rosemary sprigs around chicken. Roast chicken at 375F 30-35 minutes or until chicken registers 160F, apples are tender, and the cranberries are bursting.

Maple Glaze

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1.

While chicken bakes, make the sauce: In a small skillet over medium-high heat, heat olive oil then saute garlic in oil until just fragrant. Stir in vinegar, syrup, and season with salt and pepper to taste. Bring sauce to a boil, then reduce heat to medium and let simmer until reduced and thickened, about 10 minutes.

2.

Once chicken is done, drizzle with maple sauce. Enjoy!

LET’S COOK - SUMMER EDITION - TASTY WICKED PEARS

Wicked Roasted Pears with Espresso Mascarpone Cream For the Pears 4 pears, any type (8 pears, if you use the seckel variety) 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 tablespoon sugar 2 tablespoons water 2 tablespoons unsalted butter For the Mascarpone cream 1 cup whipping cream 1 vanilla bean 1 cup mascarpone 1/4 – 1/3 cup sugar 2-3 tablespoons espresso, chilled For finishing cocoa powder toasted ground almonds Make the pears Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Peel pears if you like (not really necessary if you buy organic), halve them lengthwise and core. Place cut side up in a roasting pan and sprinkle with lemon juice. Sprinkle sugar evenly over pear halves and dot with butter. Pour water into the roasting pan and bake pears for 30 minutes, basting with pan juices a few times. Flip pears over and bake an additional 30 minutes, basting with pan juices a few times. Pears are ready when a knife slips easily into the thickest part. (Start checking for done-ness around the 40-minute mark.) Allow pears to cool to room temperature.

Make the mascarpone cream Pour whipping cream into a small bowl. Slice vanilla bean in half lengthwise and scrape seeds into the cream, stirring to evenly distribute. Add bean to cream. Cover bowl and refrigerate for at least an hour, along with the bowl and beater of an electric stand mixer.

Just before serving, pour cream through a fine mesh strainer into the chilled mixing bowl. Add mascarpone and espresso, and beat on medium speed until ingredients are just combined. Increase speed to medium-high and with mixer running, sprinkle in sugar, beating until soft peaks form.

Finishing Top a pear half with a dollop of mascarpone cream. Add one or both of the finishing ingredients to taste.

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NATURAL PRODUCTS - 10 Proven Benefits of Green Tea Green tea enjoys a well deserved health halo. One of the healthiest beverages on the planet, green tea leaves can be steeped to make tea, or sipped whole (in the form of matcha powder). Both the leaves and the tea itself can also be incorporated into cooking. Here’s a summary of 10 green tea benefits, as well as simple ways to include this wonder plant into your daily routine.

effects and ability to guard against oxidative stress, green tea has been shown to protect the heart by reducing total cholesterol, “bad” LDL, blood pressure, and triglycerides, or blood fats. It also prevents the oxidation of LDL, a process that triggers a domino effect, which contributes to artery hardening and heart disease. A higher intake of the beverage is also tied to a lower risk of stroke.

Green tea is overflowing with antioxidants

Green tea protects skin from aging

Green tea contains polyphenol antioxidants that reduce inflammation in the body, a known trigger of premature aging. These antioxidants also proactively protect cells from damage that can lead to a number of chronic illnesses, making it a superfood that offers a broad range of health protection.

Research shows that polyphenols in green tea protect skin from the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light. This helps prevent the acceleration of aging, in addition to offering cancer-fighting and anti-inflammatory benefits. Green tea compounds also help defend against wrinkles, due to their ability to prevent the breakdown of collagen and elastic fibers, which in turn forestall the loss of skin elasticity.

Green tea supports brain health Green tea is known to elicit an alert calm. While it does provide caffeine, green tea also contains an amino acid called L-theanine, which produces a calming effect. The combination of caffeine and L-theanine has also been shown to optimize brain function to enhance working memory, cognitive performance, and elevate mood. Green tea’s ability to counter oxidative stress also makes it a potent protector against neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Green tea is tied to longevity The cells of regular green tea drinkers have a younger biological age than non-drinkers, by about five years. Japanese research also shows that regular green tea drinkers live longer. In one study in older adults, those who drank the most green tea were 76% less likely to die the six-year study period.

Green tea may support weight management In human and animal research, green tea has been shown to rev metabolism and stimulate fat burning. It is also linked to curbing appetite and preventing fat gain by inhibiting a process known as angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels—which fat tissue growth depends on.

Green tea protects against cancer Green tea fends off cancer in a few key ways. The plant protects against damage that can trigger the uncontrolled growth of cells, which can lead to cancerous mutations. The anti-angiogenesis effect that helps prevent fat gain also works to block cancer from spreading.

Green tea supports immunity Green tea antioxidants offer antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects that support immunity. Bonus: Its antibacterial properties also fight bad breath. In addition, green tea acts as a prebiotic, food for the beneficial gut bacteria tied to healthy immunity.

Green tea supports bone density The antioxidants in green tea have been shown to protect against bone loss and reduce the risk of fracture. Animal studies have found that a moderate intake of green tea benefits bone health by improving bone strength and quality. One recent study looked at the connection between polyphenolrich foods, including green tea, and osteoporosis. Researchers concluded that phenols influence bone mineral density by preventing oxidationinduced damage to bone cells as well as by reducing inflammation, which helps support bone building.

Green tea helps balance blood sugar and prevent diabetes A meta-analysis of 17 previously published studies looked at the relationship between green tea, blood sugar control, and insulin sensitivity in humans. Researchers found favorable effects. Green tea helps reduce fasting blood sugar levels, as well as values for Hb A1C, a measure of average blood sugar over the previous three months.

Another study in Japanese adults from 23 communities followed over 14,000 healthy people for five years. Scientists found that the consumption of green tea was inversely associated with the risk of developing diabetes, even after adjusting the data for age, sex, body mass index, and other risk factors. In other words, there is something about green tea that is itself protective.

Green tea supports heart health Once again, green tea multitasks. In addition to its anti-inflammatory

The foods listed are a recommendation only. Consult your doctor if you have any health problems first.

68 | Heartland Magazine

9 youthful beauty Make-up tips and tricks for the over 50’s

Let’s face it – we’re all smart enough to know that make-up alone can’t make us look 20 years younger. Despite what the makers may claim, it comes down to a simple fact of science: our skin ages, full stop.

And while we’re well-versed in the art of anti-ageing skincare techniques and products, we’re less sure of how our make-up can help us look younger.

For many of us, we’re stuck in a bit of a beauty rut, applying the same look and even the same products as we did 5, 10, even 20 years ago. Crepey, caked-on foundation anyone? Dehydrated skin? Thought so!

But with a few simple tweaks, you can make your beauty habits work harder for you. And while they can’t roll the clock back (or your birth date) permanently, they can help you to look more radiant, more rested and more youthful. Think of it as your freshest face possible.

1. Great make-up starts with super skincare Start by applying a rich anti-ageing cream all over your face, which will make skin look instantly younger, then apply a tinted primer to even out skin tone. It’ll help to smooth fine lines and wrinkles too, so your foundation doesn’t fall into the cracks 2. Ditch the heavy foundation for a dewy glow Look for one with anti-ageing Vitamin E and that all important SPF to protect the skin from further damage.

3. Conceal and moisturise After applying your CC Cream, make sure that you have a concealer to hand to add more coverage to areas that need extra help, like areas of rosacea, pigmentation, thread veins and dark under eye circles.

Many concealers are designed to just cover blemishes - these concealers have a drier consistency, which means that they can make skin look older and can make wrinkles look more obvious.

4. Blush like a baby A pop of colour to the cheeks is an instant ticket to being ID-ed for your bottle of Sauvignon Blanc – but not necessarily if you use a powder formulation.

Cream or liquid formulations are definitely the best option. Choose a formulation that has no sparkle or glitter, as this will sit in lines and wrinkles. Opt for a softer peachy tones.

5. Face powder is the enemy Too much powder will make skin look instantly older and makes wrinkles stand out.

Just use a small amount to set your make-up – dust down the T-zone to remove shine and on the eyelids to stop eyeshadow creasing.

6. Your eyes change shape as you age As we age, our eyes can change shape.

Hooded eyelids and more wrinkled skin can make applying eye make-up a real challenge.

Avoid dark heavy colours, which can make hooded eyes appear too dark and smaller, too.

All you need is a ‘wash’ of natural, light coloured shadow on the eyelid and then apply eyeliner after to make eyes ‘pop’ and look instantly younger.

Always apply more eyeliner to the top lash

line than the bottom as this can drag the eyes down - many women avoid eyeliner as they think it is difficult to apply, but just make sure that your eyeliner pencil is soft.

7. Always use black mascara Forget coloured mascara - black mascara is a must-have for every woman.

A good way to add depth is with a tinted primer. Don’t forget to use eyelash curlers first, as this will make look eyes look even bigger.

If you are losing lashes as you age, which does happen, you can always apply some false individual lashes after mascara.

Invest in a lash enhancing serum to use at night which will make your own lashes stronger and longer, and less prone to breaking.

8. Don’t forget your brows As we age, our brows can get thinner, too – so creating a full, good brow can take years off any woman.

9. Choose a lip colour slighter darker than your own A youthful looking lip is full, plump with a healthy ‘hint’ of colour. If you love bright, bold lip colour than go for it - but the most flattering lipstick shade for a more mature lip is one a shade darker than your natural tone.

Lips lose volume as we age, it’s best to apply a really good lip balm before lipstick, this will stop them drying out and they will look softer and more plump.

Heartland Magazine | 69

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SOMETHING DIFFERENT - HOW TO MAKE THE PREFECT COCKTAIL AND 5 RECIPES

T

he key to a great drink is all in the preparation.

Use these guidelines to ensure you get things right—no matter what type of cocktail—every time you pour.

If the cocktail you’re making contains citrus, fruit juice, or dairy, it should always be made in a shaker. Pour the ingredients over as much ice as you can pack in the cup and shake until the outside of the shaker becomes frosty. Then strain and serve.

For all other cocktails, the ideal prep is stirring, not shaking. You want minimal dilution of spirits. But don’t just dunk a spoon in the glass and swirl it around. Stir rapidly and silently, keeping the ice from jumping around and adding air to your drink. Use a long-handled bar spoon and move it quickly around the glass’ exterior, hugging the outside edges. The motion should come from your fingers and wrist, not your forearm.

Margaritas with Mango

Margaritas can be a little strong so dilute with mango nectar if you can get it. If you can’t, peach or orange works just as well for a tropical treat.

Ingredients Serves: 2 3 nips (90ml) tequila 2 nips (60ml) triple sec or cointreau 2 nips (60ml) fresh lime juice 1 mango, peeled, seeded and sliced I cup ice 1/4 cup mango nectar (optional) Directions Preparation: 5min › Ready in: 5min

Strawberry Daiquiri

In a blender, combine the tequila, triple sec, lime juice, mango and ice. Blend until ice is finely crushed. Dilute with mango nectar to your liking.

Ingredients Serves: 8

Vodka Cranberry Kamikaze

Perfect for a warm evening this is a super fruity icy strawberry daiquiri that is packed with strawberries and a touch or lemon, lime and rum.

6 cups ice 1/2 cup white sugar 125g fresh strawberries 1/8 cup lime juice 1/2 cup lemon juice 3/4 cup rum 1/4 cup lemon-lime flavoured soft drink Directions Preparation: 10min › Ready in: 10min In a blender, combine ice, sugar and strawberries. Pour in lime juice, lemon juice, rum and lemon-lime soda. Blend until smooth. Pour into glasses and serve.

Orange liqueur, lime and cranberry juice team up with vodka for a sweet-and-sour drink that’s almost too refreshing!

Ingredients Serves: 1 30ml (1 nip) vodka 30ml (1 nip) orange liqueur, such as Cointreau 15ml (1/2 nip) lime cordial 60ml (2 nips) cranberry juice Directions Preparation:2min › Ready in:2min Pour vodka, Cointreau, lime cordial and cranberry juice over ice in a shaker. Shake until well mixed. Pour into a chilled cocktail glass.

Summer Fruity Sangria

Mai Tai

Ingredients Serves: 8

Ingredients Serves: 2

This is a little different from the classic Spanish recipe, but still a great summer drink using red wine, lemonade, fresh oranges, limes, pineapple and cherries.

1 (750 ml) bottle red wine 1 litre lemonade 1 orange 2 limes 1 cup fresh pineapple - peeled, cored and chopped 1 cup cherries, pitted and halved Directions Preparation: 10min › Ready in: 10min Slice the fruit up into bite-size pieces and place in a punch bowl. You may want to slightly crush the citrus fruits to get a little more of the flavor into the punch.

Pour in the bottle of red wine, and stir in lemonade. Taste as you go along - you don’t want to over-dilute the wine!

A serious rum cocktail with fruity flavours. Use fresh fruit juice if possible for this retro wonder. Some people like to layer it but I shake it cos is easier. Some don’t serve with ice, I do!

60ml white rum 60ml dark rum 30ml orange curacao 30ml amaretto liqueur 30ml sugar syrup 1 small lime, juiced 125ml fresh orange juice ice for mixing and serving Directions Preparation:10min › Ready in:10min Combine all the ingredients - except the orange juice - in a cocktail shaker with some ice and shake briefly till mixed.

Put some ice into medium sized glasses and pour the drink evenly between the two glasses.

Top with the fresh orange juice and stick a wedge of pineapple with a maraschino cherry on the side of the glass.

Enjoy!

The above recipes in no way condone drinking, they are recipes to have a little fun with.

Please drink sensibly, do not drink and drive or drink while pregnant. If you have a drinking problem please see www.aa.org.au or call 1300 222 222 Heartland Magazine | 71

Chris Gulaptis - Member for Clarence Happy New Year to all Heartland Magazine readers. 2019 was a good year for the Clarence and Richmond Valleys in terms of road and health infrastructure delivery from the Nationals in the NSW Government and 2020 is set to be even better.

But I want to start by addressing the challenges of last year’s terrible bushfires. Homes were lost, people suffered and many are still struggling.

If you are among those people, know that help is at hand from your local community, your local government, your state government and your federal government. If you do not know where to turn, please contact my office and we will point you in the right direction.

All three levels of government have worked hard to ease the pain and reduce the risk of this happening again. For example the Nationals in the NSW Government are waiving tip fees and providing recovery grants as well as bringing in tougher sentences against arsonists. The Government is listening. Although not caused by bushfires, Yamba Rotary and Lions lost their sheds to fire in November. Within a few weeks, I was able to convince the NSW Government to sign $5000 cheques to each organisation to help them recover. That is what we do in Australia. We help each other out.

Janelle Saffin - MP Saffin champions TAFE as a pathway to jobs I applaud Heartland magazine for devoting its January edition to school leavers and other young people seeking tertiary education or employment opportunities across the Northern Rivers. I wish them all the best in their endeavours.

I am receiving alarming reports about the Berejiklian-Barilaro Government’s undermining of the TAFE NSW system, which puts at risk staff and courses relied upon by prospective students, young and older.

I have to question why the Government could be spending $6.4 million on change consultants for TAFE NSW while slashing 200 jobs and cutting courses across the TAFE system.

NSW Shadow Minister for Skills and TAFE Jihad Dib recently called on the Government to rule out any further cuts, campus sales or, the worst case scenario, a full-scale privatisation of TAFE. I too am calling out what amounts to an assault on an institution that is a key pathway to a job, a life, and one that needs to be supported as the core to vocational education.

2019 was literally a year of building bridges. Dozens of them. Smaller bridges in country towns, bridges on the new Pacific Highway including the magnificent new structure at Harwood, and of course the new Grafton Bridge which had been promised but not delivered for decades. These bridges link communities, make driving quicker and safer and help our local small and family businesses become more competitive.

It is a valued institution which shapes our society to ensure our young people have the skills and knowledge for all the jobs that our communities need.

Education bridges were built with the opening of the Country University Centre in Grafton and a brand new TAFE presence in Yamba.

TAFE also retrains older workers at different ages who may be looking for new careers following redundancy or other circumstances.

Another highlight was the opening of the state of the art upgrade of the Casino Saleyards, largely funded by the Nationals in the NSW Government. It is a huge boost for the Beef Capital, bringing 21st Century livestock trading and much better environmental and animal welfare outcomes.

2020 is going to be about delivering on roads, health and jobs. The $5 billion Woolgoolga to Ballina Pacific Highway upgrade will be delivered. The new $17.5 million outpatient unit at Grafton Base Hospital will be delivered. The new community health centre at Evans Head will be delivered. Australia’s largest prison near Grafton will be delivered, along with hundreds of great local jobs.

Finally, if you have school age children, remember to claim your sports and art subsidies from the Nationals in the NSW Government.

Each child is eligible for three one hundred dollar vouchers: two for sport and one for cultural activities.

Think hairdressing, electricians, energy, aged care, childcare, real estate, builders, community service workers and more.

An example of the job cuts was the removal of a full-time customer support officer position from the new TAFE Connected Learning Centre in Murwillumbah from Friday, December 13.

I immediately fired off a letter to NSW Minister for Skills and Tertiary Education Dr Geoff Lee, calling on him to reverse the decision, which has alarmed local residents who attend the centre.

A promise was made during the election campaign that no cuts to jobs would occur in the regions and I asked Minister Lee to keep that promise and restore this position to the Connected Learning Centre at Murwillumbah.

Murwillumbah suffered dreadfully in the March 2017 floods and has struggled with recovery, and every job in this town and region is valuable.

A job loss -- even one -- can have a big impact on the economy and on the service provided.

I do hope that Minister Lee can reconsider and reverse the decision to cut this full-time position. It is especially hurtful at this time of year.

SPECIAL DELIVERY: Salvation Army Captain Philip Sutcliffe took delivery of three boxes of toys generously donated by constituents for Lismore MP Janelle Saffin’s inaugural Christmas Toy Drive.

Janelle thanked the Salvos for providing assistance to 230 people from 70 families over the Christmas season, providing gifts and toys and Christmas hampers for each of the families worth a total of $6500.

72 | Heartland Magazine

General advice for helping wildlife during bushfires 1.

Take domestic animals with you if you evacuate or keep cats indoors and dogs under control wherever possible so that wildlife can flee safely through your yard if needed.

2.

Leave out bowls of water for animals and birds escaping fires, use shallow bowls with a few sticks or stones on one side to allow smaller animals to escape if they fall in.

3.

Keep a cardboard box and towel in the boot of your car in case you find an injured animal that you can safely contain without putting yourself in any danger.

4.

If you rescue an animal that has been burnt, do not attempt to feed it, please wrap it loosely, ideally in 100% cotton fabric, place it in a ventilated box with a lid and keep it in a dark, quiet place whilst waiting for a rescuer or for transport to the nearest vet.

5.

If you can safely take injured animals to your nearest vet please do so, as injured animals will require urgent vet assessment. If you can please also call WIRES to let us know which vet you’ve taken the animal to so we can follow up with vet to bring the animals into care when they are ready.

6.

Do not approach injured snakes, flying-foxes, large macropods, raptors or monitors as these must be rescued by trained specialists, for these species please call WIRES first for rescue assistance on 1300 094 737.

7.

If you own a swimming pool and live near where fires are burning there are some simple things you can do to assist wildlife who may be seeking water. Always drape something over the edge of your pool so that animals have a surface to grab hold of and climb out. A length of heavy duty rope or even a bodyboard, secured at one end to something heavy outside the pool, is ideal as it does not absorb water and provides a platform for an exhausted animal to rest on. Pool steps are also frequently too high to allow animals an easy exit and placing bricks or large stones to the side of each step can make it easier for animals to gain a foothold and climb out. Always check your pool regularly (twice daily) including in the skimmer box. If you do find any animal trapped in a pool, call WIRES immediately on 1300 094 737 for advice.

WIRES receive hundreds of calls daily to assist individual animals in distress and we are actively assisting sick, injured and orphaned wildlife 365 days a year. Bushfires and heat stress events unfortunately present an ongoing threat to our wildlife, particularly in the warmer months and when they occur they place additional demands on our limited resources. At all times though, our rescue team and volunteers do their best to provide rescue advice and assistance for all animals as quickly as possible.

The best way to assist our wildlife rescue and care work is by donating to WIRES, as this ensures we can provide the most appropriate help for native animals across the state. Community donations also support our ongoing rescue and care work and enable us to better respond to emergency events as they occur.

Please remember WIRES is a registered charity and we rely on the generosity of the public to continue our rescue and care services. Gifts $2 and over are tax- deductible and you can donate online at any time, making a single donation or monthly donation to become one of our Virtual Carers. Every gift makes a significant difference and we are extremely grateful for the community’s ongoing support of our work with wildlife.

Many Councils report an increase in runaway cats and dogs after a storm or fireworks night and Richmond Valley Council is no exception.

A dog can hear 10 times better than a human. Fireworks typically explode at a staggering 145-150 decibels, so these explosions can be terrifyingly frightening and loud.

As many animals have a fear of fireworks and storms, they often injure themselves trying to escape the noise. Some dogs will jump or dig under fences. Others find their way onto busy roads and can be struck by vehicles.

If you can, it’s best to stay home with your pet, provide her with a comfortable environment and engage her in normal activities. If you’re not going to be at home, make sure you provide her with a safe, secure and comfortable environment. Whenever possible, bring your pet indoors. If your pet has ongoing trouble with loud noises like fireworks and storms, please speak to your veterinarian for further assistance and to discuss all your options.

Here are some simple steps to minimise firework and storm stress in pets: It is possible for many dogs to react to storms approaching before we are even aware that they are developing, as it is believed they are sensitive to changes in air pressure that precede a storm. Another idea is that they can be reactive to static electricity in the atmosphere. If you know a storm is coming, or fireworks are planned, ensure your pets are exercised and well fed before the storm starts. If you know there are going to be loud noises or storms, then it is important to: 1. Provide your dog with suitable comfort and security. A small safe space like a laundry or toilet is ideal. A crate in a garage or inside the house would be the next best alternative (see our handout on crate training). Whatever security zone you choose practice getting your dog to go in and relax there when there is no storm anticipated, and make sure that the area is dog proof and safe.

2. Ideally stay home with the dog or arrange for someone else to. That way they can be fully supervised when the storm hits. Make sure, that this person can exhibit calm behaviour and body language during the storm; dogs are very sensitive to our body language and will pick up on our stress also.

3. Most importantly the area should be secure so they cannot escape if things get really scary. Escaping dogs can get lost or even hit by a car.

4. REMEMBER: Never put the dog in the area as a form of punishment or reprimand – they should only have a relaxed and positive association with this area.

5. Provide your dog with training that helps them to calm down, and be rewarded for calm relaxed behaviour. Teach your dog to seek his secure area prior to the start of a storm and reward them for staying there quietly.

6. Ensure your pets are wearing ID tags and their microchip details are up to date.

7. Restrict the flashes – during an electrical storm, close blinds and curtains and restrict access to windows so the dog won’t be reactive to the flashes of lightening.

8. Desensitise your dog to noises: some dogs are just sensitive to any sudden or loud noises. It is possible to help reduce the anxiety with noises by purchasing (or recording) a CD or tape of storms and noises and starting by playing the recording on a barely audible setting in the dogs presence and rewarding the dog for ignoring the noise. Then over a period of weeks gradually increase the volume, all the time making sure the dog remains calm throughout. Keep increasing the volume until you are approximating a thunderstorm in your living room. Make sure there is no real thunderstorm during each session.

9. A wipe over with an antistatic cloth as the storm approaches may help reducing, any static build up in a dogs coat and increase their comfort during the storm.

10. In more severe cases it can be kinder to medicate, providing a sedative for the duration of the storm.

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and be sure to report it.

Protect yourself from scams

Beware of any requests for your details or money. Never send money or give credit card details, online account details or copies of personal documents to anyone you don’t know or trust. Don’t agree to transfer money or goods for someone else: money laundering is a criminal offence.

Scammers are getting increasingly sophisticated in their attempts to get your money or personal details. Be alert and protect yourself from being scammed by following our tips.

Be wary of unusual payment requests. Scammers will often ask you to use an unusual payment method, including preloaded debit cards, gift cards, iTunes cards or virtual currency such as Bitcoin.

Scams target everyone

Be careful when shopping online. Beware of offers that seem too good to be true, and always use an online shopping service that you know and trust. Think twice before using virtual currencies (like Bitcoin) - they do not have the same protections as other transaction methods, which means you can’t get your money back once you send it.

Scams target people of all backgrounds, ages and income levels across Australia. There’s no one group of people who are more likely to become a victim of a scam, all of us may be vulnerable to a scam at some time.

Scams succeed because they look like the real thing and catch you off guard when you’re not expecting it. Scammers are getting smarter and taking advantage of new technology, new products or services and major events to create believable stories that will convince you to give them your money or personal details.

Online shopping scams

Protect yourself

How this scam works

Be alert to the fact that scams exist. When dealing with uninvited contacts from people or businesses, whether it’s over the phone, by mail, email, in person or on a social networking site, always consider the possibility that the approach may be a scam. Remember, if it looks too good to be true, it probably is.

While many online sellers are legitimate, unfortunately scammers can use the anonymous nature of the internet to rip off unsuspecting shoppers.

Know who you’re dealing with. If you’ve only ever met someone online or are unsure of the legitimacy of a business, take some time to do a bit more research. Do a Google image search on photos or search the internet for others who may have had dealings with them. If a message or email comes from a friend and it seems unusual or out of character for them, contact your friend directly to check that it was really them that sent it.

Do not open suspicious texts, pop-up windows or click on links or attachments in emails – delete them: If unsure, verify the identity of the contact through an independent source such as a phone book or online search. Don’t use the contact details provided in the message sent to you.

Don’t respond to phone calls about your computer asking for remote access – hang up – even if they mention a well-known company such as Telstra. Scammers will often ask you to turn on your computer to fix a problem or install a free upgrade, which is actually a virus which will give them your passwords and personal details.

Keep your personal details secure. Put a lock on your mailbox and shred your bills and other important documents before throwing them out. Keep your passwords and pin numbers in a safe place. Be very careful about how much personal information you share on social media sites. Scammers can use your information and pictures to create a fake identity or to target you with a scam.

Keep your mobile devices and computers secure. Always use password protection, don’t share access with others (including remotely), update security software and back up content. Protect your WiFi network with a password and avoid using public computers or WiFi hotspots to access online banking or provide personal information.

Choose your passwords carefully. Choose passwords that would be difficult for others to guess and update them regularly. A strong password should include a mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers and symbols. Don’t use the same password for every account/profile, and don’t share your passwords with anyone.

Review your privacy and security settings on social media.

If you use social networking sites, such as Facebook, be careful who you connect with and learn how to use your privacy and security settings to ensure you stay safe. If you recognise suspicious behaviour, clicked on spam or have been scammed online, take steps to secure your account 74 | Heartland Magazine

Online shopping scams involve scammers pretending to be legitimate online sellers, either with a fake website or a fake ad on a genuine retailer site.

Scammers use the latest technology to set up fake retailer websites that look like genuine online retail stores. They may use sophisticated designs and layouts, possibly stolen logos, and even a ‘.com.au’ domain name and stolen Australian Business Number (ABN).

Many of these websites offer luxury items such as popular brands of clothing, jewellery and electronics at very low prices. Sometimes you will receive the item you paid for but they will be fake, other times you will receive nothing at all.

The biggest tip-off that a retail website is a scam is the method of payment. Scammers will often ask you to pay using a money order, pre-loaded money card, or wire transfer, but if you send your money this way, it’s unlikely you will see it again or receive your purchased item.

A newer version of online shopping scams involves the use of social media platforms to set up fake online stores. They open the store for a short time, often selling fake branded clothing or jewellery. After making a number of sales, the stores disappear. They also use social media to advertise their fake website, so do not trust a site just because you have seen it advertised or shared on social media. The best way to detect an fake trader or social media online shopping scam is to search for reviews before purchasing.

Warning signs A product is advertised at an unbelievably low price, or advertised to have amazing benefits or features that sound too good to be true.

The other party insists on immediate payment, or payment by electronic funds transfer or a wire service. They may insist that you pay up-front for vouchers before you can access a cheap deal or a give-away.

The social media based store is very new and selling products at very low prices. The store may have limited information about delivery and other policies.

An online retailer does not provide adequate information about privacy, terms and conditions of use, dispute resolution or contact details.

The seller may be based overseas, or the seller does not allow payment through a secure payment service such as PayPal or a credit card transaction.

Protect yourself Check if the website or social media page has a refund or returns policy, and that their policies sound fair. The better online shopping and auction sites have detailed complaint or dispute handling processes in case something goes wrong.

When using retail websites, find out exactly who you are dealing with.

If it is an Australian company, you are in a much better position to sort out the problem if something goes wrong.

When making online payments, only pay for items using a secure payment service—look for a URL starting with ‘https’ and a closed padlock symbol, or a payment provider such as PayPal. Think twice before using virtual currencies such as bitcoin—they do not have the same protections as other transaction methods so you can’t get your money back once you send it.

Avoid any arrangement with a stranger that asks for up-front payment via money order, wire transfer, international funds transfer, pre-loaded card or electronic currency, like Bitcoin. It is rare to recover money sent this way. Never send money or give credit card or online account details to anyone you don’t know or trust.

How to spot a fake Clues for spotting a fake document Documents are easily faked. Some will look just like the real thing but others might have warning signs, such as: • • • • •

generic rather than personal greeting names of organisations that don’t exist poorer quality presentation poorer quality grammar and spelling overly official or forced language.

Documents such as flight itineraries and bank statements have simple, uncomplicated layouts even when they are legitimate because such businesses allow their customers to print online statements. This means that scammers can easily create fake documents by using information available online such as company logos and graphics from websites.

Clues for spotting a fake email Scammers can easily fake an official-looking email, using the same logo and design as the real company.

Often your guard is down when you receive an email from a company you’ve dealt with before, such as Australia Post or an online shopping site you use. If you’re not expecting an email, always be alert to a fake before clicking on any links or opening any attachments.

Clues for spotting a fake dating profile

wants to escape him but needs money to do so.

These are only a few of the follow up approaches scammers may use try to get more money from you. New approaches could be quite different from the original scam and could come quickly or some time later. Scammers may have passed your details to other scammers who use entirely different methods and the new approach may seem totally unrelated to the original scam.

Nigerian scams Nigerian scams involve someone overseas offering you a share in a large sum of money or a payment on the condition you help them to transfer money out of their country. While these scams originated in Nigeria, they now come from all over the world.

How this scam works The scammer will contact you out of the blue by email, letter, text message or through social media.

The scammer will tell you an elaborate story about large amounts of their money trapped in banks during events such as civil wars or coups, often in countries currently in the news. Or they may tell you about a large inheritance that is ‘difficult to access’ because of government restrictions or taxes in their country. The scammer will then offer you a large sum of money to help them transfer their personal fortune out of the country.

These scams are often known as ‘Nigerian 419’ scams because the first wave of them came from Nigeria. The ‘419’ part of the name comes from the section of Nigeria’s Criminal Code which outlaws the practice.

These scams now come from anywhere in the world.

Scammers may ask for your bank account details to ‘help them transfer the money’ and use this information to later steal your funds.

Or they may ask you to pay fees, charges or taxes to ‘help release or transfer the money out of the country’ through your bank. These fees may even start out as quite small amounts. If paid, the scammer may make up new fees that require payment before you can receive your reward. They will keep asking for more money as long as you are willing to part with it.

You will never be sent the money that was promised.

Warning signs

When looking at a new dating profile, note anything unusual about their choice of:

You receive a contact out of the blue asking you to ‘help’ someone from another country transfer money out of their country (e.g. Nigeria, Sierra Leone or Iraq).

• • • •

photo location interests language skills matched to background.

The request includes a long and often sad story about why the money cannot be transferred by the owner. This typically involves some type of conflict or inheritance and they may want to move the money straight into your account.

Scammers often use fake photos they’ve found online.

You are offered a financial reward, such as a share in the amount, for helping them access their ‘trapped’ funds. The amount of money to be transferred, and the payment that the scammer promises to you if you help, is usually very large.

Tip: Do an image search of your admirer to help determine if they really are who they say they are. You can use image search services such as Google or TinEye. Follow up scams Scammers will often try to take advantage when you’re feeling vulnerable and try to extract more money from you through a follow up scam.

Some common follow up scams include: • • •

offers from a law enforcement agency to investigate your scam and retrieve your money for a fee. Law enforcement agencies do not charge for their services a doctor calling you to alert you that the scammer urgently needs medical bills to be paid or they might die a woman contacting you to explain she is the scammer’s wife and

They will claim that a bank, lawyer, government agency or other organisation requires some fees to be paid before the money can be moved. The scammer will often ask you to make payments for the fee via a money transfer service.

To report a scam, please go to the following website for advice and contact details.

www.scamwatch.gov.au/report-a-scam

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

76 | Heartland Magazine

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

MOBILE PHONE USE - WHAT’S LEGAL AND ILLEGAL USE LEGAL MOBILE PHONE USE

ILLEGAL MOBILE PHONE USE All other functions including video calling, texting, emailing, social media, web browsing and photography are prohibited unless parked.

It is also illegal to hold and use a mobile phone at any time while driving or riding.

Using a Digital Driver Licence It’s illegal to access your Digital Driver Licence when driving, including when stationary, unless you’re asked to do so by a police officer. Penalties apply.

Learner, P1 and P2 licence holders Restricted licences holders including learner, P1 and P2 drivers and riders are not permitted to use their phone at all while driving or riding. This includes use of hands-free and Bluetooth functions.

Illegal mobile phone use will result in heavy penalties including demerit points and fines, which could mean the loss of your licence.

Tip: Avoid temptation and keep your phone in your bag or glovebox.

Unrestricted licence holders and all bicycle riders Full licence holders and bicycle riders are permitted to use particular mobile phone functions. These include making or answering a phone call, or playing audio, if the phone: · Is secured in a cradle; or · Can be used without touching any part of the phone (e.g. Bluetooth).

This also includes using a mobile phone as a driver’s aid (e.g. navigation) if the phone is secured in a cradle.

Tip: Using a mobile phone legally can still be distracting. Consider the traffic conditions before using your phone.

Mobile phone detection cameras The mobile phone detection camera program enforcing illegal mobile phone use by drivers commences on 1 December 2019.

The program will include fixed and transportable cameras that will commence operating at locations across the network. Coupled with ongoing enforcement by NSW Police, these cameras will target illegal mobile phone use anywhere, anytime.

Warning letters relating to camera-detected offences will be issued for the first three months. Following this period, the penalty for offending drivers is five demerit points and a $344 fine ($457 in a school zone). The penalty increases to 10 demerit points during double demerit periods.

Heartland Magazine | 77

Casino Quota Club: Meeting 2nd Tuesday of every month. 6:30 pm for 7 pm start at the Baptist Church House Casino.

Enquiries to Lenore on 0414 918 167 or email: casinoquota@gmail.com Grow Group: 1800 558 268 Lion's Club Casino: Lion's Club meeting is held on the 2nd and 4th Wednesday each month at RSM from 6:30- 7:00.

Square Dancing: Square Dancing: a great way to meet new friends. Bright toe-tapping music. It's fun and healthy too. Singles and couples welcome. Club dances Thursday afternoon and Friday nights. Contact Francis on 0407 663 017.

Casino Vision Impaired: Support group for anyone who is blind or vision impaired e.g.

Macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts. Meeting on the first Monday of each month at the Baptist Church hall at 10:00.

Have an outing each month. Anyone can come who is there to support their partners, carers or family. For more details ring Denise Green on 0448 014 682.

The Casino Community Men's Shed: The Casino Community Men's Shed is open Mondays to Wednesdays, 8:30am to 2:00pm. Membership is open to males and females. For more information contact us on phone No. 02 6662 6423 or email us on casmenshed@live.com.au or find us on Facebook.

Kyogle Sunshine Club: Meets every Thursday at 9:30am. In the Supper Room. Come and enjoy a day of fun, morning tea and lunch. All welcome. For more detail contact 0499 824 274.

Casino Richmond River Country Music Club Social Day: come on down for some country music. Counter meals also available. All singers and musician’s welcome! 3rd Sunday of every month at the RSM, 11am.Enquiries to Gloria New Ph 02 6662 2625 CWA Meeting Dates: CWA Meeting The CWA meeting will be held on the 3rd Thursday of the month at the Casino Community Cultural Centre at 9:00 am. For further information please contact Allison on Ph: 0400 956 404 CWA Craft.

The CWA and friends will meet in the Casino library at 9:00 am on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. For further in information please contact Diane on 6663 3144 or Vivian on 6662 1838.

Casino Mini Rail Every Sunday 10am to 4pm Weather permitting Casino View Club holds its monthly luncheon meeting at Casino RSM club 11 am on the second Thursday of the month. Any further inquiries or to book lunch please contact Barbara on 6661 2530 Casino Croquet Club members are reminded that play will be recommencing from Wednesday February 6th at 8.30am for play before 9am. New members (male or female) are invited to come along for some free trial lessons with our Captain Mary & newly qualified coach, Leonie . For further information contact Mary on 66621971 Richmond River Beef Produces Association Meet on the 2nd Wed of every month at Kyogle Showgrounds in the luncheon room at 7pm. For more details Phone Lyn on 0427 293 455.

Social Dancing Want to put the beat back into your feet and great exercise come along to St Mark’s Dance Group in the Back-Hall Casino. Access via Simpsons Parade, every Tuesday 7-9pm. (Cost is $3) A Social is held on the first Saturday night 7.30-11pm. (Cost $5 and please bring a plate for 78 | Heartland Magazine

supper) Lucky door Prizes & Raffles are held at these. All welcome, more information please phone Maggie on 6662 4060 or 0402 104 195 Casino Rotary Club Meets each Monday at Casino RSM Club 6.15pm starts at 6.30pm Contact secretaryrccasino@gmail.com St Marks Dance Group Saturday night social the 1st Saturday of the month.

McKees Hill Bowls Club Indoor bowls every Sunday at McKees Hill Hall. Commencing at 1pm. $3 for the afternoon of bowls. Contact Frank 6683 2327 Lions Club of Kyogle Fourth Lions Club in Australia ‘’ Proud of it ‘’ Lions Club meeting is held on the 1st & 3rd Tuesday each Month @ the Kyogle Bowling Club from 6.30 – 7.00. Visitor and New Members Most Welcome For more information contact Neville Moon 663 22233 Casino Mixed Probus Club Meet on the 4th Thursday of the month at the Casino RSM Club at 10am.For information call the secretary on 0419 886 119 The Casino & District Historical Society Museum is open for visitors Sunday, Monday, Wednesday and Friday 10am to 2pm.

Adults $5, Children and Students free. Bus trips are welcome. Yearly Membership $15, Couples $25 . General Meetings are held 2nd Saturday - March, June, Sept, November 10am in Museum. All welcome.

Email casinohistorymuseum@outlook.com for further information. We are on facebook.

To have a notice in Save the Date, Call Sharon on 02 6662 6222

Weekly Markets Lismore Organic Market: Every Tuesday, 7:30am–11am Murwillumbah Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 7am–11am Nimbin Farmers Market: Every Wednesday, 3pm–6pm Byron Farmers Market: Every Thursday, 8am–11am Lismore Produce Market: Every Thursday, 3:30pm–7pm Mullumbimby Farmers Market: Every Friday, 7am–11am Bangalow Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Blue Knob Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8.30am–12pm Byron Bay Saturday Artisan Market: Every Saturday, 4pm–9pm Kyogle Farmers & Crafts Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Lismore Farmers Market: Every Saturday, 8am–11am Uki Produce Market: Every Saturday, 8am–12pm Drake Hall Markets: Last Saturday of the month, 9am-2pm Tabulam Community Market Second Sunday of the month, 9am-2pm Ballina Missingham Farmers Market: Every Sunday, 6am–12pm Brunswick Heads Market Day: First Saturday of each Month.

Barraba Markets 2nd Saturday of the month Hallsville Country Market 4th Sunday of the month Manilla CWA Markets 4th Sunday of the month Tamworth Growers’ Markets Every Saturday Tamworth Peel Street Markets 3rd Sunday of the month Singleton Sunday Markets 2nd Sunday of the month Maitland Markets First Sunday of every month Bathurst Farmers’ Markets Fourth Saturday of the month Twilight Food Market - Coffs Harbour Every Friday from October to April Kingscliff Markets Second and fourth Saturday of every month Jindabyne Hall Markets First Saturday each month Hunter Wine Country Markets Every Saturday Wauchope Farmers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Albury Wodonga Farmers Market Every Saturday Wellington Rotary Markets Fourth Saturday of each month(closed January) Yass Community Markets First and third Saturday of the month Bollywood Beach Markets First and fourth Saturday of each month

Dungog Local Growers Stall Every Saturday of the month The Entrance Market Every Saturday of the month Kiama Makers and Growers Market Fourth Saturday of the month Coonabarabran Townlife Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Nimbin Markets Every fourth and fifth Sunday of the month Newcastle City Farmers Market Every Sunday Griffith Rotary Market Every Sunday from 8am to 12 noon Yamba River Markets Fourth Sunday of the month Avoca Beachside Markets Fourth Sunday of each month Gunning Markets Every Sunday of the month Gosford Monthly Market First Saturday of each month Eat Street Wollongong Every Thursday Young and Region Farmers Markets First, third and fifth Saturday each month Dubbo Riverside Markets Second Sunday of each month Gulgong Markets Every fourth Saturday Toronto Monthly Markets First Thursday of each month Berry Produce Market Twice a month on the second Saturday and fourth Sunday Batemans Bay Sunday Market The first and third Sunday every month

Every FIRST Saturday Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every FIRST Sunday Lismore Car Boot Market: Iluka Markets - Ken Leeson Oval: Every SECOND Saturday Byron Flea Market: Woodburn Markets: Every SECOND Sunday The Channon Craft Market Lennox Community Market Tabulam Live Music Jam Session Second Sunday of the Month Behind the Co-op.

Every THIRD Saturday Mullumbimby Community Market: Murwillumbah Cottage Market: Every THIRD Sunday Ballina Market: Lismore Car Boot Market: Murwillumbah Market: Uki Buttery Bazaar Market: Every FOURTH Saturday Evans Head Riverside Market: Every FOURTH Sunday Bangalow Market: Casino Riverside Markets: Kyogle Bazaar: Nimbin Market: Every FIFTH Sunday Lennox Community Market: Nimbin Market:

If we have forgotten your community’s market, please contact us and let us know so we can include it in our next edition!

All dates are correct at time of publication

Heartland Magazine | 79

HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers will be published in Issue 38

Answers for Issue 36 Page 80

80 | Heartland Magazine

HEARTLAND CROSSWORD

Answers will be published in Issue 38

Answers for Issue 36 Page 81

Heartland Magazine | 81

Heartland Magazine Issue 38 available mid February Check with your Newsagent or Heartland Magazine stockists

only $

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95 From leading Newsagents and Rural stores in your town

You can make a difference in a child's life

Become a Foster Carer Contact CASPA for details on upcoming information sessions and free, accredited, training courses Website: www.caspa.asn.au Lismore: (02) 6627 3700 Casino: (02) 6662 6792 Coffs Harbour: (02) 6652 9369