Lesson 12 Indefinite Subjects (There Sentences) As mentioned previously, the مبتدأis always معرفةand comes at the beginning of the sentence. The
خربis usually نکرةand follows the مبتدأ. معرفة [ِف البیت] خرب/الرجل] مبتدأ ّ[
نکرة/معرفة [صاحل]خرب/الرجل]مبتدأ ّ[
The man is in the house
The man is pious
However, a speaker may wish to simply state the existence of a subject without stating any information about it. There is [a man]subject [in the house]predicate. In this example, the speaker is merely informing that a man is present in the house. In Arabic, this type of sentence differs from normal nominal sentences in two ways: 1. the subject is indefinite ()نکرة 2. the predicate precedes the subject
ٌُ البیت]خرب [ٌَر )جلٌ]مبتدأ (نکرة
[ِف
These types of sentences are used when the predicate is a prepositional clause. When translating them, the word “there” must be brought at the beginning of the sentence followed by the مبتدأthen the خرب.
ِّ الر ]ٌف] [ ُکتُب َ ّ [علی
There are [books]subject [on the shelf]predicate. Exercise 1 Translation juice mouse, rat Translate into English.
Plural
فِْی َران
السماء سحب وُنوم ّ ) ِف13 دراجتان ّ ) عند عمود الکهرباء14 ) ِف املقلمة أقالم ومراسم15 الرصیف رجال ونساء ّ ) علی16 ) علی الطاولة طعام وعصری17 ) علی شبّاك الغرفة ستارة18
Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) There are some sofas in his room. 2) There is a branch on the tree. 3) There is a lady on the bus.
54
Singular
ِع صْی ر َ فَأْر
Translation sign, verse box
) ِف بلدنا مسجدان7 ) أمام الطّالب سبّورة8 الصندوق لعب ّ ) ِف9 ) ِف املکتبة رفوف11 ) علی الشارع سیّارات11 ) ِف مطار البلد طیّارات12
Plural
Singular
آيَات صنَ ِاديق َ
آيَة صْندوق
لألوَلد تف ِف القرآن آيات ِف اخلزانة أوراق ِف کتابه قصص
)1 )2 )3 )4
) تت األريکة فأر5 کراسات ّ ) علی رفّك6