OF CONTENTS
Romanesque Famous Rom Byzantine Ar Famous Byza Similarities a 01 02 03 04 05 TABLE
CharacteristicsofRomanesquearchitecture
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 01 The name Romanesque means “like the Romans” or “Roman like”, and it refers to the fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions As the Roman Empire ended and the Dark Ages began, the early Christian church and its political supporters took control of medieval Europe, forming the Romanesque style. WhatisRomanesquearchitecture?
Combining features of ancient Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches (plný oblúk), sturdy pillars, barrel vaults (valená klenba), large towers and the use of sculpture with architecture. roundarches(plnýoblúk) barrelvaults(valenáklenba)
PisaCathedral
MNotreDamelaGrande,Poitiers,France ariaLaachAbbey,Germany
Pisa Cathedral
Pisa Cathedral is a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary's Assumption. White marble was used to construct the cathedral, baptistery, and bell tower. Many of the standard elements of Romanesque architecture can be found on the front elevation, including dozens of round arches surrounded by geometric stonework. Although the church's exterior has many windows, they are all small and do not provide much natural light. This is because the walls of Pisa Cathedral are the only thing that supports the roof above, so they had to be thick and sturdy, with only small openings for windows.
Speyer Cathedral
Speyer Cathedral is a Romanesque Cathedral located in southwestern Germany. The cathedral's construction began in 1030, and the exterior is made of a distinct red sandstone. The majority of the church dates from the late Romanesque period, but the Narthex and front facade were both added in the nineteenth century. The work was done in a Neo Romanesque style, giving the church a cohesive appearance. The church also contains a Barrel Vault which is a significant characteristic in Romanesque architecture
FAMOUS ROMANESQUE BUILDINGS 02
PisaCathedralinPisa,Italy
SpeyerCathedralinSpeyer,Germany
WhatisByzantinearchitecture?
The term Byzantine architecture refers to a variety of buildings that were built during the Byzantine Empire (330 AD 1453 AD). The Byzantine era began in 330 AD, when Roman Emperor Constantine relocated the Roman Empire's capital to Byzantium The Eastern Roman Empire was renamed the Byzantine Empire after that. Byzantine art and architecture spread from east to west across the European continent.
CharacteristicsofByzantinearchitecture
Byzantine architecture has three main characteristics The first is the domed roofs. The squinch (an arch in each of the corners of a square base that transforms it into an octagon) or the pendentive (triangular segments of a sphere that spread at the top and taper to points at the bottom) were both used to allow a dome to rest above a square base. The Greek cross plans were another key characteristic. Architects designed the floor plans for Byzantine churches in the shape of a cross. The church's narthex (or entrance) began with a long walkway forward over the cross in square plan, and stretched out horizontally near the pulpit Lastly, Byzantine architecture featured iconography. Much of the Byzantine church architecture is adorned with early Christian art. The interiors of these churches are decorated with frescoes, ivory carvings, and Byzantine mosaics.
BYZANTINE ARC 03
Domedroofs
Greekcrossplans IconofChrist,late 14thcentury
Apsemosaic,HagiaSophia
MonasteryofthePantocrator Istanbul, Marmara,Turk
ChoraChurch Istanbul,Marmara, Turkey HagiaIrene Istanbul,Marmara,Turkey
Hagia Sophia
The Hagia Sophia was constructed between 532 and 537 to replace an early 5th century church that was destroyed by fire during the 523 Nika riots. Its interior is lavishly decorated with mosaic and marble. When it was finished, it was the largest church in the world, a title it held until the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital. Following the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the basilica was converted into a mosque and used for religious services until it was closed in 1931. Hagia Sophia has then been open to the public as a museum since its reopening in 1935.
HagiaSophiainIstanbul,TurkeyBasilica of San Vitale
The Basilica of San Vitale is a late antique church in Ravenna, Italy. It is one of eight structures in Ravenna on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The church's main building is laid out octagonally. Byzantine features include a polygonal apse, capitals, narrow bricks, and an early example of flying buttresses. The church is best known for its vast quantities of Byzantine mosaics.
FAMOUS BYZANTINE BUILDINGS
BasilicaofSanVitaleinRavenna,Italy
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
SIMILARITIES
spread Church doctrine
DIFFERENCES
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In both Romanesque and Byzantine churches, they were designed and their interior space planned with care to reinforce Church teachings and
In both styles, the floor plans of the churches resemble the shape of the cross.
Romanesque churches were much larger and longer in size than Byzantine churches. Instead of a massive dome as the point of focus, they were frequently more horizontal in nature, with towers and arched forms Byzantine churches also had central domes, whereas Romanesque churches had barrel vaults. Next, the interiors of Byzantine churches were decorated with mosaics and icons, whereas the interiors of Romanesque churches were decorated with frescoes and sculptures. Romanesquechurchfloorplan Byzantinechurchfloorplan betweenRomanesqueandByzantinearchitecture ByzantineBasilicaofSanVitale, Ravenna,Italy RomanesqueSt Sernin,Toulouse, France KalenderhaneMosqueinIstanbul Romanesquebarrelvault ChristPantokrator,Churchofthe Dormition,Daphni,Greece SaintMadeleineTympanum,1120
References
https://architectureofcities.com/byzantine-architecture https://www.masterclass.com/articles/byzantinearchitectureguide https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval world/byzantine1/beginnersguidebyzantine/a/iconsanintroduction
https://wwwmasterclasscom/articles/romanesquearchitecture explained#2XrwTzYjAghdKgru8K6l4d
https://decombo.com/romanesquearchitecturecharacteristics/ https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/romanesqueart/beginners-guide-romanesque/a/a-beginners-guide-to-romanesquearchitecture
https://architectureofcities.com/romanesque-architecture
