Estimated Wastage Of Construction Material
Abstract India is a developing country which has many ongoing & future planned construction projects. It is growing to become world’s third largest construction market by 2025. It is also accounting for 11% of India’s GDP after agriculture in country. Construction material waste is generated during any new construction, renovation, demolition of buildings and infrastructure projects. The construction waste is a by-product of construction process. Construction and demolition waste management is becoming increasingly important on construction sites as landfill space in India is rapidly depleting and waste management costs are rising. Due to these factors waste management plans are seen as a good response to minimizing waste on site and this thesis aims to investigate how to implement such a plan for the reuse of the construction waste. The research focuses on the construction waste and deriving strategies for reusing and recycling of the same. It also identifies the causes of generation of construction waste along with the quality of waste generated on site at different stages of conventional construction process. This study will help to encourage possible onsite practices and procedures to minimize the waste and to utilize the C&D waste involved in construction process. This research gives more focus on the importance of reduce, recur and recycle means concept of 3R for the management of the waste material.
Introduction India is growing to become the world's third largest construction market by 2025, as per a study by Global Construction Perspectives and Oxford Economics. Today the construction industry is the second largest industry of the country after agriculture and it is accounting for 11% of India’s GDP. The Indian economic environment and system and procedures would further enhance construction industry, as it provides the basic physical infrastructure for the nation as well as other industries. In India, construction industry is not just the fastest growing industry but largest in terms of investment, volume of natural resources consumed, volume of materials and products manufactured, employment generated and environmental impacts, etc. Along with development, construction industry carries several challenges like emissions to air, land contamination, noise pollution, waste disposal and discharges to water. In India infrastructural facilities are increased due to the construction, refurnishing and explosion of buildings, bridges, runways, flyover, roads, factories, industries, hospitals and other similar formulations. Due to huge consumption of construction materials, huge amount of construction waste is generated during construction. Construction & Operation Estimated Consumptions As per Pune Based Case Study Report
25
14
Fresh Water
25
Wood Energy Virgin Materials
40 35
Greenhouse Emissions
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Type of material Cement Sand Aggregate Concrete structural Concrete binding (lean) Reinforcement steel bars Reinforcement steel mesh PVC sheeting Steel for windows Timbering in trenches Stone masonry Marble lining Wood for door frames Wood for shutters Wood for flooring / walling Sheet roofing Tile roofing
Estimated wastage 2% 10% 5% 2% 10% 3% 10% 15% 7% 5% 5% 20% 6% 10% 7.50% 2% 5%
Indian construction Industry The construction industry is the second largest industry in India after agriculture. It accounts for about 11% of India as GDP. It makes significant contribution to the national economy and provides employment to large number of people. There are mainly three segments in the construction industry like real estate construction which includes residential and commercial construction; infrastructure building which includes roads, railways, power etc; and industrial construction that consists of oil and gas refineries, pipelines, textiles etc. INDIA GDP FROM CONSTRUCTION In Billions
The construction waste dumped on landfill site, leads to soil pollution which affects soil fertility and also leads to sub-soil water pollution. Random dumping of these wastes leads to air pollution and degrades the air quality. The construction waste involves energy in extraction, manufacturing process, transportation to construction site, construction process, finishing and transportation to the landfill sites. Construction industry needs to address this issue and re-examine their construction processes and practices. Presently, awareness of resource-efficient construction practices is lacking in most countries. The excessive wastage of materials, improper management on site and less awareness of the necessity for waste reduction measures is common on construction sites. Many developed countries like U.K, U.S.A., France, Denmark, Germany, Australia and Japan have used costeffectively attainable technologies for recycling up to 80-85 percent of waste. However India is also doing various activities for achievement in that project but efforts are least.
Source: TRADINGECONOMICS.COM (CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATION, INDIA
Construction is an essential part of any country's infrastructure and industrial development. Construction industry, with its backward and forward linkages with various other industries like cement, steel, bricks, construction Equipments, etc. catalyses employment generation in the country. Broadly construction can be classified into 3 segments : Infrastructure Industrial and Real Estate.
Research Objectives
To identify the crucial sources and causes of construction waste. Determine the quantities of C&D Waste produced during construction. Find ways of reducing price associated with waste within the industry. Maintain better management and operating practices. Implement suitable wastage management hierarchy. Applications of better construction technologies. Use of 3R concept -reduce, reuse and recycle.
Research Questions 1. What factors contribute to waste generation within the construction industry? 2. What is the environmental impact of construction waste? 3. How can we manage or reduce the waste within the construction industry & cost associated with it? 4. What is the current state of construction and demolition waste recycling in the India? 5. How can C&D waste flows be recycled within the construction sector? 6. Which barriers impede high quality recycling of construction and demolition waste? 7. What are the reasons to participate in a high quality recycling project?
The construction activity involved in different segments differs from segment to segment. Construction of houses and roads involves about 75% and 60% of civil construction respectively. Building of airports and ports has construction activity in the range of 40-50%. For industrial projects, construction component ranges between 15-20%. Within a particular sector also construction component varies from project to project. Type Of Constructions 80 70 60 50 40 Percentage
30 20 10 0 Houses
Up to 15% of purchased materials at jobsite ending up as waste.
C&D WASTE MANAGEMENT & QUALITY RECYCLING WITHIN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDIA RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS
Roads
Airpots
Ports
Industrial Projects
HARDIK MUNGEKAR M. A R C H. P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T HIRAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE