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ABSTRACT

Architecture creates better places, affects society and it can even have a role in making a place civilised by making community more visible as a social catalyst.

This architecture design project is based on the theme of “Reduce , Reuse and Recycle.” , a design for people, with an awareness about building sustainably and showcasing the immense possibilities of creating new, exciting spaces with pre-used, discarded or waste materials.

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01 THE INTRODUCTION

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PROJECT INTRODUCTION

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PROJECT AIM

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PROJECT OBJECTIVE

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02 THE MATERIAL

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MATERIAL INTRODUCTION

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MATERIAL RESEARCH

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MATERIAL PROPERTIES

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03 PRECEDENT STUDIES

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04 THE SITE

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SITE INTRODUCTION

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DECODING THE SITE

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05 THE DESIGN

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DESIGN INTENTION

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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CONTEXTUAL RESPONSE

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MATERIAL STRATEGY

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PLAN AND SECTION

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06 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

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FOUNDATION DETAILS

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DETAILED FOUNDATION DRAWINGS

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RENDERS

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ON SITE PROCESS

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PROTOTYPE AND MODELLING

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07 SEASONAL ADAPTATIONS

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08 BUDGET SHEET

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09 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PROJECT INTRODUCTION

In a world increasingly cognizant of environmental sustainability and resource conservation, the intersection of architecture and ecology has emerged as a dynamic frontier for innovative design solutions. In this era of conscious construction, where the ethos of ”Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” reigns supreme, architects and designers are continuously exploring novel materials and construction techniques to minimize ecological footprints. It is within this context that we embark on an exciting architectural journey, one that transforms a seemingly humble and often overlooked resource into a remarkable architectural achievement - the creation of a pavilion crafted entirely from waste tender coconuts.

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PROJECT AIM

The aim of this architecture project, aligned with the theme ”Assemblage,” is to design and construct a pavilion crafted entirely from waste tender coconuts, showcasing the innovative use of natural and sustainable waste materials in architectural design, embracing diversity . This pavilion will serve as a tangible embodiment of our commitment to ecological responsibility, resource conservation, and creative design excellence.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVE

• To reimagine and repurpose waste and pre-used materials as a unique and versatile building material, exploring their structural potential, durability, and aesthetic qualities.

• To create an inclusive pavilion that caters to diverse user needs, ensuring accessibility and comfort for people of all abilities, ages, and backgrounds.

• To minimize the environmental impact by reducing the demand for conventional construction materials, promoting resource conservation, and decreasing the carbon footprint.

• To design the pavilion for longevity and adaptability, considering its potential to evolve over time and remain relevant within changing contexts.

By pursuing these objectives, this project seeks to redefine architectural boundaries by demonstrating the power of inclusivity and innovation.

It will also showcase the limitless possibilities of sustainable architecture by assembling waste tender coconuts in innovative ways, challenging traditional design paradigms. The pavilion will not only serve as a physical testament to the theme ”Assemblage” but also as a beacon of inspiration, promoting diversity and sustainability in designs for future generations.

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MATERIAL INTRODUCTION

Exploring the unexplored: Tender coconut as a sustainable architectural innovation.

In the creation of our pavilion, we have embarked on a journey that not only reimagines architecture but also champions sustainability through innovative material use. Our primary material of choice is tender coconut, carefully selected, and transformed to meet the rigorous demands of architectural construction. The material journey begins with the selection of tender coconuts. These coconuts are sourced and thoughtfully collected, taking into account factors such as size, quality, and suitability for our project. The choice of tender coconuts aligns with our commitment to sustainability, as they are abundantly available and often underutilized.

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COCONUT RESEARCH STATES / UNION TERRITORIES Andaman & Nicobar islands Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep islands Maharashtra Odisha Pondicherry 7Tamil Nadu West Bengal

AREA (‘000 HECTARES) 16.3 99.5 24.9 518.4 807.1 2.7 2.7 50.9 1.8 441.5 30.3

PRODUCTION (M NUTS) 124.8 1396.9 241.2 6273.8 8452.1 87.6 127.9 341.7 27.8 6020.4 377.7

Coconut is a strategic commodity for all of us that has social, cultural and economic significance for the Indian populace. 85% OF THE COCONUT FRUIT’S WEIGHT IS THE COCONUT SHELL. After usage around three million tons of coconut shell wastage is created. [1.5KG/COCONUT]

INCREASING CONSUMPTION OF COCONUTS INCREASING USED COCONUT WASTAGE

“Nurturing Life: The Art of Coconut Germination”

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PARTS OF A COCONUT :

COIR

COIR PITH

OUTER SKIN COVERING

COCONUT WATER SHELL

FRUIT

USES: Coconut components find diverse construction uses: coconut shells for lightweight concrete and decor, coir pith as soil conditioner, and coir for erosion control and geotextiles in civil engineering.

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MATERIAL PROPERTIES: COCONUT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: The fracture force decreases with increasing velocity and increasing moisture content. Performed compression loading tests on whole coconut endocarps and determined fracture forces of 4.2 KN and 2.7 KN depending on loading direction.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Moisture content came out to be 3.92% and water absorption came out to be 19.87%.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: Abrasion1.5% Impact Value 9.01% Crushing Value 2.76%

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INSULATION: Thermal conductivity test shows that the it ranges from 0.030 to 0.125 W/Mk. Due to its water and moisture absorption properties it remains cool in hot summer temperatures too.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY CHART 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

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MOISTURE REDUCTION: Samples of the coconut wastes (husks and shells) were sun-dried for 3 to 18 days. Using the pintype moisture meter, the moisture contents of randomly sampled coconut wastes were measured for 3 to 18 days.

MOISTURE REDUCTION 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

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9 LOCALVARIETY

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HYBRID VARIETY

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STUDY PROVING THAT COCONUT SHELLS WILL NOT CATCH FIRE EASILY: Open burning of coconut shell contributes to c02 and methane emissions.

At harvest, moisture content of fresh coconut husks is around 29–35% . In this study, it was observed that even after nearly one week (6 days) of open sun-drying, the moisture content of the coconut wastes reduced marginally to about 26%. reported that high moisture content of biomass results in poor ignition and reduces the combustion temperature, which in turn affects the combustion of the products and quality of combustion.

The CO concentrations generally decreased with decreasing moisture content over the drying period for both varieties. The smoke produced when burning the husks and shells that were being dried gradually changed from thick white to light smoke in 3 to 15 days. This is an indication of the fact that there was a decreasing amount of volatile gases including water vapour that resulted in the change in the concentration and colour of the smoke.

Insulation (I): Coconut shells need to be subjected to very high temperatures (between 300-500 degree celsius) for several hours to be turned into charcoal.

Integrity (E): the structure has multiple air pockets created due to the particular arrangement of coconuts preventing any hot gas to be trapped inside the structure.

Load bearing capacity (R): RCC bars used in the structure are fire resistant thus withstanding structural stability

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REASON BEHIND CHOOSING COCONUT SHELL IN ITS ORIGINAL SHAPE:

The results establish (1) that the orientation of the whole endocarp has no significant effect on the fracture force.

(2) that the orientation of arch-shaped samples affects fracture behaviour.

(3) test velocity does not affect fracture behavior.

(4) that the compressive strength of rectangular samples is highest when applied normal to the endocarp surface.

COCONUT

NORMAL VS PARALLEL TO SURFACE

LONGITUDNAL VS LATITUDNAL ORIENTATION

ORIENTATION MERIDIONAL VS EQUITORIAL

UNCONSTRAINED VS CONSTRAINED

Harnessing the Strength of Coconuts for Sustainable Construction.

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PRECEDENT STUDIES Manish Advani, a marketing professional, and Jayneel Trivedi, an architect, collaborated with 20 students from Somaiya College in Mumbai to construct a unique Coconut House prototype. The construction process began with an 18day drying period for coconut shells. Simultaneously, old scrap materials from the college were collected.

The Coconut House featured four distinctive walls: The first wall used halved coconut shells, stacked and reinforced with mud, coconut fibers, and bamboo mesh.

The second wall served as vertical gardens, created from coconut shells.

The third wall was composed simply of stacked coconut shells, designed for partitioning.

The fourth wall used mud and coconut shells for temperature control while maintaining structural strength.

This innovative construction demonstrated the potential of waste materials and eco-friendly techniques in building a functional and sustainable structure.

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INTRODUCTION TO GODHAVI

A town nestled on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, India, where the convergence of rural and urban dynamics presents a captivating tapestry of architectural and environmental interaction. At the heart of this exploration lies a pristine lake, a serene oasis within the bustling village crossroad, serving as a focal point for the community's life and development.

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70 m

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DECODING THE SITE

Nestled at the intersection of Godhavi Crossroad in Sanand Taluka, Ahmedabad District, this urban site presents a captivating blend of education, community, and natural beauty. The site’s landmarks, the prestigious Zydus School of Excellence and the charming Sanand Town, contribute to its unique character, while a picturesque lake and a well-traveled crossroad makes it an attractive and vibrant destination.

Sanand Town, a quaint and culturally rich urban area, offers a charming contrast to the modernity of the school. Its heritage and traditions are reflected in its architecture and vibrant local markets Enveloping this site is a serene lake, which enhances the overall appeal of the area. The shimmering waters create an oasis of tranquility amidst the urban hustle and bustle. This natural feature provides a stunning backdrop and a respite from the daily grind, inviting leisurely walks and picnincs.

The crossroad leading to this site ensures easy accessibility from multiple directions, making it a well-connected hub within the region. It serves as a vital transportation nexus, facilitating the movement of people and goods, and bringing a diverse mix of individuals to the site.

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VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

GODHAVI VILLAGE PANCHAYAT

BOPAL-GHUMA ROAD

The site benefits from an established vehicular circulation system, comprising a network of roads and pathways, ensuring efficient access and transportation within the area.

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Active spaces are bustling and well-maintained areas, frequently used .

Neglected spaces being deteriorating and abandoned, lacking attent ion and upkeep on the existingsite.

ACTIVE SPACES

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NEGLECTED SPACE

LAKE

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Landmarks:The nearby landmarks, including the temple, grocery store, and crossroad attracts vehicle users and forms as an understanding to the existence of the site.

GROCERY STORE

WEEKLY NODES

PROGGRAMMATIC NODE

ENTRANCE

DAILY NODES

Daily nodes include the temple, grocery stores, and crossroad for daily needs. Weekly nodes involve leisure at the lake and religious gatherings. Programmatic nodes host events at the temple, lakeside, and crossroad.

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DESIGN INTENTION

Our

project

is

an

embodiment

of

ecological

responsibility

and

innovative design. Drawing inspiration from the common practice of discarding coconut shells after quenching one’s thirst, we’ve envisioned a pavilion constructed entirely from used tender coconuts. The extended biodegradation period of these shells serves as a poignant reminder of the environmental impact of thoughtless waste disposal.

This pavilion serves a dual purpose. Firstly, it acts as a poignant reminder of our responsibility towards the environment, offering a visual commentary on the need for conscious material choices. Secondly, it serves as a testament to the power of regeneration and recycling in architecture. As visitors engage with this organic, coconut-inspired pavilion, they will immerse themselves in an environment that seamlessly merges with the surrounding natural landscape.

The pavilion is a symbol of transformation, reminding us that even the simplest of materials, when viewed through an eco-conscious lens, can be reborn into something of lasting beauty and value. Our objective is to refine and expand upon our pioneering construction method using dried tender coconut shells and explore its broader applications in the construction industry, addressing the pressing issue of wasted coconuts in the country.

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DESIGN DEVEVLOPMENT

The Palm-Inspired Pavilion’s design development marries nature-inspired aesthetics with parametric techniques. Drawing inspiration from palm trees, it utilizes a circular form divided into three segments, shifted to create an intricate, functional, and visually dynamic envelope.

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I

II

III

IV

V

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

[I] Placing the Core in Accordance to the Lake: This technique involves strategically positioning the pavilion’s core or central structure in harmony with the nearby lake. It ensures that the pavilion’s orientation and layout optimize views of the lake while integrating it as a focal point of the design.

[II] Hierarchical Arches Dividing the Spaces: Hierarchical arches refer to the use of arch-shaped architectural elements that create a sense of hierarchy and division within the pavilion’s spaces, defining different functional areas within the structure and also help brighten the spaces during the day.

[III] Crafting the Pavilion’s Structural Skeleton: Precisely designing and building the load-bearing framework for structural stability.

This step ensures the stability and integrity of the entire structure, laying the foundation for subsequent phases.

[IV] Integrating Coconuts Throughout the Structure: This technique involves creatively incorporating coconut into the structure for texture, insulation, and aesthetics.

[V] Integrating Coconuts Throughout the Voids: Similar to the previous technique, integrating coconuts throughout the voids focuses on utilizing coconuts creatively to fill the empty spaces or voids within the pavilion’s structure. This adds visual interest and contributes to the overall design while utilizing waste materials effectively.

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CONTEXTUAL RESPONSE Exploring site dynamics through diagrams that illustrate how movement, views, and accessibility are harmonizing with the surrounding environment.

Defining entry and exit movements around the Pavilion

Embracing north accessibility, escaping south sun

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A Panoramic glimpse of the lake

Shaping wind patterns by hierarchical arches and porous structure

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MATERIAL STRATEGY:

Natural insulator

Regenerative module

Funnel effect

MATERIAL PREPARATION:

I. WHOLE COCONUT II. USED FOR DRINKING III. USED I

II

III IV.DRYING V. DRILLED

IV

V

VI

THIS FIGURE ALSO SHOWS THE SHRINKAGE OF COCONUT

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VI. BARBEQUED

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PLAN

4’

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SECTION

4’

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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Drying Process: After collection, the coconut shells were subjected to a drying period. This step was crucial to restore their structural properties, ensuring they were ready for repurposing.

Drilling: Once adequately dried, the coconut shells underwent drilling. This process allowed them to be fitted into the TMT (Thermo-Mechanically Treated) bar framework, forming the basis of the pavilion’s structure.

Framework Integration: The drilled coconut shells were then incorporated into the TMT bar framework. This integration gradually formed the initial structure of the pavilion, with coconut shells creating voids within the framework.

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DRILLED COCONUT

DRILLED COCONUT IN TMT BAR

TMT BAR WELDED IN FOUNDATION TMT BAR

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16MM TMT BAR [HEIGHT 10’11”]

12MM TMT BAR [HEIGHT 8’4”]

10MM TMT BAR [HEIGHT 5’9”] DESIGNED FOR KIDS

15’

HEIGHTS AND INCURVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE ARCHES

AREA 220 SQ FEET RADIUS 13’

AREA 55 SQ FEET RADIUS 9’

AREA 13 SQ FEET RADIUS 2’

AREA 155 SQ FEET RADIUS 17’

AREA SPECIFICATIONS NET AREA 400 SQ FEET

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FOUNDATION The process began by collecting discarded tin oil cans, which were later cleaned and had holes drilled into opposite faces to accommodate reinforcement bars. After securely binding the reinforcement within the cans, concrete was poured, and the structures were left to dry overnight.

Subsequently, they positioned these structures into previously excavated pits. The central foundation was executed using the cast in situ method, as it effectively distributed and transferred loads by connecting one end of all the arches in the center.

FOUNDATION MARKINGS

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[I] INDIVIDUAL ARCH FOUNDATION DETAIL

16 MM TMT BAR

OIL TIN CONCRETE

12 MM TMT BAR

DETAIL IN ISOMETRIC

CONCRETE

12 MM TMT BAR

PLAN

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[II] CENTRAL FOUNDATION DETAIL

12/16 MM TMT BAR

CONCRETE

12 MM STIRRUPS

DETAIL IN ISOMETRIC

12 MM STIRRUPS

12 MM TMT BAR

PLAN

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GLIMPSES FROM THE SITE

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TRI-PARN

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PROTOTYPE AND MODELLING

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SEASONAL ADAPTATIONS AND PROPERTIES Summer Adaptations Properties: 1.Thermal Insulation: Coconut shells, when processed, offer natural insulation properties, reducing heat transfer, ideal for summer construction.

2.Fire Resistance: Coconut shell exhibits fire resistance, making them suitable for fire-prone summer conditions.

Monsoon Adaptations Properties: 1.Hydrophobic Nature: Coconut shell’s hydrophobic qualities prevent water penetration, making them resilient against heavy monsoon rains.

2.Resistance to Decay: Their natural resistance to decay ensures structural integrity and longevity in wet conditions.

3.Lightweight: Coconut shell’s lightweight properties make them ideal for monsoon-resistant construction materials.

Winter Adaptations Properties: Stability: Coconut shells retain their structural integrity in colder conditions, contributing to the stability of constructed elements.

Minimal Thermal Conductivity: Coconut shells exhibit low thermal conductivity, reducing heat loss in cold climates.

VOLUME COMPARISION The utilization of the new material, specifically TMT rebars, is just used for foundation and the main structure.

The total number of coconut shells used ranges from 6,000 to 8,000.

Due to the coconut’s heavy volume, the proportion of new materials introduced is negligible.

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BUDGET SHEET ^ƌ͘ŶŽ ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ

ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝŽŶ ŽĐŽŶƵƚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ dDd ZĞďĂƌƐ ϭϲ ŵŵ dDd ZĞďĂƌƐ ϭϮ ŵŵ ^ĐƌĂƉ ƌĞďĂƌƐ ;ϭϬ ŵŵͿ ^ĐƌĂƉ ƌĞďĂƌƐ ;ϭϮ ŵŵͿ ŽŶĐƌĞƚĞ; ĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞͿ WůŝŶƚŚ ĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶ н ďƌŽǁŶ ƐĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝŶŐ ǁŝƌĞ tĞůĚŝŶŐ ƌŽĚĞ >ĂďŽƵƌƐ ; Ăƌ ďĞŶĚŝŶŐͿ dŽƚĂů

YƵĂŶƚŝƚLJ Ͳ ϴ ƵŶŝƚƐ Ϯ ƵŶŝƚƐ ϵϬ ŬŐ ϭϬϱ ŬŐ Ͳ Ͳ ϭϰ ŬŐ ϭ ƉĂĐŬ Ͳ

ZĂƚĞ Ͳ ϭϭϯϰ ϲϰϮ ϯϮ ϯϮ Ͳ Ͳ ϭϮϬ ϯϬϬ Ͳ

ŵŽƵŶƚ ϭϮϬϬ ϵϬϳϮ ϭϮϴϰ ϮϴϴϬ ϯϯϲϬ ϰϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϬ ϭϲϴϬ ϯϬϬ ϭϮϬϬ Ϯϲϵϳϲ

We organized and sourced all the equipment, including drilling, welding, and grinding machines, from the college workshop. Additionally, local villagers provided tools like axes, chisels, pliers, etc to support our project.

Labours were exclusively hired for bending the bars, while the villagers made substantial contributions by helping us with the construction process.

Some materials like foundational reinforcement and structural steel were freshly acquired, whereas others were sourced from construction sites, essentially leftovers were subsequently joined using lap joints through welding.

The transportation expenses for coconuts were incurred only due to the transportation of the coconuts collected from the university to the site.

No electricity costs were incurred as the villagers generously offered the use of their electricity transformers.

FUNDING All the funding was provided from the university’s student fund.

PLINTH AREA RATE The total area of the structure encompasses 400 square feet. Our structure is priced at a rate of 76.25 rupees per square foot, while the plinth area rate in Ahmedabad

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BIBLIOGRAPHY https://www.academia.edu/31839596/ABRASION_AND_DROP_WEIGHT_IMPACT_RESISTANCE_OF_COCONUT_SHELL_ASH_CONCRETE https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/characterization-and-impact-of-curing-duration-on-the-compressive-strength-of-coconut-shell-coarse-aggregate-in-concrete/ http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/coconut/coconut/coconut_processing.html https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/clean-india-shows-way-for-tender-coconut-shells-mess/articleshow/45041087.cms http://www.kscst.iisc.ernet.in/spp/39_series/SPP39S/01_Seminar%20Projects/024_39S_ BE_0241.pdf https://cocoandcoir.com/blogs/coir-compost/the-anatomy-of-a-coconut/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344629287_Experimental_Studies_on_the_ Suitability_of_Coconut_Shell_as_a_Filler_Material_in_Concrete_Cubes https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/de-la-salle-college-of-saint-beni de/industrial-design/a-research-paper-about-coconut-as-a-material/7769430 http://inditerrain.indiaartndesign.com/2017/01/coconut-house-ray-of-hope-for-lowcost.html https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342848445_The_Application_of_Coconut_ Fiber_as_Insulation_Ceiling_Board_in_Building_Construction

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SPECIAL THANKS A HEARTFELT GRATITUDE TO ALL THE VILLAGERS FOR THEIR INVALUABLE SUPPORT DURING THE CONSTRUCTION.

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