Portfolio - Urban Design

PORTFOLIO OF U HAOYUAN

RESPONSES TO RAPID URBANIZATION IN 4 DIMENSIONS

ARCHITECTURE | VILLAGE | BLOCK | REGION

Xu Haoyuan

Application number: 23179313

Programme: MArch Urban Design

Bachelor of Engineering in Urban and Rural Planning

Nanjing Tech University, P.R.China

Contact: haoyuanxu1998@outlook.com; (+86)139-2144-4204

Until recently, China's rapid urbanization has entered a fairly stable phase, while various contradictions have been fully exposed.

As an urban designer, the most important role is to play games among all parties and try to coordinate them , in further, to maintain the steady development of cities through the way.

How long will it take? I don't know.

What I know is I will never stop trying, even though it's still long and tortuous.

URBAN COMMUNICATING VESSEL

Qinhuai Museum of Contemporary Art Design

Course: Architectural Design(2) (Spring term 2018)

Course Instructor: Zhao Ye, Wen Zhao and Xi Jiaoru

Site Location: Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Team Work: Xu Haoyuan, Cheng Huinan

Contribution: Field Visits(50%), Design(40%), Drawing(50%)

Site Area: 0.5ha

In the Chinese rapid urbanization, fragmented development has severed the links between the city, its buildings and environment, as well as the link between citizens and the history and culture of the land.

The project site is located in the scenic area of Fuzi Temple on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, between the former site of the ancient Taoye Ferry and the residential area of the old city, and is of great historical and cultural value. But due to the fragmentation of the urban built environment, the Taoye Ferry constructed in 350 is little known.

Therefore, the proposal uses the architectural space to connect the historical places, through the combing and reorganization of urban space and user flow, to connect the anchors, so that the surrounding built environment, the urban life and the historical culture can be reconnected, while the missing sense of spatial belonging can be recovered.

The building connects all functional spaces with a strong social attribute of flowing space, while responds to the surrounding built environment, to revive the forgotten history and repair the fragmented city.

SITE LOCATION | CENTER OF HISTORY AND CULTURE IN NANJING

THE ANCHORS OF HISTORICAL SITE

STRATEGY | COMMUNICATE BETWEEN HISTORICAL PLACES

CHRONOLOGY

DYNASTY Song Yuan Ming Qing Today

ORIGINAL BLOCK

CONNECTING URBAN FABRIC

CONNECTING HISTORIC SITES

CONNECTING PEOPLE FLOWS

CONNECTING LANDSCAPES

COMMUNICATING VESSEL

Fuzi Temple

Jiangnan Gongyuan

SITE

Ancient Taoye Ferry

The farewell ferry of Nanjing The place in the poems.

The biggest national examination court during more than 700 years.

Confucian Temple, a place monumentalizing Confucius.

A historical site of inheriting Confucian culture.

AXONOMETRIC DRAWING OF GROUND FLOOR

ANALYTICAL DIAGRAMS

SPACE ANNOTATIONS

MAIN

STREAMLINE

A GUIDE FOR LANDLESS FARMERS

New Rural-urban Mode and Rethinking

Competition: UIA-HYP CUP 2021

Instructor: Lin Lifeng

Site Location: Fuzhou, Fujian, China

Team Work: Xu Haoyuan, Lu Kaiyu

Contribution: Field Visits(50%), Design(50%) , Drawing(70%)

Site Area: 50ha

Land-owning represents the most fundamental aspiration of Chinese peasants.

In China, rapid urbanization has brought a series of urban-rural contradictions, one of which is the occupation of rural land. In Fuzhou, the city expands constantly, producing many landless peasants who were vulnerable in society. Inadequate compensation made evicted farmers not only can not survive in the city, but also lose their essential means of production — arable land.

Our guide starts with this background,

intending to discuss a sustainable developing pattern of urban-rural relationship. On the basis of land-lost farmers' allowance from the government, attracting investment of social capital to construct the new rural community and maintain the operation. According to the traditional pattern of village in Fuzhou— Tulou, we reconstruct the structure of new countryside, while making it play a crucial role in relieving urban pressure.

This program focuses on the survival of landless farmers, the operation of new agricultural community and the translation of the local village.

VILLAGES

Discovery

Horizontal

Where will they Go?

The villager are forced to leave their homeland because of urbanism or development of tourism.

Buy

Not Enough! Compensation is not enough Go gambling! Go lottery!

What They Want?

So how to use it?

the

The News interviewed with 3 typical type of farmers and collected their will. Slide to learn more.

bottom-up

Future?

Policy Phaes II

Cancel of Agricultural Taxes Market Economy, 1991

'Eradicate The Poor', 2020

Demolished bottom-up urbanism in 1958 , turned into government-dominated urbanism in 1978. Now China calls for a new sustainable rural social structure model.

Fuzhou's Native Rural Typology: Tulou Community

POLICY STRATEGY | THE OPERATION METHOD OF A NWE CLAN COMMUNITY

SPACE STRATEGY | THE OPERATION METHOD OF A NWE CLAN COMMUNITY

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

DOMINANT

SEPERATED

LANDLESS PEASANTS’ QUSTIONAIRE ECONOMIC CIRCULATION ELEMENTS

LIVING PATTERNS DATABASE

9

Communal Parking Rental Space

Experimental Field Barn

Agro-forestrial System Agricultural Production Road

Camping Area Rental Farmlands

Family Squares Family Enclave

Communal Agricultural Factory Ancestral Temple

Fitness

Trails Rural

Implement Sheds Senior Activity Center

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

peasants' real estate

designers' studio

governers' consultant

PHASE 1:

Resident settlement, land allocation, basic living facilities, ancestral temple

lease land

peasants' real estate

designers' studio eldly centre childcare centre research factory

PHASE 2: PHASE 3:

road expansion, squre, basic economic elements& welfare facilities

bottom-up commercial, advanced economic elements& welfare facilities, joint economy

THE SCENE OF NEW AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY

Landless peasants& Tenent Agriculture Land:

Tenent Farmer& Welfare Careness:

Enterprise& Joint Factory: B-B SECTION D-D SECTION 10

ENLARGED PLAN

The rental apartment and the 2 residential blocks together enclose an introverted farmers’ exclusive farming fields.

REVIVAL OF HISTORICAL QUARTER Regroupment of Public Spaces

Working Program (2021 WINTER)

Immediate Leader: Song Han

Site Location: Suzhou, Jiangsu, China Individual Work (A node design in urban design of Wusa road)

Site Area: 1.35 ha

Historical districts are preserved because of their cultural value, but the internal built environment is deteriorating day by day. Problems such as occupying public space, obstructed roads， chaotic pedestrian route and so on are full of historical blocks. What is worse is that in the process of rapid urbanization in China, in order to maximize profits, the government takes the method of demolition, and building new ones.

How to retain the spatial memory of historic districts?

How to revive the spatial vitality of historic districts?

How to keep the residents in the historic districts from being relocated, while having a better quality of life, and preserve urban spatial justice?

I try to figure out these answers in the design process of this project.

SITE

Suzhou, the capital of the State of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period, is one of the most famous ancient cities in China. In terms of general urban structure, Suzhou is surrounded by two rivers, and the Ancient Suzhou City is the core.

The site, the historical block of Tongdeli, is located in the center of Ancient Suzhou City protected by the Acient City Moat. The north and west of the site is adjacent to the main two roads (Ganjiang Road and Renmin Road respectively) .

CHRONOLOGY | ROYAL PALACE ➡ FEUDAL GOVERNMENT ➡ DWELLINGS AND OFFICES

Before 2500 years ago, there was the royal palace of the State of Wu.

After the State of Wu perishing,the site was always booming as the regional administrative center under the background of feudalism.

The east of base is connected with Wusa Road, the history axis of Ancient Suzhou city.What is more, many historical and curtural sites born in chinese different historical phases have been distributed at both side along the history axis.

After the overthrow of feudal dynasty, a large number of dwellings and offices have built here. Tongdeli is the product of this era.

PALACE

SITE IN ANCIENT SUZHOU CITY

SITE IN THE HISTORY AXIS

OCCUPIED PUBLIC AREA

Private Fences Wastes Private Cars

CLOSEDE BLOCKFACADE ALONGE STREET

Only Two Entrances Inefficient Shops Brick Walls

DEAD END ROADS

A Road Mixed People And Vehicles Narrow and Dead-end Alleys

Temporary Huts Aging Buildings Idle Houses

VALUE OF BUILDINGS

Cultural heritage sites

Historical buildings

Neutral buildings

The majority of buildings have been constructed in the beginning Minguo Period . It is lucky that them have been prevented from the damage of the Anti-Japanese war and Liberation War.

BUILDING TYPES

Red-brick buildings

White painted buildings

Dilapidated buildings

Temporary buildings and annexes

The site is dominated by red-brick buildings while all the dwellings have been painted by white coating. The most of temporary buildings have been built by color steel tiles.

FUNCTIONAL ZONING

Administrative buildings

Commercial buildings

Temporary dormitories

Dwellings

In the block of Tongdeli, the building's functions are primarily dwellings and a group of administrative buildings are located in its center. A few commercial buildings are distributed along Wusa Road.

TRAFFIC PATTERN

Roads mixed people and vehicle

Footwalk

Pedestrian entrances

Vehicle entrances

Parking P

There is only one road provided for vehicles and one unorganized parking. Other paths are impeded by fences

STRATEGY | DEBRIDEMENT & SWE UP MASTER PLAN | A NEW SYSTEM OF PUBLIC AREA CLEAR

THE SYSTEM OF INNER PUBLIC REAE THE SYSTEM OF URBAN PLAZA THE SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC

INCLUDING:

INCLUDING:

INCLUDING:

The corridor provides a link between the three public roof spaces for people and is connected with the ground by a spiral stair.

The corridor regroups the internal public spaces and provides a shelter.

PERSPECTIVE | ACTIVITIES REORGANIZATION

OUTDOOR THEATER COMMUNITY INTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE

CORRIDOR DETAIL DRAWING

1 1 10mm weathering steel ribs with anti-corrosion coverage, painted in matte deep gray paint

2 40mm black sandalwood frame filled with gravels

3 Profiled steel plate composite floor

4 H beam

5 Weathering steel trimmings and drippings

6 10mm weathering steel iron plate

7 I-beam topped with light

8 Wooden bamboo strips

9 Wooden bamboo benches

10 40mm calcite overhead

11 5mm weathering steel plate

12 40*80mm steel keel

13 8mm steel ribs

14 Broken gravel bricks backfill and ballast

15 Steel ground beam

16 Embedded pipelines

17 Gravel ground

18 Drain hole

EXAMINING SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO FLOOD OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING COMMUNITIES

Building Long-term Disaster Resilience of Low-income Communities (Contents lists available at ScienceDirect)

Course: Social Investigation Methods(2) (2019 SPRING)

Course Instructor: Chen Yi and Wen Zhao

Site Location: Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Team Work: Xu Haoyuan, Xia Song, Li Wanrong, Yuan Yu

Contribution: Field Visits(25%), Research(40%), Drawing(90%)

BEFORE of the flood in the site (Yin long ya yuan, Nanjing)

AFTER of the flood in the site (Yin long ya yuan, Nanjing)

In the context of rapid urbanization and climate change, urban floods disasters occur frequently across the globe, and social vulnerability has become an important theoretical perspective for understanding the occurrence and response of flooding disasters. This research takes Nanjing as an example to investigate flooding disasters and social vulnerability in development countries. It develops an analysis framework and evaluation index system of social vulnerability from three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity and adaptability. Ten typical affordable housing communities (four main areas

of affordable housing in Nanjing) were selected and individual-level survey data were collected to explore the influencing factors of social vulnerability.

The results show that social vulnerability is simultaneously affected by exposure, sensitivity and adaptability.

Communities with new construction ages and good built environments have lower levels of risk exposure. Those with residents having higher levels of education and social capital have lower sensitivity. The government's emergency operations and residents' response capabilities can both improve the adaptability of communities to floods.

The article has been published.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Theoretical foundation

Sustainable cities and society

Journals: Journals homepage:

www.elsevier.com/locate/scs

DOI: Published time:

10.1016/j.scs.2021.102939 AUG 2021

Contents lists available at:

ScienceDirect

VULNERABILITY: The degree of damage that the system may suffer from exposure to risk, disturbance or pressure, which is composed of three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity and adaptability.

Sensitivity: The degree whether a social system is disturbed easily.

Exposure: The degree to which a social system is disturbed by outside condition.

Adaptability : The ability of a social system to cope, adjust, and adapt to external disturbances.

2. CHARACTERISTICS

OF

VULNERABILITY

2.1 The characteristic of sensitivity

2.1.1 Individual social economy attribution: Aging,low income,agricultural accounts for less

1.2 Object of study

2.1.2 State of health: Good self-evaluation, high medical expenditure

The following report is an original data of the paper.

2.2 The characteristic of exposure

2.2.1 Geographic context:

High relative relief; The closer to river, the easier to waterlog

2.3

The

characterisitic of adaptability

The range of relief degree of land surface in Daishan shows that the terrain inside this area is rugged and easy to form waterlogging.

Shangfang and Huagang are close to the main river and are vulnerable to the threat of river backflow.

2.2.2 Social fabric:

The lower the floor the easier to waterlog; Different social fabric, different flood situation

2.3.1 Individual: Low education degree; Information capturing ability

The residents of the affordable housing areas are generally not well educated, with the majority of them being junior middle school or lower than primary school, but they pay more attention to rainstorm disaster informations.

2.3.1 Social: The government provides medical facilities and assistance

The peak of flooding severity in Huagang and Shangfang is 'Serious'. It can be seen from the figure that the severity of waterlogging is in the order of Granite area > Shangfang area > Daishan area > Dingjiazhuang area.

3. PROCESS OF VULNERABILITY

3.1 The vulnerability of preparedness before flooding: Lack of initiative and purpose

Extra: The travel of residents in rainstorm

(A case study of Daishan areas)

The crowds gathered together in outdoor public spaces, such as squares and gardens, presenting a multi-core mode.

3.2 The vulnerability of response in flooding: Passive response

The crowd only gathered together in a sheltered public space, presenting a single core mode.

3.3 The vulnerability of resuming after flooding: Space-time difference

Dingjiazhuang area has the strongest drainage capacity, while the waterlogging will subside after half a day in the impression of most residents. Other areas have different drainage capacity and the duration waterlogging.

The crowd began to return to the outdoor public space, presenting a multi-core mode.

Extra: The map

4. MECHANISM OF VULNERABILITY

4.1 Evaluation index and data processing

4.1.1 Evaluation index system of social vulnerability

From 3 dimensions(exposure, sensitivity and adaptability), 18 indexes were selected to construct evaluation indexes of social vulnerability to waterlogging of affordable housing residents in Nanjing.

4.2 Influencing factors of social vulnerability

4.2.1 Sensitivity: Mainly affected by family structure and personal traits of residents

Extra: Summary of waterlogging types of each security housing

Overpass overflowed

Goal layer criterion layer index layer index weight the nature of indicators Numbers 0.0763 0.0240 0.0521

Exposure (+)

Sensitivity (+) Social vulnerability Adaptability (+)

⑧

Relief degree of land surface

0.0049 0.0424 0.0367 0.0069 0.0303 0.0445 0.1725 0.0561 0.0071 0.0072 0.0152 0.0263 0.0151 0.1907

+ + + + + + + + + + +

5.1.1 Expression

0.1836 + X8 X9 X10 X11

--

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16 X17 X18

Note: There is a positive correlation between exposure and sensitivity and social vulnerability, and the index nature is +', indicating that the higher the exposure and sensitivity, the higher the degree of social vulnerability. There is a negative correlation between adaptive capacity and social vulnerability, and the index nature is -', indicating that the stronger the adaptive capacity, the lower the degree of social vulnerability.

5. VERIFICATION OF CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Evaluation model of social vulnerability

Taking social vulnerability index as the dependent variable and social vulnerability evaluation index as the independent variable, a multiple linear regression model is constructed.

Y = β0 + β1X1 + β2x2 +...+ βpXp

--

② ② ②

③ ③ ③

④ ④ ④

⑤ ⑤ ⑤

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

⑥ ⑥ ⑥

⑦ ⑦ ⑦

⑧ ⑧ ⑧

⑨ ⑩ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

⑨ ⑨ ⑨

4.2.1 Exposure: Mainly affected by community built environment and built year

⑩ ⑩ ⑩

Green space too high ① ① ①

Community sensitivity box plot Community exposure box plot Community adaptability box plot

External road elevation Rivers flow backward

⑧

The structure of age The structure of gender The structure of gender(X2)

State of health State of health(X3)

Community sensitivity Community exposure Community adaptability

Economic income Medical expenditure ratio household registration type household registration type(X6)

Education degree Information capturing ability per capita living space Distance from medical facilities Level of public service facilities Government action

⑨ ⑩ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

Statistical map of resident sensitivity Statistical map of resident exposure Statistical map of resident adaptability

Sloping entrance

Social capital

Note: Y is a dependent variable (social vulnerability index), β0 is a constant, β1β2...βp is a regression coefficient, X1X2...XP is an independent variable (impact factor of social vulnerability, i.e. evaluation index of social vulnerability), and ε is a random error.

4.2.1 Adaptability: Mainly affected by government emergency actions and coping ability of residents

ε

Greening rate Greening rate(X9)

Distance from the river Distance from the river(X10)

Built year Built year(X11)

⑨ ⑩ ② Wanfuyuan ③ Wanxingyuan ④ Xiangheyuan ⑤ Xiushuifang ⑥ Yangeyuan ⑦ Yanwuyuan ⑧ Yinlong II ⑨ Yayuan ⑩ Yinlong I

⑧

5.2 conclusion

5.1.2 Calculation Social vulnerability is affected by nine factors:

The result shows that the regression equation R = 0.887, adjusted R² = 0.787, F = 102.429 (Sig.= 0.000), the regression equation has a high degree of fitting and good effectiveness.

Among the influencing factors of social vulnerability, a total of 9 factors are entered into the regression model. Among them, gender, household registration type, education level and whether to pay attention to rainstorm information are positively correlation.

Registered permanent residence Registered permanent residence(X7) Education degree(X12) Information capturing ability(X14)

The greening rate, distance from river, construction age, health evaluation and residence location are negatively correlation.

constant Model regression coefficient 4.25 0.061 0.074 -0.072 -0.002 0.17

t sig

-0.057 -0.097 -0.002 0.111

5.553 13.295 -2.795 -6.546

16.568 6.113 -4.738 -4.002 -16.934 3.456

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Community nature : Greening rate(X9), Distance from the river(X10), Built year(X11) The regression coefficient of the three factors is negative, which is negatively correlated with social vulnerability.

Socioeconomic attribute : household registration type(X6), Registered permanent residence(X7), Education degree(X12)

Residents' health : The structure of gender(X2),State of health(X3)

Information capturing ability(X14) —— It also has an impact on social vulnerability