How to encourage residents to bike more?

The Peculiar ​Nature of Streets Design Research Studio Course

RMIT University Landscape Architecture Sutdio Leader: Dr Yazid Ninsalam Semester 01 - 2019

How to encourage citizens to bike more?

Darebin Prepared by : Haotian Zhan (Zack) s3701360 MAY 2019

Context Introduction

Analysis

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Context

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Where is the study area?

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Background

<5>

Mapping Confidences elements

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Mapping Comfort elements

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Mapping Hierarchy elements

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Identify the site

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Concept Idea street

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Dislike street

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Relationship

Content

<4>

<6>

Idea street

<6>

Dislike street

<8>

What influence ridersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; confidences?

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What influence ridersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; comfort?

<14>

What influence the hierarchy of bike lane?

Mind mapping

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Design

<28> Existing Site

<28>

Testing Site A

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Testing Site B

<32>

Detail design Perspective

2

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<17> Reference

RMIT University Landscape Architecture Design Research Seminar - Design Research Studio Course Seminar Leader: Dr Yazid Ninsalam Semester 01 - 2019

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<44>

Introduction 4

What is the CONTEXT of this project?

Background the DAREBIN.

In this project, these local residents would be encouraged to bike more, which is the purpose of this project. The concept, Improving riders' confidence and comforts and identify the hierarchy of bike lanes would be used. The onstreet parking would be removed, separated buffer would be placed, high-quality surfaces of bike lanes would be placed and spaces of bike lanes would be widened.

In April 2018, Hansen Partnership in collaboration with Martyn Group were engaged by the City of Darebin to undertake the ‘Streets for People’ Feasibility Study. The intent of this project is to re-imagine Darebin’s street network in order to prioritise and promote walking and cycling across the municipality.

(Darebin Streets for People Feasibility Study | Key Issues Paper, 2018)

What extract from like and dislike?

The Ideal Street

Concept

Yi Ning Street Shanghai, China The Memory: When I was a child, the bicycle was my means of transportation because there is not a driver's license for me.

At that time, I really liked to ride on this road. On the one hand, this bike lane is in a high hierarchy and it connected a lot of interesting places. On the other hand, the green belt of this road improved my confidence. Therefore, Yi Ning Street is my ideal street.

1.6 m 1.6 m 1.6 m pedes green cycle -trian

1.6 m green

3.5 m 3.5 m vehicle

1.6 m green

3.5 m

3.5 m vehicle

1.6 m 1.6 m 1.6 m 1.6 m green cycle green pedes -trian Scale 1:150

6

Widen lane Considering the width of bike lane, it is wide enough for two cyclists to overtake.

Because cyclists would have a nice feelings and save time by overtaking others , which improving the comforts of cyclists.

Connect diverse leisure and traffic nodes

Separate diverse lane Considering the locations of these green buff, which divides this mian road into three lanes, footpaths, bicycle lanes and vehicle lanes and plants between these lanes prevent the interference of vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians, improving confidences of cyclists.

Considering the location of Yi Ning Street, it connects many attractions and important traffic nodes, which attracts residents to use Yi Ning Street frequently because of its high hierarchy of its bike lanes

What extract from like and dislike?

The dislike Street

Reality images (baidu map)

2.7 m 1.3 m parking

4m vehicle

P

4m vehicle

1.3 m 2.7 m parking

P

2m 1m green parking

1m 2m green parking

5m pedestrian

P

Considering much more riders are disturbed by vehicles, some residents like cycling on the footpath, which could disturb the pedestrians,specially to inconvenient-move people such as pushing a stroller, disabled people, beacues it is hard for them to avoid the collision of bicycles.

cycle

The Story: Because Fu Hai Street is connected to school and residential areas, I rided to school in the past. Twenties years ago, car parking spaces were not set, and main roads and bicycle lanes were wide enough and not interfered with each other. With the development of the economy, more and more cars were purchased, which leads the shortage of parking spaces, therefore parts of bicycle lanes were occupied as parking space. Every time I went to school by using bicycle, it is easy to be disturbed by a car, drived into a parking space, or an opening car door, which decline my riders' confidences, therefore I don't like this street.

Considering bicycle lanes were placed between main roads and car parking spaces, bicycles are easily to be disturbed.If cardoors are opened or vehicles are occupy bicycle lanes, these rider would be disturbed, which decline their confidences hence they would ride on the footpath or vehicle roads.

cycle

Concept

Shanghai, China

P

8

Disturbing pedestrian

Vehicle disturbance

Fu Hai Street

5m pedestrian Scale 1:150

·S= f(C) ·S= ·S= f(C) f(C)

Three main concepts would be applied.

What influence riders' confidences?

Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Canopy Canopy Canopy of small of of small shurbs small shurbs shurbs withinwithin buffer within buffer area buffer area area

Unlimitness Unlimitness Unlimitness to branch to to branch branch beyond beyond beyond 2500mm 2500mm 2500mm

No buffer NoNo buffer buffer

Riders' Comfort Hierarchy of bike lane

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BufferBuffer Buffer

Wide buffer

Riders' Confidences

Thin buffer

·S= f(W) ·S= ·S= f(W) f(W) No buffer

Relationship

The relationship between Width of buffers and Cyclists' confidences The The relationship The relationship relationship between between between cyclists’ cyclists’ cyclists’ safety safety safety (S) and (S)(S) whether and and whether whether thesethese is these buffers is is buffers buffers (W) (W) (W)

WiderWider Buffer Wider Buffer Buffer

Generally speaking, buffers could establish the confidences of cyclists, besides, the distances between cyclists and cars could also establiesh the confidences of cyclists. Hence, the wide buffers could provide stronger confidences of cyclists because both it is a buffer to separate the road and it could widen the distances between cars and bikes.

The relationship between On street parking and Cyclists' confidences

Canopy small shurbs Canopy Canopyofofofsmall smallshurbs shurbs within buffer area within withinbuffer bufferarea area

Door opening conflict

Small shurbs Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Branch beyond 2500mm

The relationship between cyclists’ safety (S) and canopy ofofvegetation vegetation (C) The Therelationship relationshipbetween betweencyclists’ cyclists’safety safety(S) (S)and andcanopy canopyof vegetation(C) (C) ·S= f(C) ·S= ·S=f(C) f(C)

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Buffer Buffer Buffer

P

Unlimitness branch Unlimitness Unlimitnesstototobranch branch beyond 2500mm beyond beyond2500mm 2500mm

The large could establish the confidences of cyclists.

However, the green buffers could still decline theisisconfidences The relationship between cyclists’ safety (S) and whether these buffers (W) The Therelationship relationship between between cyclists’ cyclists’safety safety(S) (S) and and whether whetherthese these isbuffers buffers(W) (W) ·S= f(W) ·S= ·S=f(W) f(W) If there is the unlimited vegetation, which could of cyclists. block the bike lane and resist opeations of bike. If these vegetation are less than 800mm or the lowest branches are beyond 2500mm, which is not negative influence of cyclists’ confidences.

No buffer No Nobuffer buffer

P

Remove parking

The relationship between Shape of Vegetation in Green buffers and Cyclists' confidences

Parking collision

What influence riders' confidences?

Unlimited vegetation

Relationship

What influence riders' confidences?

Wider Buffer Wider WiderBuffer Buffer

On- street parking provides convenices of residents The relationship between cyclists’ safety (S) andof canopy of for vegetation relationship between safety (S) canopy of vegetation (C) (C) TheThe relationship between cyclists’ safety (S) andand canopy vegetation (C) because private carcyclists’ becomes main transportation residents, ·S=itf(C) f(C) ·S=·S= f(C) but is really negative to cyclists, specially the bike lane is between car parking zone and vehicle lane. Firstly, it is a conflicts between opening doors and cyclists. Secondly, these car moving to on-street parking zone could block the bike lane suddently. Both of them could decline the confidences of cyclists, therefore, the suitable location of bike lane is near the green area, buffer or pedestrian.

Different surface could provide riders diverse feelings during biking. The area without any mark, which is uncomfortable to riders. However, the mark line could improving the comfort of cyclists because they feel their own territory of bike. Furthermore, the colourful cover bike lane provide advanced comfort becuase it is in high identifiability of territory and it is a high-quality surface (flatness and roughness), which is attractive to cyclists.

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Wide bike lane

Thin bike lane

No bike lane

The relationship between Width of bike lane and Cyclists' comforts?

Colourful cover

The relationship between Surface of bike lane and Cyclists' comfort

Mark line

What influence riders' comfort?

No bike lane

Relationship

What influence riders' comfort?

Different width of bike lane could provide riders diverse feelings during biking. As mentioned before, bike lane without any mark (no special bike lane) is boring. Compared narrow bike lane, cyclists feel more comfortable when they in the wide bike lane because they would feel relaxed and they could overtake others to save time and experience exciting.

What influence the hierarchy of bike lane?

Mind Mapping Car Parking disturbance

What influence riders' confidence?

Vegetation disturbance

Relationship

Width of buffer

How to encourage citizens to bike more?

Bike lane surface Width of bike lane

Cyclists' Destination

Destination of cyclists Transfer in corridor

Traffic Junction

The principle to identify the hierarchy of bike lane as follows, destinations of cyclists, transfer points in corridor and traffic junction. To be honest, the root of three elements is two “where”, where cyclists come and where cyclists go, because these two “where” means attracting more cyclists, which stand for the high hierarchy.

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What influence riders' comfort?

What influence the hierarchy of bike lane?

Transform in corridor Traffic Junction

Study area Analysis.

Corridor 4- 5

Darebin

4 5

Mapping Confidences elements Mapping Comfort elements Mapping Hierarchy elements Site

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Melbourne

Location

Victoria

Analysis

Where is the study area?

This study is corridor four and five in Darebin. The City of Darebin is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, VIC. Besides, these two corridor (corridor 4 and 5) are in the Reservoir 3073 and Preston 3072 respectively)

Mapping Confidences elements

Analysis

4

Not in 3pm-8pm

4 Confidence elements in corridor 4 5

5

Confidence elements in corridor 5

According to council reporting, lack of car parking area is the main issue, therefore, much spaces of roads are used as on-street parking, which could decline cyclistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s confidences, furthermore, there is No separated buffers to whole two corridors, Therefore, these sites could not attract beigners to bike because of their bits of confidences.

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Legend Off-street parking On-street parking No buffers (include green buffers)

Mapping Comfort elements

Analysis

4

4 Comfort elements in corridor 4 5

5

Comfort elements in corridor 5

According to mapping, most road of corridor 4 is not specially bike lane and the width of road is less than 18m, which could limited the development of bike lane. However to corridor 5, most of roads are used as mark line bike lane (1.4m), the width of road is more than 20m, which means it is potential to improve comfort of cyclist.

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Legend No bike lane Mark line (1.4m bike lane) 15m wide road 18m wide road

20m wide road 35m wide road Trail

Mapping Hierarchy elements Merri Creek

4 min 1.3 km

Edgars Creek

Analysis

Phase 2

1 min 100 m

1 min Darebin Creek 450 m

Phase 1

Phase 3

Further study

Phase 3

Phase 1 1 min 450 m

4/7

Hierarchy element in corridor 4 Northern College 5 min of the Arts 1.1 km & Technology

9 min Shopping 2.5 km centre

3 min Preston Market 500m 1 min Melbourne 280m Polytechnic

To Merri Creek

3/5 Phase 3

Hierarchy element in corridor 5

Phase 2

Phase 3

Further study

According to mapping, through analysis three elements, destination of cyclists, transfer in corridor and traffic junction, the hierarchy of bike lane could be identified, which could distinguish the implementation of development. Bike lane in high hierarchy is prior.

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3 min 1 km Blake Park

5/8 Phase 1

To Darebin Creek

Phase 1

Phase 2

Legend

A/B

Destination of cyclists

Commercial zone

Transfer in corridor A and B

Park land

Traffic Junction

Educational zone

Neighbourhood cyclists, those are the residents, students , children and other beginners, they need the extreme confidnce provided by street. Besides, the comfort is also significant.

Alber

t St

Darebin Creek

nty

View B Site

Neighbourhood cyclists in Residental Precinct

Commercial and industrail Precinct

Rd

Residental Precinct

Ple

Analysis

Identify the site

AGowe3/5 r St

View C

View A Site B

Site characters analysis

According to bike lane hierarchy analysis, corridor 5 is in a higher prior than corridor 4, However, this corridor are divided into two diverse precinct, residental and commercial/ industrial precinct, besides, the characters of cyclists in two zones are different.

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Commuter cyclists in Commercial& Industrial Precinct

Commuter cyclists, those are the residents, high school students, adults or others, they have enough confidence of bike, Therefore, they prefer the comfort provided by street, while, confidence is also significant.

Site testing The existing site

Design

B

A

A

B'

A'

Site B to commuter cyclists

P

Transection A- A'

The issue of two existing site are similiar. Firstly, the conflicts from on-street parking and lack of buffers, which could decline the confidences of cyclist. Secondly, no high-quality surfaces and narrow bike lane, which is not comfort for cyclists.

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B'

A'

Site A to neighbourhood cyclists

P

B

Transection B- B'

In term of insection, lack of buffers cuase the crash between vehicles and bikes. Besides, the project should also consider the safety of pedestrian.

Testing in Site A Change location of parking and bike lane to elimate the conflicts between cyclists and cars to improve confidence of cyclists

P

Design

Test-1 plan

P

Test-1 transection

Change roundabouts to sparated the bike lane from road at intersectiont to avoide crash between cars and cyclists to improve confidence of cyclists, while it is also improve the safety of pedestrians.

Test-2 plan

Test-2 transection

Replace parking space with green buffer to increase the distances between cyclists and cars to improve confidence of cyclists extremely

Test-3 plan

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Test-3 transection

Testing in Site B Change location of parking and bike lane to elimate the conflicts between cyclists and cars to improve confidence of cyclists

P

Design

Test-2 plan

P

Test-1 transection

Change surface of bike lanes and roundabouts to optimize the feelings of biking and guide riders to improve the comfort of cyclistswhile it is also improve the safety of pedestrians.

Test-2 plan Test-2 transection Remove the parking space and widen the bike lanes to provide cyclists with extra space to improve comfot of cyclists

Test-3 plan

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Test-3 transection

Detail design in Site A

Design

4

A

4

A'

4. Speed table

2 2

5

B'

1

Site A Plan 34

2. Green buffers

5. Landscape area

1

5 3

1 1

3. Roundabouts

B

1

2

1. Bike lane surface

Site A

1

3

1

4

2

2

Design

4

Site A

c

c

c a

b

1.5 m 1 m 1 m 1.5 m

d

e 8m

e

7.5 m

Section A- A'

36

7.5 m

1m

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

1.5 m 1.4 m

1.5bm

e

6m

2.5 m

2.5 m

Section B- B'

1.5 m 1.5 m

1.6 m

Detail design in Site B

3 5

Design

D 1

1

C

2

1 3

2

4

4 6 1

D' 1. Bike lane surface

5. Green buffers

2. Separated buffers

6. Roundabouts

4

3. Speed tables

3

4. Rised concretes

Site B Plan 38

C'

Site B 3

4

1

6

1

4

Site B

3

1

c

c

a Design

1m

4.8 m

d

b

1.3 m

1.5 m

a

Bluestone

7m

14 m

Section C- C'

c

Acacia implexa: Lightwood

5-15m* 4-10m

b

Colour bike lane

d

Bracteantha viscosa: Bracteantha viscosa

0.5m -0.8m

40

7m

4m 1.3 m

e

1

c

e

e

2

2

1.6 m 1m

1.6 m 1m

1.4 m

e

b

3m 1m

6m

Section D- D'

Austridanthonia geniculata: Kneed Wallaby Grass 0.15m- 0.25m

3m 1m

1.8 m 2m

42

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Reference

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RMIT University Landscape Architecture The Peculiar â&#x20AC;&#x2039;Nature of Streets Design Research Studio Course Semester 01 - 2019